My firs attempt to install Linux to my computer failed totally. After it I had to reinstall all. The first Linux was Fedora core 3 or 4. After trying other distros I recently installed Fedora Core 5 which I like very much. It's slick (very fast) and looks nice. But every time I start Fedora a message appears: "100% disk space on boot is in use". Does that be a problem in the future? Recently I have three hard disks on my computer as you can see:
[code] [root@localhost fossiili]# /sbin/fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 1 1 8001 8e Linux LVM /dev/hda2 2 4358 34997602+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/hda3 * 4359 9729 43142557+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/hda5 2 4358 34997571 7 HPFS/NTFS
Disk /dev/hdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 19457 156183930 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sda: 122.9 GB, 122942324736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14946 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 255 2048256 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda2 256 14946 118005457+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
Disk /dev/dm-0: 157.8 GB, 157806493696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19185 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-1: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table [/CODE]
hda and sda are used by Windows, except hda1 which is a souvenir from my last trip to Fedora Core world , what to do with hda1?
hdb is a large disk 160 GB and allocated for Linuxes. There were some partitions which I had thought for Fedora's use. Unfortunately I was frighten while installing Fedora because I remember the previous Fedora installation. I did not find the way to get partition manager to do what I wanted so I gave all hdb to Fedora. The installation seemed to proceed well, but after it I could not start neither Fedora nor Windows. Fortunately I could repair Windows installation and also the Grub, thanks to good advice from different countries.
I know, that LVM makes me possible to change logical volumes but not just the one were /boot is residing. I am not very keen on installing Fedora again, but is there any other possibility?
Is it possible to repartition hdb in Fedora so that I could install an other distro also to hdb?
Heikki Pesonen wrote:
My firs attempt to install Linux to my computer failed totally. After it I had to reinstall all. The first Linux was Fedora core 3 or 4. After trying other distros I recently installed Fedora Core 5 which I like very much. It's slick (very fast) and looks nice. But every time I start Fedora a message appears: "100% disk space on boot is in use". Does that be a problem in the future? Recently I have three hard disks on my computer as you can see:
What it is telling you is that the /boot partition is full. This may be a problem when you go to install a new kernel. You can find out where your /boot partition is by running "mount | grep boot". You may also want to take a look at the /boot directory on your system to see what is all in there. If you post the output of "ls /boot" and "cat /boot/grub/grub.conf" and we can poit out files you may safely delete.
Mikkel
Il giorno gio, 29/06/2006 alle 18.33 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto:
hda and sda are used by Windows, except hda1 which is a souvenir from my last trip to Fedora Core world , what to do with hda1?
Where is your boot partition? It's in hda1 (LVM)? Maybe that LVM can be expanded. You can post the output of vgdisplay -v?
hdb is a large disk 160 GB and allocated for Linuxes. There were some partitions which I had thought for Fedora's use. Unfortunately I was frighten while installing Fedora because I remember the previous Fedora installation. I did not find the way to get partition manager to do what I wanted so I gave all hdb to Fedora. The installation seemed to proceed well, but after it I could not start neither Fedora nor Windows. Fortunately I could repair Windows installation and also the Grub, thanks to good advice from different countries.
I know, that LVM makes me possible to change logical volumes but not just the one were /boot is residing. I am not very keen on installing Fedora again, but is there any other possibility?
The boot filesystem can be expanded for example by booting from a live cd. If you have free space on LV.
Is it possible to repartition hdb in Fedora so that I could install an other distro also to hdb?
You want not to loss data? In this case it's possible, but you have to change filesystem size and LV to shrink it, if you don't have free space on VG. With vgdisplay -v we can see if you can or not
Bye Ambrogio
Ambrogio kirjoitti viestissään (lähetysaika torstai, 29. kesäkuuta 2006 18:51):
Where is your boot partition? It's in hda1 (LVM)? Maybe that LVM can be expanded. You can post the output of vgdisplay -v?
/boot can't be on LVM, it must be a normal partition.
On Thu, Jun 29, 2006 at 06:33:02PM +0300, Heikki Pesonen wrote:
My firs attempt to install Linux to my computer failed totally. After it I had to reinstall all. The first Linux was Fedora core 3 or 4. After trying other distros I recently installed Fedora Core 5 which I like very much. It's slick (very fast) and looks nice. But every time I start Fedora a message appears: "100% disk space on boot is in use". Does that be a problem in the future? Recently I have three hard disks on my computer as you can see:
Disk /dev/hdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 19457 156183930 8e Linux LVM
I conclude from your fdisk output that your /boot partition is hdb1. It looks like it should be big enough. In fact it's the same size as mine, 114MB.
I have three kernels installed on my desktop and they occupy all of 13MB. Here's a complete list of it:
[root@charlesc images]# ll /boot/ -tr total 10289 drwx------ 2 root root 12288 Dec 21 2005 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94600 Feb 8 08:39 memtest86+-1.65 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1510257 Mar 14 14:01 vmlinuz-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 811765 Mar 14 14:01 System.map-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 63896 Mar 14 14:01 config-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1059212 Apr 23 07:28 initrd-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1509474 May 21 13:13 vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2122_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 810738 May 21 13:13 System.map-2.6.16-1.2122_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64573 May 21 13:13 config-2.6.16-1.2122_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1059185 May 30 18:03 initrd-2.6.16-1.2122_FC5.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1519016 Jun 5 23:44 vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2133_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 810738 Jun 5 23:44 System.map-2.6.16-1.2133_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64562 Jun 5 23:44 config-2.6.16-1.2133_FC5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1063866 Jun 13 14:04 initrd-2.6.16-1.2133_FC5.img drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Jun 20 11:50 grub drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 Jun 20 11:50 . drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 4096 Jun 23 16:52 ..
You should go through your /boot/grub/grub.conf, compare it to your /boot, and eliminate anything that grub doesn't need (/boot/grub) or call out in one stanza or another. Do not, however, remove lost+found; fsck requires it. Grub does not call out the System.map directly, but I'd leave it in for any kernel you keep. Just in case.
Just to be careful, first make a boot CD. Then see what went onto the boot CD. Then eliminate by copying elsewhere rather than deleting.
If that doesn't solve your problem, boot to a live CD system (I use finnix), and fsck all your Linux partitions.
Is it possible to repartition hdb in Fedora so that I could install an other distro also to hdb?
Yes. Use your LVM tools (again, I use finnix for this) to carve up your LVM stuff. Several different Linuxes can share /boot, as long as file names don't collide.
You will have to manually merge all the different grub.confs as you install them. Perhaps someone has a script to do this handy?
You can also share /home if it is on its own logical partition, but that could be dangerous due to version issues between the different distributions.
On Thu, Jun 29, 2006 at 12:24:58PM -0600, Charles Curley wrote:
Disk /dev/hdb: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdb2 14 19457 156183930 8e Linux LVM
I conclude from your fdisk output that your /boot partition is hdb1. It looks like it should be big enough. In fact it's the same size as mine, 114MB.
Oops, I misread my fdisk output. It's the same size as another partiton, at 102 MB. Stil plenty for the job at hand.
Il giorno gio, 29/06/2006 alle 20.44 +0300, Markku Kolkka ha scritto:
Ambrogio kirjoitti viestissään (lähetysaika torstai, 29. kesäkuuta 2006 18:51):
Where is your boot partition? It's in hda1 (LVM)? Maybe that LVM can be expanded. You can post the output of vgdisplay -v?
/boot can't be on LVM, it must be a normal partition.
You are rigth. I'm sorry for the mistake.
So in my mail a lot of things are wrong. But boot filesystem can be expanded only if partition can be expanded.
Bye Ambrogio
On 6/29/06, Ambrogio fn050202@flashnet.it wrote:
Il giorno gio, 29/06/2006 alle 18.33 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto:
hda and sda are used by Windows, except hda1 which is a souvenir from my last trip to Fedora Core world , what to do with hda1?
Where is your boot partition? It's in hda1 (LVM)? Maybe that LVM can be expanded. You can post the output of vgdisplay -v?
Unfortunately "[root@localhost fossiili]# /sbin/vgdisplay -v bash: /sbin/vgdisplay: No such file or directory [root@localhost fossiili]#"
For some reason I can not get vgdisplay to work.
On 6/29/06, Mikkel L. Ellertson mikkel@infinity-ltd.com wrote:
Heikki Pesonen wrote:
After trying other distros I recently installed Fedora Core 5 which I like very much. But every time I start Fedora a message appears: "100% disk space on boot is in use". Does that be a problem in the future?
What it is telling you is that the /boot partition is full. This may be a problem when you go to install a new kernel. You can find out where your /boot partition is by running "mount | grep boot".
[fossiili@localhost ~]$ mount | grep /boot /dev/hdb1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
take a look at the /boot directory on your system to see what is all in there.
If you post the output of "ls /boot" [root@localhost fossiili]# ls /boot config-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 pup001 config-2.6.17-1.2139_FC5 pup_save.3fs dev_save System.map-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 grub System.map-2.6.17-1.2139_FC5 initrd-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5.img vmlinuz-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 initrd-2.6.17-1.2139_FC5.img vmlinuz-2.6.17-1.2139_FC5 lost+found [root@localhost fossiili]#
and "cat /boot/grub/grub.conf" and we can poit out files you may safely delete.
[root@localhost grub]# cat grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd1,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/hda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd1,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Fedora Core (2.6.17-1.2139_FC5) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.17-1.2139_FC5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.17-1.2139_FC5.img title Fedora Core (2.6.15-1.2054_FC5) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.15-1.2054_FC5.img title WinXP rootnoverify (hd0,2) chainloader +1 [root@localhost grub]#
THANK YOU for your clear and simple advice! The problem is related with the nice and reliable Puppy Linux liveCD. "pup001" is it's previous versions save file of the size 75.9 MB safely remowe.
Il giorno ven, 30/06/2006 alle 09.05 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto:
On 6/29/06, Ambrogio fn050202@flashnet.it wrote:
Il giorno gio, 29/06/2006 alle 18.33 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto:
hda and sda are used by Windows, except hda1 which is a souvenir from my last trip to Fedora Core world , what to do with hda1?
Where is your boot partition? It's in hda1 (LVM)? Maybe that LVM can be expanded. You can post the output of vgdisplay -v?
Unfortunately "[root@localhost fossiili]# /sbin/vgdisplay -v bash: /sbin/vgdisplay: No such file or directory [root@localhost fossiili]#"
For some reason I can not get vgdisplay to work.
locate vgdisplay? in my Fedora is locate on /usr/sbin
Bye Ambrogio
Heikki Pesonen wrote:
Unfortunately "[root@localhost fossiili]# /sbin/vgdisplay -v bash: /sbin/vgdisplay: No such file or directory [root@localhost fossiili]#"
For some reason I can not get vgdisplay to work.
$ locate vgdisplay /usr/bin/svgdisplay /usr/sbin/vgdisplay /usr/share/man/man8/vgdisplay.8.gz
On 7/1/06, magicus magicus@snet.net wrote:
Heikki Pesonen wrote:>
For some reason I can not get vgdisplay to work.
$ locate vgdisplay
Thanks for learning a new use full command "locate"! I should have guessed, that something like that exists. Is there any book or some kind of index in the Net for all Bash(?) commands? All in Fedora Core?
The output of vgdisplay is long, so I include it at the end. Before that, please could you give me a relatively simple advice (usufull for a 72 year old grandpa) how to shrink the Fedora Core partition other than /boot, so that I will have free space on hdb to install other distros?
[code] [root@localhost fossiili]# /usr/sbin/vgdisplay -v Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "VolGroup00" --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 148.94 GB PE Size 32.00 MB Total PE 4766 Alloc PE / Size 4765 / 148.91 GB Free PE / Size 1 / 32.00 MB VG UUID UURgQ9-DOYj-IzSI-y2tu-H9rn-10hP-hN1dTB
--- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 VG Name VolGroup00 LV UUID upL4ui-Ld7j-VUx9-F3In-M5hM-LLhN-Si8Uwd LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 146.97 GB Current LE 4703 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 VG Name VolGroup00 LV UUID 30prYX-StTl-xR4l-gr8p-4D29-2ngD-9HJdNm LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.94 GB Current LE 62 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:1
--- Physical volumes --- PV Name /dev/hdb2 PV UUID OxdBU7-tT5S-ZL4c-goCu-awWP-fWub-r6KIFk PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 4766 / 1
[root@localhost fossiili]#
[/CODE]
Il giorno sab, 01/07/2006 alle 09.03 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto:
Thanks for learning a new use full command "locate"! I should have guessed, that something like that exists. Is there any book or some kind of index in the Net for all Bash(?) commands? All in Fedora Core?
Well, locate is not a Bash command. It's an executable 'command', that you can launch from shell There are tons of command (ls for example is a command), and also bash is a command. I don't know where you can found an exaustive list. But you can use the man command to know something apropos of an argument. For example (about locate) you can use the command man -k find. You obtain a list of man pages in which the description contain the word file. In this list you can find locate. Use of man -k (or apropos) with grep is usefull for finding command.
[code] [root@localhost fossiili]# /usr/sbin/vgdisplay -v Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "VolGroup00" --- Volume group --- VG Name VolGroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 148.94 GB PE Size 32.00 MB Total PE 4766 Alloc PE / Size 4765 / 148.91 GB Free PE / Size 1 / 32.00 MB VG UUID UURgQ9-DOYj-IzSI-y2tu-H9rn-10hP-hN1dTB
--- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 VG Name VolGroup00 LV UUID upL4ui-Ld7j-VUx9-F3In-M5hM-LLhN-Si8Uwd LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 146.97 GB Current LE 4703 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 VG Name VolGroup00 LV UUID 30prYX-StTl-xR4l-gr8p-4D29-2ngD-9HJdNm LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 1.94 GB Current LE 62 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors 0 Block device 253:1
--- Physical volumes --- PV Name /dev/hdb2 PV UUID OxdBU7-tT5S-ZL4c-goCu-awWP-fWub-r6KIFk PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 4766 / 1
[root@localhost fossiili]#
[/CODE]
Ok,
vgdisplay says that you ave 2 volumes. One if 1.94 GB and we don't know what filesystem is, and where is mounted. The other is 146.97 GB, and we can think is your / So you can free space in your VG. Steps are: 1. Reduce File system 2. reduce LV I suggest you to read well the LVM-howto for first, to know how LVM works. After that you have to calc very well the dimension of filesystem and Volume, because wrong in this calc results in loss of data. Tell me now if you need help in this step. Bye Ambrogio
On 7/1/06, Ambrogio fn050202@flashnet.it wrote:
Il giorno sab, 01/07/2006 alle 09.03 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto: how to shrink the Fedora Core partition other than /boot, so that I will have free space on hdb to install other distros?
vgdisplay says that you ave 2 volumes. One if 1.94 GB and we don't know what filesystem is, and where is mounted. The other is 146.97 GB, and we can think is your / So you can free space in your VG. Steps are:
- Reduce File system
- reduce LV
I suggest you to read well the LVM-howto for first, to know how LVM works. After that you have to calc very well the dimension of filesystem and Volume, because wrong in this calc results in loss of data. Tell me now if you need help in this step.
Yeas I need help .... I found http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/recipesplitvg.html
Reading it through I found the chapter "13.7. Splitting a volume group"Before I start reading and applying the advice there, I kindly ask: Is it the right place for me?
I do want to split the Fedora volume group. I want to free let's say 100 GB out from the hands of Fedora.
About the data in hdb: that volume is sacrifyed for my Linux experiments. I could well to reinstall Fedora 5 hoping that in that 3. attempt everything will work and the result will be let's say 40 GB for Fedora and the rest of hdb free to be used later. But the partition tool offered by the installation script has two times been too difficult for me, so perhaps better to try to learn more by trying to manipulate hdb using recent Fedora installation. I suppose I already understand a lot about LVM, but perhaps not enough.
Heikki Pesonen kirjoitti viestissään (lähetysaika lauantai, 1. heinäkuuta 2006 09:03):
The output of vgdisplay is long, so I include it at the end. Before that, please could you give me a relatively simple advice (usufull for a 72 year old grandpa) how to shrink the Fedora Core partition other than /boot, so that I will have free space on hdb to install other distros?
LVM doesn't currently support resizing physical volumes, so you can only free space inside the LVM volume group without destroying the FC5 installation. You can use that space to install other distros that support LVM and allow sharing the /boot partition.
Heikki Pesonen kirjoitti viestissään (lähetysaika lauantai, 1. heinäkuuta 2006 13:19):
I found http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/recipesplitvg.html
Reading it through I found the chapter "13.7. Splitting a volume group"Before I start reading and applying the advice there, I kindly ask: Is it the right place for me?
No, you can't split a VG that contains only a single physical volume.
About the data in hdb: that volume is sacrifyed for my Linux experiments. I could well to reinstall Fedora 5 hoping that in that 3. attempt everything will work and the result will be let's say 40 GB for Fedora and the rest of hdb free to be used later.
I set up my 160GB disk with 4 physical volumes so that I could shrink the VG size to create non-partitioned space if necessary.
Il giorno sab, 01/07/2006 alle 13.19 +0300, Heikki Pesonen ha scritto:
On 7/1/06, Ambrogio fn050202@flashnet.it wrote:
Yeas I need help .... I found http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/recipesplitvg.html
Reading it through I found the chapter "13.7. Splitting a volume group" Before I start reading and applying the advice there, I kindly ask: Is it the right place for me?
No. It treat about multiple VG, but you have already done it, and you don't have free space on disks.
I think now is better to start help you in freeing space, but I think list is not a good place. Is better to continue by private mail
Bye Ambrogio
On 7/1/06, Markku Kolkka markkuk@tuubi.net wrote:
you can't split a VG that contains only a single physical volume. I set up my 160GB disk with 4 physical volumes so that I could shrink the VG size to create non-partitioned space if necessary.
I know, that LVM is good for large systems. For home use as in my case, there is no reason to be involved with it, because nowadays hard disk space is cheep. Only in the case one collects large set of sound and video files, the costs could be reasonable. In the case of Fedora there is some reason may it be LVM or something else, which makes installing Fedora hazardous. I'm not the only one who has gotten his computer completely confused in an attempt to install Fedora.
Any case, after all kind advice I have here received, it seems to me, that instead of trying to modify my recent Fedora installation I must try again installing it on a single partition (40 GB). Or to create a separate 500 MB partition for /boot and 10 GB for /home and 1 GB for /swap and 30 GB for /.
The problem is, that I hoped to be able to do all that while installing Fedora, will try that again next time. May be I could create those partitions with some liveCD-Linux (Puppy, Knoppix ...) so they will be ready on hdb when I start installing Fedora. Is there any command line tool for that I will probably find in liveCD-Linux?
On Saturday July 01 2006 9:36 am, Heikki Pesonen wrote:
The problem is, that I hoped to be able to do all that while installing Fedora, will try that again next time. May be I could create those partitions with some liveCD-Linux (Puppy, Knoppix ...) so they will be ready on hdb when I start installing Fedora. Is there any command line tool for that I will probably find in liveCD-Linux?
You can do all that while installing. Read the screens carefully - it's not completely self-evident, but, it's not hard.
On Saturday 01 July 2006 15:30, Claude Jones wrote:
On Saturday July 01 2006 9:36 am, Heikki Pesonen wrote:
The problem is, that I hoped to be able to do all that while installing Fedora, will try that again next time. May be I could create those partitions with some liveCD-Linux (Puppy, Knoppix ...) so they will be ready on hdb when I start installing Fedora. Is there any command line tool for that I will probably find in liveCD-Linux?
You can do all that while installing. Read the screens carefully - it's not completely self-evident, but, it's not hard.
I can't remember the wording, but you'd be looking for something like 'custom partitions'. It easy then, IIRC.
Anne