Samuel,
I did not receive any error messages during or after the upgrade. My first clue was a cron entry that failed with a message that the postgresql db wasn't running.
Like you, I thought the problem was fixed. (I did add to the bugzilla report you referenced in 2017) From searching on the problem, it appears that it is still happening. That's where I found what appeared to be a solution, which didn't work for me.
Because I have currently daily backups, I went ahead and restored my database manually.
The good news is that Postgresql 10.4 has better support for partitioning. I'm now in the process of learning how to partition my almost 60M record table. I've been putting it off until Fedora included postgresql 10.
Clifford