6:47 a.m.
Author: pfrields
Update of /cvs/docs/jargon-buster/en_US
In directory cvs-int.fedora.redhat.com:/tmp/cvs-serv17708/en_US
Added Files:
jargon-buster.xml
Log Message:
Update to proper locale and adjust supporting rpm-info and Makefile accordingly
--- NEW FILE jargon-buster.xml ---
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FDP-ENTITIES SYSTEM
"../../docs-common/common/entities/entities-en_US.ent">
%FDP-ENTITIES;
<!ENTITY DOCNAME "jargon-buster">
<!ENTITY DOCVERSION "1.9.6">
<!ENTITY DOCDATE "2006-03-14">
<!ENTITY DOCID "&DOCNAME;-&DOCVERSION; (&DOCDATE;)">
]>
<article lang="en">
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
href="fdp-info.xml" />
<para>
This document clarifies some of the terms used on various lists, web
pages, and IRC, when talking about &FED;. Many thanks to the people
on the fedora-list and at &RH; for their input. If you cannot find a
term in this document that you think should appear here, use the bug
reporting information below to notify the maintainers.
</para>
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
href="../../docs-common/common/bugreporting-en_US.xml"/>
<glossary id="fedora-glossary">
<title>Glossary</title>
<glossdiv>
<title>Jargon Buster</title>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-a11y">
<glossterm>a11y</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "accessibility," frequently used in
programming to avoid unnecessary typing and misspelling.
Accessibility is the provision of services for impaired
users, such as text-to-speech translation for the visually
impaired. The <literal>11</literal> derives from the eleven
letters between the beginning <literal>a</literal> and the
ending <literal>y</literal>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-alsa">
<glossterm>ALSA</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) is a technology
that gives &FED; the ability to mix and output multiple
audio sources. ALSA supports many consumer and professional
level hardware devices. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.alsa-project.org/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-anaconda">
<glossterm>Anaconda</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<application>Anaconda</application> is the &FC; installation
system. <application>Anaconda</application> identifies and
configures the system's hardware, creates appropriate file
systems, and installs or upgrades software packages.
<application>Anaconda</application> runs in a fully
interactive text or graphical mode, or in an automated
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-kickstart"/> mode. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda"/>
for more information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-apt">
<glossterm>apt</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>apt</command> (Advanced Package Tool) utility
is a dependency tool developed for use with Debian Linux
<firstterm>dpkg</firstterm> packages. The
<command>apt-rpm</command> utility extends
<command>apt</command> for use with RPM packages. Since
<command>apt</command> has specific problems with
<firstterm>multilib</firstterm>, however, it is not
recommended for use with &FED; systems. Use
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> instead.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-atrpms">
<glossterm>ATrpms</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
ATrpms a third party RPM repository for &FED; software.
Refer to <ulink url="http://atrpms.physik.fu-berlin.de/"/>
for more information about ATrpms.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-bittorrent">
<glossterm>BitTorrent</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<application>BitTorrent</application> is a peer-to-peer file
sharing which downloads from multiple channels at once.
Refer to
<ulink
url="http://bitconjurer.org/BitTorrent/"/>
for more information.
</para>
<para>
Use <application>BitTorrent</application> to download &FC;
by downloading and opening a torrent file. The official &FC;
torrent tracker is located at
<ulink
url="http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/"/>;.
Download a torrent file there to begin downloading a release
of &FC;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-bluecurve">
<glossterm>Bluecurve</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<trademark>Bluecurve</trademark> is a theme which unifies
the look and feel of the &FED; desktop. Bluecurve was
introduced in &RHL; 9 and was used as the default for &FC;
through release 3. Bluecurve was replaced in &FC; 4 by
<xref linkend="gl-jb-clearlooks"/>. Bluecurve included icons
and settings for the menu and layout of the desktop.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-bugzilla">
<glossterm>&BZ;</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
&BZ; is an online database for recording flaws, or
<firstterm>bugs</firstterm>, in &FED; software,
documentation, and other projects. &BZ; also tracks bugs in
&RH; software. When you encounter a problem with &FED;, you
can help the community fix the problem by making a record in
&BZ;. This procedure is called "entering a bug." For more
information about &BZ;, refer to &BZ-URL;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-cjk">
<glossterm>CJK</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "Chinese, Japanese and Korean," East
Asian languages which require the use of an
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-input-method"/> platform due to
the large number of possible typographic characters.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-iiimf"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-clearlooks">
<glossterm>Clearlooks</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Clearlooks is the default theme for a GNOME desktop
environment in &FC; 4. The Clearlooks design is based on the
original <xref linkend="gl-jb-bluecurve"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-core">
<glossterm>Core</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Core is a numbered release of a subset of &FED; software,
and is usually called "&FC;." Core packages are maintained
mainly by employees of &RH;, and are made up of free and
open source software produced by the Linux community.
</para>
<para>
Although the software in &FC; is updated regularly, the
original release of &FC; does not change. For this reason,
when users discuss the state of their &FED; system software,
they might refer to "&FC; plus updates." When you request
help from the community, this terminology is the most
accurate. However, many users simply call the updated system
"&FC;."
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-cpu">
<glossterm>CPU</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Central Processing Unit, or
<acronym>CPU</acronym>
, is the "brain" of a computer. The rest of the computer is
organized around the CPU, so people often refer to computer
systems by the type of processor inside. Examples of CPUs
include Pentium-4, Athlon64, and PowerPC.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>cron</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>cron</command> system executes automatic jobs
on behalf of the system or an individual user on a schedule.
An example of a system <command>cron</command> job might
include running <xref linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> nightly to
update the system.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>CUPS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Common UNIX Printing System, or
<acronym>CUPS</acronym>
, is a cross-platform, modularized printing system for
UNIX-type environments, including Linux and Macintosh OS X.
It is based on the Internet Printing Protocol and provides
facilities for managing print jobs and queues. CUPS drivers
are available at <ulink url="http://www.cups.org/windows/"/>
which allow Windows systems to use printers shared from
Linux systems. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.cups.org/"/>
for more information about CUPS.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>Desktop Switcher</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>Desktop Switcher</application> tool allows
a user to convert the &FED; desktop between
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-gnome"/> and
<xref linkend="gl-jb-kde"/>. To run the
<application>Desktop
Switcher</application> tool from the Main Menu, select
<menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>More
Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Desktop
Switcher</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. If you do not see this
item in your menu, you may not have the
<filename>switchdesk-gui</filename> package installed. Refer
to &FDPDOCS-URL; to learn how to use
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> to install software
packages.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-eth0">
<glossterm>eth0</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <systemitem>eth0</systemitem> name represents the first
discovered <xref linkend="gl-jb-ethernet"/> interface in a
&FED; system. If your &FED; system has more than one such
interface, the others will be numbered
<systemitem>eth1</systemitem>,
<systemitem>eth2</systemitem>, and so on.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ethernet">
<glossterm>Ethernet</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Ethernet is the most common type of network technology for
small computer networks.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ethtool">
<glossterm>ethtool</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>ethtool</command> utility is a Linux network
driver diagnostic and tuning tool for a Linux 2.4 or later
<xref linkend="gl-jb-kernel"/>. The
<command>ethtool</command> utility is used for querying and
changing settings of an <xref linkend="gl-jb-ethernet"/>
device.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ext3">
<glossterm>ext3</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <systemitem>ext3</systemitem> file system is a method of
organizing data on storage devices. It is based on the older
but still vital <systemitem>ext2</systemitem> Linux file
system. Most users do not need to understand file system
internals because Linux translates this system into
understandable concepts such as files and folders. Refer to
<ulink url="http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/"/>;, however,
for more information on <systemitem>ext2</systemitem> and
<systemitem>ext3</systemitem>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-faq">
<glossterm>FAQ</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A
<acronym>FAQ</acronym>
is a list of Frequently Asked Questions. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/about/faq/"/>
for a FAQ about the &FP;. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://fedorafaq.org/"/> for a FAQ
about using &FED;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fdl">
<glossterm>FDL</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GNU Free Documentation License (
<acronym>FDL</acronym>
) is a means of licensing program documentation. As is the
case with all freedoms, the FDL carries both rights and
responsibilities. You have the right to modify and
redistribute FDL materials, or create other works based on
them. You then have the responsibility of licensing any such
material under the FDL as well. In this fashion the FDL
guarantees that documentation cannot be made less free by a
recipient.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fhs">
<glossterm>FHS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The File Hierarchy Standard, or
<acronym>FHS</acronym>
, is a specification for the naming and organization of
directories on a Linux system. The FHS sets standards for
the types of files that should inhabit specific system
directories. Refer to
<ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/> for more
information about the FHS.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-freshrpms">
<glossterm>FreshRPMS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A third-party repository of <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/>
software packages. FreshRPMS is soon to be subsumed into the
larger RPMForge repository. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.freshrpms.net/"/> for
more information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fsck">
<glossterm>fsck</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>fsck</command> utility is a command line tool
used to test file systems for consistency and repair errors.
It is normally used with Linux file systems such as
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-ext3"/>, but also has the ability
to make repairs on other types of file systems.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gimp">
<glossterm>GIMP</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. The GIMP is
graphics software suitable for such tasks as photo
retouching, image composition and image authoring. The GIMP
will read and write graphics files in a variety of formats,
including JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF. It will also import some
proprietary image formats from other graphics programs.
Refer to <ulink url="http://www.gimp.org/"/> for more
information about the GIMP.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-glibc">
<glossterm>glibc</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GNU C library, or <systemitem>glibc</systemitem>, is a
free and open source library of C functions. Most software
programs for your &FED; system rely on
<systemitem>glibc</systemitem> for basic common functions.
Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html"/>
for more information about <systemitem>glibc</systemitem>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gnome">
<glossterm>GNOME</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>GNOME</acronym>
is the short name for the GNOME Desktop, a product of the
GNOME Project. GNOME is at once a free desktop environment
for UNIX-like operating systems such as &FED;, and a
framework for software developers to develop graphical
utilities and interfaces. GNOME provides a complete set of
human interface guidelines, which means that GNOME strives
to have a consistent look and feel for all its applications.
Read more about GNOME at
<ulink
url="http://www.gnome.org/"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gnu">
<glossterm>GNU</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>GNU</acronym>
is an acronym that stands for "GNU's Not UNIX," and is
pronounced "guh-NOO." GNU was originally intended to be a
complete UNIX-like operating system. It has become a broader
term describing free software licensed under the
<xref linkend="gl-jb-gpl"/>. Because the
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-kernel"/> and much of the other
software in a Linux system are licensed under the
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-gpl"/>, many people call that
system GNU/Linux.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gnupg">
<glossterm>GnuPG (GPG)</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
GnuPG, the GNU Privacy Guard, is a complete and free
replacement for PGP, Pretty Good Privacy. GnuPG software
allows you to digitally sign or encrypt data using public
key encryption methods. GnuPG is OpenPGP compliant, so data
signed or encrypted by GnuPG can be exchanged with almost
any computer user. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.gnupg.org/"/> for more
information about GPG.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gpl">
<glossterm>GPL</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GNU General Public Licence, or
<acronym>GPL</acronym>
, is a software license designed to preserve users' rights
to share and modify software. The GPL does this by
restricting anyone from denying you those rights. Use of
software is usually subject to the terms under which it is
licensed. Many software licenses restrict you from copying,
sharing, or even examining the software they cover. The
terms of the GPL, however, allow you very broad rights to
share, modify, and redistribute software. In return the GPL
requires you to give others those rights if you share the
results. The GPL encourages software programmers to learn
and contribute to each other's work. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.fsf.org/licenses/licenses/gpl.html"/>
for more information about the GPL. For a
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-faq"/> about the GPL, refer
to
<ulink
url="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-faq.html"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-grub">
<glossterm>GRUB</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <xref linkend="gl-jb-gnu"/> GRand Unified Boot Loader,
or
<acronym>GRUB</acronym>
, is a program which controls the boot process after basic
system tests occur. It presents a menu that allows the user
to select an operating system or kernel to boot. Its
features include passing parameters and options to the
kernel, and a minimal functional shell. Refer to
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/> for more
information about GRUB.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-i18n">
<glossterm>i18n</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "internationalization," frequently used
in programming to avoid unnecessary typing and misspellings.
Internationalization is the provision of multiple
translations for messages that applications produce. The
<literal>18</literal> derives from the eighteen (18) letters
between the beginning <literal>i</literal> and the ending
<literal>n</literal>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-l10n"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-i386">
<glossterm>i386</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The entire set of computer processors that are compatible
with the Intel x86 platform, including Intel Pentium and
Celeron, AMD Athlon and Duron, and VIA C3
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-cpu"/>s, are commonly
referred to as <systemitem>i386</systemitem>. The
<systemitem>i386</systemitem> term is often used to refer a
set of software packages that run on these processors.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-iiimf">
<glossterm>IIIMF</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Intranet/Internet Input Method Framework, or
<acronym>IIIMF</acronym>
, is an <xref
linkend="gl-jb-input-method"/> framework
for handling languages such as <xref linkend="gl-jb-cjk"/>,
which will not map readily to a standard keyboard device.
IIIMF works by loading language engines dynamically at
runtime as they are requested by clients.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-im">
<glossterm>IM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Instant messaging, or
<acronym>IM</acronym>
, is a real-time, text-based form of communication. You can
use IM to have conversations with individuals or groups.
America Online, an Internet service provider, popularized IM
in the 1990's, but many other providers such as Yahoo and
Google offer similar services. &FED; has programs such as
<application>gaim</application> that allow you to use IM to
communicate with other Internet users.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-inkscape">
<glossterm>Inkscape</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Inkscape is a vector graphics illustration program. It uses
SVG as the default file format. For more information about
Inkscape, refer to <ulink url="http://www.inkscape.org/"/>;.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-sodipodi"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-input-method">
<glossterm>Input method</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A method used to enter text other than selecting each
character directly on a keyboard or other input hardware.
Input methods are widely used for entering ideographs and
other characters phonetically or by component, such as in
Esat Asian languages. &FC; uses the
<xref linkend="gl-jb-iiimf"/> platform by default, but also
offers other platforms such as <xref linkend="gl-jb-scim"/>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-cjk"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-irc">
<glossterm>IRC</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Internet Relay Chat, or
<acronym>IRC</acronym>
, is a communication protocol that allows users to type text
messages to each other in approximately real time. You can
use IRC to have conversations with individuals or groups.
IRC is very similar to <xref linkend="gl-jb-im"/>, and
offers many of the same capabilities, but predates IM by
many years.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-iso">
<glossterm>ISO</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>ISO</acronym>
is an acronym that stands for International Standards
Organization. It is also used as an abbreviation for the
ISO-9660 format of a standard data CD-ROM. &FED; offers
installation CDs for &FC; as downloadable files on the
Internet, in the form of CD image files sometimes called ISO
files. These files can be burned directly to CD media using
a CD-Recordable drive, and the resulting CD will contain all
the files on the original &FC; media.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kde">
<glossterm>KDE</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
KDE is a free and open desktop environment for UNIX-like
operating systems such as &FED;. KDE also offers a complete
development framework for writing graphical applications, as
well as an office application suite. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.kde.org/whatiskde/"/> for
more information about KDE.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kernel">
<glossterm>kernel</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A kernel is the core of an operating system, responsible for
managing memory and conducting hardware operations. The
Linux kernel used in &FED; is free and open source software,
originally written by Linus Torvalds. Many computer
scientists and programmers from around the world now
contribute to its development.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kickstart">
<glossterm>kickstart</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Kickstart is a facility that allows system administrators to
automate the installation of &FED;. To use Kickstart, the
administrator creates a configuration file which contains
all the information needed by
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-anaconda"/> to complete the
installation process. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda"/>
for more information about Kickstart.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kudzu">
<glossterm>kudzu</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>kudzu</command> utility usually runs at boot
time. The <command>kudzu</command> utility detects changes
in the system's hardware configuration, and configures the
devices for use with &FED; software. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/additional-projects/kudzu/&qu...
for more information about <command>kudzu</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-l10n">
<glossterm>l10n</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "localization," frequently used in
programming to avoid unnecessary typing and misspelling.
Localization is the provision of nation-specific settings
for the representation of numbers, dates, currency, and
other customary symbols. The <literal>10</literal> derives
from the ten letters between the beginning
<literal>l</literal> and the ending
<literal>n</literal>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-i18n"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ldap">
<glossterm>LDAP</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, or
<acronym>LDAP</acronym>
, is a standard for hierarchically organizing and accessing
collections of information. This information may be
practically anything, but LDAP is most often used to collect
information about organizations, including personnel and
resource information. &FED; includes support for OpenLDAP,
which is a free and open source implementation of LDAP. For
more information about OpenLDAP, refer to
<ulink url="http://www.openldap.org/"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-lilo">
<glossterm>LILO</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The LInux LOader, or
<acronym>LILO</acronym>
, is a small program used on older Linux systems to boot the
Linux kernel or some other operating systems. LILO has been
superseded by <xref linkend="gl-jb-grub"/> in &FED;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-lsb">
<glossterm>LSB</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Linux Standard Base, or
<acronym>LSB</acronym>
, is a project that develops and promotes a set of standards
to increase compatibility among Linux distributions. For
more information about LSB, refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.linuxbase.org/"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-lspci">
<glossterm>lspci</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>lspci</command> utility displays information
about all PCI buses in the system and all devices connected
to them. It is frequently used to diagnose problems with
hardware recognition or driver compatibility.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-md5sum">
<glossterm>md5sum</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>md5sum</command> utility computes a 128-bit
message digest hash value for any specified files. A hash
value is a "fingerprint" for a given file, created by a
computation that makes it very unlikely that any two files
will create the same hash value.
</para>
<para>
To download an MD5 hash program for Windows operating
systems, refer to
<ulink
url="http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-memtest86">
<glossterm>memtest86</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The &FC; Installation CD 1 includes a memory testing utility
called <command>memtest86</command>. To perform memory
testing before you install Fedora Core, or to diagnose a RAM
problem, enter <command>memtest86</command> at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt>
prompt. The tests continue until you press the
<keycap>Esc</keycap> key.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-mirror">
<glossterm>mirror</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A mirror is a complete copy of an online resource. System
administrators of computers connected to the Internet often
create and provide mirrors for public use. If a resource has
one or more mirrors, many more users can access its content
without overloading the original resource.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-mount">
<glossterm>mount</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
To use a disk device such as a CD, USB drive, or floppy
diskette, you must first <command>mount</command> it. &FED;
uses a single unified file system for all attached devices.
Windows systems, on the other hand, use a "drive letter" for
each disk device, such as <systemitem>A:</systemitem> or
<systemitem>C:</systemitem>. When you
<command>mount</command> a disk device, its file system
becomes part of the unified file system on &FED;. The device
is mounted on a <firstterm>mount point</firstterm>, which is
a directory that points to that device, such as
<filename>/media/floppy</filename>. You must also unmount
the file system before you eject or remove the disk, to
insure all file information is safely written to the device.
</para>
<para>
Since these functions are often handled through
user-friendly helpers, you may perform all mounting,
unmounting, and file browsing through the graphical desktop
interface. For instance, if you use the
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-gnome"/> Desktop, the
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-nautilus"/> file management
utility makes it easy to perform these tasks.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-mozilla">
<glossterm>Mozilla</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Mozilla Project produces several user applications such
as the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird email client.
These programs are designed for standards compliance,
performance and portability. For more information about
Mozilla software, refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.mozilla.org/"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-nautilus">
<glossterm>Nautilus</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <xref linkend="gl-jb-gnome"/> desktop environment
includes a file manager called Nautilus which provides a
graphical display of your system and personal files.
Nautilus also allows you to configure your desktop and
&FED;, browse your photo collection, access your network
resources, and more, all from an integrated interface.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-package">
<glossterm>package</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Users often refer to a <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/> file as a
<firstterm>package</firstterm>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-rpm"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-pine">
<glossterm>Pine</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>Pine</acronym>
, short for a Program for Internet News and Email, is a tool
for reading, sending, and managing electronic messages.
Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/"/>
for more information about <command>Pine</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rawhide">
<glossterm>Rawhide</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Rawhide is a package repository which contains the latest
development versions of packages which will eventually be
included in &FED;. These latest versions are sometimes
called "bleeding edge" <xref
linkend="gl-jb-package"/>,
since they often include new and untested technology. You
should consider the Rawhide repository "unstable," since any
Rawhide package <emphasis>might</emphasis> be badly broken
if the programmers are trying to add, change, or test
features. If you want to develop programs for &FED;, you may
want to install a system from Rawhide. If you only want to
use a stable &FED; system, you should use the standard &FC;
distribution instead.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rhel">
<glossterm>RHEL</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or
<acronym>&RHEL;</acronym>
, is a fully-supported enterprise-class operating system for
open source computing. &RHEL; runs on many system
architectures, is certified by top enterprise software and
hardware vendors, and is based on &FED; technology. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.redhat.com/software/rhel/"/>
for more information about &RHEL;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rhgb">
<glossterm>rhgb</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
&RH; Graphical Boot, or <application>
<acronym>rhgb</acronym>
</application>, is an optional component of the boot
process. The <application>rhgb</application> application
produces a boot screen with a progress bar and fewer
technical messages. The <application>rhgb</application>
application allows you to click a link to see the technical
boot messages if desired. Systems that have been upgraded
from &RHL; to &FC; are not configured to include
<application>rhgb</application>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rhn-applet">
<glossterm>RHN Applet</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>rhn-applet</application> utility was
originally designed for use with &RHEL; and Red Hat Network.
It provides a notification and user interface for system
updates using <xref linkend="gl-jb-up2date"/>. It allows the
user to retrieve and install system updates, but this usage
is no longer recommended. Users should use
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> for system updates
instead.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rpm">
<glossterm>RPM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>RPM</acronym>
stands for RPM Package Manager. RPM is a robust database
system for maintaining software on &FED; systems. Software
packaged for &FED; is distributed in special package files
called RPM files, or RPMs. System owners use the
<command>rpm</command> utility to query the RPM database for
information about installed software. Although some
administrators use <command>rpm</command> to install,
update, and remove software, it is recommended that you use
<command>yum</command> for these purposes.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rsync">
<glossterm>rsync</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>rsync</command> utility is used to perform
incremental file transfers, meaning it can transfer only
sections of data that have changed. Administrators
frequently use <command>rsync</command> to create a
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-mirror"/> of an online
resource. Refer to
<ulink url="http://samba.anu.edu.au/rsync/"/> for more
information about <command>rsync</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-scim">
<glossterm>SCIM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Smart Common Input Method platform, or
<acronym>SCIM</acronym>
, is a C++ library that abstracts input method interface
into simple, independent classes. It provides a higher level
and simpler interface than some other input method
platforms.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-input-method"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-selinux">
<glossterm>SELinux</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
SELinux is a set of extensions to the Linux
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-kernel"/> that provide
extremely strong security. SELinux is based on role
definitions, and allows very granular control over access to
system resources based on those roles. These security
measures limit the risk associated with computer intrusions
by unauthorized persons. For more information about SELinux,
refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/"/> and
<ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-sha1sum">
<glossterm>sha1sum</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>sha1sum</command> utility computes a 160-bit
message digest hash value for any specified files. A hash
value is a "fingerprint" for a given file, created by a
computation that makes it very unlikely that any two files
will create the same hash value.
</para>
<para>
Download mirrors for &FC; <xref linkend="gl-jb-iso"/>
image
files also include a related SHA1SUMS file which contains
the hash values for the <xref linkend="gl-jb-iso"/> files.
Run <command>sha1sum</command> against the downloaded files
to verify the hash value. If a file's hash value does not
match, you should not use that file to burn a CD. Try
downloading the file again.
</para>
<para>
To download an SHA-1 hash program for Windows operating
systems, refer to
<ulink
url="http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/"/>;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-sodipodi">
<glossterm>Sodipodi</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Sodipodi is a vector graphics illustration application. It
uses W3C SVG as its default format. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/sodipodi/"/>
for more information.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-inkscape"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-srpm">
<glossterm>SRPM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A source <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/>, or
<acronym>SRPM</acronym>
, contains the source code for a <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/>
package. To read or modify a program's source, install its
SRPM. You do not need SRPM packages to use the software
itself.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-rpm"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-system-config-packages">
<glossterm>system-config-packages</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>system-config-packages</application>
utility is a package installation for new &FC; systems which
have no software updates installed yet. Since most
administrators and users update their system software
regularly, <application>system-config-packages</application>
is not often used. Users should instead use the
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> utility to install
new software.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-up2date">
<glossterm>up2date</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>up2date</application> application is a
utility for managing and updating software on &RHEL; and
&FED; systems. The <application>up2date</application>
application has been superseded by
<command>yum</command>-based utilities. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/"/>
for more information on managing software on your &FED;
system.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-vino">
<glossterm>vino</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>vino</command> utility is a variant of
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-vnc"/> used in &FC; 4 and beyond
for remote assistance and control.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-vnc">
<glossterm>VNC</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Virtual Network Computing, or
<application>VNC</application>, is communication software
that allows you to view and interact with another computer
over the network. &FED; includes VNC server and client
software, as well as the customized
<xref
linkend="gl-jb-vino"/> package. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://www.realvnc.com/"/> for more
information about VNC.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-xfs">
<glossterm>XFS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
XFS is a scalable journaling filesystem developed by SGI and
available for &FED; systems. Refer to
<ulink
url="http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/faq.html#whatisxfs"/>
for more information about XFS.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>X Window System</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The X Window System, or simply "X," is the underlying
technology for GNOME, KDE, and other graphical environments
used in &FED;. X is a network-based system for displaying
and communicating graphical input and output. It is very
flexible and is suitable for a wide variety of
configurations such as remote desktops and thin-client
applications.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-xen">
<glossterm>Xen</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Xen is an open source virtual machine monitor for Intel x86
machines which supports concurrent execution of multiple
guest operating systems. Using Xen, an administrator can set
up many virtual machines running on a single physical
computer. Any single virtual machine, while executing,
performs nearly as well as the physical system without Xen.
Xen may be used for testing software, providing large-scale
web hosting on limited hardware, any many other
applications.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-yum">
<glossterm>yum</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Yellow Dog Updater, or
<acronym>yum</acronym>
, is a complete software management utility for RPM-based
systems such as &FED;. It automatically determines software
requirements, or <firstterm>dependencies</firstterm>, and
uses this data to install, update, or remove packages. Refer
to
<ulink
url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/"/>
for more information about <command>yum</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
</glossdiv>
</glossary>
</article>
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