On 11/3/24 1:35 PM, Stephen Morris wrote:

     When I issued the command sudo dnf upgrade needs-restarting, it updated and loaded all the repositories and said there was nothing to do.

     When I issued the command immediately after the above one, sudo dnf needs-restarting, it updated and loaded all the repositories again and said "No core libraries or services have been updated since boot-up. Reboot should not be necessary".

     When I issue the command immediately after the 2nd command above, sudo dnf upgrade, It loaded all the repositories and then said there were 193 packages to upgrade and 195 packages to replace.

     Given that there were updates to put on why did the first command not put the updates on and then display whether or not as a result a restart was required and for which packages?

Your first command was telling dnf to upgrade a package called "needs-restarting".  You can only give dnf one command at a time.

Nothing to do with dnf5.  That's how it's always worked.