users June 2024

users@lists.fedoraproject.org

73 participants
65 discussions

btrfs send command - why do I get these long times?
by Philip Rhoades 09 Jun '24

09 Jun '24

People, For decades I have been using rsync for all my backup needs - but with F40 I finally made the break from extx to btrfs for my workstation which introduced me to the concept of btrfs subvolumes and the possibility of snapshots. Since subvolumes don't provide security if the whole partition crashes, I have been experimenting with using btrfs "send" the created snapshots to another partition - and from there to separate backup drives and other computers. Here I made three snapshots of / on my workstation, making trivial changes to /etc/hosts between each snapshot and then finally sending all three snapshots to the /home dir ie: # for subvol in /z_btrfs_ss/*; do time btrfs send $subvol | btrfs receive /home/z_btrfs_ss/ ; done At subvol /z_btrfs_ss/root_20240609_022356 At subvol root_20240609_022356 real 14m2.764s user 0m1.405s sys 0m51.704s At subvol /z_btrfs_ss/root_20240609_022807 At subvol root_20240609_022807 real 8m58.384s user 0m1.499s sys 0m59.899s At subvol /z_btrfs_ss/root_20240609_035045 At subvol root_20240609_035045 real 5m53.532s user 0m1.472s sys 1m0.015s What I don't understand is that when creating the snapshots originally, the time to create them is almost zero but when using btrfs send to the other partition the times are _much_ longer. I guess it makes sense that the first send of the first snapshot is slow, but why are the second and third sends not much better? My previous script using rsync for incremental backups of a file system / dir is faster - I can check the times if anyone is interested . . Thanks, Phil. -- Philip Rhoades PO Box 896 Cowra NSW 2794 Australia E-mail: phil(a)pricom.com.au

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BTRFS disk arrangement on new build. Cockpit says home var and root not mounted
by Javier Perez 09 Jun '24

09 Jun '24

Hi. I just finished a new build to replace my current build. After installing cockpit, and checking Storage, i noticed some warnings about the disks. It claims that /root, /home and /var are not mounted. I think they are. I just wonder if I am doing something wrong or weird here and I'd appreciate a second look. Here is my fdisk root@pepewin2:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 232.89 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors Disk model: CT250MX500SSD1 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: BC00B518-F1B2-4E9B-9974-1D9612A26EF6 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M EFI System /dev/sda2 2050048 6244351 4194304 2G Linux extended boot /dev/sda3 6244352 488396799 482152448 229.9G Linux filesystem Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 3.64 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors Disk model: CT4000P3PSSD8 Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/zram0: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Here is my fstab root@pepewin2:~# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Jun 1 00:44:00 2024 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # UUID=f487ad1f-706e-48ae-bf48-6250db089806 / btrfs subvol=root,compress=zstd:1 0 0 UUID=bdbee4ec-ad70-4099-bd9b-ae5fade659d7 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=6685-48C2 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2 UUID=14b53d5c-55ac-476b-86eb-d775f3d27a28 /home btrfs subvol=home 0 0 UUID=14b53d5c-55ac-476b-86eb-d775f3d27a28 /var btrfs subvol=var 0 0 Here are my subvols root@pepewin2:~# btrfs subvol list / ID 258 gen 1645 top level 5 path root root@pepewin2:~# btrfs subvol list /home ID 256 gen 15289 top level 5 path home ID 257 gen 15289 top level 5 path var root@pepewin2:~# btrfs subvol list /var ID 256 gen 15289 top level 5 path home ID 257 gen 15289 top level 5 path var root@pepewin2:~# cat /etc/fstab and here is what mount says... root@pepewin2:~# mount /dev/sda3 on / type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=258,subvol=/root) devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=4096k,nr_inodes=4066606,mode=755,inode64) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,inode64) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel) efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) bpf on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700) configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,size=6522228k,nr_inodes=819200,mode=755,inode64) selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=37,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=10692) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,pagesize=2M) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel) tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) /dev/nvme0n1 on /var type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/var) /dev/nvme0n1 on /home type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=256,subvol=/home) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,nr_inodes=1048576,inode64) /dev/sda2 on /boot type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel) /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime) tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=3261112k,nr_inodes=815278,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000,inode64) portal on /run/user/1000/doc type fuse.portal (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000) And here is the output of Cockpit Storage IDTypeLocationSize nvme0n1 - CT4000P3PSSD8 (2402E88D0974) btrfs filesystem 4.00 TB / btrfs subvolume (not mounted) home btrfs subvolume /home (not mounted) var btrfs subvolume /var (not mounted) sda - CT250MX500SSD1 (2249E6914388) GPT partitions 250 GB sda1 vfat filesystem (EFI system partition) /boot/efi 0.020 / 1.0 GB sda2 ext4 filesystem /boot 0.66 / 2.0 GB sda3 btrfs filesystem 247 GB / btrfs subvolume (not mounted) root btrfs subvolume/ (not mounted) Is there something am I not doing that I should have done? Thanks -- ------------------------------ /\_/\ |O O| pepebuho(a)gmail.com ~~~~ Javier Perez ~~~~ While the night runs ~~~~ toward the day... m m Pepebuho watches from his high perch.

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update
by Patrick Dupre 08 Jun '24

08 Jun '24

Hello, I update a machine by dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=40 However, I had to run dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=40 --allowerasing But I forgot to save the list of files which had to be removed. Can I recover the list of files which have been erased? Thanks =========================================================================== Patrick DUPRÉ | | email: pdupre(a)gmx.com ===========================================================================

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number of lines on console
by Greg Woods 07 Jun '24

07 Jun '24

I've spent about an hour searching without finding an answer. Is there any way from the kernel command line (i.e. by editing the GRUB entry) to control the number of lines on the console? I installed Fedora 39 on a USB stick so that I can use it to boot other computers to diagnose problems with the installed OS. The problem is that when it is booting, the latest console messages are off the bottom of the screen so that I can't see what it's doing (this is on a standard 1920x1080 HD monitor in this case). If the boot hangs, then of course the last few messages are the crucial ones to see. Once the machine is booted, of course, then I can log in and use tools such as "stty" to set the number of rows and cure this problem, but I need something that will take effect during system startup before the login prompt comes up. Thank you, --Greg

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boot in read only
by Patrick Dupre 06 Jun '24

06 Jun '24

Hello, I am trying to understand why I boot in a read-only mode (I have to do mount -o rw,remount /) I found in/var/log/message gsd-usb-protect[1905]: Failed to fetch USBGuard parameters: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name is not activatable systemd[1240]: Starting xdg-document-portal.service - flatpak document portal service... Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: Failed to grab accelerator for keybinding settings:playback-random Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: Failed to grab accelerator for keybinding settings:screensaver Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: Failed to grab accelerator for keybinding settings:hibernate Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: Failed to grab accelerator for keybinding settings:playback-repeat Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: Failed to grab accelerator for keybinding settings:rotate-video-lock Dependency failed for xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.service - Portal service (GNOME implementation). Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide systemd[1240]: xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.service: Job xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.service/start failed with result 'dependency'. Jun 6 13:08:06 Teucidide systemd[1240]: graphical-session.target - Current graphical user session is inactive. gnome-terminal-[2264]: Failed to load module "pk-gtk-module" wireplumber[2291]: spa.bluez5: BlueZ system service is not available Jun 6 13:08:09 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: gvc_mixer_card_get_index: assertion 'GVC_IS_MIXER_CARD (card)' failed Jun 6 13:08:09 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: gvc_mixer_card_get_index: assertion 'GVC_IS_MIXER_CARD (card)' failed Jun 6 13:08:09 Teucidide gsd-media-keys[1907]: Unable to get default sink system_r:systemd_logind_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:unlabeled_t:s0 tclass=dir permissive=0 Jun 6 13:09:42 Teucidide systemd-logind[994]: Failed to open parent directory of "/boot": Permission denied Jun 6 13:09:42 Teucidide kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1717672182.777:304): avc: denied { getattr } for pid=994 comm="systemd-logind" path="/boot" dev="sdc4" ino=2 scontext=system_u:system_r:systemd_logind_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:unlabeled_t:s0 tclass=dir permissive=0 =========================================================================== Patrick DUPRÉ | | email: pdupre(a)gmx.com ===========================================================================

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fsck
by Patrick Dupre 06 Jun '24

06 Jun '24

Hello, file -Ls /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc5: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=1ea2d462-244f-4959-9a62-99a7288aa38c, volume name "root_sec" (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files) but fsck /dev/sdc5 fsck from util-linux 2.38.1 If you wish to check the consistency of a BTRFS filesystem or repair a damaged filesystem, see btrfs(8) subcommand 'check'. Why that? =========================================================================== Patrick DUPRÉ | | email: pdupre(a)gmx.com ===========================================================================

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Re: How to remove settings from a systemd unit file
by R. G. Newbury 06 Jun '24

06 Jun '24

On 2024-06-05 00:06, users-request(a)lists.fedoraproject.org wrote: > From: Jeffrey Walton<noloader(a)gmail.com> > On Tue, Jun 4, 2024 at 7:24 PM Sam Varshavchik<mrsam(a)courier-mta.com> wrote: >> So I was tearing my hair out trying to figure out why attempts to push via >> DAV to a git repo were failing. .... >> However this apparently did not work. I threw in the towel and just edited >> /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service and commented this setting out, entirely, >> to finally fix this issue, and happy git pushing resumed. >> >> But how do I fix this so that the next apache update doesn't clobber this? > I think a better choice is to leave the systemd unit files alone. Then > you don't have to worry about your changes getting reverted on updates > and system upgrades. > > I also think it is better to avoid serving files from your home > directory. Instead, use /var. Install your Git-managed project in > /var/git (and your Subversion projects in /var/svn). Add a git user, > and make ownership of /var/git as root:git. Finally, change the > server's document root to/var/git/<project>. > > This setup works well for me. The only problem I have encountered is > Git's fix for CVE-2022-24765 a/k/a safe directories. Safe directories > caused a big DoS at my site. Also see > <https://github.com/git/git/commit/8959555cee7e>. > > Jeff I agree with your first point about not *serving* files from /home. I disagree with your 'fix' in using /var. Notwithstanding the anaconda installer's indications and instructions NOT TO, the installer always seems to WIPE the /var partition. Accordingly, you should use a symlink from /var/git (or in my case(s) /var/lib/mysql and /var/www/html) to somewhere else which will remain stable across a re-install. In my case I point these instances to an actual "physical" partition which is /misc, which allows me to easily back-up all the active 'stuff'. (It's really meta to describe a 'partition' on an SSD as 'physical'... but there we are.) Yes, it's a little more work on an actual re-install but I have some 'run-once' script lines in /etc/rc.d/rc.local which handles all of the stuff I would not remember how to do, much less remember to do... And Jeff, you should remember that it is spelt: Geoff

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start services
by Patrick Dupre 05 Jun '24

05 Jun '24

Hello, Is there a way to start an installed fedora in rescue mode and then start the services one by one as fedora would have done in normal boot? Before the rescue mode was obtained by setting single-user Thanks. =========================================================================== Patrick DUPRÉ | | email: pdupre(a)gmx.com ===========================================================================

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grub2-mkconfig
by Patrick Dupre 05 Jun '24

05 Jun '24

Hello, I am still stuck with my installation. Question Why grub2-mkconfig says Found Fedora Linux 36 (Workstation Edition) on /dev/sdb11 Found Fedora Linux 40 (Forty) on /dev/sdc3 Found Fedora Linux 36 (Workstation Edition) on /dev/mapper/VolSys_2-root Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ... done but in the generated file (grub.cfg) there is no reference to Fedora 40 or sdc3 In addition there are a lot of references to Linux 36 (Workstation Edition) on /dev/sdb11 ? Thanks =========================================================================== Patrick DUPRÉ | | email: pdupre(a)gmx.com ===========================================================================

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How to remove settings from a systemd unit file
by Sam Varshavchik 05 Jun '24

05 Jun '24

So I was tearing my hair out trying to figure out why attempts to push via DAV to a git repo were failing. Eventually I succeeded in stracing the httpd process sto capture the request. It was getting an EROFS when it tried to write to the git repo. Amusing. To make a long story short, the culprit was: ProtectHome=read-only in /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service,(the git repo was in a directory inside a mounted /home partition). I tried using systemctl edit httpd And putting this in there: [Service] ProtectHome= However this apparently did not work. I threw in the towel and just edited /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service and commented this setting out, entirely, to finally fix this issue, and happy git pushing resumed. But how do I fix this so that the next apache update doesn't clobber this?

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