Author: pfrields
Update of /cvs/docs/install-guide/F-8/en_US In directory cvs-int.fedora.redhat.com:/tmp/cvs-serv1350/F-8/en_US
Added Files: abouttoinstall.xml acknowledgements.xml adminoptions.xml before-begin.xml beginninginstallation.xml bootloader.xml diskpartitioning.xml entities.xml expert-quickstart.xml firstboot.xml install-guide.xml installingpackages.xml intro.xml locale.xml medialess.xml networkconfig.xml new-users.xml nextsteps.xml old-intro.xml other-instmethods.xml packageselection.xml preparing-media.xml pxe-server.xml rootpassword.xml rpm-info.xml techref.xml timezone.xml upgrading.xml welcome.xml Log Message: Create F-8 branch dir; all new work for F-8 goes into devel branch, while this branch will be used for F-8 IG upkeep
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<chapter id="ch-abouttoinstall"> <title>About to Install</title>
<para> No changes are made to your computer until you click the <guilabel>Next</guilabel> button. If you abort the installation process after that point, the &FC; system will be incomplete and unusable. To return to previous screens to make different choices, select <guilabel>Back</guilabel>. To abort the installation, turn off the computer. </para>
<important> <title>Aborting Installation</title> <para> In certain situations, you may be unable to return to previous screens. &FC; notifies you of this restriction and allows you to abort the installation program. You may reboot with the installation media to start over. </para> </important> <para> Click <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to begin the installation. </para>
<!-- SE: Check this - it doesn't seem to happen on FC5 test2. <para> If your installation requires more than one disc, &FC; displays a list of all discs required to complete the process. If you do not have all of the necessary discs, select <guibutton>Reboot</guibutton> to abort the installation. Otherwise, choose <guibutton>Continue</guibutton> to proceed with installation. </para> -->
</chapter>
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<section id="sn-acknowledgements"> <title>Acknowledgements</title> <para> Many useful comments and suggestions were provided by Rahul Sundaram and the Anaconda team. David Neimi and Debra Deutsch contributed additional information on boot loader and RAID configurations. The sections on LVM benefited from the contributions of Bob McKay. </para> </section>
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<appendix id="ap-admin-options"> <title>Boot Options</title> <para> The &FED; installation system includes a range of functions and options for administrators. To use boot options, enter <userinput>linux <replaceable>option</replaceable></userinput> at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. </para> <para> If you specify more than one option, separate each of the options by a single space. For example: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux <replaceable>option1</replaceable> <replaceable>option2</replaceable> <replaceable>option3</replaceable></userinput> </screen> <note> <title>Rescue Mode</title>
<para> The &FED; installation and <firstterm>rescue discs</firstterm> may either boot with <firstterm>rescue mode</firstterm>, or load the installation system. For more information on rescue discs and rescue mode, refer to <xref linkend="sn-mode-rescue"/>. </para> </note> <section id="sn-bootoptions-installer"> <title>Configuring the Installation System at the Boot Menu</title>
<para> You can use the boot menu to specify a number of settings for the installation system, including: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> language </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> display resolution </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> interface type </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Installation method </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> network settings </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<section id="sn-boot-options-language"> <title>Specifying the Language</title>
<para> To set the language for both the installation process and the final system, specify the ISO code for that language with the <option>lang</option> option. Use the <option>keymap</option> option to configure the correct keyboard layout. </para>
<para> For example, the ISO codes <userinput>el_GR</userinput> and <userinput>gr</userinput> identify the Greek language and the Greek keyboard layout: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux lang=<replaceable>el_GR</replaceable> keymap=<replaceable>gr</replaceable></userinput> </screen> </section>
<section id="sn-boot-options-interface"> <title>Configuring the Interface</title>
<para> You may force the installation system to use the lowest possible screen resolution (640x480) with the <option>lowres</option> option. To use a specific display resolution, enter <option>resolution=<replaceable>setting</replaceable></option> as a boot option. For example, to set the display resolution to 1024x768, enter: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux resolution=<replaceable>1024x768</replaceable></userinput> </screen> <para> To run the installation process in <indexterm> <primary>text interface</primary> </indexterm> <option>text</option> mode, enter: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux text</userinput> </screen> <para> To enable support for a <indexterm> <primary>serial console</primary> </indexterm> serial console, enter <option>serial</option> as an additional option. </para>
</section>
<section id="sn-boot-options-installmethod"> <title>Specifying the Installation Method</title>
<para> Use the <option>askmethod</option> option to display additional menus that enable you to specify the installation method and network settings. You may also configure the installation method and network settings at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt itself. </para>
<para> To specify the installation method from the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, use the <option>method</option> option. Refer to <xref linkend="tb-installmethods"/> for the supported installation methods. </para> <table id="tb-installmethods"> <title>Installation Methods</title> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="Installation Method"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="Option Format"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Installation Method</entry> <entry>Option Format</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row> <entry> <para> CD or DVD drive </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>method=<replaceable>cdrom</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Hard Drive </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>method=<replaceable>hd://device/</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> HTTP Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>method=<replaceable>http://server.mydomain.com/directory/</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> FTP Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>method=<replaceable>ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> NFS Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>method=<replaceable>nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> </section>
<section id="sn-boot-options-network"> <title>Manually Configuring the Network Settings</title>
<para> By default, the installation system uses DHCP to automatically obtain the correct network settings. To manually configure the network settings yourself, either enter them in the <guilabel>Configure TCP/IP</guilabel> screen, or at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. You may specify the <option>ip</option> address, <option>netmask</option>, <option>gateway</option>, and <option>dns</option> server settings for the installation system at the prompt. If you specify the network configuration at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt, these settings are used for the installation process, and the <guilabel>Configure TCP/IP</guilabel> screen does not appear. </para>
<para> This example configures the network settings for an installation system that uses the IP address <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.1.10</systemitem>: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux ip=<replaceable>192.168.1.10</replaceable> netmask=<replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> gateway=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable> dns=<replaceable>192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3</replaceable></userinput> </screen> <note> <title>Configuring the Installed System</title>
<para> Use the Network Configuration screen to specify the network settings for the new system. Refer to <xref linkend="ch-networkconfig"/> for more information on configuring the network settings for the installed system. </para> </note> </section> </section> <section id="sn-remoteaccess-installation"> <title>Enabling Remote Access to the Installation System</title> <!-- SE: Note that there is also a "display" option that redirects anaconda's X display to an X server on another system. --> <para> You may access either graphical or text interfaces for the installation system from any other system. Access to a text mode display requires <command>telnet</command>, which is installed by default on &FED; systems. To remotely access the graphical display of an installation system, use client software that supports the <indexterm> <primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary> </indexterm> VNC (Virtual Network Computing) display protocol. A number of providers offer VNC clients for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS, as well as UNIX-based systems. </para> <tip> <title>Installing a VNC Client on &FED;</title> <para> <indexterm> <primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary> <secondary>installing client</secondary> </indexterm> &FED; includes <application>vncviewer</application>, the client provided by the developers of VNC. To obtain <application>vncviewer</application>, install the <filename>vnc</filename> package. </para> </tip> <para> The installation system supports two methods of establishing a VNC connection. You may start the installation, and manually login to the graphical display with a VNC client on another system. Alternatively, you may configure the installation system to automatically connect to a VNC client on the network that is running in <firstterm>listening mode</firstterm>. </para>
<section id="sn-remoteaccess-installation-vnc"> <title>Enabling Remote Access with VNC</title>
<para> <indexterm> <primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary> <secondary>enabling</secondary> </indexterm> To enable remote graphical access to the installation system, enter two options at the prompt: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux vnc vncpassword=<replaceable>qwerty</replaceable></userinput> </screen> <para> The <option>vnc</option> option enables the VNC service. The <option>vncpassword</option> option sets a password for remote access. The example shown above sets the password as <userinput>qwerty</userinput>. </para>
<note> <title>VNC Passwords</title>
<para> The VNC password must be at least six characters long. </para> </note>
<para> Specify the language, keyboard layout and network settings for the installation system with the screens that follow. You may then access the graphical interface through a VNC client. The installation system displays the correct connection setting for the VNC client: </para> <screen> <computeroutput><![CDATA[Starting VNC... The VNC server is now running. Please connect to computer.mydomain.com:1 to begin the install... Starting graphical installation... Press <enter> for a shell]]></computeroutput> </screen> <para> You may then login to the installation system with a VNC client. To run the <application>vncviewer</application> client on &FED;, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>VNC Viewer</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or type the command <application>vncviewer</application> in a terminal window. Enter the server and display number in the <guilabel>VNC Server</guilabel> dialog. For the example above, the <guilabel>VNC Server</guilabel> is <userinput>computer.mydomain.com:1</userinput>. </para> </section>
<section id="sn-remoteaccess-installation-vnclistener"> <title>Connecting the Installation System to a VNC Listener</title>
<para> To have the installation system automatically connect to a VNC client, first start the client in <indexterm> <primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary> <secondary>listening mode</secondary> </indexterm> listening mode. On &FED; systems, use the <option>-listen</option> option to run <application>vncviewer</application> as a listener. In a terminal window, enter the command: </para> <screen> <userinput>vncviewer -listen</userinput> </screen> <note> <title>Firewall Reconfiguration Required</title>
<para> By default, <application>vncviewer</application> uses TCP port 5500 when in listening mode. To permit connections to this port from other systems, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. Select <guilabel>Other ports</guilabel>, and <guibutton>Add</guibutton>. Enter <userinput>5500</userinput> in the <guilabel>Port(s)</guilabel> field, and specify <userinput>tcp</userinput> as the <guilabel>Protocol</guilabel>. </para> </note>
<para> Once the listening client is active, start the installation system and set the VNC options at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. In addition to <option>vnc</option> and <option>vncpassword</option> options, use the <option>vncconnect</option> option to specify the name or IP address of the system that has the listening client. To specify the TCP port for the listener, add a colon and the port number to the name of the system. </para>
<para> For example, to connect to a VNC client on the system <systemitem class="systemname">desktop.mydomain.com</systemitem> on the port 5500, enter the following at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux vnc vncpassword=<replaceable>qwerty</replaceable> vncconnect=<replaceable>desktop.mydomain.com:5500</replaceable></userinput> </screen> </section>
<section id="sn-telnet-installation"> <title>Enabling Remote Access with Telnet</title>
<para> To enable remote access to a text mode installation, use the <indexterm> <primary>Telnet</primary> </indexterm> <option>telnet</option> option at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt: </para> <!--SE: The "text" option is necessary to stop the installer switching to graphical mode and losing the telnet interface. This is expected behavior. --> <screen> <userinput>linux text telnet</userinput> </screen> <para> You may then connect to the installation system with the <command>telnet</command> utility. The <command>telnet</command> command requires the name or IP address of the installation system: </para> <screen> <userinput>telnet computer.mydomain.com</userinput> </screen> <caution> <title>Telnet Access Requires No Password</title>
<para> To ensure the security of the installation process, only use the <option>telnet</option> option to install systems on networks with restricted access. </para> </caution> </section> </section> <section id="sn-remote-logging"> <title>Logging to a Remote System During the Installation</title>
<para> By default, the installation process sends log messages to the console as they are generated. You may specify that these messages go to a remote system that runs a <indexterm> <primary>syslog</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>syslog</firstterm> service. </para>
<para> To configure remote logging, add the <option>syslog</option> option. Specify the IP address of the logging system, and the UDP port number of the log service on that system. By default, syslog services that accept remote messages listen on UDP port 514. </para>
<para> For example, to connect to a syslog service on the system <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.1.20</systemitem>, enter the following at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux syslog=<replaceable>192.168.1.20:514</replaceable></userinput> </screen> <section id="sn-remote-logging-logserver"> <title>Configuring a Log Server</title>
<para> &FED; uses <command>syslogd</command> to provide a syslog service. The default configuration of <command>syslogd</command> rejects messages from remote systems. </para>
<caution> <title>Only Enable Remote Syslog Access on Secured Networks</title>
<para> The <command>syslogd</command> service includes no security measures. Crackers may slow or crash systems that permit access to the logging service, by sending large quantities of false log messages. In addition, hostile users may intercept or falsify messages sent to the logging service over the network. </para> </caution>
<para> To configure a &FED; system to accept log messages from other systems on the network, edit the file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/syslog</filename>. You must use <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> privileges to edit the file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/syslog</filename>. Add the option <option>-r</option> to the <command>SYSLOGD_OPTIONS</command>: </para> <screen> <computeroutput>SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 <userinput>-r</userinput>"</computeroutput> </screen> <para> Restart the <command>syslogd</command> service to apply the change: </para> <screen> <userinput>su -c '/sbin/service syslog restart'</userinput> </screen> <para> Enter the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password when prompted. </para>
<note> <title>Firewall Reconfiguration Required</title>
<para> By default, the syslog service listens on UDP port 514. To permit connections to this port from other systems, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. Select <guilabel>Other ports</guilabel>, and <guibutton>Add</guibutton>. Enter <userinput>514</userinput> in the <guilabel>Port(s)</guilabel> field, and specify <userinput>udp</userinput> as the <guilabel>Protocol</guilabel>. </para> </note> </section> </section> <section id="sn-automating-installation"> <title>Automating the Installation with Kickstart</title>
<para> A <indexterm> <primary>Kickstart</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>Kickstart</firstterm> file specifies settings for an installation. Once the installation system boots, it can read a Kickstart file and carry out the installation process without any further input from a user. </para> <tip> <title>Every Installation Produces a Kickstart File</title> <para> The &FED; installation process automatically writes a Kickstart file that contains the settings for the installed system. This file is always saved as <filename>/root/anaconda-ks.cfg</filename>. You may use this file to repeat the installation with identical settings, or modify copies to specify settings for other systems. </para> </tip> <para> &FED; includes a graphical application to create and modify Kickstart files by selecting the options that you require. Use the package <filename>system-config-kickstart</filename> to install this utility. To load the &FED; Kickstart editor, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Kickstart</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. </para>
<para> Kickstart files list installation settings in plain text, with one option per line. This format lets you modify your Kickstart files with any text editor, and write scripts or applications that generate custom Kickstart files for your systems. </para>
<para> To automate the installation process with a Kickstart file, use the <option>ks</option> option to specify the name and location of the file: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux ks=<replaceable>location/kickstart-file.cfg</replaceable></userinput> </screen> <para> You may use Kickstart files that are held on either removable storage, a hard drive, or a network server. Refer to <xref linkend="tb-kssources"/> for the supported Kickstart sources. </para> <table id="tb-kssources"> <title>Kickstart Sources</title> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="Kickstart Source"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="Option Format"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Kickstart Source</entry> <entry>Option Format</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row> <entry> <para> CD or DVD drive </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ks=<replaceable>cdrom:/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Hard Drive </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ks=<replaceable>hd:/device/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Other Device </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ks=<replaceable>file:/device/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> HTTP Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ks=<replaceable>http://server.mydomain.com/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> FTP Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ks=<replaceable>ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> NFS Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ks=<replaceable>nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/ks.cfg</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <para> To obtain a Kickstart file from a script or application on a Web server, specify the URL of the application with the <option>ks=</option> option. If you add the option <option>kssendmac</option>, the request also sends HTTP headers to the Web application. Your application can use these headers to identify the computer. This line sends a request with headers to the application <wordasword>http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi</wordasword>: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux ks=http://server.mydomain.com/kickstart.cgi kssendmac</userinput> </screen> </section> <section id="sn-bootoptions-hardware"> <title>Enhancing Hardware Support</title>
<para> By default, &FED; attempts to automatically detect and configure support for all of the components of your computer. &FED; supports the majority of hardware in common use with the software <firstterm>drivers</firstterm> that are included with the operating system. To support other devices you may supply additional drivers during the installation process, or at a later time. </para>
<section id="sn-bootoptions-driverdisks"> <title>Adding Hardware Support with Driver Disks</title> <!-- SE: This section is untested - there seem to be very few driver disks for Fedora. --> <para> The installation system can load drivers from disks, pen drives, or network servers to configure support for new devices. After the installation is complete, remove any driver disks and store them for later use. </para>
<para> Hardware manufacturers may supply <indexterm> <primary>driver disks</primary> </indexterm> driver disks for &FED; with the device, or provide image files to prepare the disks. To obtain the latest drivers, download the correct file from the website of the manufacturer. </para>
<note> <title>Driver Disks Supplied as Zipped Files</title>
<para> Driver disk images may be distributed as compressed archives, or zip files. For identification, the names of zip files include the extensions <filename>.zip</filename>, or <filename>.tar.gz</filename>. To extract the contents of a zipped file with a &FED; system, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Archive Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. </para> </note>
<para> To format a disk or pen drive with an image file, use the <command>dd</command> utility. For example, to prepare a diskette with the image file <filename>drivers.img</filename>, enter this command in a terminal window: </para> <screen> <userinput>dd if=drivers.img of=/dev/fd0</userinput> </screen> <para> To use a driver disk in the installation process, specify the <option>dd</option> option at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt: </para> <screen> <userinput>linux dd</userinput> </screen> <para> When prompted, select <guibutton>Yes</guibutton> to provide a driver disk. Choose the drive that holds the driver disk from the list on the <guilabel>Driver Disk Source</guilabel> text screen. </para>
<para> The installation system can also read drivers from disk images that are held on network servers. Refer to <xref linkend="tb-driversources"/> for the supported sources of driver disk image files. </para> <table id="tb-driversources"> <title>Driver Disk Image Sources</title> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="Image Source"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="Option Format"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Image Source</entry> <entry>Option Format</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row> <entry> <para> Select a drive or device </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>dd</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> HTTP Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>dd=<replaceable>http://server.mydomain.com/directory/drivers.img</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> FTP Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>dd=<replaceable>ftp://server.mydomain.com/directory/drivers.img</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> NFS Server </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>dd=<replaceable>nfs:server.mydomain.com:/directory/drivers.img</replaceable></option> </para> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> </section>
<section id="sn-bootoptions-hwdetection"> <title>Overriding Automatic Hardware Detection</title>
<para> For some models of device automatic hardware configuration may fail, or cause instability. In these cases, you may need to disable automatic configuration for that type of device, and take additional steps to manually configure the device after the installation process is complete. </para> <tip> <title>Check the Release Notes</title> <para> Refer to the Release Notes for information on known issues with specific devices. </para> </tip> <para> To override the automatic hardware detection, use one or more of the following options: </para> <table id="tb-hwoptions"> <title>Hardware Options</title> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec colnum="1" colname="Compatibility Setting"/> <colspec colnum="2" colname="Option"/> <thead> <row> <entry>Compatibility Setting</entry> <entry>Option</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row> <entry> <para> Disable all hardware detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>noprobe</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable graphics, keyboard, and mouse detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>headless</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable automatic monitor detection (DDC) </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>skipddc</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable mainboard APIC </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>noapic</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable power management (ACPI) </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>acpi=off</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable Direct Memory Access (DMA) for IDE drives </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>ide=nodma</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable BIOS-assisted RAID </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>nodmraid</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable Firewire device detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>nofirewire</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable parallel port detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>noparport</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable PC Card (PCMCIA) device detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>nopcmcia</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable USB storage device detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>nousbstorage</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Disable all USB device detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>nousb</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Force Firewire device detection </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>firewire</option> </para> </entry> </row> <row> <entry> <para> Prompt user for ISA device configuration </para> </entry> <entry> <para> <option>isa</option> </para> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <note> <title>Additional Screen</title>
<para> The <option>isa</option> option causes the system to display an additional text screen at the beginning of the installation process. Use this screen to configure the ISA devices on your computer. </para> </note> </section> </section>
<section id="sn-boot-modes"> <title>Using the Maintenance Boot Modes</title>
<section id="sn-memtest"> <title>Loading the Memory (RAM) Testing Mode</title>
<para> Faults in memory modules may cause your system to freeze or crash unpredictably. In some cases, memory faults may only cause errors with particular combinations of software. For this reason, you should test the memory of a computer before you install &DISTRO; for the first time, even if it has previously run other operating systems. </para>
<para> &DISTRO; includes the <application>Memtest86</application> memory testing application. To boot your computer in <indexterm> <primary>memory testing mode</primary> </indexterm> memory testing mode, choose <guimenuitem>Memory test</guimenuitem> at the boot menu. The first test starts immediately. By default, <application>Memtest86</application> carries out a total of ten tests. </para>
<para> To halt the tests and reboot your computer, enter <keycap>Esc</keycap> at any time. </para> </section>
<section id="sn-mode-rescue"> <title>Booting Your Computer with the Rescue Mode</title> <indexterm> <primary>rescue mode</primary> </indexterm> <para> You may boot a command-line Linux system from either a <indexterm> <primary>rescue discs</primary> </indexterm> rescue disc or an installation disc, without installing &FED; on the computer. This enables you to use the utilities and functions of a running Linux system to modify or repair systems that are already installed on your computer. </para>
<para> The rescue disc starts the rescue mode system by default. To load the rescue system with the installation disc, choose <guimenuitem>Rescue installed system</guimenuitem> from the boot menu. </para> <para> Specify the language, keyboard layout and network settings for the rescue system with the screens that follow. The final setup screen configures access to the existing system on your computer. </para>
<para> By default, rescue mode attaches an existing operating system to the rescue system under the directory <filename>/mnt/sysimage/</filename>. </para> </section> </section>
</appendix>
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<chapter id="ch-before-begin"> <title>Before You Begin</title>
<para> Before you install &FC;, you need access to: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> boot or installation media (refer to <xref linkend="ch-preparing-media"/> for more information) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> information about your network configuration </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> a copy of this &IG; and the Release Notes for this version of &FC; </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> The Release Notes specify the hardware requirements for &FC; &FCLOCALVER;. They also provide advice on any known problems with particular hardware and software configurations. </para>
<para> The Release Notes are available on the first disc in HTML and plain text format. The latest versions of this &IG; and the Release Notes are available at &FDPDOCS-URL;. </para>
<section id="sn-installing-storage-configurations"> <title>Storage</title> <!-- SE: There may also be additional considerations when installing on machines backed by a SAN. --> <para> A &FED; system requires a minimum of 700 MB storage for a command-line system. A desktop system with the default applications requires at least 3 GB of storage. You may install multiple copies of &FED; on the same computer. </para>
<para> Configure any RAID functions provided by the mainboard of your computer, or attached controller cards, before you begin the installation process. &FED; can automatically detect many RAID devices and use any storage they provide. </para> </section>
<section id="sn-installing-network-configurations"> <title>Networking</title>
<para> By default, &FC; systems attempt to discover correct connection settings for the attached network using <indexterm> <primary>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</firstterm>, or <firstterm><acronym>DHCP</acronym></firstterm>. Your network may include a DHCP provider which delivers settings to other systems on demand. The DHCP provider may be a router or wireless access point for the network, or a server. </para>
<para> In some circumstances you may need to provide information about your network during the installation process. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-installing-networkinstallation" /> and <xref linkend="sn-installing-managed-network" /> for more information. </para>
<note> <title>Modem Configuration</title>
<para> The installation system for &FC; does not configure modems. If your computer has a modem, configure the dialing settings after you complete the installation and reboot. </para> </note> </section>
<section id="sn-installing-networkinstallation"> <title>Installing from a Server or Web Site</title>
<para> You may install &FC; using a <firstterm>mirror</firstterm>, a Web site or network server that provide a copy of the necessary files. To use a mirror, you need to know: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> the name of the server </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> the network protocol used for installation (FTP, HTTP, or NFS) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> the path to the installation files on the server </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> You may install &FC; from your own private mirror, or use one of the public mirrors maintained by members of the community. To ensure that the connection is as fast and reliable as possible, use a server that is close to your own geographical location. </para>
<para> The &FP; maintains a list of HTTP and FTP public mirrors, sorted by region, at <ulink url="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist"/>. To determine the complete directory path for the installation files, add <filename>/&FCLOCALVER;/<replaceable>architecture</replaceable>/os/</filename> to the path shown on the web page. If your computer uses the <systemitem>ppc</systemitem> architecture, for instance, add <filename class="directory">/&FCLOCALVER;/ppc/os/</filename> to the path shown. </para> <tip> <title>Building Your Own Mirror</title> <para> Refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mirror/"/> for information on how to create your own &FED; mirror for either public or private use. </para> </tip> <para> To use a mirror, boot your computer with &FED; boot media, and follow the instructions in <xref linkend="ch-other-install-methods"/>. Refer to <xref linkend="ch-preparing-media"/> for more information on creating the boot media. </para>
<note> <title>Using the Installation Discs</title>
<para> If you boot your computer with an installation DVD, the first installation CD, or another bootable &FED; CD, enter <userinput>linux askmethod</userinput> at the <prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt to access the server installation options. </para> </note>
<para> If your network includes a server, you may also use <firstterm>PXE</firstterm> (Pre-boot eXecution Environment) to boot your computer. PXE (also referred to as <firstterm>netboot</firstterm>) is a standard that enables PCs to use files on a server as a boot device. &FC; includes utilities that allow it to function as a PXE server for other computers. You can use this option to install &FC; on a PXE-enabled computer entirely over the network connection, using no physical media at all. </para> </section>
<section id="sn-installing-managed-network"> <title>Installing &FC; on a Managed Network</title>
<para> Some corporate networks include a <firstterm>directory service</firstterm> that manages user accounts for the organization. &FC; systems can join a Kerberos, NIS, Hesiod, or <trademark class="registered">Microsoft</trademark> <trademark class="registered">Windows</trademark> domain as part of the installation process. &FC; can also use LDAP directories. </para>
<!-- <para> The process of configuring your &FC; system to use network authentication services is explained in a separate tutorial. </para>
[When this tutorial exists, remove these comments.]
-->
<caution> <title>Consult Network Administrators</title>
<para> Always consult the administrators before you install a &FC; system on an existing network owned by someone besides yourself. They can provide correct network and authentication settings, and guidance on specific organizational policies and requirements. </para> </caution> </section> </chapter>
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<!-- $Id: --> <chapter id="ch-beginninginstallation"> <title>Beginning the Installation</title>
<note> <title>Aborting the Installation</title> <para> To abort the installation process at any time before the <guilabel>Installing Packages</guilabel> screen, either press <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Del</keycap></keycombo> or power off the computer with the power switch. &FED; makes no changes to your computer until package installation begins. </para> </note> <section id="sn-boot-menu"> <title>The Boot Menu</title> <para>The boot media displays a graphical boot menu with several options. If no key is hit within 60 seconds, the default boot option runs. To choose the default, either wait for the timer to run out or hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> on the keyboard. To select a different option than the default, use the arrow keys on your keyboard, and hit <keycap>Enter</keycap> when the correct option is highlighted. If you want to customize the boot options for a particular option, hit the <keycap>Tab</keycap> key.</para> <tip> <title>Using Boot Options</title> <para>For a listing and explanation of common boot options, refer to <xref linkend="ap-admin-options"/>.</para> </tip> <para>If you boot the Live CD, the options include:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Run from image</title> <para>This option is the default. If you select this option, only the kernel and startup programs load into memory. This option takes less time to load. As you use programs, they are loaded from the disc, which takes more time. This mode can be used on machines with less total memory.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Run from RAM</title> <para>If you select this option, the Live CD environment loads entirely into memory. This option takes longer to load, since the entire CD is loaded at one time. As you use programs later, they are loaded directly from memory, which results in a more responsive environment. This mode can only be used on machines with at least 1 GB of RAM.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Verify and run from image</title> <para>This option lets you verify the disc before you run the Live CD environment. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-verifying-media"/> for more information on the verification process.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>If you boot the DVD, rescue CD, or minimal boot media, the boot menu options include:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Install or upgrade an existing system</title> <para>This option is the default. Choose this option to install &DISTRO; onto your computer system using the graphical installation program.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Install or upgrade an existing system (text mode)</title> <para>Choose this option to install &DISTRO; onto your computer system using the text-based installation program. If your computer system has problems using the graphical installation program, you can install the system with this option. Installing with this option does <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent you from using a graphical interface on the system once it is installed.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Rescue installed system</title> <para>Choose this option to repair a problem with your installed &DISTRO; system that prevents you from booting normally. Although &DISTRO; is an exceptionally stable computing platform, it is still possible for occasional problems to occur that prevent booting. The rescue environment contains utility programs that allow you fix a wide variety of these problems.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Boot from local drive</title> <para>After you boot from the &DISTRO; media, if you decide you need to boot your system from its existing hard disk, choose this option.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </section> <section id="sn-install-diff-source"> <title>Installing from a Different Source</title> <para>All boot media except the distribution DVD present a menu that allows you to choose the installation source, such as the network or a hard disk. If you are booting the distribution DVD and do not want to install from the DVD, hit <keycap>Tab</keycap> at the boot menu. Add a space and the option <option>askmethod</option> to the end of the line that appears below the menu.</para> <para>You can install &DISTRO; from the ISO images stored on hard disk, or from a network using NFS, FTP, or HTTP methods. Experienced users frequently use one of these methods because it is often faster to read data from a hard disk or network server than from a CD or DVD.</para> <para>The following table summarizes the different boot methods and recommended installation methods to use with each:</para> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>Boot Method</segtitle> <segtitle>Installation Method</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg>DVD</seg> <seg>DVD, network, or hard disk</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Minimal boot CD or USB, rescue CD</seg> <seg>Network or hard disk</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Live CD or USB</seg> <seg><application>Install to Hard Disk</application> application</seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> <para><xref linkend="ch-other-install-methods"/> contains detailed information about installing from alternate locations. </para> </section> <section id="sn-verifying-media"> <title>Verifying Media</title> <para>The distribution DVD media and the Live CD media offer an option to verify the integrity of the media. Recording errors sometimes occur while producing CD or DVD media in home computer equipment. An error in the data for package chosen in the installation program can cause the installation to abort. To minimize the chances of data errors affecting the installation, verify the media before installing.</para> <section id="sn-verifying-livecd"> <title>Verifying the Live CD</title> <para>If you boot from the Live CD, choose <guilabel>Verify and run from image</guilabel> from the boot menu. The verification process runs automatically during the boot process, and if it succeeds, the Live CD continues loading. If the verification fails, create a new Live CD using the ISO image you downloaded earlier.</para> </section> <section id="sn-verifying-dvd"> <title>Verifying the DVD</title> <para>If you boot from the &DISTRO; distribution DVD, the option to verify the media appears after you choose to install &DISTRO;. If the verification succeeds, the installation process proceeds normally. If the process fails, create a new DVD using the ISO image you downloaded earlier.</para> </section> </section>
<section id="sn-booting-from-pxe"> <title>Booting from the Network using PXE</title>
<para> To boot with <indexterm> <primary>PXE (Pre-boot eXecution Environment)</primary> </indexterm> PXE, you need a properly configured server, and a network interface in your computer that supports PXE. For information on how to configure a PXE server, refer to <xref linkend="ap-install-server"/>. </para>
<para> Configure the computer to boot from the network interface. This option is in the BIOS, and may be labeled <option>Network Boot</option> or <option>Boot Services</option>. Once you properly configure PXE booting, the computer can boot the &FED; installation system without any other media. </para>
<para> To boot a computer from a PXE server: </para>
<procedure> <step> <para> Ensure that the network cable is attached. The link indicator light on the network socket should be lit, even if the computer is not switched on. </para> </step> <step> <para> Switch on the computer. </para> </step> <step> <para> A menu screen appears. Press the number key that corresponds to the desired option. </para> </step> </procedure>
<note> <title>PXE Troubleshooting</title> <para> If your PC does not boot from the netboot server, ensure that the BIOS is configured to boot first from the correct network interface. Some BIOS systems specify the network interface as a possible boot device, but do not support the PXE standard. Refer to your hardware documentation for more information. </para> </note>
</section> <section id="sn-graphics-problem"> <title>Graphical and Text Interfaces</title> <para>If one of the following situations occurs, the installation program uses a text mode:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>The installation system fails to identify the display hardware on your computer</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Your computer has less than 192 MB of RAM</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>You choose the text mode installation from the boot menu</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>The text screens provide the same functions as the standard screens. You can configure your system for graphical interface use after installation.</para> <important> <title>Graphical Interface Usage</title> <para>Installing in text mode does <emphasis>not</emphasis> prevent you from using a graphical interface on your system once it is installed. If you have trouble configuring your system for graphical interface use, consult other sources for troubleshooting help as shown in <xref linkend="sn-additional-help"/>.</para> </important> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-bootloader"> <title>Boot Loader</title> <para> A <firstterm>boot loader</firstterm> is a small program that reads and launches the operating system. &FC; uses the <indexterm> <primary>GRUB</primary> <secondary>configuring</secondary> <seealso>boot loader</seealso> </indexterm> <application>GRUB</application> boot loader by default. If you have multiple operating systems, the boot loader determines which one to boot, usually by offering a menu. </para> <para> You may have a boot loader installed on your system already. An operating system may install its own preferred boot loader, or you may have installed a third-party boot loader.If your boot loader does not recognize Linux partitions, you may not be able to boot &FC;. Use <application>GRUB</application> as your boot loader to boot Linux and most other operating systems. Follow the directions in this chapter to install <application>GRUB</application>. </para> <warning> <title>Installing GRUB</title>
<para> If you install GRUB, it may overwrite your existing boot loader. </para> </warning> <section id="sn-bootloader-config-change"> <title>Keeping Your Existing Boot Loader Settings</title>
<para> By default, the installation program installs GRUB in the <firstterm>master boot record</firstterm>, <indexterm> <primary>master boot record</primary> </indexterm> or <abbrev>MBR</abbrev>, of the device for the root file system. To decline installation of a new boot loader, select <guilabel>No boot loader will be installed</guilabel>. </para> <important> <title>Boot Loader Required</title>
<para> Your computer must have <application>GRUB</application> or another boot loader installed in order to start, unless you create a separate startup disk to boot from. <!-- FIXME: Add reference to startup disk elsewhere in the IG. PWF. --> </para> </important>
<para> You may need to customize the GRUB installation to correctly support some hardware or system configurations. To specify compatibility settings, select <guilabel>Configure advanced boot loader options</guilabel>. This causes a second screen of options to appear when you choose <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. <xref linkend="sn-bootloader-advanced"/> explains the features of the additional screen. </para> </section> <section id="sn-bootloader-others"> <title>Booting Additional Operating Systems</title>
<para> If you have other operating systems already installed, &FC; attempts to automatically detect and configure <application>GRUB</application> to boot them. You may manually configure any additional operating systems if <application>GRUB</application> does not detect them.</para> <!-- <important> <title>GRUB and Microsoft Vista</title> <para>Due to architectural changes made by Microsoft, the <application>GRUB</application> boot loader cannot load Microsoft Vista operating systems.</para> </important> FIXME: Need to find out if this is correct before adding it. --> <para>To add, remove, or change the detected operating system settings, use the options provided.</para>
<variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><guibutton>Add</guibutton></term> <listitem> <para> Select <guibutton>Add</guibutton> to include an additional operating system in GRUB. </para> <para> Select the disk partition which contains the bootable operating system from the drop-down list and give the entry a label. <application>GRUB</application> displays this label in its boot menu. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guibutton>Edit</guibutton></term> <listitem> <para> To change an entry in the GRUB boot menu, select the entry and then select <guibutton>Edit</guibutton>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guibutton>Delete</guibutton></term> <listitem> <para> To remove an entry from the GRUB boot menu, select the entry and then select <guibutton>Delete</guibutton>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </section> <section id="sn-bootloader-password"> <title>Setting a Boot Loader Password</title>
<para> <application>GRUB</application> reads many file systems without the help of an operating system. An operator can interrupt the booting sequence to choose a different operating system to boot, change boot options, or recover from a system error. However, these functions may introduce serious security risks in some environments. You can add a password to <application>GRUB</application> so that the operator must enter the password to interrupt the normal boot sequence. </para> <tip> <title>GRUB Passwords Not Required</title> <para> You may not require a <application>GRUB</application> password if your system only has trusted operators, or is physically secured with controlled console access. However, if an untrusted person can get physical access to your computer's keyboard and monitor, that person can reboot the system and access <application>GRUB</application>. A password is helpful in this case. </para> </tip> <para> To set a boot password, select the <guibutton>Use a boot loader password</guibutton> check box. The <guibutton>Change password</guibutton> button will become active. Select <guibutton>Change password</guibutton> to display an entry dialog. Type the desired password, and then confirm it by typing it again in the spaces provided. </para> <tip> <title>Choose a Good Password</title> <para> Choose a password that is easy for you to remember but hard for others to guess. </para> </tip> <section id="sn-forgotten-grub-pass"> <title>Forgotten <application>GRUB</application> Passwords</title>
<para> <application>GRUB</application> stores the password in encrypted form, so it <emphasis>cannot</emphasis> be read or recovered. If you forget the boot password, boot the system normally and then change the password entry in the <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> file. If you cannot boot, you may be able to use the "rescue" mode on the first &FC; installation disc to reset the GRUB password. </para>
<para> If you do need to change the <application>GRUB</application> password, use the <command>grub-md5-crypt</command> utility. For information on using this utility, use the command <command>man grub-md5-crypt</command> in a terminal window to read the manual pages. </para> </section> </section> <section id="sn-bootloader-advanced"> <title>Advanced Boot Loader Options</title>
<para> The default boot options are adequate for most situations. The installation program writes the <application>GRUB</application> boot loader in the <indexterm> <primary>master boot record</primary> </indexterm> master boot record (<abbrev>MBR</abbrev>), overwriting any existing boot loader. </para>
<para> You may keep your current boot loader in the <abbrev>MBR</abbrev> and install GRUB as a secondary boot loader. If you choose this option, the installer program will write GRUB to the first sector of the Linux <filename>/boot</filename> partition. </para>
<note> <title>GRUB as a Secondary Boot Loader</title> <para> If you install GRUB as a secondary boot loader, you must reconfigure your primary boot loader whenever you install and boot from a new kernel. The kernel of an operating system such as Microsoft Windows does not boot in the same fashion. Most users therefore use GRUB as the primary boot loader on dual-boot systems. </para> </note>
<para> You may also need the advanced options if your <abbrev>BIOS</abbrev> enumerates your drives or RAID arrays differently than &FC; expects. If necessary, use the <guibutton>Change Drive Order</guibutton> dialog to set the order of the devices in &FC; to match your BIOS. </para>
<para> On a few systems, &FC; may not configure the disk drive geometry for large disks correctly because of limitations within the <abbrev>BIOS</abbrev>. To work around this problem, mark the <guibutton>Force LBA32</guibutton> check box. </para>
<para> The Linux kernel usually auto-detects its environment correctly, and no additional kernel parameters are needed. However, you may provide any needed kernel parameter using the advanced boot loader options. </para>
<note> <title>Kernel Parameters</title>
<para> For a partial list of the kernel command line parameters, type the following command in a terminal window: <userinput>man bootparam</userinput>. For a comprehensive and authoritative list, refer to the documentation provided in the kernel sources. </para> </note>
<para> To alter any of these settings, mark the <guibutton>Configure advanced boot loader options</guibutton> check box. Select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> and the advanced boot options menu appears. </para>
<note> <title>Optional Menu</title>
<para> &FC; displays the advanced boot options menu <emphasis>only</emphasis> if the advanced configuration check box described above has been selected. </para> </note> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-disk-partitioning"> <title>Disk Partitioning</title> <para> &FC; creates and uses several <firstterm>partitions</firstterm> on the available hard drives. You may customize both the partitions, and how the drives on your system are managed. <xref linkend="sn-partitioning-general"/> explains drive partitions in more detail. </para> <note> <title>Changing Your Mind</title> <para> The installation process makes no changes to your system until package installation begins. You may use <guibutton>Back</guibutton> to return to previous screens and change your selections at any time. </para> </note> <para> The on-screen dialog lists the available drives. By default, the installation process may affect all of the drives on your computer. To prevent the installation program from repartitioning specific drives, clear the check box next to those drives on this list. </para> <para> The installation process erases any existing Linux partitions on the selected drives, and replaces them with the default set of partitions for &FC;. All other types of partitions remain unchanged. For example, partitions used by Microsoft Windows, and system recovery partitions created by the computer manufacturer, are both left intact. You may choose an alternative from the drop-down list: </para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> If the selected hard disks are brand new, or if you want to destroy all data currently on the selected drives, use this option. This option removes all partitions on all selected drives, even those used by non-Linux operating systems. </para> <warning> <title>This Option Destroys All Data</title> <para>Once you have selected all installation options and proceed, all data on the selected drives will be destroyed. <emphasis>Use this option with caution.</emphasis></para> </warning> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Remove linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> If the selected drives have any Linux partitions, this option removes them and installs &FC; into the resulting free space. This option does not modify partitions assigned to other non-Linux operating systems. It does not discriminate, however, between partitions assigned to different Linux distributions, and will remove all of them. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Use free space on selected drives and create default layout</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> If the selected drives have free space that has not been assigned to a partition, this option installs &FC; into the free space. This option ensures that no existing partition is modified by the installation process. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Create custom layout</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> You manually specify the partitioning on the selected drives. The next screen enables you to configure the drives and partitions for your computer. If you choose this option, &FC; creates no partitions by default. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <para> Select <guilabel>Review and modify partitioning layout</guilabel> to customize the set of partitions that &FC; creates, to configure your system to use drives in RAID arrays, or to modify the boot options for your computer. If you choose one of the alternative partitioning options, this is automatically selected. </para> <para> Use the <guilabel>Advanced storage options</guilabel> option if: <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>You want to install &FC; to a drive connected through the <firstterm>iSCSI</firstterm> protocol. Select <guilabel>Advanced storage options</guilabel>, then select <guilabel>Add iSCSI target</guilabel>, then select <guilabel>Add drive</guilabel>. Provide an IP address and the iSCSI initiator name, and select <guilabel>Add drive</guilabel>. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>You want to disable a <firstterm>dmraid</firstterm> device that was detected at boot time. <!-- Need more here, but how? PWF. --></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </para> <para> Choose a partitioning option, and select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> to proceed. </para> <note> <title>The Next Screen</title>
<para> The next screen is <guilabel>Network Devices</guilabel>, explained <xref linkend="ch-networkconfig"/>, unless you select an option to customize the partition layout. If you choose to either <guilabel>Create custom layout</guilabel>, or <guilabel>Review and modify partitioning layout</guilabel>, proceed to <xref linkend="sn-partitioning-general"/>. </para> </note> <section id="sn-partitioning-raid"> <title>RAID and Other Disk Devices</title> <section id="sn-partitioning-raid-hw"> <title>Hardware RAID</title> <indexterm> <primary>RAID</primary> <secondary>hardware</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>array</primary> <see>RAID</see> </indexterm> <para> <firstterm>RAID</firstterm>, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, allows a group, or <firstterm>array</firstterm>, of drives to act as a single device. Configure any RAID functions provided by the mainboard of your computer, or attached controller cards, before you begin the installation process. Each active RAID array appears as one drive within &FED;. </para> <!-- SE: Note that this chapter uses the term "Linux software RAID" to differentiate RAID provided by the kernel from the functions of ATA RAID controllers, which are often also called "software RAID". Unfortunately. --> <para> On systems with more than one hard drive you may configure &FC; to operate several of the drives as a Linux RAID array without requiring any additional hardware. </para> </section> <section id="sn-partitioning-raid-sw"> <title>Software RAID</title> <para>You can use the &DISTRO; installation program to create Linux software RAID arrays, where RAID functions are controlled by the operating system rather than dedicated hardware. These functions are explained in detail in <xref linkend="sn-disk-druid"/>.</para> </section> <section id="sn-partitioning-fw-usb"> <title>FireWire and USB Disks</title> <para>Some FireWire and USB hard disks may not be recognized by the &DISTRO; installation system. If configuration of these disks at installation time is not vital, disconnect them to avoid any confusion.</para> <tip> <title>Post-installation Usage</title> <para>You can connect and configure external FireWire and USB hard disks after installation. Most such devices are recognized by the kernel and available for use at that time.</para> </tip> </section> </section> <section id="sn-partitioning-general"> <title>General Information on Partitions</title>
<para> A &FC; system has at least three partitions: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> A <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> A <filename class="partition">/</filename> partition </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> A <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> Many systems have more partitions than the minimum listed above. Choose partitions based on your particular system needs. For example, consider creating a separate <filename class="partition">/home</filename> partition on systems that store user data. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-partitioning-advice"/> for more information. </para>
<para> If you are not sure how best to configure the partitions for your computer, accept the default partition layout. </para>
<para> The RAM installed in your computer provides a pool of memory for running systems. Linux systems use <indexterm> <primary>swap partitions</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>swap partitions</firstterm> to expand this pool, by automatically moving portions of memory between RAM and swap partitions if insufficient RAM is available. In addition, certain power management features store all of the memory for a suspended system in the available swap partitions. If you manually specify the partitions on your system, create one swap partition that has more capacity than the computer RAM. </para>
<para> Data partitions provide storage for files. Each data partition has a <indexterm> <primary>mount point</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>mount point</firstterm>, to indicate the system directory whose contents reside on that partition. A partition with no mount point is not accessible by users. Data not located on any other partition resides in the <filename class="partition">/</filename> (or <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>root</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>root</firstterm>) partition. </para>
<important> <title>Root and <filename class="directory">/root</filename></title>
<para> The <filename class="partition">/</filename> (or <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>root</secondary> </indexterm> root) partition is the top of the directory structure. The <indexterm> <primary><filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory</primary> </indexterm> <filename class="directory">/root</filename> (sometimes pronounced "slash-root") directory is the home directory of the user account for system administration. </para> </important>
<para> In the minimum configuration shown above: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> All data under the <filename class="directory">/boot/</filename> directory resides on the <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition. For example, the file <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> resides on the <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Any file outside of the <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition, such as <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, resides on the <filename class="partition">/</filename> partition. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> Subdirectories may be assigned to partitions as well. Some administrators create both <filename class="partition">/usr</filename> and <filename class="partition">/usr/local</filename> partitions. In that case, files under <filename class="directory">/usr/local</filename>, such as <filename>/usr/local/bin/foo</filename>, are on the <filename class="partition">/usr/local</filename> partition. Any other files in <filename class="directory">/usr/</filename>, such as <filename>/usr/bin/foo</filename>, are in the <filename class="partition">/usr</filename> partition. </para>
<para> If you create many partitions instead of one large <filename class="partition">/</filename> partition, upgrades become easier. Refer to the description of <application>Disk Druid's</application> <link linkend="disk-druid-edit">Edit option</link> for more information. </para> <tip> <title>Leave Excess Capacity Unallocated</title> <para> Only assign storage capacity to those partitions you require immediately. You may allocate free space at any time, to meet needs as they occur. To learn about a more flexible method for storage management, refer to <xref linkend="sn-partitioning-lvm"/>. </para> </tip> <section id="sn-partitioning-types"> <title>Partition Types</title>
<para> Every partition has a <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>type</secondary> <seealso>file system</seealso> </indexterm> <firstterm>partition type</firstterm>, to indicate the format of the <indexterm> <primary>file system</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>file system</firstterm> on that partition. The file system enables Linux to organize, search, and retrieve files stored on that partition. Use the <indexterm> <primary><systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem> </primary> <see>file system</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>file system</primary> <secondary sortas="filesystem"><systemitem>ext3</systemitem> </secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm><systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem></firstterm> file system for data partitions that are not part of LVM, unless you have specific needs that require another type of file system. </para> </section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-minimums"> <title>Minimum Partition Sizes</title> <para>The following table summarizes minimum partition sizes for the partitions containing the listed directories. You <emphasis>do not</emphasis> have to make a separate partition for each of these directories. For instance, if the partition containing <filename class="directory">/foo</filename> must be at least 500 MB, and you do not make a separate <filename class="partition">/foo</filename> partition, then the <filename class="partition">/</filename> (root) partition must be at least 500 MB.</para> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>Directory</segtitle> <segtitle>Minimum size</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="directory">/</filename></seg> <seg>250 MB</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="directory">/usr</filename></seg> <seg>250 MB</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="directory">/tmp</filename></seg> <seg>50 MB</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="directory">/var</filename></seg> <seg>384 MB</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="directory">/home</filename></seg> <seg>100 MB</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="directory">/boot</filename></seg> <seg>75 MB</seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> </section> </section> <section id="sn-partitioning-lvm"> <title>Understanding LVM</title> <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> <secondary>understanding</secondary> </indexterm> <para> LVM (Logical Volume Management) partitions provide a number of advantages over standard partitions. LVM partitions are formatted as <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> <secondary>physical volume</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>physical volumes</firstterm>. One or more physical volumes are combined to form a <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> <secondary>volume group</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>volume group</firstterm>. Each volume group's total storage is then divided into one or more <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> <secondary>logical volume</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>logical volumes</firstterm>. The logical volumes function much like standard partitions. They have a file system type, such as <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem>, and a mount point. </para>
<note> <title>The <filename>/boot</filename> Partition and LVM</title> <para> The boot loader cannot read LVM volumes. You must make a standard, non-LVM disk partition for your <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition. </para> </note>
<para>To understand LVM better, imagine the physical volume as a pile of <firstterm>blocks</firstterm>. A block is simply a storage unit used to store data. Several piles of blocks can be combined to make a much larger pile, just as physical volumes are combined to make a volume group. The resulting pile can be subdivided into several smaller piles of arbitrary size, just as a volume group is allocated to several logical volumes.</para>
<para> An administrator may grow or shrink logical volumes without destroying data, unlike standard disk partitions. If the physical volumes in a volume group are on separate drives or RAID arrays then administrators may also spread a logical volume across the storage devices. </para>
<para> You may lose data if you shrink a logical volume to a smaller capacity than the data on the volume requires. To ensure maximum flexibility, create logical volumes to meet your current needs, and leave excess storage capacity unallocated. You may safely grow logical volumes to use unallocated space, as your needs dictate. </para>
<note> <title>LVM and the Default Partition Layout</title>
<para> By default, the installation process creates <filename class="partition">/</filename> and swap partitions within LVM volumes, with a separate <filename>/boot</filename> partition. </para> </note> </section>
<section id="sn-partitioning-advice"> <title>Advice on Partitions</title> <para>Optimal partition setup depends on the usage for the Linux system in question. The following tips may help you decide how to allocate your disk space.</para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> If you expect that you or other users will store data on the system, create a separate partition for the <filename>/home</filename> directory within a volume group. With a separate <filename>/home</filename> partition, you may upgrade or reinstall &FC; without erasing user data files. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Each kernel installed on your system requires approximately 6 MB on the <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> partition. Unless you plan to install a great many kernels, the default partition size of 100 MB for <filename class="partition">/boot</filename> should suffice.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>The <filename class="directory">/var</filename> directory holds content for a number of applications, including the <application>Apache</application> web server. It also is used to store downloaded update packages on a temporary basis. Ensure that the partition containing the <filename class="directory">/var</filename> directory has enough space to download pending updates and hold your other content.</para> <important> <title>Pending Updates</title> <para>Because &DISTRO; is a rapidly progressing collection of software, many updates may be available late in a release cycle. You can add an update repository to the sources for installation later to minimize this issue. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-additional-repos"/> for more information. </para> </important> </listitem> <listitem> <para>The <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> directory holds the majority of software content on a &DISTRO; system. For an installation of the default set of software, allocate at least 4 GB of space. If you are a software developer or plan to use your &DISTRO; system to learn software development skills, you may want to at least double this allocation.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Consider leaving a portion of the space in an LVM volume group unallocated. This unallocated space gives you flexibility if your space requirements change but you do not wish to remove data from other partitions to reallocate storage.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>If you separate subdirectories into partitions, you can retain content in those subdirectories if you decide to install a new version of &DISTRO; over your current system. For instance, if you intend to run a <application>MySQL</application> database in <filename class="directory">/var/lib/mysql</filename>, make a separate partition for that directory in case you need to reinstall later.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>The following table is a possible partition setup for a system with a single, new 80 GB hard disk and 1 GB of RAM. Note that approximately 10 GB of the volume group is unallocated to allow for future growth.</para> <note> <title>Example Usage</title> <para>This setup is not optimal for all use cases.</para> </note> <example id="ex-partitioning-80g"> <title>Example Partition Setup</title> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>Partition</segtitle> <segtitle>Size and type</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">/boot</filename></seg> <seg>100 MB <systemitem class="filesystem">ext3</systemitem> partition</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">swap</filename></seg> <seg>2 GB swap</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>LVM physical volume</seg> <seg>Remaining space, as one LVM volume group</seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> <para>The physical volume is assigned to the default volume group and divided into the following logical volumes:</para> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>Partition</segtitle> <segtitle>Size and type</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">/</filename></seg> <seg>3 GB ext3</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">/usr</filename></seg> <seg>8 GB ext3</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">/usr/local</filename></seg> <seg>2 GB ext3</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">/var</filename></seg> <seg>4 GB ext3</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg><filename class="partition">/home</filename></seg> <seg>50 GB ext3</seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> </example> <para></para> </section>
<section id="sn-disk-druid"> <title>Disk Druid</title>
<para> <indexterm> <primary>Disk Druid</primary> </indexterm> <application><firstterm>Disk Druid</firstterm></application> is an interactive program for editing disk partitions. Users run it only within the &FC; installation system. Disk Druid enables you to configure <indexterm> <primary>RAID</primary> <secondary>Linux software</secondary> </indexterm> Linux software RAID and <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>LVM</firstterm> to provide more extensible and reliable data storage. </para>
<note> <title>Modifying the Default LVM Layout</title>
<para> The default layout pools all of the available storage into a single LVM physical volume, with one LVM logical volume for the system. To make capacity available for additional partitions, <guibutton>Edit</guibutton> the logical volume with the mount point <filename>/</filename>, and reduce its size as necessary. </para> </note> <para> <application>Disk Druid</application> displays the following actions in the installation program: </para>
<variablelist> <varlistentry id="vle-disk-druid-new"> <term><guilabel>New</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this option to add a partition <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>adding</secondary> </indexterm> or LVM physical volume to the disk. In the <guilabel>Add partition</guilabel> dialog, choose a mount point and a partition type. If you have more than one disk on the system, choose which disks the partition may inhabit. Indicate a size in megabytes for the partition. </para> <important> <title>Illegal Partitions</title>
<para> <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>illegal</secondary> </indexterm> The <filename>/bin/</filename>, <filename>/dev/</filename>, <filename>/etc/</filename>, <filename>/lib/</filename>, <filename>/proc/</filename>, <filename>/root/</filename>, and <filename>/sbin/</filename> directories may not be used for separate partitions in <application>Disk Druid</application>. These directories reside on the <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>root</secondary> </indexterm> <filename>/</filename> (root) partition. </para>
<para> The <filename>/boot</filename> partition may not reside on an LVM volume group. Create the <filename>/boot</filename> partition before configuring any volume groups. </para> </important> <para> You may also choose from three options for sizing your partition: </para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Fixed size</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Use a fixed size as close to your entry as possible. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Fill all space up to</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Grow the partition to a maximum size of your choice. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Fill to maximum allowable size</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Grow the partition until it fills the remainder of the selected disks. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <note> <title>Partition Sizes</title>
<para> The actual partition on the disk may be slightly smaller or larger than your choice. Disk geometry issues cause this effect, not an error or bug. </para> </note> <para> After you enter the details for your partition, select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to continue. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="disk-druid-edit"> <term><guilabel>Edit</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this option to edit an existing partition, <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>editing</secondary> </indexterm> LVM volume group, or an LVM physical volume that is not yet part of a volume group. To change the size of a LVM physical volume partition, first remove it from any volume groups. </para> <warning> <title>Removing LVM Physical Volumes</title>
<para> If you remove an LVM physical volume from a volume group, you erase any logical volumes it contains. </para> </warning> <para> Edit a partition to change its size, mount point, or file system type. Use this function to: </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> correct a mistake in setting up your partitions </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> migrate Linux partitions if you are upgrading or reinstalling &FC; </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> provide a mount point for non-Linux partitions such as those used on some Windows operating systems </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <note> <title>Windows Partitions</title>
<para> You may not label Windows partitions that use the <indexterm> <primary><systemitem class="filesystem">NTFS</systemitem> </primary> <see>file system</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>file system</primary> <secondary><systemitem class="filesystem">NTFS</systemitem> </secondary> </indexterm> <systemitem class="filesystem">NTFS</systemitem> file system with a mount point in the &FC; installer. You may label <indexterm> <primary><systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> </primary> <see>file system</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>file system</primary> <secondary><systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> </secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm><systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem></firstterm> (<systemitem class="filesystem">FAT16</systemitem> or <systemitem class="filesystem">FAT32</systemitem>) partitions with a mount point. </para> </note> <para> If you need to make <emphasis>drastic</emphasis> changes to your partition configuration, you may want to delete partitions and start again. If your disk contains data that you need to keep, back it up before you edit any partitions. If you edit the size of a partition, you may lose all data on it. </para> <para> If your system contains many separate partitions for system and user data, it is easier to upgrade your system. The installation program allows you to erase or retain data on specific partitions. If your user data is on a separate <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary><filename>/home</filename> </secondary> </indexterm> <filename>/home</filename> partition, you can retain that data while erasing system partitions such as <filename>/boot</filename>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Delete</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this option to erase an existing partition <indexterm> <primary>partition</primary> <secondary>deleting</secondary> </indexterm> or LVM physical volume. To delete an LVM physical volume, first delete any volume groups of which that physical volume is a member. </para> <para> If you make a mistake, use the <guilabel>Reset</guilabel> option to abandon all the changes you have made. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Reset</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this option to force <application>Disk Druid</application> to abandon all changes made to disk partitions. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>RAID</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this option to set up software RAID <indexterm> <primary>RAID</primary> </indexterm> on your &FED; system. </para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Create a software RAID partition</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Choose this option to add a partition for software RAID. This option is the only choice available if your disk contains no software RAID partitions. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Create a RAID device</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Choose this option to construct a RAID device from two or more existing software RAID partitions. This option is available if two or more software RAID partitions have been configured. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Clone a drive to create a RAID device</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Choose this option to set up a RAID <firstterm>mirror</firstterm> of an existing disk. This option is available if two or more disks are attached to the system. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>LVM</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this option to set up LVM <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> </indexterm> on your &FED; system. First create at least one partition or software RAID device as an LVM physical volume, using the <application>New</application> dialog. For more information on LVM, refer to <xref linkend="sn-partitioning-lvm"/>. </para> <para> To assign one or more physical volumes to a volume group, first name the volume group. Then select the physical volumes to be used in the volume group. Finally, configure logical volumes on any volume groups using the <guilabel>Add</guilabel>, <guilabel>Edit</guilabel> and <guilabel>Delete</guilabel> options. </para> <para> You may not remove a physical volume from a volume group if doing so would leave insufficient space for that group's logical volumes. Take for example a volume group made up of two 5 GB LVM physical volume partitions, which contains an 8 GB logical volume. The installer would not allow you to remove either of the component physical volumes, since that would leave only 5 GB in the group for an 8 GB logical volume. If you reduce the total size of any logical volumes appropriately, you may then remove a physical volume from the volume group. In the example, reducing the size of the logical volume to 4 GB would allow you to remove one of the 5 GB physical volumes. </para> <important> <title>LVM Unavailable in Text Installs</title> <para>LVM initial set up is not available in a text-mode installation. The installer allows you to edit pre-configured LVM volumes. If you need to create an LVM configuration from scratch, hit <keycombo> <keycap function="alt">Alt</keycap> <keycap function="other" otherfunction="F2">F2</keycap> </keycombo> to use the terminal, and run the <command>lvm</command> command. To return to the text-mode installation, hit <keycombo> <keycap function="alt">Alt</keycap> <keycap function="other" otherfunction="F1">F1</keycap> </keycombo>.</para> </important> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist>
<para> After you finish setting up and reviewing your partition configuration, select <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to continue the installation process. </para> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-experts-quickstart"> <title>Quick Start for Experts</title> <para>This section offers a very brief overview of installation tasks for experienced readers who are eager to get started. Note that many explanatory notes and helpful hints appear in the following chapters of this guide. If an issue arises during the installation process, consult the appropriate chapters in the full guide for help.</para> <warning> <title>Experts Only</title> <para>This section is intended only for experts. Other readers may not be familiar with some of the terms in this section, and should move on to <xref linkend="ch-new-users"/> instead.</para> </warning> <section id="sn-expert-overview"> <title>Overview</title> <para>The installation procedure is fairly simple, and consists of only a few steps:</para> <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>Download files to make media or another bootable configuration.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Prepare system for installation.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Boot the computer and run the installation process.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Reboot and perform post-installation configuration.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist> </section> <section id="sn-expert-download"> <title>Download Files</title> <para>Do any one of the following:</para> <orderedlist> <listitem> <indexterm> <primary>ISO images</primary> <secondary>downloading</secondary> </indexterm> <para>Download the ISO image for a Live image. Create CD media from the ISO file using your preferred application. You may also use the <package>livecd-tools</package> package to write the image to other bootable media such as a USB flash disk. To install the distribution to your hard disk, use the shortcut on the desktop after you log in.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Download the ISO images for the full distribution on CD or DVD. Create CD or DVD media from the ISO files using your preferred application, or put the images on a Windows FAT32 or Linux ext2/ext3 partition.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Download the <filename>boot.iso</filename> image for a minimal boot CD or <filename>bootdisk.img</filename> file for a minimal boot USB flash drive. Write the image to the approriate physical media to create bootable media.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Download the <filename>rescuecd.iso</filename> image for a reduced-size boot CD. Write the image to the appropriate physical media to create bootable media.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Download the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> kernel file and the <filename>initrd.img</filename> ramdisk image from the distribution's <filename class="directory">isolinux/</filename> directory. Configure your operating system to boot the kernel and load the ramdisk image. For further information on installation without media, refer to <xref linkend="ap-medialess-install"/>.</para> <para>For information on setting up a network boot server from which you can install &DISTRO;, refer to <xref linkend="ap-install-server"/>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist> </section> <section id="sn-expert-prepare"> <title>Prepare for Installation</title> <indexterm> <primary>NTFS partitions</primary> <secondary>resizing</secondary> </indexterm> <para>Back up any user data you need to preserve, and if necessary, resize existing partitions to make room for &DISTRO;. To resize your NTFS partition from the &DISTRO; installer, use the <command>ntfsresize</command> and <command>fdisk</command> commands.</para> <para>Use <keycombo> <keycap function="control">Ctrl</keycap> <keycap function="alt">Alt</keycap> <keycap>F2</keycap> </keycombo> to switch to a virtual terminal from the installation program if you are not using a Live CD. Perform any resize operations before proceeding to the installer's partitioning options.</para> </section> <section id="sn-expert-install"> <title>Install &DISTRO;</title> <para>Boot from the desired media, with any options appropriate for your hardware and installation mode. Refer to <xref linkend="ap-admin-options"/> for more information about boot options. If you boot from the Live CD, select the "Install to Hard Disk" option from the menu to run the installation program. If you boot from minimal media or a downloaded kernel, select a network or hard disk resource from which to install.</para> <para>Proceed through all the steps of the installation program. The installation program does not change your system until you make a final confirmation to proceed. When installation is finished, reboot your system.</para> </section> <section id="sn-expert-post-install"> <title>Perform Post-installation Steps</title> <para>After the system reboots, it displays additional configuration options. Make appropriate changes to your system and proceed to the login prompt.</para> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-firstboot"> <title>First Boot</title> <indexterm> <primary>Setup Agent</primary> </indexterm> <para> The <application>Setup Agent</application> launches the first time that you start a new &FC; system. Use <application>Setup Agent</application> to configure the system for use before you log in. </para> <para> Select <guibutton>Forward</guibutton> to start the <application>Setup Agent</application>. </para> <note> <title>Graphical Interface Required</title>
<para> <application>Setup Agent</application> requires a graphical interface. If you did not install one, or if &FED; has trouble starting it, you may see a slightly different setup screen. </para> </note> <section id="sn-firstboot-license"> <title>License Agreement</title>
<para> This screen displays the overall licensing terms for &FC;. Each software package in &FC; is covered by its own license which has been approved by the <indexterm> <primary>OSI (Open Source Initiative)</primary> </indexterm> Open Source Initiative (OSI). For more information about the OSI, refer to <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/">http://www.opensource.org/</ulink>. </para> <para> To proceed, select <guilabel>Understood, please proceed</guilabel> and then select <guibutton>Forward</guibutton>. </para> </section> <section id="sn-firstboot-firewall"> <title>Firewall</title>
<para> The <indexterm> <primary>firewall</primary> <secondary>configuring</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>firewall</firstterm> built into &FC; checks every incoming and outgoing network connection on your machine against a set of rules. These rules specify which types of connections are permitted and which are denied. </para>
<para> By default the firewall is enabled, with a simple set of rules that allow connections to be made from your system to others, but permit only network browsing and <indexterm> <primary>SSH (Secure SHell)</primary> <secondary>firewall configuration</secondary> </indexterm> SSH (Secure SHell) connections from other systems. You may make changes on this screen to allow access to specific network services on your &FED; system. </para> <para> To enable access to the services listed on this screen, click the check box next to the service name. </para>
<important> <title>SSH Provides Immediate Remote Access</title>
<para> All &FED; systems automatically run the SSH remote access service, and the default firewall configuration allows connections to this service. The default configuration ensures that administrators have immediate remote access to new systems through the user and <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> accounts. </para> </important>
<para> To enable access to other services, select <guilabel>Other ports</guilabel>, and <guibutton>Add</guibutton> the details. Use the <guilabel>Port(s)</guilabel> field to specify either the port number, or the registered name of the service. Select the relevant <guilabel>Protocol</guilabel> from the drop-down. The majority of services use the TCP protocol. </para> <tip> <title>The Services List</title> <para> The <filename>/etc/services</filename> file lists service port numbers and names that are registered with the Internet Assigned Names Authority (IANA). </para> </tip> <para> If a service uses more than one port number, enter each port. For example, an IMAP service enables users to access their e-mail from another system through TCP port 143. To permit IMAP connections to your system, add <userinput>imap</userinput> or port number <userinput>143</userinput>.</para>
<para> Avoid disabling the firewall. If you believe that it is necessary to do so, select <guilabel>No firewall</guilabel>. </para> <tip> <title>Changing the Firewall Settings</title> <para> To change these settings later, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Security Level and Firewall</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. </para> </tip> </section> <section id="sn-firstboot-selinux"> <title>&SEL;</title> <para> The <indexterm> <primary>&SEL;</primary> <secondary>configuring</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>&SEL;</firstterm> (Security Enhanced Linux) framework is part of &FC;. &SEL; limits the actions of both users and programs by enforcing security policies throughout the operating system. Without &SEL;, software bugs or configuration changes may render a system more vulnerable. The restrictions imposed by &SEL; policies provide extra security against unauthorized access. </para>
<para> Inflexible &SEL; policies might inhibit many normal activities on a &FED; system. For this reason, &FC; uses targeted policies, which only affect specific network services. These services cannot perform actions that are not part of their normal functions. The targeted policies reduce or eliminate any inconvenience &SEL; might cause users. Set the &SEL; mode to one of the following: </para>
<variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Enforcing</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> Select this mode to use the targeted &SEL; policy on your &FED; system. This is the default mode for &FED; installations. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Permissive</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> In this mode, the system is configured with &SEL;, but a breach of security policies only causes an error message to appear. No activities are actually prohibited when &SEL; is installed in this mode. You may change the &SEL; mode to <guilabel>Enforcing</guilabel> at any time after booting. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><guilabel>Disabled</guilabel></term> <listitem> <para> If you choose this mode for &SEL;, &FED; does not configure the access control system at all. To make &SEL; active later, select <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <!-- SE: Note that items on this screen are labeled "SELinux...", so the text doesn't use the &SEL; entity in those cases. --> <para> To adjust &SEL;, choose <guilabel>Modify SELinux Policy</guilabel>. To exempt a key service from &SEL; restrictions, select the service from the list, and choose the <guilabel>Disable SELinux protection</guilabel> option. The <guilabel>SELinux Service Protection</guilabel> item on the list includes options to disable &SEL; restrictions on additional services. </para> <tip> <title>Changing the &SEL; policy</title> <para> &SEL; is unique in that it cannot be bypassed, even by the system administrators. To change the behavior of &SEL; after installation, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Security Level and Firewall</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. </para> </tip> <para> For more information about &SEL;, refer to the &SEL; FAQ at <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/selinux-faq/"/>. </para> </section> <section id="sn-firstboot-datetime"> <title>Date and Time</title>
<para> If your system does not have Internet access or a network time server, manually set the date and time for your system on this screen. Otherwise, use <indexterm> <primary>NTP (Network Time Protocol)</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>NTP</firstterm> (Network Time Protocol) servers to maintain the accuracy of the clock. NTP provides time synchronization service to computers on the same network. The Internet contains many computers that offer public NTP services. </para>
<para> The initial display enables you to set the date and time of your system manually. </para> <para> Select the <guilabel>Network Time Protocol</guilabel> tab to configure your system to use NTP servers instead. </para> <tip> <title>Setting the Clock</title> <para> To change these settings later, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Date & Time</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. </para> </tip> <para> To configure your system to use network time servers, select the <guilabel>Enable Network Time Protocol</guilabel> option. This option disables the settings on the <guilabel>Date and Time</guilabel> tab and enables the other settings on this screen. </para> <para> By default, &FC; is configured to use three separate groups, or <firstterm>pools</firstterm>, of time servers. Time server pools create redundancy, so if one time server is unavailable, your system synchronizes with another server. </para>
<para> To use an additional time server, select <guilabel>Add</guilabel>, and type the DNS name of the server into the box. To remove a server or server pool from the list, select the name and click <guilabel>Delete</guilabel>. </para> <para>If your machine is always connected to the Internet through a wired connection, select the <guilabel>Synchronize system clock before starting service</guilabel> option. This option may cause a short delay during startup but ensures accurate time on your system even if the clock is significantly wrong at boot time.</para> <important> <title>Laptops and NTP</title> <para>Do not use this option with laptop computers that sometimes use wireless networks.</para> </important> <para> If the hardware clock in your computer is highly inaccurate, you may turn off your local time source entirely. To turn off the local time source, select <guilabel>Show advanced options</guilabel> and then deselect the <guilabel>Use Local Time Source</guilabel> option. If you turn off your local time source, the NTP servers take priority over the internal clock. </para>
<para> If you enable the <guilabel>Enable NTP Broadcast</guilabel> advanced option, &FC; attempts to automatically locate time servers on the network. </para> </section> <section id="sn-firstboot-systemuser"> <title>System User</title>
<para> Create a user account for yourself with this screen. Always use this account to log in to your &FC; system, rather than using the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account. </para> <para> Enter a user name and your full name, and then enter your chosen password. Type your password once more in the <guilabel>Confirm Password</guilabel> box to ensure that it is correct. Refer to <xref linkend="ch-rootpassword" /> for guidelines on selecting a secure password. </para> <tip> <title>Creating Extra User Accounts</title> <para> To add additional user accounts to your system after the installation is complete, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Users & Groups</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. </para> </tip> <para> To configure &FC; to use network services for authentication or user information, select <guibutton>Use Network Login...</guibutton>. </para> </section> <section id="sn-firstboot-soundcard"> <title>Sound Card</title>
<para> The <application>Setup Agent</application> automatically attempts to identify the sound card in your computer. </para> <para> Click the play button to check the sound card configuration. If the configuration is correct, &FED; plays a sound sequence. You may adjust the volume with the slidebar. The <guilabel>Repeat</guilabel> option causes the sound to play until the option is unselected, to assist you in tuning your system. </para>
<para> If your sound card is identified, but you do not hear the sound, check your speakers and try again. In some cases, you may need to alter the additional settings to obtain the best sound quality. </para>
<para> A sound card may provide multiple audio input and output devices. To change the <guilabel>Default PCM device</guilabel>, select a new option from the drop-down list. By default, audio applications connect to a software mixer that manages the PCM devices. To enable applications to bypass the software mixer, select the option to <guilabel>Disable software mixing</guilabel>. </para>
<para> You may manually configure a &FC; system to use unsupported sound cards after the installation process is complete. Manual sound hardware configuration is beyond the scope of this document. </para> <tip> <title>Changing the Sound Card</title> <para> &FED; automatically attempts to detect a new sound card if you add one to your system. If you need to launch the detection process manually, choose <menuchoice> <guimenu>System</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Soundcard Detection</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. </para> </tip> <para> After you configure the sound card, select <guilabel>Finish</guilabel> to proceed to the login screen. Your &FC; system is now ready for use. </para>
<important> <title>Update Your System</title>
<para> To ensure the security of your system, run a package update after the installation completes. <xref linkend="ch-next-steps" /> explains how to update your &FED; system. </para> </important> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-installing-packages"> <title>Installing Packages</title>
<para> &FC; reports the installation progress on the screen as it writes the selected packages to your system. Network and DVD installations require no further action. If you are using CDs to install, &FC; prompts you to change discs periodically. After you insert a disc, select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to resume the installation. </para>
<para> After installation completes, select <guibutton>Reboot</guibutton> to restart your computer. &FC; ejects any loaded discs before the computer reboots. </para> <note> <title>Installing from a Live Image</title> <para>If you install from a &DISTRO; Live image, no reboot prompt appears. You may continue to use the Live image as desired, and reboot the system at any time to enjoy the newly installed &DISTRO; system.</para> </note> </chapter>
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<chapter lang="en-US" id="ch-introduction"> <title>Introduction</title> <para>This guide covers installation of &DISTRO;, a Linux distribution built on free and open source software. This manual helps you install &DISTRO; on desktops, laptops, and servers. The installation system is flexible enough to use even if you have no previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If you select default options, &DISTRO; provides a complete desktop operating system, including productivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop tools.</para> <para>This document does not detail all of the features of the installation system.</para> <section id="sn-background"> <title>Background</title> <section id="sn-about-fedora"> <title>About &DISTRO;</title> <para>To find out more about &DISTRO;, refer to <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/"/>. To read other documentation on &DISTRO; related topics, refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/"/>.</para> </section> <section id="sn-additional-help"> <title>Getting Additional Help</title> <para>For information on additional help resources for &DISTRO;, visit <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicate"/>.</para> </section> </section> <section id="sn-about-document"> <title>About This Document</title> <section id="sn-goals"> <title>Goals</title> <para>This guide helps a reader:</para> <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>Understand how to locate the &DISTRO; distribution online</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Create configuration data that allows a computer to boot &DISTRO;</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Understand and interact with the &DISTRO; installation program</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Complete basic post-installation configuration of a &DISTRO; system</para> </listitem> </orderedlist> <tip> <title>Other Sources of Documentation</title> <para>This guide does not cover use of &DISTRO;. To learn how to use an installed &DISTRO; system, refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/"/> for other documentation.</para> </tip> </section> <section id="sn-audience"> <title>Audience</title> <para>This guide is intended for new and intermediate &DISTRO; users. Advanced &DISTRO; users with questions about detailed operation of expert installation features should consult the Anaconda development mailing list at <ulink url="http://www.redhat.com/archives/anaconda-devel-list/"/>.</para> </section> </section> <section id="sn-feedback"> <title>Feedback</title> <indexterm> <primary>FDP</primary> <see>&FDP;</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>&FDP;</primary> </indexterm> <para>The &FDP; (FDP) is a group of volunteer writers, editors, translators, and other contributors who create content for free and open source software. The FDP maintains this document and is always interested in reader feedback.</para> <para>To send feedback regarding this document, send email to <ulink url="mailto:docs@fedoraproject.org">docs@fedoraproject.org</ulink>, or visit <ulink url="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"/> to file a bug in &BZ;. To file a bug, fill in "&BZ-PROD;" as the Product, choose the name of this document from the Component list, and choose "devel" as the version. FDP volunteers receive your feedback, and may contact you for additional information, if necessary.</para> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-installer-locale"> <title>Identifying Your Locale</title> <section id="sn-installer-language"> <title>Language Selection</title>
<para> The installation program displays a list of languages supported by &DISTRO;. Highlight the correct language on the list and select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. </para>
<para> To select support for additional languages, customize the installation at the package selection stage. For more information, refer to <xref linkend="sn-lang-packages"></xref>. </para> <note> <title>Installing from &DISTRO; Live Image</title> <para>If you install from a &DISTRO; Live image, you may not see a locale selection screen. For additional locale support, use the <application>Add/Remove Software</application> application after you boot your newly installed &DISTRO; system, following installation.</para> </note> </section> <section id="sn-installer-keyboard"> <title>Keyboard Configuration</title>
<para> The installation program display a list of the keyboard layouts supported by &DISTRO;. Highlight the correct layout on the list, and select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. </para> </section> </chapter>
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<appendix id='ap-medialess-install'> <title>Installing Without Media</title> <para>This section discusses how to install &DISTRO; to your system without making any additional physical media. Instead, you can use your existing <application>GRUB</application> boot loader to start the installation program.</para> <important> <title>Linux Required</title> <para>This procedure assumes you are already using &DISTRO; or another relatively modern Linux distribution, and the <application>GRUB</application> boot loader. It also assumes you are a somewhat experienced Linux user.</para> </important> <section id="sn-medialess-getting-files"> <title>Retrieving Boot Files</title> <para>To perform an installation without media or a PXE server, your system must have two files stored locally, a kernel and an initial RAM disk.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>Download a Live image or DVD distribution, or to locate an installation mirror, visit <ulink url="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/8/"/>.</para> </step> <step> <para>Locate the <filename class="directory">isolinux/</filename> folder using one of the following methods:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>If you chose to download an image, open it with the appropriate desktop tool. If you are using &DISTRO;, double-click the file to open it with the <application>Archive Manager</application>. Open the <filename class="directory">isolinux/</filename> folder.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>If you chose not to download a whole image because you wish to install via the network, locate the desired release. In general, once you find a suitable mirror, browse to the <filename>releases/&DISTROVER;/&DISTRO;/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os/isolinux/</filename> folder.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <note> <title>Installation Types Available</title> <para>If you download an image, you may then choose a hard disk-based installation or a network installation. If you only download selected files from a mirror, you may only perform a network installation.</para> </note> </step> <step> <para>Copy the <filename>vmlinuz</filename> and <filename>initrd.img</filename> files from the chosen source to the <filename class="directory">/boot/</filename> directory, renaming them to <filename>vmlinuz-install</filename> and <filename>initrd.img-install</filename>You must have <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> privileges to write files into the <filename class="directory">/boot/</filename> directory.</para> </step> </procedure> </section> <section id="sn-medialess-editing-grub-conf"> <title>Editing the <application>GRUB</application> Configuration</title> <para>The <application>GRUB</application> boot loader uses the configuration file <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename>. To configure <application>GRUB</application> to boot from the new files, add a boot stanza to <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename>that refers to them.</para> <para>A minimal boot stanza looks like the following listing:</para> <screen><![CDATA[title Installation root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-install initrd /initrd.img-install]]></screen> <para>You may wish to add options to the end of the <option>kernel</option> line of the boot stanza. These options set preliminary options in <application>Anaconda</application> which the user normally sets interactively. For a list of available installer boot options, refer to <xref linkend="ap-admin-options"/>.</para> <para>The following options are generally useful for medialess installations:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><option>ip=</option></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><option>method=</option></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><option>lang=</option></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><option>keymap=</option></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><option>ksdevice=</option> (if installation requires an interface other than eth0)</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><option>vnc</option> and <option>vncpassword=</option> for a remote installation</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>When you are finished, change the <option>default</option> option in <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> to point to the new first stanza you added:</para> <screen><![CDATA[default 0]]></screen> </section> <section id="sn-medialess-booting"> <title>Booting to Installation</title> <para>Reboot the system. <application>GRUB</application> boots the installation kernel and RAM disk, including any options you set. You may now refer to the appropriate chapter in this guide for the next step. If you chose to install remotely using VNC, refer to <xref linkend="sn-remoteaccess-installation"/> for assistance in connecting to the remote system.</para> </section> </appendix>
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<chapter id="ch-networkconfig"> <title>Network Configuration</title>
<para> Use this screen to customize the network settings of your &FED; system. </para>
<para> Manual network configuration of a &FED; system is often not required. Many networks have a <indexterm> <primary>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>DHCP</firstterm> (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) service that automatically supplies connected systems with configuration data. By default, &FC; activates all network interfaces on your computer and configures them to use DHCP. </para> <indexterm> <primary>IPv4</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>IPv6</primary> </indexterm> <para>&DISTRO; contains complete support for both <firstterm>IPv4</firstterm> and <firstterm>IPv6</firstterm>. By default, &DISTRO; configures network interfaces on your computer for both IPv4 and IPv6 support, and to use DHCP over both IPv4 and IPv6. For more information about IPv6, refer to <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6"/>.</para> <para>Many home Internet routers and firewalls do not include support for IPv6. The default settings will not harm your system or router in any way. However, the speed of some services improves drastically if you disable IPv6 on any interface on a network that does not use IPv6.</para> <tip> <title>IPv6 and Boot Options</title> <para>You can disable IPv6 support in the installation program using the boot option <option>noipv6</option>. The installation program does not configure network interfaces for IPv6 if you use this option. For more information on boot options, refer to <xref linkend="ap-admin-options"/>.</para> </tip>
<section id="sn-network-devices"> <title>Network Devices</title> <indexterm> <primary>IP address</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>IP address</primary> <secondary>dynamic</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)</primary> </indexterm> <para> &FED; displays a list of network interfaces detected on your computer. Each interface must have a unique <firstterm>IP address</firstterm> on the network to which it is attached. The interface may receive this address from the network DHCP service. </para> <para> Specify whether an interface should be automatically activated at boot time with the <guilabel>Active on Boot</guilabel> check box for that device. You may manually activate a network interface at any time after the system has booted. </para> <note> <title>Modem Configuration</title> <para> The <guilabel>Network Configuration</guilabel> screen does not list <indexterm> <primary>modem</primary> </indexterm> modems. Configure these devices after installation with the <application>Network</application> utility. The settings for your modem are specific to your particular Internet Service Provider (ISP). </para> </note>
<section id="sn-network-enable-proto"> <title>Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 Support</title> <para>To add or remove IPv4 or IPv6 support, highlight the interface on the <guilabel>Network Device</guilabel> list and select <guibutton>Edit</guibutton>. &DISTRO; displays the <guilabel>Edit Interface</guilabel> dialog. If the interface is not configured for IPv4 or IPv6 protocol, that entry is marked <guilabel>Disabled</guilabel>.</para> <para>To change the selection, select or deselect the appropriate checkbox. If necessary, change the network address configuration for the interface.</para> <tip> <title>DHCP and Servers</title> <para> If this computer system is a server, avoid DHCP if possible, and manually configure networking. Manual network configuration allows your server to join the local network even if the DHCP provider is down. </para> </tip> </section> <section id="sn-network-manual-ipv4"> <title>Configuring IPv4</title> <indexterm> <primary>IP address</primary> <secondary>static</secondary> </indexterm> <para> To assign an unchanging, or <firstterm>static</firstterm>, IP address to your system, highlight the interface on the <guilabel>Network Device</guilabel> list and select <guibutton>Edit</guibutton>. &FED; then displays the <guilabel>Edit Interface</guilabel> dialog.</para> <para><emphasis>Deselect</emphasis> the <guilabel>Configure using DHCP</guilabel> check box, so that it is empty. Enter the <guilabel>IP Address</guilabel> and the appropriate <guilabel>Netmask</guilabel> for the interface, then select <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para> <para>If you disable DHCP, automatic configuration of the <guilabel>Hostname</guilabel> is also disabled, and the <guilabel>Miscellaneous Settings</guilabel> options are enabled. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-network-misc-settings"/> for more information.</para> </section> <section id="sn-network-manual-ipv6"> <title>Configuring IPv6</title> <para>If IPv6 is enabled, the installation program defaults to using <guilabel>Automatic neighbor discovery</guilabel>. If you want to change the default, select either <guilabel>DHCPv6</guilabel> for IPv6-compliant dynamic IP addressing, or <guilabel>Manual configuration</guilabel> to enter IP information manually.</para> <para>To assign a static IPv6 address, enter the <guilabel>IP Address</guilabel> and the appropriate <guilabel>Prefix</guilabel> for the interface, then select <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para> </section> </section>
<section id="sn-hostname"> <title>Hostname</title>
<para> On some networks, the DHCP provider also provides the name of the computer, or <indexterm> <primary>hostname</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>hostname</firstterm>. To specify the hostname, select <guilabel>Manual</guilabel> and type the complete name in the box. The complete hostname includes both the name of the machine and the name of the domain of which it is a member, such as <systemitem class="fqdomainname"><replaceable>machine1.example.com</replaceable></systemitem>. The machine name (or "short hostname") is <systemitem class="systemname"><replaceable>machine1</replaceable></systemitem>, and the <indexterm> <primary>domain name</primary> </indexterm> domain name is <systemitem class="domainname"><replaceable>example.com</replaceable></systemitem>. </para> <para>To set up a home network that is behind an Internet firewall or router, you may want to use <systemitem class="fqdomainname"><replaceable>hostname</replaceable>.localdomain</systemitem> for your &DISTRO; system. If you have more than one computer on this network, you should give each one a separate host name in this domain.</para> <tip> <title>Valid Hostnames</title> <para> You may give your system any name provided that the full hostname is unique. The hostname may include letters, numbers and hyphens. </para> </tip> <para>If your &DISTRO; system is connected <emphasis>directly</emphasis> to the Internet, you must pay attention to additional considerations to avoid service interruptions or risk action by your upstream service provider. A full discussion of these issues is beyond the scope of this document.</para> </section> <section id="sn-network-misc-settings"> <title>Miscellaneous Settings</title> <para> To manually configure a network interface, you may also provide other network settings for your computer. All of these settings are the IP addresses of other systems on the network. </para>
<para> A <firstterm>gateway</firstterm> <indexterm> <primary>gateway</primary> </indexterm> is the device that provides access to other networks. Gateways are also referred to as <indexterm> <primary>router</primary> <see>gateway</see> </indexterm> <firstterm>routers</firstterm>. If your system connects to other networks through a gateway, enter its IP address in the <guilabel>Gateway</guilabel> box. </para>
<para> Most software relies on the <indexterm> <primary>DNS (Domain Name Service)</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>DNS</firstterm> (Domain Name Service) provider to locate machines and services on the network. DNS converts hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa. A &FC; system may use more than one DNS server. If the primary DNS server does not respond, the computer sends any query to the secondary DNS server, and so on. To assign DNS servers, type their IP addresses into the <guilabel>Primary DNS</guilabel> or <guilabel>Secondary DNS</guilabel> boxes. </para>
<para> Select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> once you are satisfied with the network settings for your system. </para>
</section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-new-users"> <title>New Users</title> <para>This chapter explains how to get the files you need to install and run &DISTRO; on your computer. Some of the concepts in this chapter may be new, since you may never have downloaded a complete free operating system.</para> <tip> <title>Additional Help</title> <para>If you have trouble with this chapter, you may be able to find help by visiting the Fedora Forums at <ulink url="http://www.fedoraforum.org/"/></para> </tip> <section id="sn-howto-download"> <title>How Do I Download Installation Files?</title> <para>The &FP; distributes &DISTRO; in many ways, most of which are free of cost and downloadable over the Internet. The most common distribution method is CD and DVD media. There are several types of CD and DVD media available, including:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>A full set of the installable software on DVD media</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>A Live image that you can use to try &DISTRO;, and install it to your system if you like it</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Minimal boot CD and USB flash disk images that allows you to install over an Internet connection</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>A reduced-size rescue CD image that allows you to install over an Internet connection, and fix problems with malfunctioning &DISTRO; systems</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>Source code on DVD media</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>Most users want either the Live image or the full set of installable software on DVD. The minimal boot CD image is suitable for users who have a fast Internet connection and only want to install &DISTRO; on one computer. Source code discs are not used for installing &DISTRO;, but are useful to experienced users and software developers.</para> <tip> <title>Downloading media</title> <indexterm> <primary>CD/DVD media</primary> <secondary>downloading</secondary> <seealso>ISO images</seealso> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>ISO images</primary> <secondary>downloading</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>USB flash media</primary> <secondary>downloading</secondary> </indexterm> <para>Users with a broadband Internet connection can download <firstterm>ISO images</firstterm> of CD and DVD media or images of USB flash disks. An ISO image is a copy of an entire disc in a format suitable for writing directly to a CD or DVD. A USB flash disk image is a copy of an entire disk in a format suitable for writing directly to a USB flash disk.</para> <para>For more information on burning CDs and DVDs, refer to <xref linkend="sn-making-media"/>.</para> </tip> <para>&DISTRO; software is available for download at no cost in a variety of ways. </para> <section id="sn-which-download-mirror"> <title>From a Mirror</title> <indexterm> <primary>mirror</primary> </indexterm> <para>To find the freely downloadable distributions of &DISTRO;, look for a <firstterm>mirror</firstterm>. A mirror is a computer server that is open to the public for free downloads of software, including &DISTRO; and often other free and open source software. To locate a mirror, visit <ulink url="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist"/> using a Web browser, and choose a server from the list. The web page lists mirrors by geographic location. You may want to choose a mirror that is geographically close to you for faster speed.</para> <para>Mirrors publish &DISTRO; software under a well-organized hierarchy of folders. For example, the &DISTRO; &DISTROVER; distribution normally appears in the directory <filename class="directory">&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/</filename>. This directory contains a folder for each architecture supported by that release of &DISTRO;. CD and DVD media files appear inside that folder, in a folder called iso/. For example, you can find the file for the DVD distribution of &DISTRO; &DISTROVER; for x86_64 at <filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/x86_64/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-x86_64-DVD.iso</filename>.</para> </section> <section id="sn-which-download-bt"> <title>From BitTorrent</title> <indexterm> <primary>BitTorrent</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>BitTorrent</primary> <secondary>seeding</secondary> </indexterm> <para>BitTorrent is a way to download information in cooperation with other computers. Each computer cooperating in the group downloads pieces of the information in a particular torrent from other peers in the group. Computers that have finished downloading all the data in a torrent remain in the swarm to <firstterm>seed</firstterm>, or provide data to other peers. If you download using BitTorrent, as a courtesy you should seed the torrent at least until you have uploaded at least the same amount of data you downloaded.</para> <para>If your computer does not have software installed for BitTorrent, visit the BitTorrent home page at <ulink url="http://www.bittorrent.com/download/"/> to download it. BitTorrent client software is available for Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and many other operating systems.</para> <para>You do not need to find a special mirror for BitTorrent files. The BitTorrent protocol ensures that your computer participates in a nearby group. To download and use the &DISTRO; BitTorrent files, visit <ulink url="http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/"/>.</para> <tip> <title>Minimal Boot Images</title> <para>Minimal boot CD and USB flash disk images are not available through BitTorrent.</para> </tip> </section> </section> <section id="sn-which-arch"> <title>Which Architecture Is My Computer?</title> <indexterm> <primary>architecture</primary> </indexterm> <para>Releases are separated by <firstterm>architecture</firstterm>, or type of computer processor. Use the following table to determine the architecture of your computer according to the type of processor. Consult your manufacturer's documentation for details on the processor if necessary.</para> <indexterm> <primary>architecture</primary> <secondary>determining</secondary> </indexterm> <segmentedlist> <title>Processor and Architecture Types</title> <segtitle>Processor Manufacturer and Model</segtitle> <segtitle>Architecture Type for &DISTRO;</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg>Intel (except Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, or Xeon), AMD (except 64 or x2 dual-core), VIA C4, Apple MacBook Pro</seg> <seg><systemitem>i386</systemitem></seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Intel Core 2 Duo, Centrino Core 2 Duo, and Xeon; AMD Athlon64/x2, Sempron64/x2, Duron64</seg> <seg><systemitem>x86_64</systemitem></seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Apple Macintosh G3, G4, G5, PowerBook, and other non-Intel models</seg> <seg><systemitem>ppc</systemitem></seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> <tip> <title><systemitem>i386</systemitem> Works for Most Windows Compatible Computers</title> <para>If you are unsure what type of processor your computer has, and you are not using an Apple Macintosh, choose <systemitem>i386</systemitem>.</para> </tip> </section> <section id="sn-which-files"> <title>Which Files Do I Download?</title> <para>You have several options to download &DISTRO;. Read the options below to decide which is best for you.</para> <para>The architecture type appears in the name of the downloadable files for each &DISTRO; distribution. For example, the file for the DVD distribution of &DISTRO; &DISTROVER; for x86_64 is named <filename>&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-x86_64-DVD.iso</filename>. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-which-arch"/> if you are unsure of your computer's architecture.</para> <orderedlist> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Full Distribution on DVD</title> <para>If you have plenty of time and a fast Internet connection, and want to be able to install a broader choice of software, download the full DVD version. Both types of media are bootable, and include an installation program as well as a mode to perform rescue operations on your &DISTRO; system in an emergency. You can download the DVD version directly from a mirror, or via BitTorrent.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Live Image</title> <para>If you want to try &DISTRO; before you install it on your computer, download the Live image version. If your computer supports booting from CD, you can boot the operating system without making any changes to your hard disk. The Live image also provides an "Install to Hard Disk" menu option. If you decide you like what you see, and want to install it, simply activate the selection to copy &DISTRO; to your hard disk. You can download the Live image directly from a mirror, or using BitTorrent.</para> </formalpara> <note> <title>No Live Images for <systemitem>ppc</systemitem></title> <para>&DISTRO; does not offer Live images available for the <systemitem>ppc</systemitem> architecture due to resource constraints.</para> </note> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Minimal Boot Media</title> <para>If you have a fast Internet connection but do not want to download the entire distribution, you can download a small boot image. &DISTRO; offers images for a minimal boot environment on CD or USB flash disk, and a reduced size rescue CD image. Once you boot your system with the minimal media, you can install &DISTRO; directly over the Internet. Although this method still involves downloading a significant amount of data over the Internet, it is almost always much less than the size of the full distribution media. Once you have finished installation, you can add or remove software to your system as desired.</para> </formalpara> <tip> <title>Download Size</title> <para>Installing the default software for &DISTRO; over the Internet requires more time than the Live image, but less time than the entire DVD distribution. Actual results depend on the actual software you select and network traffic conditions.</para> </tip> </listitem> </orderedlist> <para>The following table explains where to find the desired files on a mirror site.</para> <segmentedlist> <title>Locating Files</title> <segtitle>Media Type</segtitle> <segtitle>File Locations</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg>Full distribution on DVD</seg> <seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Live/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-DVD.iso</filename></seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Live image</seg> <seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Live/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-Live.iso</filename>, <filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Live/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-KDE-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-Live.iso</filename></seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Minimal CD boot media</seg> <seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Fedora/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os/images/boot.iso</filename></seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Minimal USB boot media</seg> <seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Fedora/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os/images/diskboot.img</filename></seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>Rescue CD boot media</seg> <seg><filename>&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/Fedora/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/iso/&FCX;-&DISTROVER;-<replaceable>arch</replaceable>-rescuecd.iso</filename></seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> </section> <section id="sn-making-media"> <title>How Do I Make &DISTRO; Media?</title> <para>To make media, choose one of the following options:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Making CD and DVD Media</title> <para>To learn how to turn ISO images into CD or DVD media, refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/readme-burning-isos/"/>.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> <!-- We don't cover making a Live USB stick here because it's not something people who need the Installation Guide would really be able to do. If a user has a Linux system up and running, why would she be reading this? --> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Making Minimal USB Boot Media</title> <para>The minimal USB disk image, <filename>diskboot.img</filename>, requires a blank USB flash drive. <emphasis>Writing the minimal USB boot image to a USB flash drive will destroy all the data on the drive.</emphasis></para> </formalpara> <para>On a Linux system, as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, use the following command to write the image to the drive:</para> <screen><command>dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/sd<replaceable>X</replaceable></command></screen> <warning> <title>Write to the Correct Device</title> <para>Make sure you are writing to the proper disk. Consult the <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> log or use the <command>dmesg</command> command. If your system supports dynamic device creation, run the command <command>ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</command> to locate the device.</para> </warning> <para>A comparable <command>dd</command> program for Windows systems is available at <ulink url="http://users.erols.com/gmgarner/forensics/"/>. The website gives examples of how to use this Windows program to copy an image to a physical disk device.</para> <note> <title>Caveat Emptor</title> <para>This website is not part of the &FP;, and the &FP; is not responsible for its content.</para> </note> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </section> <section id="sn-cannot-download"> <title>What If I Cannot Download &DISTRO;?</title> <para>If you do not have a fast Internet connection, or if you have a problem creating boot media, downloading may not be an option. &DISTRO; DVD and CD distribution media is available from a number of online sources around the world at a minimal cost. Use your favorite Web search engine to locate a vendor, or refer to <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution"/>.</para> </section> <section id="sn-start-installation"> <title>How Do I Start the Installation Program?</title> <indexterm> <primary>BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>CD/DVD media</primary> <secondary>booting</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>USB flash media</primary> <secondary>booting</secondary> </indexterm> <para>To start the installation program from minimal boot media, the rescue CD, or the distribution DVD, follow this procedure:</para> <procedure> <step> <para>Power off your computer system.</para> </step> <step> <para>Disconnect any external FireWire or USB disks that you do not need for installation. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-partitioning-fw-usb"/> for more information.</para> </step> <step> <para>Insert the media in your computer and turn it on.</para> </step> </procedure> <para>You may need to hit a specific key or combination of keys to boot from the media, or configure your system's <firstterm>Basic Input/Output System</firstterm>, or <acronym>BIOS</acronym>, to boot from the media. On most computers you must select the boot or BIOS option promptly after turning on the computer. Most Windows-compatible computer systems use a special key such as <keycap>F1</keycap>, <keycap>F2</keycap>, <keycap>F12</keycap>, or <keycap>Del</keycap> to start the BIOS configuration menu. On Apple computers, the <keycap>C</keycap> key boots the system from the DVD drive.</para> <tip> <title>Configuring the BIOS</title> <para>If you are not sure what capabilities your computer has, or how to configure the BIOS, consult the documentation provided by the manufacturer. Detailed information on hardware specifications and configuration is beyond the scope of this document.</para> </tip> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-next-steps"> <title>Your Next Steps</title> <para> &FED; provides you with a complete operating system with a vast range of capabilities, supported by a large community. </para> <section id="sn-system-updating"> <title>Updating Your System</title>
<para> The &FP; releases updated software packages for &FC; throughout the support period of each version. Updated packages add new features, improve reliability, resolve bugs, or remove security vulnerabilities. To ensure the security of your system, update regularly, and as soon as possible after a security announcement is issued. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-news-subscriptions"/> for information on the &FED; announcements services. </para> <para> A new update applet, called <application>puplet</application>, reminds you of updates when they are available. The <application>puplet</application> applet is installed by default in &FC;. It checks for software updates from all configured repositories, and runs as a background service. It generates a notification message on the desktop if updates are found, and you can click the message to update your system's software. </para> <para> To update your system with the latest packages manually, use the <indexterm> <primary>Software Updater</primary> </indexterm> <application>Software Updater</application>: </para> <orderedlist> <listitem> <para> Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System Tools</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Software Updater</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> When prompted, enter the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Review the list of updated packages. The package list displays a double arrow next to any updates that require a system reboot to take effect. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Click <guibutton>Apply Updates</guibutton> to begin the update process. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> If one or more updates require a system reboot, the update process displays a dialog with the option to <guibutton>Reboot Now</guibutton>. Either select this option to reboot the system immediately, or <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> it and reboot the system at a more convenient time. </para> </listitem> </orderedlist> <para> To update packages from the command-line, use the <indexterm> <primary>yum</primary> </indexterm> <command>yum</command> utility. Type this command to begin a full update of your system with <command>yum</command>: </para> <screen> <userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput> </screen> <para> Enter the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password when prompted. </para>
<para> Refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/"/> for more information on <command>yum</command>. </para>
<note> <title>Network Connection Required</title>
<para> Ensure that your system has an active network connection before you run the <application>Software Updater</application>, or the <command>yum</command> utility. The update process downloads information and packages from a network of servers. </para> </note> <para> If your &FED; system has a permanent network connection, you may choose to enable daily system updates. To enable automatic updates, follow the instructions on the webpage <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/sn-updating-your-system.html"/>. </para> </section> <section id="sn-finishing-upgrade"> <title>Finishing an Upgrade</title> <important> <title>System Updates Recommended</title> <para>Once you have rebooted your system after performing an upgrade, you should also perform a manual system update. Consult <xref linkend="sn-system-updating"/> for more information.</para> </important> <para>If you chose to upgrade your system from a previous release rather than perform a fresh installation, you may want to examine the differences in the package set. <xref linkend="sn-upgrade-tree"/> advised you to create a package listing for your original system. You can now use that listing to determine how to bring your new system close to the original system state.</para> <para>Most software repository configurations are stored in packages that end with the term <literal>release</literal>. Check the old package list for the repositories that were installed:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[awk '{print $1}' ~/old-pkglist.txt | grep 'release$']]></command></screen> <para>If necessary, retrieve and install these software repository packages from their original sources on the Internet. Follow the instructions at the originating site to install the repository configuration packages for use by <command>yum</command> and other software management tools on your &DISTRO; system.</para> <para>Then run the following commands to make a list of other missing software packages:</para>
<screen><command><![CDATA[awk '{print $1}' ~/old-pkglist.txt | sort | uniq > ~/old-pkgnames.txt rpm -qa --qf '%{NAME}\n' | sort | uniq > ~/new-pkgnames.txt diff -u ~/old-pkgnames.txt ~/new-pkgnames.txt | grep '^-' | sed 's/^-//' > /tmp/pkgs-to-install.txt]]></command></screen>
<para>Now use the file <filename>/tmp/pkgs-to-install.txt</filename> with the <command>yum</command> command to restore most or all of your old software:</para>
<screen><command><![CDATA[su -c 'yum install `cat /tmp/pkgs-to-install.txt`']]></command></screen>
<important> <title>Missing Software</title> <para>Due to changes in package complements between &DISTRO; releases, it is possible this method may not restore all the software on your system. You can use the routines above to again compare the software on your system, and remedy any problems you find.</para> </important> </section> <section id="sn-news-subscriptions"> <title>Subscribing to &FED; Announcements and News</title>
<para> To receive information about package updates, subscribe to either the announcements mailing list, or the RSS feeds. </para>
<variablelist> <varlistentry> <term> &FP; announcements mailing list </term> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/fedora-announce-list"/> </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term> &FP; RSS feeds </term> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/infofeed/"/> </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist>
<para> The announcements mailing list also provides you with news on the &FP;, and the &FED; community. </para>
<important> <title>Security Announcements</title>
<para> Announcements with the keyword <wordasword>[SECURITY]</wordasword> in the title identify package updates that resolve security vulnerabilities. </para> </important> </section> <section id="sn-web-help"> <title>Finding Documentation and Support</title>
<para> Members of the &FED; community provides support through mailing lists, Web forums and Linux User Groups (LUGs) across the world. </para>
<para> The Web site for the formally endorsed forums is <ulink url="http://forums.fedoraforum.org/"/>. </para>
<para> The following resources provide information on many aspects of &FED;: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term> The FAQ on the &FP; website </term> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ/"/> </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </listitem> <listitem> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term> The documents available from the &FDP; Web site </term> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/"/> </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </listitem> <listitem> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term> The Linux Documentation Project (LDP) </term> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/"/> </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </listitem> <listitem> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term> The &RHEL; documentation, much of which also applies to &FED; </term> <listitem> <para> <ulink url="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/"/> </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> Many other organizations and individuals also provide tutorials and HOWTOs for &FED; on their Web sites. You can locate information on any topic by using Google's Linux search site, located at <ulink url="http://www.google.com/linux"/>. </para> </section> <section id="sn-community"> <title>Joining the &FED; Community</title>
<para> The &FP; is driven by the individuals that contribute to it. Community members provide support and documentation to other users, help to improve the software included in &FC; by testing, and develop new software alongside the programmers employed by &RH;. The results of this work are available to all. </para>
<para> To make a difference, start here: </para>
<para> <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Join"/> </para> </section> </chapter>
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<preface id="ch-intro"> <title>Introduction</title> <section> <title>About &FC;</title> <para> &FC; is a complete desktop and server operating system created entirely with open source software. </para> <caution> <title>&FC; Lifecycle</title>
<para> &FC; is a rapidly evolving system which follows the latest technical developments. &FC; may not be appropriate for use in business-critical applications in your organization. </para> </caution> <para> For complete access to information about &FC;, refer to the official project wiki at <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/"/> and <xref linkend="ch-next-steps"/>. </para> </section> <section> <title>About this Manual</title> <para> This manual helps you install &FC; on desktops, laptops and servers. The installation system is flexible enough to use even if you have no previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If you select default options, &FC; provides a complete desktop operating system, including productivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop tools. </para> <para> This document does not detail all of the features of the installation system. </para>
&BUG-REPORTING;
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<chapter id="ch-other-install-methods"> <title>Installation Methods</title> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>If you booted the distribution DVD and did not use the alternate installation source option <option>askmethod</option>, the next stage loads automatically from the DVD. Proceed to <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>If you used the <option>askmethod</option> option or booted from minimal boot media or a PXE server, proceed to <xref linkend="sn-alt-install-method"/>.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <section id="sn-alt-install-method"> <title>Alternative Installation Methods</title> <note> <title>CD/DVD Activity</title>
<para> If you booted with the &DISTRO; distribution DVD, the installation program loads its next stage from that disc. This happens regardless of which installation method you choose, unless you eject the disc before you proceed. The installation program still downloads <emphasis>package data</emphasis> from the source you choose. </para> </note> <para> Even if you booted from alternative media, you can still install &FC; from CD or DVD media. Alternately, you can install from ISO images stored on your computer's hard disk, or from a network server. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> To install from CD or DVD media, insert a &FC; DVD or the first installation CD, select <guilabel>Local CDROM</guilabel>, and proceed to <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> To install from ISO images on a hard disk, select <guilabel>Hard drive</guilabel> and proceed to <xref linkend="sn-installing-from-harddrive"/>. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> To install from a network, using NFS, FTP, or HTTP, proceed to <xref linkend="sn-install-tcpip-config"/>. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </section> <section id="sn-installing-from-harddrive"> <title>Installation from a Hard Drive</title>
<para> Once you have booted your computer, you may use ISO image files of the &FED; discs to continue the installation process. The ISO files must be located on a hard drive that is either internal to the computer, or attached to the machine by USB. You can use this option to install &FC; on computers that have neither a network connection nor CD or DVD drives. </para>
<para> The partition on the hard drive holding the ISO files must be formatted with the <indexterm> <primary>ext2</primary> <see>file systems</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>file systems</primary> <secondary>ext2</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>ext2</firstterm>, <indexterm> <primary>ext3</primary> <see>file systems</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>file systems</primary> <secondary>ext3</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>ext3</firstterm> or <indexterm> <primary>vfat</primary> <see>file systems</see> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>file systems</primary> <secondary>vfat</secondary> </indexterm> <firstterm>vfat</firstterm> file system. In &FED;, <systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> includes a range of file systems, such as FAT-16 and FAT-32, found on most removable media. External hard drives usually contain <systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> (FAT-32) file systems. Some Microsoft Windows systems also use <systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> file systems on internal hard disk partitions. </para>
<para> Before you begin installation from a hard drive, check the partition type to ensure that &FED; can read it. To check a partition's file system under Windows, use the <application>Disk Management</application> tool. To check a partition's file system under Linux, use the <command>fdisk</command> utility. </para> <important> <title>Cannot Install from LVM Partitions</title> <para> You cannot use ISO files on partitions controlled by LVM (Logical Volume Management). </para> </important>
<para> Select the partition containing the ISO files from the list of available partitions. Internal IDE, SATA, SCSI, and USB drive device names begin with <filename>/dev/sd</filename>. Each individual drive has its own letter, for example <filename>/dev/sda</filename>. Each partition on a drive is numbered, for example <filename>/dev/sda1</filename>. </para>
<para> Also specify the <guilabel>Directory holding images</guilabel>. Enter the full directory path from the drive that contains the ISO image files. The following table shows some examples of how to enter this information: </para> <segmentedlist> <segtitle>Partition type</segtitle> <segtitle>Volume</segtitle> <segtitle>Original path to files</segtitle> <segtitle>Directory to use</segtitle> <seglistitem> <seg>VFAT, NTFS</seg> <seg>D:</seg> <seg>D:\Downloads&FCX;&FCVER;</seg> <seg>Downloads/&FCX;&FCVER;</seg> </seglistitem> <seglistitem> <seg>ext2, ext3</seg> <seg>/home</seg> <seg>/home/user1/&FCX;&FCVER;</seg> <seg>user1/&FCX;&FCVER;</seg> </seglistitem> </segmentedlist> <para> Select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to continue. Proceed with <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>. </para> </section> <section id="sn-install-tcpip-config"> <title>Installation TCP/IP Configuration</title>
<para> The installation program is network-aware and can use network settings for a number of functions. For instance, you can install &FC; from a network server using FTP, HTTP, or <indexterm> <primary>NFS (Network File System)</primary> <secondary>install from</secondary> </indexterm> NFS protocols. You can also instruct the installation program to consult additional software repositories later in the process. </para>
<para> By default, the installation program uses DHCP to automatically provide network settings. If you use a cable or DSL modem, router, firewall, or other network hardware to communicate with the Internet, DHCP is a suitable option. In a business environment, consult with your network administrators for appropriate settings. If your network has no DHCP server, clear the check box labeled <guilabel>Use dynamic IP configuration (DHCP)</guilabel>. </para> <para> The installation program supports both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. If you are not sure which addressing scheme your network uses, it is safe to leave both options selected. Refer also to <xref linkend="ch-networkconfig"/> for more information on configuring your network. </para> <note> <title>DHCP Responses Take Time</title> <para> If you select options for a protocol not used on your network, or vice versa, it may take additional time to receive network settings from the DHCP server. </para> </note> <para> These settings apply only during the installation process. The installation program allows you to configure the final network configuration later. </para>
<para> You can install from a Web, FTP, or NFS server either on your local network or, if you are connected, on the Internet. You may install &DISTRO; from your own private mirror, or use one of the public mirrors maintained by members of the community. To ensure that the connection is as fast and reliable as possible, use a server that is close to your own geographical location. </para>
<para> The &FP; maintains a list of HTTP and FTP public mirrors, sorted by region, at <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mirrors"/>. To determine the complete directory path for the installation files, add <filename>/&FCLOCALVER;/&DISTRO;/<replaceable>architecture</replaceable>/os/</filename> to the path shown on the web page. A correct mirror location for an <systemitem>i386</systemitem> system resembles the URL <literal>http://mirror.example.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/&FCLOCALVER;/&DI...</literal>. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> If you are installing via NFS, proceed to <xref linkend="sn-nfs-install-settings"/>. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> If you are installing via FTP, proceed to <xref linkend="sn-ftp-install-settings"/>. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> If you are installing via HTTP, proceed to <xref linkend="sn-http-install-settings"/>. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </section>
<section id="sn-nfs-install-settings"> <title>NFS Installation Setup</title> <para> To install from a NFS server, select <guilabel>NFS</guilabel> from the <guilabel>Installation Method</guilabel> menu and select <guilabel>OK</guilabel>. Enter the name or IP address of the NFS server and the directory where the installation files reside. </para> <note> <title>NFS Mirror Availability</title> <para> Public NFS mirrors are rare due to security concerns with NFS that do not necessarily apply to FTP or HTTP servers. The &FP; does not maintain a list of public NFS mirrors for &FC;. </para> </note> <para> Select <guilabel>OK</guilabel> to continue. Proceed with <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>. </para>
</section>
<section id="sn-ftp-install-settings"> <title>FTP Installation Setup</title>
<para> To install from a FTP server, select <guilabel>FTP</guilabel> from the <guilabel>Installation Method</guilabel> menu and select <guilabel>OK</guilabel>. Enter the name or IP address of the FTP server and the directory where the installation files reside. </para> <para> Select <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to continue. If you are using the default, anonymous FTP service, continue with <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>. </para> <section id="sn-ftp-non-anonymous"> <title>Non-Anonymous FTP Setup</title> <para> The FTP service setup dialog also has a <guilabel>Use non-anonymous ftp</guilabel> option. If your FTP server does not provide anonymous access, select this check box. You must have an account on the FTP server to use this option.</para> <para>Enter your username and password in the spaces provided. Then select <guilabel>OK</guilabel> to continue. Proceed with <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>. </para> </section> </section>
<section id="sn-http-install-settings"> <title>HTTP Installation Setup</title>
<para> To install from a Web (HTTP) server, select <guilabel>HTTP</guilabel> from the <guilabel>Installation Method</guilabel> menu and select <guilabel>OK</guilabel>. </para> <para> Enter the name or IP address of the Web server and the directory where the installation files reside. Select <guilabel>OK</guilabel> to continue. Proceed with <xref linkend="ch-welcome"/>. </para> </section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-packageselection"> <title>Software Selection</title> <important> <title>Installing from a Live Image</title> <para>If you install from a &DISTRO; Live image, you cannot make package selections. This installation method transfers a copy of the Live image rather than installing packages from a repository. To change the package selection, complete the installation, then use the <application>Add/Remove Software</application> application to make desired changes.</para> </important> <para> By default, the &FED; installation process loads a selection of software that is suitable for a desktop system. To include or remove software for common tasks, select the relevant items from the list: </para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>Office and Productivity</term> <listitem> <para> This option provides the OpenOffice.org productivity suite, the Planner project management application, graphical tools such as the GIMP, and multimedia applications. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Software Development</term> <listitem> <para> This option provides the necessary tools to compile software on your &FED; system. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Web server</term> <listitem> <para> This option provides the Apache Web server. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <section id="sn-additional-repos"> <title>Installing from Additional Repositories</title> <para> You can define additional <firstterm>repositories</firstterm> to increase the software available to your system during installation. A repository is a network location that stores software packages along with <firstterm>metadata</firstterm> that describes them. Many of the software packages used in &FED; require other software to be installed. The installer uses the metadata to ensure that these requirements are met for every piece of software you select for installation. </para> <para> To include software from <firstterm>repositories</firstterm> other than the &FED; package collection, select <guilabel>Add additional software repositories</guilabel>. The following list includes examples of ways you can use this option. </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Get the Latest Fedora Software</title> <para> If you provide the location of a repository of updates for &DISTRO;, your system will have the most recent versions of &DISTRO; software. You will not need to peform a system update immediately after installation to get these updates. This usage is ideal if you are installing over the Internet or any network where bandwidth is a concern. </para> </formalpara> <caution> <title>Upgrading and Updates</title> <para>Package updates during the release cycle of a single verison of &FC; are intended to upgrade only that version. If you are upgrading a previous version of &FC;, you may encounter problems if you include an update repository during this step. Problems are less likely when performing a fresh installation.</para> </caution> </listitem> <listitem> <formalpara> <title>Install Third-party Software</title> <para>You may provide the location of a repository of third-party software. Depending on the configuration of that repository, you may be able to select non-Fedora software during installation.</para> </formalpara> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> If you select <guilabel>Add additional software repositories</guilabel>, the <guilabel>Add repository</guilabel> dialog appears. Provide a <guilabel>Repository name</guilabel> and the <guilabel>Repository URL</guilabel> for its location. </para> <tip> <title>&DISTRO; Software Mirrors</title> <para>To find a &DISTRO; software mirror near you, refer to <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mirrors"/>.</para> </tip> <para>Once you have located a mirror, to determine the URL to use, find the directory on the mirror that <emphasis>contains</emphasis> a directory named <filename class="directory">repodata</filename>. For instance, the "Everything" repository for &DISTRO; is typically located in a directory tree <filename>releases/&FCVER;/Everything/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os</filename>, where <replaceable>arch</replaceable> is a system architecture name.</para> <para> Once you provide information for an additional repository, the installer reads the package metadata over the network. Software that is specially marked is then included in the package group selection system. See <xref linkend="sn-package-selection"/> for more information on selecting packages. </para> <note> <title>Backtracking Removes Repository Metadata</title> <para> If you choose <guilabel>Back</guilabel> from the package selection screen, any extra repository data you may have entered is lost. This allows you to effectively cancel extra repositories. Currently there is no way to cancel only a single repository once entered. </para> </note> </section> <section id="sn-package-selection"> <title>Customizing the Software Selection</title> <para> Select <guilabel>Customize now</guilabel> to specify the software packages for your final system in more detail. This option causes the installation process to display an additional customization screen when you select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. </para> <note> <title>Installing Support for Additional Languages</title>
<para> Select <guilabel>Customize now</guilabel> to install support for additional languages. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-lang-packages"/> for more information on configuring language support. </para> </note>
<para> &FED; divides the included software into <indexterm> <primary>package groups</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm>package groups</firstterm>. For ease of use, the package selection screen displays these groups as six categories: </para> <figure id="fig-package-selection"> <title>Package Group Selection Screen</title> <mediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="./figs/packagegroups.eps" format="EPS"/> </imageobject> <imageobject> <imagedata align="center" fileref="./figs/packagegroups.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> <textobject> <phrase> Package group selection screen. </phrase> </textobject> </mediaobject> </figure> <para> To view the package groups for a category, select the category from the list on the left. The list on the right displays the package groups for the currently selected category. </para>
<para> To specify a package group for installation, select the check box next to the group. The box at the bottom of the screen displays the details of the package group that is currently highlighted. <emphasis>None</emphasis> of the packages from a group will be installed unless the check box for that group is selected. </para>
<para> If you select a package group, &FED; automatically installs the base and mandatory packages for that group. To change which optional packages within a selected group will be installed, select the <guibutton>Optional Packages</guibutton> button under the description of the group. Then use the check box next to an individual package name to change its selection. </para> <para> After you choose the desired packages, select <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to proceed. &FC; checks your selection, and automatically adds any extra packages required to use the software you select. </para> <section id="sn-changing-selection"> <title>Changing Your Mind</title> <para> The packages that you select are not permanent. After you boot your system, use the <application>pirut</application> tool to either install new software or remove installed packages. To run this tool, from the main menu, select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Add/Remove Software</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. The &FED; software management system downloads the latest packages from network servers, rather than using those on the installation discs. </para> </section> <section id="sn-lang-packages"> <title>Additional Language Support</title>
<para> Your &FC; system automatically supports the language that you selected at the start of the installation process. To include support for additional languages, select the package group for those languages from the <guilabel>Languages</guilabel> category. </para>
</section> <section id="sn-mandatory-services"> <title>Core Network Services</title>
<para> All Fedora Core installations include the following network services: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> centralized logging through syslog </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> email through SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> network file sharing through NFS (Network File System) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> remote access through SSH (Secure SHell) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> resource advertising through mDNS (multicast DNS) </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> The default installation also provides: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> network file transfer through HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> printing through CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> remote desktop access through VNC (Virtual Network Computing) </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> Some automated processes on your Fedora system use the email service to send reports and messages to the system administrator. By default, the email, logging, and printing services do not accept connections from other systems. &FED; installs the NFS sharing, HTTP, and VNC components without enabling those services. </para>
<para> You may configure your Fedora system after installation to offer email, file sharing, logging, printing and remote desktop access services. The SSH service is enabled by default. You may use NFS to access files on other systems without enabling the NFS sharing service. </para> </section> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-preparing-media"> <title>Preparing Media</title> <indexterm> <primary>discs</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>media</primary> <secondary>installation</secondary> </indexterm> <para> To install &FC; from discs, you need any one of the following: </para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>a set of installation CDs or DVDs of the &FED; distribution</para> <tip> <title>Set Size May Vary</title> <para>In some cases, there may be only one disc in a set.</para> </tip> </listitem> <listitem> <para>A &FED; rescue CD</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>A &FED; boot-only CD</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> For instructions to download and prepare this CD or DVD installation media, refer to <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Distribution/Download"/>. If you already have the full set of &FC; installation media, skip to <xref linkend="sn-booting-from-disc"/>. </para>
<para> There are separate discs and sets for each supported architecture. </para> <important> <title>Architecture-Specific Distributions</title>
<para> To install &FC;, you must use the boot and installation media that is particular to your architecture. Refer to <xref linkend="sn-which-arch"/> for information on hardware architectures and how to determine the right one for your computer. </para> </important>
<para> You may use the first CD or DVD installation disc from the complete &FC; distribution to boot your computer. The &FC; distribution also includes <firstterm>image files</firstterm> for boot-only CD or DVD media and USB media. You can convert these files into bootable media using standard Linux utilities or third-party programs on other operating systems. </para>
<para> You may boot your computer with boot-only media, and load the installation system from another source to continue the process. The types of installation source for &FED; include: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> CD or DVD media installation discs </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> hard drive, either attached by USB, or internal to the computer </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> network installation server, using either HTTP, FTP, or NFS </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> You can use this facility to install &FC; on machines without using installation discs. For example, you may install &FC; on a laptop with no CD or DVD drive by booting the machine with a USB pen drive, and then using a hard drive as an installation source. </para>
<para> The supported boot media for &FED; include: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> CD or DVD media (either installation disc #1 or a special boot-only disc) </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> USB media </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> network interface (via PXE) </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<note> <title>Installation from Diskettes</title>
<para> There is no option to either boot or install &FC; from diskettes. </para> </note>
<section id="sn-preparing-cd-or-dvd-media"> <title>Preparing CD or DVD Media</title>
<para> The <filename>images/boot.iso</filename> file on the first &FC; installation disc is a boot image designed for CD and DVD media. This file also appears on FTP and Web sites providing &FC;. You can also find this file on mirror sites in the &FC; distribution directory for your particular architecture. </para>
<para> The &FC; distribution is also downloadable as a set of CD-sized ISO image files or a single DVD-sized ISO image file. You can record these files to CD or DVD using a CD or DVD burning program on your current operating system: </para>
<variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>Windows operating systems</term> <listitem> <para> Burn an ISO image to disc using your installed CD or DVD burning software. Most software has an option labeled <guilabel>Burn image file to disc</guilabel> or <guilabel>Make disc from ISO image</guilabel>. If your software offers a choice of image formats, choose "ISO image" as the file type. If several ISO formats are offered, choose the closest match to "Mode 1, 2048-byte blocks." </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Apple Mac OS X</term> <listitem> <para> Open the <guilabel>Disk Utility</guilabel> application, found in the <filename>/Applications/Utilities</filename> folder. Select <menuchoice> <guimenu>File</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Open Disk Image</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> and select the ISO image. From the list of volumes, select the item representing the ISO image. Select <guibutton>Burn</guibutton> and follow the instructions. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Linux operating systems</term> <listitem> <para> If you are using a recent version of the GNOME desktop environment, right-click the ISO image file and choose <guilabel>Write to disc</guilabel>. If you are using a recent version of the KDE desktop environment, use <application>K3B</application> and select <menuchoice> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Burn CD Image</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>, or <menuchoice> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Burn DVD ISO Image</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> if appropriate. The following command line works for many other environments: </para>
<screen> <userinput>cdrecord --device=<replaceable>cdwriter-device</replaceable> -tao -eject <replaceable>image-file.iso</replaceable></userinput> </screen>
</listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist>
<note> <title>System-Specific Instructions</title>
<para> Unfortunately this guide cannot offer specific instructions for every possible combination of hardware and software. You can find more information at <ulink url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Drafts/BurningDiscs"/>. Consult your operating system's documentation and online support services, and <xref linkend="sn-web-help"/> for additional help if needed. </para> </note> </section>
<section id="sn-preparing-usb-media"> <title>Preparing USB Boot Media</title>
<warning> <title>Data Loss</title>
<para> <emphasis>This procedure destroys data on the media.</emphasis> Back up any important information before you begin. Some models of USB media use additional partitions or software to provide functions such as encryption. This procedure may make it difficult or impossible to access these special areas on your boot media. </para> </warning>
<para> The <filename>images/diskboot.img</filename> file on the first &FC; installation disc is a boot image designed for USB media. This file also appears on FTP and Web sites providing &FC;. </para>
<para> Several software utilities are available for Windows and Linux that can write image files to a device. Linux includes the <command>dd</command> command for this purpose. </para>
<para> The <command>dd</command> utility requires you to specify the device file that corresponds to the physical media. The name of the device file matches the name assigned to the device by your system. All device files appear in the directory <filename>/dev/</filename>. For example, <filename>/dev/sda</filename> denotes the first USB, SATA, or SCSI device that is attached to the system. </para>
<para> To learn the name that your system assigns to the media: </para> <procedure> <step> <para> Open a terminal window. On a &FED; system, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> to start a terminal. </para> </step> <step> <para> Attach or insert the media. </para> </step> <step> <para> In the terminal window, type the following command: </para> <screen><userinput>dmesg</userinput></screen> <para> Look for the items in the <command>dmesg</command> output that relate to the detection of a new SCSI device. Linux systems treat USB media as SCSI devices. </para> <tip> <title>Using the Device Mapper</title> <para> On &FC; 5 and later systems, it may be easier to find the right device name by examining the <filename class="directory">/dev/disk/</filename> directory. Use the command <command>ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</command> to see the disk devices collated by model and device name. </para> </tip> </step> <step> <para> Unmount the media. On a &FED; system, right-click the icon that corresponds to the media, and select <guimenuitem>Unmount Volume</guimenuitem>. Alternatively, enter this command in a terminal window: </para>
<screen> <userinput>umount /dev/<replaceable><device></replaceable></userinput> </screen>
<para> Replace <replaceable><device></replaceable> with the name of the correct device file for the media. </para> </step> </procedure> <para> To write an image file to boot media with <command>dd</command> on a current version of &FC;, carry out the following steps: </para> <procedure> <step> <para> Locate the image file. </para> </step> <step> <para> Attach or insert the media. </para> </step> <step> <para> Your system may automatically detect and open the media. If that happens, close or unmount the media before continuing. </para> </step> <step> <para> Open a terminal window. </para> </step> <step> <para> In the terminal window, type the following command: </para>
<screen> <userinput>dd if=diskboot.img of=/dev/<replaceable><device></replaceable></userinput> </screen>
<para> Replace <replaceable><device></replaceable> with the name of the correct device file for the media. </para> </step> </procedure> </section> </chapter>
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<appendix id="ap-install-server"> <title>Setting Up an Installation Server</title> <note> <title>Experience Required</title> <para>This appendix is intended for users with previous Linux experience. If you are a new user, you may want to install using minimal boot media or the distribution DVD instead.</para> </note> <para>In the past, administrators needed to perform a great deal of manual configuration to produce an installation server. However, if you have a &RHEL;, CentOS, or Fedora server on your local network, you can use <package>cobbler</package> to perform these tasks.</para> <para>To perform the tasks in this section, switch to the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account with the command <command>su -</command>. As an alternative, you can run a command with the <option>-c</option> option, using the form <command>su -c '<replaceable>command</replaceable>'</command>.</para> <section id="sn-install-cobbler"> <title>Setting Up <package>cobbler</package></title> <para>To install <package>cobbler</package> use the following command:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[yum -y install cobbler]]></command></screen> <para>The <command>cobbler</command> command can check its own settings for validity and report the results. Run the following command to check the settings:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[cobbler check]]></command></screen> <para>Change the settings in the <filename>/var/lib/cobbler/settings</filename> file to reflect the IP address information for the server. You must change at least the <option>server</option> and <option>next_server</option> options, although these options may point to the same IP address.</para> <para>If you are not already running a DHCP server, you should also change the <option>manage_dhcp</option> option to <userinput>1</userinput>. If you are running a DHCP server, configure it according to the instructions found in the <package>syslinux</package> package documentation. For more information, refer to your local files <filename>/usr/share/doc/syslinux-<replaceable>version</replaceable>/syslinux.doc</filename> and <filename>/usr/share/doc/syslinux-<replaceable>version</replaceable>/pxelinux.doc</filename>.</para> </section> <section id="sn-cobbler-setup-distro"> <title>Setting Up the Distribution</title> <para>To set up a distribution from a full &DISTRO; DVD or ISO image, use this procedure.</para> <note> <title>Network Locations</title> <para>To create a local mirror from an existing network source, skip this section and refer instead to <xref linkend="sn-cobbler-mirror"/>.</para> </note> <procedure> <step> <para>If you are using a DVD disc or ISO image, Create a directory mount point:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[mkdir /mnt/dvd]]></command></screen> <para>To mount a physical DVD disc, use the following command:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[mount -o context=system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 /dev/dvd /mnt/dvd]]></command></screen> <para>To mount a DVD ISO image, use the following command:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[mount -ro loop,context=system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 /path/to/image.iso /mnt/dvd]]></command></screen> </step> <step> <para>To support NFS installation, create a file <filename>/etc/exports</filename> and add the following line to it:</para> <screen><![CDATA[/mnt/dvd *(ro,async)]]></screen> <para>Start the NFS server using the following commands:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[/sbin/service rpcbind start /sbin/service nfs start]]></command></screen> </step> <step> <para>To support HTTP installation, use <command>yum</command> to install the Apache web server if it is not already installed:</para> <screen><command><![CDATA[yum -y install httpd]]></command></screen> <para>Make a link to the mounted disc in the Apache public content area:</para> <screen><command>ln -s /mnt/dvd /var/www/html/<replaceable>distro</replaceable></command></screen> </step> </procedure> </section> <section id="sn-cobbler-mirror"> <title>Mirroring a Network Location</title> <para>If you do not have discs or ISO images for a distribution, you can use <command>cobbler</command> to create an installation server. The <command>cobbler</command> command can fetch the distribution over the network as part of the import process.</para> <para>Locate the distribution on the network. The location may be on the local network or reached at a remote site via FTP, HTTP, or rsync protocols. Note the URI, which will be in one of the following forms:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><uri>http://mirror.example.com/pub/&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/&am...<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os</uri></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><uri>ftp://mirror.example.com/pub/&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/&DISTRO;/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os</uri></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><uri>rsync://mirror.example.com/&FEDLC;/linux/releases/&DISTROVER;/&DISTRO;/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/os</uri></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </section> <section id="sn-cobbler-import"> <title>Importing the Distribution</title> <para>To offer a distribution through more than one installation method, perform additional <command>cobbler import</command> tasks using a different name for each method. For best results, use the installation method as part of the name, so it appears in the client's boot menu.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>To import the DVD disc or ISO distribution into <command>cobbler</command>, run this command:</para> <screen><command>cobbler import --path=/mnt/dvd --name=<replaceable>distro_name</replaceable></command></screen> <para>For <replaceable>distro_name</replaceable>, substitute a meaningful name for the distribution.</para> <para>To import a local or remote network distribution into <command>cobbler</command>, run this command. Replace <replaceable>network_URI</replaceable> with the URI you found in <xref linkend="sn-cobbler-mirror"/>, and <replaceable>distro_name</replaceable> as above:</para> <screen><command>cobbler import --mirror=<replaceable>network_URI</replaceable> --name=<replaceable>distro_name</replaceable></command></screen> <important> <title>Importing a Source</title> <para>When <command>cobbler</command> imports a distribution with the commands above, it copies all the files to the server's local storage, which may take some time.</para> </important> <para>If you do not want to make local copies of the distribution because clients can already reach its location, use the <option>--available-as</option> option.</para> <screen><command>cobbler import --path=/mnt/dvd --name=<replaceable>distro_name</replaceable> --available-as=<replaceable>network_URI</replaceable></command> <command>cobbler import --mirror=<replaceable>network_URI</replaceable> --name=<replaceable>distro_name</replaceable> --available-as=<replaceable>network_URI</replaceable></command> </screen> <para>For <replaceable>nework_URI</replaceable>, substitute the appropriate network location of the distribution. This URI indicates how the server makes the distribution available to its clients. The examples above assume that your <command>cobbler</command> server reaches the mirror location at the same URI as the clients. If not, substitute an appropriate URI for the <option>--mirror</option> option. The following examples are URI locations that work if you have been following the procedures in this section, and your server's IP address is <systemitem class="ipaddress">192.168.1.1</systemitem>:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><uri>nfs://<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>:/mnt/dvd</uri></para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><uri>http://<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>:/distro</uri></para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>If necessary, replace <replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable> with the IP address for your <command>cobbler</command> server.</para> </step> <step> <para>Run the command <command>cobbler sync</command> to apply the changes. To check that your <command>cobbler</command> server is listening on the correct ports, use the <command>netstat -lp</command> command.</para> <important> <title>Firewall Considerations</title> <para>Depending on your server's configuration, you may need to use the <command>system-config-securitylevel</command> command to permit access to some or all of these network services:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>67 or bootps, for the DHCP/BOOTP server</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>69 or tftp, for providing the PXE loader</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>80 or http, if the <command>cobbler</command> server is to provide HTTP installation service</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>20 and 21 or ftp, if the <command>cobbler</command> server is to provide FTP installation service</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>111 or sunrpc, if the <command>cobbler</command> server is to provide NFS installation service</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </important> </step> </procedure> </section> </appendix>
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<chapter id="ch-rootpassword"> <title>Set the Root Password</title>
<para> &FED; uses a special account named <indexterm> <primary>root account</primary> </indexterm> <firstterm><systemitem class="username">root</systemitem></firstterm> for system administration. The <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account on a Linux system is not subject to most normal account restrictions. As the system owner or administrator, you may sometimes require special privileges to configure or modify the system. In those cases, use the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account. </para>
<important> <title>Using the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> Account</title> <para> Avoid logging in to &FC; as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> when possible. Any administration tools which require <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> privileges will prompt you for the password. </para> </important>
<para> The &FED; installation program requires the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password to be at least six characters long. Because the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account may potentially control any part of the system, use the following guidelines to create a good password: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> Use a combination of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation and other characters. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Do not use a word or name. Obscuring the word or name with substitute characters is not effective. </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> Do not use the same password for more than one system. </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> The following are examples of good passwords: </para>
<itemizedlist> <listitem> <para> <systemitem>f9*@1Ls99A</systemitem> </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> <systemitem>HL8$391%%rb</systemitem> </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> <systemitem>Iwtb,10^th</systemitem> </para> </listitem> </itemizedlist>
<para> Enter the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password into the <guilabel>Root Password</guilabel> field. &FED; displays the characters as asterisks for security. Type the same password into the <guilabel>Confirm</guilabel> field to ensure it is set correctly. After you set the root password, select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> to proceed. </para>
</chapter>
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--- NEW FILE rpm-info.xml --- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE rpm-info PUBLIC "-//Fedora//DTD Docs RPM-INFO V1.0//EN" "http://docs.fedoraproject.org/dtds/rpm-info.dtd"> <rpm-info> <colophon> <worker surname="Ellis" firstname="Stuart" othername="" id="StuartEllis" email="stuart@elsn.org" wholename="Stuart Ellis" initials="SE"/> <worker surname="Frields" firstname="Paul" othername="W." id="PaulWFrields" email="stickster@gmail.com" wholename="Paul W. Frields" initials="PWF"/> <worker email="Tommy.Reynolds@MegaCoder.com" firstname="Tommy" id="megacoder" initials="JTR" surname="Reynolds" wholename="Tommy Reynolds"/> <worker email="kwade@redhat.com" firstname="Karsten" id="quaid" initials="KW" surname="Wade" wholename="Karsten Wade"/> </colophon> <author worker="StuartEllis"/> <author worker="PaulWFrields"/> <license> <rights>OPL</rights> <version>1.0</version> </license> <copyright> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <holder>Red Hat, Inc.</holder> <holder>Stuart Ellis</holder> <holder>Paul W. Frields</holder> </copyright> <title>Fedora 8 Installation Guide</title> <desc>Provides documentation for the installation process.</desc> <changelog order="newest-first"> <revision date="2007-10-11" number="8.0.0"> <author worker="PaulWFrields"/> <details>Add information on upgrading a distribution</details> </revision> <revision date="2007-10-06" number="7.92.2"> <author worker="PaulWFrields"/> <details>Add cobbler information for install servers</details> </revision> <revision date="2007-09-22" number="7.92.1"> <author worker="PaulWFrields"/> <details>Update some content for F8</details> </revision> </changelog> </rpm-info>
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<appendix id="ap-techref"> <title>Other Technical Documentation</title> <para> This document provides a reference for using the &FC; installation software, known as <command>anaconda</command>. To learn more about <indexterm> <primary>Anaconda</primary> </indexterm> <command>anaconda</command>, visit the project Web page: <ulink url="http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda"/>. </para> <para> Both <command>anaconda</command> and &FC; systems use a common set of software components. For detailed information on key technologies, refer to the Web sites listed below: </para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term>Boot Loader</term> <listitem> <para> &FC; uses the <indexterm> <primary>GRUB</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> <command>GRUB</command> boot loader. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/> for more information. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Disk Partitioning</term> <listitem> <para> &FC; uses <command>parted</command> to partition disks. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/"/> for more information. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Storage Management</term> <listitem> <para> <indexterm> <primary>LVM</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> Logical Volume Management (LVM) provides administrators with a range of facilities to manage storage. By default, the &FED; installation process formats drives as LVM volumes. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/"/> for more information. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Audio Support</term> <listitem> <para> The Linux kernel used by &FC; incorporates <indexterm> <primary>ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture)</primary> </indexterm> ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture). For more information about ALSA, refer to the project Web site: <ulink url="http://www.alsa-project.org/"/>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Graphics System</term> <listitem> <para> Both the installation system and &FC; use the <indexterm> <primary>Xorg</primary> </indexterm> <command>Xorg</command> suite to provide graphical capabilities. Components of <command>Xorg</command> manage the display, keyboard and mouse for the desktop environments that users interact with. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.x.org/"/> for more information. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Remote Displays</term> <listitem> <para> &FC; and <command>anaconda</command> include <indexterm> <primary>VNC (Virtual Network Computing)</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> VNC (Virtual Network Computing) software to enable remote access to graphical displays. For more information about VNC, refer to the documentation on the RealVNC Web site: <ulink url="http://www.realvnc.com/documentation.html"/>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Command-line Interface</term> <listitem> <para> By default, &FC; uses the GNU <command>bash</command> shell to provide a command-line interface. The GNU Core Utilities complete the command-line environment. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/bash.html"/> for more information on <command>bash</command>. To learn more about the GNU Core Utilities, refer to <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/"/>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Remote System Access</term> <listitem> <para> &FC; incorporates the <indexterm> <primary>OpenSSH</primary> <seealso>SSH</seealso> </indexterm> OpenSSH suite to provide remote access to the system. The SSH <indexterm> <primary>SSH (Secure SHell)</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> service enables a number of functions, which include access to the command-line from other systems, remote command execution, and network file transfers. During the installation process <command>anaconda</command> may use the <command>scp</command> <indexterm> <primary>scp</primary> <seealso>SSH</seealso> </indexterm> feature of OpenSSH to transfer crash reports to remote systems. Refer to the OpenSSH Web site for more information: <ulink url="http://www.openssh.com/"/>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Access Control</term> <listitem> <para> <indexterm> <primary>&SEL;</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> &SEL; provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) capabilities that supplement the standard Linux security features. Refer to the &SEL; FAQ for more information: <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/selinux-faq/"/>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Firewall</term> <listitem> <para> The Linux kernel used by &FC; incorporates the <command>netfilter</command> framework to provide <indexterm> <primary>firewall</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> firewall features. The Netfilter project website provides documentation for both <command>netfilter</command>, and the <command>iptables</command> administration facilities: <ulink url="http://netfilter.org/documentation/index.html"/>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Software Installation</term> <listitem> <para> &FC; uses <indexterm> <primary>yum</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> <command>yum</command> to manage the RPM packages that make up the system. Refer to <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/yum/"/> for more information. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term>Virtualization</term> <listitem> <para> <indexterm> <primary>Virtualization</primary> <secondary>documentation</secondary> </indexterm> Virtualization provides the capability to simultaneously run multiple operating systems on the same computer. &FC; also includes tools to install and manage the secondary systems on a &FED; host. You may select virtualization support during the installation process, or at any time thereafter. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/Virtualization"/> for more information. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </appendix>
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<chapter id="ch-timezone"> <title>Time Zone Selection</title> <para> This screen allows you to specify the correct time zone for the location of your computer. Specify a time zone even if you plan to use <indexterm> <primary>NTP (Network Time Protocol)</primary> </indexterm> NTP (Network Time Protocol) to maintain the accuracy of the system clock. </para> <section id="sn-selecting-timezone"> <title>Selecting a Time Zone</title>
<para> &FED; displays on the screen two methods for selecting the time zone. To select a time zone using the map, first place your mouse pointer over your region on the map. Click once to magnify that region on the map. Next, select the yellow dot that represents the city nearest to your location. Once you select a dot, it becomes a red <guilabel>X</guilabel> to indicate your selection. </para>
<para> To select a time zone using the list, select the name of the city nearest to your location. The cities are listed in alphabetical order. </para> </section> <section id="sn-utc"> <title>Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC)</title> <indexterm> <primary>UTC (Universal Co-ordinated time)</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm> <primary>GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)</primary> <see>UTC</see> </indexterm> <para>For purposes of addressing time zones, Universal Co-ordinated Time is also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).</para>
<para> If &FC; is the only operating system on your computer, select <guilabel>System clock uses UTC</guilabel>. The system clock is a piece of hardware on your computer system. &FC; uses the timezone setting to determine the offset between the local time and UTC on the system clock. This behavior is standard for UNIX-like operating systems. </para>
<caution> <title>Windows and the System Clock</title>
<para> Do not enable the <guilabel>System clock uses UTC</guilabel> option if your machine also runs Microsoft Windows. Microsoft operating systems change the BIOS clock to match local time rather than UTC. This may cause unexpected behavior under &FC;. </para> </caution>
<para> Select <guibutton>Next</guibutton> to proceed. </para> </section> </chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-upgrading-system"> <title>Upgrading an Existing System</title>
<para> The installation system automatically detects any existing installation of &FC;. The upgrade process updates the existing system software with new versions, but does not remove any data from users' home directories. The existing partition structure on your hard drives does not change. Your system configuration changes only if a package upgrade demands it. Most package upgrades do not change system configuration, but rather install an additional configuration file for you to examine later. </para>
<section id="sn-upgrade-examine"> <title>Upgrade Examine</title>
<para> If your system contains a &FC; or &RHL; installation, a dialog appears asking whether you want to upgrade that installation. To perform an upgrade of an existing system, choose the appropriate installation from the drop-down list and select <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. </para>
<note> <title>Manually Installed Software</title> <para> Software which you have installed manually on your existing &FC; or &RHL; system may behave differently after an upgrade. You may need to manually recompile this software after an upgrade to ensure it performs correctly on the updated system. </para> </note> </section>
<section id="sn-upgrade-tree"> <title>Upgrading Using the Installer</title> <tip> <title>Installations are Recommended</title> <para>In general, the &FP; recommends that you keep user data on a separate <filename class="partition">/home</filename> partition and perform a fresh installation. For more information on partitions and how to set them up, refer to <xref linkend="ch-disk-partitioning"/>.</para> </tip> <para>If you choose to upgrade your system using the installation program, any software not provided by &DISTRO; that conflicts with &DISTRO; software is overwritten. Before you begin an upgrade this way, make a list of your system's current packages for later reference:</para>
<screen><command><![CDATA[rpm -qa --qf '%{NAME} %{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} %{ARCH} > ~/old-pkglist.txt']]></command></screen>
<para>After installation, consult this list to discover which packages you may need to rebuild or retrieve from non-&DISTRO; software repositories.</para> <para>Next, make a backup of any system configuration data:</para>
<screen><command><![CDATA[su -c 'tar czf /tmp/etc-`date +%F`.tar.gz /etc' mv /tmp/etc-*.tar.gz ~]]></command></screen>
<para>You should also make a complete backup of any important data before performing an upgrade. Important data may include the contents of your entire <filename class="directory">/home</filename> directory as well as content from services such as an Apache, FTP, or SQL server, or a source code management system. Although upgrades are not destructive, if you perform one improperly there is a small possibility of data loss.</para> <warning> <title>Storing Backups</title> <para>Note that the above examples store backup materials in a <filename class="directory">/home</filename> directory. If your <filename class="directory">/home</filename> directory is not a separate partition, <emphasis>you should not follow these examples verbatim!</emphasis> Store your backups on another device such as CD or DVD discs or an external hard disk.</para> </warning> <para>For more information on completing the upgrade process later, refer to <xref linkend="sn-finishing-upgrade"/>.</para> </section>
<section id="sn-upgrading-bootloader"> <title>Upgrading Boot Loader Configuration</title>
<para> <indexterm> <primary>boot loader</primary> <secondary>upgrading</secondary> </indexterm> Your completed &FC; installation must be registered in the <indexterm> <primary>boot loader</primary> <seealso>GRUB</seealso> </indexterm> <firstterm>boot loader</firstterm> to boot properly. A boot loader is software on your machine that locates and starts the operating system. Refer to <xref linkend="ch-bootloader" /> for more information about boot loaders. </para> <para> If the existing boot loader was installed by a Linux distribution, the installation system can modify it to load the new &FC; system. To update the existing Linux boot loader, select <guilabel>Update boot loader configuration</guilabel>. This is the default behavior when you upgrade an existing &FC; or &RHL; installation. </para>
<para> <firstterm>GRUB</firstterm> is the standard boot loader for &FED;. If your machine uses another boot loader, such as <trademark>BootMagic</trademark>, <trademark>System Commander</trademark>, or the loader installed by Microsoft Windows, then the &FED; installation system cannot update it. In this case, select <guilabel>Skip boot loader updating</guilabel>. When the installation process completes, refer to the documentation for your product for assistance. </para>
<para> Install a new boot loader as part of an upgrade process only if you are certain you want to replace the existing boot loader. If you install a new boot loader, you may not be able to boot other operating systems on the same machine until you have configured the new boot loader. Select <guilabel>Create new boot loader configuration</guilabel> to remove the existing boot loader and install GRUB. </para>
<para> After you make your selection, click <guibutton>Next</guibutton> to continue. </para>
</section>
</chapter>
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<chapter id="ch-welcome"> <title>Welcome Dialog</title>
<para> After the installation program loads its next stage, a welcome dialog appears. Select <guilabel>Next</guilabel> to continue. </para> <section id="sn-initialize-hdd"> <title>Initializing the Hard Disk</title> <para>If no readable partition tables are found on existing hard disks, the installation program asks to initialize the hard disk. This operation makes any existing data on the hard disk unreadable. If your system has a brand new hard disk with no operating system installed, or you have removed all partitions on the hard disk, answer <guilabel>Yes</guilabel>.</para> </section> <section id="sn-raid-config"> <title>RAID or Other Nonstandard Configurations</title> <para>Certain RAID systems or other nonstandard configurations may be unreadable to the installation program and the aforementioned prompt may appear. The installation program responds to the physical disk structures it is able to detect.</para> <warning> <title>Detach Unneeded Disks</title> <para>If you have a nonstandard disk configuration that can be detached during installation and detected and configured afterward, power off the system, detach it, and restart the installation.</para> </warning> </section> </chapter>
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