[web] FMG: updated JACK and sound servers
crantila
crantila at fedoraproject.org
Thu Aug 26 19:27:22 UTC 2010
commit d2c301c7f6e3eefa3c80bc4a3186ce8e58967504
Author: Christopher Antila <crantila at fedoraproject.org>
Date: Thu Aug 26 15:26:43 2010 -0400
FMG: updated JACK and sound servers
fedoradocs.db | Bin 359424 -> 359424 bytes
public_html/Sitemap | 34 +++---
public_html/as-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/bg-BG/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/bn-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/bs-BA/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/ca-ES/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/cs-CZ/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/da-DK/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/de-DE/toc.html | 10 +-
public_html/el-GR/toc.html | 6 +-
...ft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.epub | Bin 2262035 -> 2261998 bytes
.../0.1/html-single/Musicians_Guide/index.html | 148 +++++++++-----------
.../appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html | 3 +
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html | 6 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/ix01.html | 2 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html | 2 +-
.../pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html | 8 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html | 2 +-
.../0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html | 2 +-
...ans_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html | 55 ++++----
...-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html | 2 +-
.../sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html | 68 +++------
...aft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf | Bin 2883311 -> 2884478 bytes
public_html/en-US/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/es-ES/toc.html | 6 +-
public_html/fi-FI/toc.html | 14 +-
public_html/fr-FR/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/gu-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/he-IL/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/hi-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/hu-HU/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/id-ID/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/it-IT/toc.html | 10 +-
public_html/ja-JP/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/kn-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/ko-KR/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/ml-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/mr-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/nb-NO/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/nl-NL/toc.html | 4 +-
public_html/or-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/pa-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/pl-PL/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/pt-BR/toc.html | 6 +-
public_html/pt-PT/toc.html | 6 +-
public_html/ru-RU/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/sk-SK/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/sr-Latn-RS/toc.html | 6 +-
public_html/sr-RS/toc.html | 6 +-
public_html/sv-SE/toc.html | 10 +-
public_html/ta-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/te-IN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/toc.html | 26 ++--
public_html/uk-UA/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/zh-CN/toc.html | 8 +-
public_html/zh-TW/toc.html | 8 +-
57 files changed, 319 insertions(+), 363 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/fedoradocs.db b/fedoradocs.db
index 1d29e32..84cf0e0 100644
Binary files a/fedoradocs.db and b/fedoradocs.db differ
diff --git a/public_html/Sitemap b/public_html/Sitemap
index 5c2a710..ababf09 100644
--- a/public_html/Sitemap
+++ b/public_html/Sitemap
@@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@
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</url>
<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf</loc>
+ <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf</loc>
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<url>
<loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html</loc>
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<url>
<loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Musicians_Guide/index.html</loc>
- <lastmod>2010-08-09</lastmod>
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<url>
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<url>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/12/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf</loc>
+ <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/12/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/11/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf</loc>
+ <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/11/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/10/pdf/Fedora_Live_Images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf</loc>
+ <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/10/pdf/Fedora_Live_Images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-nl-NL.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-pt-PT.pdf</loc>
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<url>
- <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-ru-RU.pdf</loc>
+ <loc>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-ru-RU.pdf</loc>
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<url>
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diff --git a/public_html/as-IN/toc.html b/public_html/as-IN/toc.html
index aea75fc..4db3074 100644
--- a/public_html/as-IN/toc.html
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@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html b/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html
index 96a19a4..2839903 100644
--- a/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/bg-BG/toc.html
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/toc.html b/public_html/bn-IN/toc.html
index b69fe71..2c3411e 100644
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/toc.html b/public_html/bs-BA/toc.html
index 3feea96..a1610e7 100644
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diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/toc.html b/public_html/da-DK/toc.html
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diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/toc.html b/public_html/de-DE/toc.html
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diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/toc.html b/public_html/el-GR/toc.html
index ba50845..89aa586 100644
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@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.epub b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/epub/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.epub
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Musicians_Guide/index.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Musicians_Guide/index.html
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html-single/Musicians_Guide/index.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Musicians' Guide</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><meta name="description" content="This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated with tutorials showing a typical usage." /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedora
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</div></div></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div class="abstract" title="Abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div class="para">
This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated with tutorials showing a typical usage.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id530717">1. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id1684313">1.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id441573">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id594783">1.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id494318">2. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#id1626509">I. Linux Audio Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards">1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec
t-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware">2. Software for Sou
nd Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section">2.2. Sound Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1. PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK">2.2.2. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JA
CK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl">2.3.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency">3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_
Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home">4. Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA">4.2. Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability">4.2.2. Security and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices">4.2.3. A
Possible "Best Practices" Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software">4.3. Using Software from Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities">4.3.2. Set Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates">4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#id479500">II. Audio and Music Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity">5. Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to
Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6. Post-Installation Test: Recording</a
></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4. Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audac
ity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11. Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of
a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations">6. Digital Audio Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording">6.2. Stages of Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1. Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering">6.2.3. Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info">6.2.4. More Information</a></span></dt></d
l></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary">6.3. Interface Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1. Session</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack">6.3.2. Track and Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region">6.3.4. Relationship of Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead">6.3.5. Transport and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation">6.3.6. Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface">6.4. User Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><
span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock">6.4.2. Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane">6.4.3. "Track Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane">6.4.4. "Track" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls">6.4.5. Transport Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour">7. Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mus
icians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session">7.2. Recording a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface">7.2.2. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline">7.2.3. Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recordin
g-Connecting_Audio_Sources">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level">7.2.6. Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region">7.2.7. Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More">7.2.8. Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio">7.2.9. Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Exis
ting_Audio">7.2.10. Importing Existing Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files">7.3. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing">7.4. Editing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.2. Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups">7.4.3. Creating Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks">7.4.4. Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size">7.4.5. Cut the
Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange">7.4.7. Arrange Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen">7.4.8. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing">7.5. Mixing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1. Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels">7.5.2. Set Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Pa
nning">7.5.3. Set Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks">7.5.4. Make Further Adjustments with an Automation Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things">7.5.5. Other Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen">7.5.6. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering">7.6. Mastering a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window">7.6.2. Using the Export Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor">8. Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration">8.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Q
tractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab">8.2.2. MIDI Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names">8.2.3. Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using">8.3. Using Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK">8.3.3. Using JACK with Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together
">8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips">8.3.5. Miscellaneous Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial">8.4. Creating a MIDI Composition (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements">8.4.2. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready">8.4.3. Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File">8.4.4. Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Ar
ea">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme">8.4.6. Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme">8.4.7. Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part">8.4.8. Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75">8.4.9. Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97">8.4.10. Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97">8.4.11. Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119">8.4.1
2. Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139">8.4.13. Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158">8.4.14. Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176">8.4.15. Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177 to the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden">9. Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians
_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration">9.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1. Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden">9.2.2. Setup <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond">9.3. <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial">9.4. Write a Song in <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track">9.4.2. Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion">9.4.3. Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody">9.4.4. Add a Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue">9.4.5. Possible Ways to Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth">10. FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1. SoundFont Technology and MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation">10.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation">10.2.2. Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth">10.2.3. Installation with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth">10.2.4. Installation without <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst">1
0.2.5. Installation of SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal">10.3. Using <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring">10.4. Configuring <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1. Starting <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont">10.4.2. SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output">10.4.3. <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input">10.4.4. MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings">10.4.5. Viewing all <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels">10.5. Assigning Programs to Channels with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1. Changing the Number of MIDI Input Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus">10.6. Using
Reverb and Chorus with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances">10.7. Multiple <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Instances with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider">11. <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicia
ns_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4. Available <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5. Recommended Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit">11.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1. Enable and Configure SCEd in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Star
t_a_Server">11.2.2. Enable <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code">11.2.3. Executing Code in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips">11.2.4. Other Tips for Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming">11.3. Basic Programming in <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Var
iables_and_Functions">11.3.2. Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented">11.3.3. Object-Oriented <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions">11.3.4. Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio">11.3.5. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections">11.3.6. Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating">11.3.7. Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution">11.3.8. Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth">11.3.10. SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses">11.3.11. Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features">11.3.12. Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling">11.3.13. Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help">11.3.14. How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution">11.3.15. Legal Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect
-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing">11.4. Composing with SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration">11.4.2. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part">11.4.3. Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part">11.4.4. Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones">11.4.6. Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Gu
ide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code">11.4.7. Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part">11.4.8. Making a Useful Section out of the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts">11.4.9. Joining the Two Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting">11.5. Exporting Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output">11.5.2. Recording SuperCollider's Output (Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond">12. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></sp
an></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Works</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach">12.2. The <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation">12.3. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax">12.4. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations">12.4.2. Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations">12.4.3. Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity">12.4.4. Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords">12.4.5. Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands">12.4.6. Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files">12.4.7. Source Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors">12.4.8. Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint">12.5. Working on a Counterpoint Exercise (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1.
Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score">12.5.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.5.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting">12.5.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score">12.5.5. Formatting the Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra">12.6. Working on an Orchestral Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starti
ng_the_Score">12.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.6.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting">12.6.4. Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano">12.7. Working on a Piano Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score">12.7.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.7.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputti
ng">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors">12.7.5. Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting">12.7.6. Formatting the Score (Piano Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi">13. Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation">13.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration">13.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using">13.4. Using Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span c
lass="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege">14. GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1. Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional Installation: MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Config
uration">14.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments">14.2.2. Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs">14.2.3. External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface">14.2.4. Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise">14.2.5. Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup">14.2.6. Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training">14.3. Training Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1. Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types">14.3.2. Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program">14.3.3. Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References">14.3.4. Supplementary References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises">14.4. Using the Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1. Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises">14.4.2. Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses">14.4.3. Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises">14.4.4. Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises">14.4.5. Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions">14.4.6. Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation">14.4.7. Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History">A. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#id1626418">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface" id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div xml
:lang="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document Conventions" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id530717">1. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id481605">1. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id642313">1.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id489291">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id830747">1.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id568128">2. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#id512921">I. Linux Audio Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards">1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><d
t><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-
Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware">2. Software for Sound
Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section">2.2. Sound Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1. PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK">2.2.2. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK
</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl">2.3.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency">3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Re
al_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home">4. Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA">4.2. Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability">4.2.2. Security and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices">4.2.3. A Po
ssible "Best Practices" Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software">4.3. Using Software from Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities">4.3.2. Set Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates">4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#id466152">II. Audio and Music Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity">5. Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to U
se Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6. Post-Installation Test: Recording</a><
/span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4. Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacit
y-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11. Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of a
File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations">6. Digital Audio Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording">6.2. Stages of Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1. Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering">6.2.3. Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info">6.2.4. More Information</a></span></dt></dl>
</dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary">6.3. Interface Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1. Session</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack">6.3.2. Track and Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region">6.3.4. Relationship of Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead">6.3.5. Transport and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation">6.3.6. Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface">6.4. User Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><sp
an class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock">6.4.2. Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane">6.4.3. "Track Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane">6.4.4. "Track" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls">6.4.5. Transport Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour">7. Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Music
ians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session">7.2. Recording a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface">7.2.2. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline">7.2.3. Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-
Connecting_Audio_Sources">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level">7.2.6. Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region">7.2.7. Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More">7.2.8. Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio">7.2.9. Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existi
ng_Audio">7.2.10. Importing Existing Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files">7.3. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing">7.4. Editing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.2. Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups">7.4.3. Creating Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks">7.4.4. Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size">7.4.5. Cut the R
egions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange">7.4.7. Arrange Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen">7.4.8. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing">7.5. Mixing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1. Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels">7.5.2. Set Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Pann
ing">7.5.3. Set Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks">7.5.4. Make Further Adjustments with an Automation Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things">7.5.5. Other Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen">7.5.6. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering">7.6. Mastering a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window">7.6.2. Using the Export Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor">8. Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><d
t><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration">8.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtr
actor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab">8.2.2. MIDI Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names">8.2.3. Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using">8.3. Using Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK">8.3.3. Using JACK with Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together">
8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips">8.3.5. Miscellaneous Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial">8.4. Creating a MIDI Composition (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements">8.4.2. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready">8.4.3. Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File">8.4.4. Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area
">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme">8.4.6. Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme">8.4.7. Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part">8.4.8. Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75">8.4.9. Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97">8.4.10. Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97">8.4.11. Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119">8.4.12.
Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139">8.4.13. Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158">8.4.14. Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176">8.4.15. Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177 to the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden">9. Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_G
uide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration">9.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1. Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden">9.2.2. Setup <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond">9.3. <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial">9.4. Write a Song in <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track">9.4.2. Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion">9.4.3. Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><
span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody">9.4.4. Add a Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue">9.4.5. Possible Ways to Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth">10. FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1. SoundFont Technology and MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation">10.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation">10.2.2. Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth">10.2.3. Installation with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth">10.2.4. Installation without <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst">10.
2.5. Installation of SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal">10.3. Using <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring">10.4. Configuring <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1. Starting <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont">10.4.2. SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output">10.4.3. <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec
t-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input">10.4.4. MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings">10.4.5. Viewing all <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels">10.5. Assigning Programs to Channels with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1. Changing the Number of MIDI Input Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus">10.6. Using R
everb and Chorus with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances">10.7. Multiple <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Instances with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider">11. <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians
_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4. Available <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5. Recommended Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit">11.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1. Enable and Configure SCEd in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_
a_Server">11.2.2. Enable <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code">11.2.3. Executing Code in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips">11.2.4. Other Tips for Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming">11.3. Basic Programming in <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Varia
bles_and_Functions">11.3.2. Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented">11.3.3. Object-Oriented <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions">11.3.4. Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio">11.3.5. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections">11.3.6. Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating">11.3.7. Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution">11.3.8. Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href
="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth">11.3.10. SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses">11.3.11. Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features">11.3.12. Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling">11.3.13. Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help">11.3.14. How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution">11.3.15. Legal Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-M
usicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing">11.4. Composing with SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration">11.4.2. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part">11.4.3. Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part">11.4.4. Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones">11.4.6. Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guid
e-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code">11.4.7. Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part">11.4.8. Making a Useful Section out of the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts">11.4.9. Joining the Two Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting">11.5. Exporting Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output">11.5.2. Recording SuperCollider's Output (Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond">12. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span
></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Works</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach">12.2. The <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation">12.3. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax">12.4. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations">12.4.2. Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations">12.4.3. Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity">12.4.4. Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords">12.4.5. Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands">12.4.6. Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files">12.4.7. Source Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors">12.4.8. Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint">12.5. Working on a Counterpoint Exercise (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1. Fi
les for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score">12.5.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.5.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting">12.5.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score">12.5.5. Formatting the Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra">12.6. Working on an Orchestral Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting
_the_Score">12.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.6.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting">12.6.4. Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano">12.7. Working on a Piano Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score">12.7.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.7.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting
">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors">12.7.5. Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting">12.7.6. Formatting the Score (Piano Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi">13. Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation">13.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration">13.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using">13.4. Using Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span cla
ss="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege">14. GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1. Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional Installation: MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configur
ation">14.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments">14.2.2. Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs">14.2.3. External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface">14.2.4. Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise">14.2.5. Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup">14.2.6. Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training">14.3. Training Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1. Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types">14.3.2. Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program">14.3.3. Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References">14.3.4. Supplementary References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises">14.4. Using the Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1. Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises">14.4.2. Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses">14.4.3. Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises">14.4.4. Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises">14.4.5. Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions">14.4.6. Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation">14.4.7. Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History">A. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#id542697">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface" id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div xml:la
ng="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document Conventions" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id481605">1. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id1684313">1.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id642313">1.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the first use of a new and important term. For example:
</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
Publican is a <em class="firstterm">DocBook</em> publishing system.
- </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id441573">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id489291">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
System.<span class="perl_Function">out</span>.<span class="perl_Function">println</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Echo.echo('Hello') = "</span> + echo.<span class="perl_Function">echo</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Hello"</span>));
}
-}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id594783">1.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id830747">1.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><h2>Note</h2><div class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.
@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
Important boxes detail things that are easily missed: configuration changes that only apply to the current session, or services that need restarting before an update will apply. Ignoring a box labeled 'Important' won't cause data loss but may cause irritation and frustration.
</div></div><div class="warning"><h2>Warning</h2><div class="para">
Warnings should not be ignored. Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss.
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="2. We Need Feedback!" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id494318">2. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id494330" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="2. We Need Feedback!" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id568128">2. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id568140" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in Bugzilla: <a href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/">http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/</a> against the product <span class="application"><strong>Fedora Documentation.</strong></span>
</div><div class="para">
When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual's identifier: <em class="citetitle">musicians-guide</em>
</div><div class="para">
If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as possible when describing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily.
- </div></div></div><div class="part" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" id="id1626509"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Linux Audio Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="Linux Audio Basics" id="id479467"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="part" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" id="id512921"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Linux Audio Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="Linux Audio Basics" id="id512927"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards">1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_
Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rat
e_Conclusions">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mus
icians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware">2. Software for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section">2.2. Sound Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1. PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK">2.2.2. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3
. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl">2.3.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency">3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is
Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home">4. Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA">4.2. Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability">4.2.2. Security and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices">4.2.3. A Possible "Best Practices" Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software">4.3. Using Software from Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities">4.3.2. Set Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates">4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a>
</span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio" id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards">1.2.3. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
This chapter introduces the technical vocabulary used for computer audio hardware.
@@ -272,52 +272,30 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
The <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> sound server offers fewer features than other sound servers, but they are tailor-made to allow the functionality required by audio creation applications. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> also makes it easier for users to configure the options that are most important for such situations. The server supports only one sample rate and format at a time, and allows applications and hardware to easily connect and multiplex in ways that other sound servers do not (see <a class="xref" href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing" title="1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing">Section 1.4.7, “Routing and Multiplexing”</a> for information about routing and multiplexing). It is also optimized to run with consistently low latencies. Although using <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> requires a better understanding of the underlying hardware, the <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> application provi
des a graphical user interface to ease the process.
</div></div><div class="section" title="2.2.3. Phonon" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon">2.2.3. Phonon</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Phonon is a sound server built into the KDE Software Compilation, and is one of the core components of KDE. By default on Fedora Linux, Phonon feeds output to <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, but on other platforms (like Mac OS X, Windows, other versions of Linux, FreeBSD, and any other system that supports KDE), Phonon can be configured to feed its output anywhere. This is its greatest strength - that KDE applications like Amarok and Dragon Player need only be programmed to use Phonon, and they can rely on Phonon to take care of everything else. As KDE applications increasingly find their place in Windows and especially Mac OS X, this cross-platform capability is turning out to be very useful.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For instructions, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository" title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories”</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span> and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Run <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from the KMenu or the Applications menu.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, press the 'Start' button; to stop it, press the 'Stop' button.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use the 'Messages' button to see messages, which are usually errors or warnings.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use the 'Status' button to see various statistics about the currently-running server.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use the 'Connections' button to see and adjust the connections between applications and audio hardware.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> will operate without following this procedure, but users are strongly encouraged to follow these three steps, for security reasons. They will help to allow optimal performance of the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> sound server, while greatly reducing the risk that an application or user will accidentally or malicious take advantage of the capability.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Add all of the users who will use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to the <code class="literal">audio</code> group. For instructions to add users to groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em> of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available at <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- The default installation automatically enables real-time priority to be requested by any user or process. This is undesirable, so we will edit it.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Open a terminal, and run the following command: <code class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/security/limits.conf'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful! You're editing this important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Edit the last lines, so that they read:
-<pre class="programlisting">
- at audio - rtprio 99
- at audio - memlock 4194304
- at audio - nice -10
-</pre>
-
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- With the default configuration of <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the ALSA sound server. We can avoid this, and use the ALSA drivers without the sound server, which will help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to maintain accurately low latencies. The following procedure configures <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the ALSA driver directly.
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div class="para">
+ Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For instructions, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository" title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories”</a>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><div class="para">
+ Use <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span> and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><div class="para">
+ Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 4"><div class="para">
+ Run <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from the KMenu or the Applications menu.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><div class="para">
+ To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Start</strong></span>. To stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Stop</strong></span>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><div class="para">
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Messages</strong></span> to see messages, which are usually errors or warnings.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 7"><div class="para">
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Status</strong></span> to see various statistics about the currently-running server.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 8"><div class="para">
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Connections</strong></span> button to see and adjust the connections between applications and audio hardware.
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="important"><h2>Important</h2><div class="para">
+ <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> operates with special real-time privileges. You must add all users to the <code class="systemitem">jackuser</code> and <code class="systemitem">pulse-rt</code> groups so they can use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>. For instructions to add users to groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em> of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available at <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>. Do not add users to these groups if they will not use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div></div><div class="para">
+ With the default configuration of <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> sound server. We can avoid this, and use the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> drivers without the sound server, which will help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to maintain accurately low latencies. The following procedure configures <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> driver directly.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div class="para">
- Open a terminal. In GNOME, click on 'Applications > System > Terminal'. In KDE, click on the application launcher, then 'System > Konsole'.
+ Open a terminal. In GNOME, choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Terminal</strong></span>. In KDE, click on the application launcher, then choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Konsole</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><div class="para">
- Execute this command: "cat /proc/asound/cards".
+ Execute this command: <code class="command">cat /proc/asound/cards</code>
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>cat</strong></span> program outputs a list of sound cards in your computer, which looks similar to this list:
<pre class="programlisting">
@@ -332,7 +310,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><div class="para">
Start <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><div class="para">
- Open the "Setup" window by clicking 'Setup'.
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Setup</strong></span> to open the "Setup" window.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 7"><div class="para">
In the 'Interface' text box, type the name of your preferred sound card with "hw:" in front. With the sound cards listed above, you might write <code class="literal">hw:MobilePre</code>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 8"><div class="para">
@@ -342,40 +320,37 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
</div><div class="para">
For more information on <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, refer to <em class="citetitle">Jack Audio Connection Kit (64studio)</em> at <a href="http://www.64studio.com/manual/audio/jack">http://www.64studio.com/manual/audio/jack</a>.
</div></div><div class="section" title="2.3.3. Integrating PulseAudio with JACK" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
- The default configuration of <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- You'll need to edit the <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Run the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module module-alsa-sink[/code]:
+ The default configuration of <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div class="para">
+ Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><div class="para">
+ Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><div class="para">
+ You'll need to edit the <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
+ </div><ol class="a"><li class="step" title="Step 3.a"><div class="para">
+ Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3.b"><div class="para">
+ Run the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3.c"><div class="para">
+ Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module module-alsa-sink[/code]:
<pre class="programlisting">
load-module module-jack-sink
load-module module-jack-source
</pre>
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by running the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> restarts automatically.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Confirm that this has worked by opening <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is "Active".
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Open <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s "Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running every time the program quits. Since <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this any more.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot of CPU power.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency" id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></li><li class="step" title="Step 4"><div class="para">
+ Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by running the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> restarts automatically.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><div class="para">
+ Confirm that this has worked by opening <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is "Active".
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><div class="para">
+ In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 7"><div class="para">
+ Open <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s "Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running every time the program quits. Since <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this any more.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 8"><div class="para">
+ When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 9"><div class="para">
+ Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot of CPU power.
+ </div></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency" id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></div><
div class="para">
It is perhaps a common perception that computers can compute things instantaneously. Anybody who has ever waited for a web page to load has first-hand experience that this is not the case: computers take time to do things, even if the amount of time is often imperceptible to human observers. Moreover, a computer doing one thing can seem like it's acting nearly instantaneously, but a computer doing fifteen things will have a more difficult time keeping up appearances.
</div><div class="section" title="3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
When computer audio specialists talk about a computer acting in <em class="firstterm">real-time</em>, they mean that it is acting with only an imperceptible delay. A computer cannot act on something instantaneously, and the amount of waiting time between an input and its output is called <em class="firstterm">latency</em>. In order for the delay between input and output to be perceived as non-existant (in other words, for a computer to "react in real-time,") the latency must be low.
@@ -503,7 +478,7 @@ qjackctl-0.3.6
</div></li></ol></div>
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" title="Part II. Audio and Music Software" id="id479500"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Audio and Music Software</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="Audio and Music Software" id="id479507"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" title="Part II. Audio and Music Software" id="id466152"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Audio and Music Software</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="Audio and Music Software" id="id466159"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity">5. Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></d
t><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6. Post-Installation Test: Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The Interface</a
></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tut
orial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4. Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11. Conclus
ion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations">6. Digital Audio Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording">6.2. Stages of Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1. Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Gu
ide-Mixing">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering">6.2.3. Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info">6.2.4. More Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary">6.3. Interface Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1. Session</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack">6.3.2. Track and Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region">6.3.4. Relationship of Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead">6.3.5. Transp
ort and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation">6.3.6. Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface">6.4. User Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock">6.4.2. Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane">6.4.3. "Track Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane">6.4.4. "Track" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls">6.4.5. Transport Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour">7. Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardo
ur-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session">7.2. Recording a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recor
ding-Interface">7.2.2. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline">7.2.3. Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level">7.2.6. Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region">7.2.7. Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More">7.2.8. Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio">7.2.9. Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio">7.2.10. Importing Existing Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files">7.3. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing">7.4. Editing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.2. Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups">7.4.3. Creating Edit Grou
ps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks">7.4.4. Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size">7.4.5. Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange">7.4.7. Arrange Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen">7.4.8. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing">7.5. Mixing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1. Setting the Session for Ste
reo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels">7.5.2. Set Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning">7.5.3. Set Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks">7.5.4. Make Further Adjustments with an Automation Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things">7.5.5. Other Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen">7.5.6. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering">7.6. Mastering a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export Audio</a></span
></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window">7.6.2. Using the Export Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor">8. Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration">8.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab">8.2.2. MIDI Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names">8.2.3. Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using">8.3. Using Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools">8.3.2. Using the MID
I Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK">8.3.3. Using JACK with Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together">8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips">8.3.5. Miscellaneous Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial">8.4. Creating a MIDI Composition (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements">8.4.2. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready">8.4.3. Getting Qtrac
tor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File">8.4.4. Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme">8.4.6. Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme">8.4.7. Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part">8.4.8. Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75">8.4.9. Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97">8.4.10. Qtracto
r's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97">8.4.11. Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119">8.4.12. Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139">8.4.13. Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158">8.4.14. Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176">8.4.15. Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177 to the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Mus
icians_Guide-Rosegarden">9. Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration">9.2. Configuration</a></
span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1. Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden">9.2.2. Setup <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond">9.3. <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial">9.4. Write a Song in <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track">9.4.2. Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion">9.4.3. Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody">9.4.4. Add a Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue">9.4.5. Possible Ways to Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth">10. FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1. SoundFont Technology and MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation">10.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation">10.2.2. Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth">10.2.3. Installation with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth">10.2.4. Installation without <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst">10.2.5. Installation of SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal">10.3. Using <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring">10.4. Configuring <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1. Starting <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont">10.4.2.
SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output">10.4.3. <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input">10.4.4. MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings">10.4.5. Viewing all <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels">10.5. Assigning Programs to Channels with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1. Changing the Number of MIDI Input Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus">10.6. Using Reverb and Chorus with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances">10.7. Multiple <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Instances with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider">11. <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians
_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4. Available <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5. Recommended Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit">11.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1. Enable and Configure SCEd in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server">11.2.2. Enable <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code">11.2.3. Executing Code in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips">11.2.4. Other Tips for Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming">11.3. Basic Programming in <span class="application"
><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions">11.3.2. Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented">11.3.3. Object-Oriented <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions">11.3.4. Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio">11.3.5. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections">11.3.6. Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec
t-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating">11.3.7. Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution">11.3.8. Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth">11.3.10. SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses">11.3.11. Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features">11.3.12. Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling">11.3.13. Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_G
uide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help">11.3.14. How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution">11.3.15. Legal Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing">11.4. Composing with SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration">11.4.2. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part">11.4.3. Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part">11.4.4. Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_T
en_Pseudo-Random-Tones">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones">11.4.6. Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code">11.4.7. Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part">11.4.8. Making a Useful Section out of the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts">11.4.9. Joining the Two Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting">11.5. Exporting Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
ect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output">11.5.2. Recording SuperCollider's Output (Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond">12. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Works</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach">12.2. The <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation">12.3. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax">12.4. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations">12.4.2. Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations">12.4.3. Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity">12.4.4. Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords">12.4.5. Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands">12.4.6. Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files">12.4.7. Source Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors">12.4.8. Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt
></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint">12.5. Working on a Counterpoint Exercise (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score">12.5.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.5.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting">12.5.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score">12.5.5. Formatting the Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra">12.6. Working on an Or
chestral Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score">12.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.6.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting">12.6.4. Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano">12.7. Working on a Piano Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score">12.7.2. S
tarting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output">12.7.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors">12.7.5. Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting">12.7.6. Formatting the Score (Piano Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi">13. Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation">13.2. Requirements and Installation</
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration">13.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using">13.4. Using Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege">14. GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1. Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_C
sound">14.1.4. Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional Installation: MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration">14.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments">14.2.2. Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs">14.2.3. External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface">14.2.4. Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise">14.2.5. Practise</a></span></dt><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup">14.2.6. Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training">14.3. Training Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1. Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types">14.3.2. Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program">14.3.3. Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References">14.3.4. Supplementary References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises">14.4. Using the Exercises</a><
/span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1. Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises">14.4.2. Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses">14.4.3. Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises">14.4.4. Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises">14.4.5. Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions">14.4.6. Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation">14.4.7. Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" title="Chapter 5. Audacity" id="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity"
lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. Audacity</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording">5.2.6. Post-Installation Test: Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface">5.4. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks">5.6.4. S
tretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion">5.6.11. Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Audacity is a high-quality sound recording application, designed to be easy to use. We recommend Audacity to most computer users, because it is simple but it has many features and capabilities. You do not need to understand advanced computer audio concepts before using Audacity. If you can connect your microphone to your computer, you know enough to use Audacity.
@@ -7668,7 +7643,7 @@ dynamics =
When you practise sight-singing from any book, we recommend hearing the tonic pitch from a fixed-pitch instrument (like a piano or keyboard synthesizer) before you sing an excerpt. With the tonic pitch in your mind, and without singing aloud, find the starting note of the excerpt, and sing the excerpt <span class="emphasis"><em>in your mind</em></span> several times, until you are sure that you are singing the excerpt correctly. When you have the melody in your mind, sing the excerpt out loud, as many times as you need to be sure that you are singing it correctly. Only <span class="emphasis"><em>after</em></span> you sing the excerpt perfectly should you play it on a fixed-pitch instrument to confirm that you are correct.
</div><div class="para">
You should build your ear with as little help from external sources (pianos, and so on) as possible. A significant amount of research shows that this gives you a more flexible musical mind, and that, while the initial learning curve is very steep, you will ultimately be able to learn new concepts faster.
- </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills Books" id="id697517"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Aural Skills Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
+ </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills Books" id="id476908"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Aural Skills Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Ben Crowell
. </span><span class="address">
<span class="otheraddr"><a href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html">http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html</a></span>
@@ -7927,6 +7902,9 @@ dynamics =
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 7</td><td align="left">Sun Aug 8 2010</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Reviewed use of <code> tags in "Basic Programming in SC" chapter.</td></tr><tr><td>Searched code for '' or ''' and replaced them with <emphasis> where appropriate.</td></tr><tr><td>Formatted bibliography/book-list in the Solfege chapter.</td></tr></table>
+ </td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 8</td><td align="left">Fri Aug 27 2010</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
+ <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Re-wrote the JACK installation instructions, to incorporate the fact that jack2 will be in F14</td></tr><tr><td>Made other minor revisions to the sound servers section.</td></tr></table>
+
</td></tr></table></div>
- </div></div><div class="index" title="Index" id="id1626418"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="#id494318">We Need Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
+ </div></div><div class="index" title="Index" id="id542697"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="#id568128">We Need Feedback!</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
index 01da97b..34de262 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 7</td><td align="left">Sun Aug 8 2010</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Reviewed use of <code> tags in "Basic Programming in SC" chapter.</td></tr><tr><td>Searched code for '' or ''' and replaced them with <emphasis> where appropriate.</td></tr><tr><td>Formatted bibliography/book-list in the Solfege chapter.</td></tr></table>
+ </td></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 8</td><td align="left">Fri Aug 27 2010</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Antila</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
+ <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Re-wrote the JACK installation instructions, to incorporate the fact that jack2 will be in F14</td></tr><tr><td>Made other minor revisions to the sound servers section.</td></tr></table>
+
</td></tr></table></div>
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html"><strong>Prev</strong>14.4.7. Intonation</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html"><strong>Next</strong>Index</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
index 5976086..87e54d2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/index.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Musicians' Guide</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><meta name="description" content="This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated with tutorials showing a typical usage." /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This i
s an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" title="Musicians' Guide" id="id1643440" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span class="productname">Fedora Draft Documentation</span> <span class="productnumber"></span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="id1643440" cla
ss="title">Musicians' Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">A guide to Fedora Linux's audio creation and music capabilities.</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 14.0.1</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Musicians' Guide</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><meta name="description" content="This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated with tutorials showing a typical usage." /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This i
s an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" title="Musicians' Guide" id="id1741198" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span class="productname">Fedora Draft Documentation</span> <span class="productnumber"></span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="id1741198" cla
ss="title">Musicians' Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">A guide to Fedora Linux's audio creation and music capabilities.</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 14.0.1</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><object data="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> </object></span>
- </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Antila</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Fedora Documentation Project</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:crantila at fedoraproject.org">crantila at fedoraproject.org</a></code></div></div></div><hr /><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="id593978" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
+ </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Antila</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Fedora Documentation Project</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:crantila at fedoraproject.org">crantila at fedoraproject.org</a></code></div></div></div><hr /><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="id560429" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
Copyright <span class="trademark"></span>© 2010 Red Hat, Inc. and others.
</div><div class="para">
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a>. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
</div></div></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div class="abstract" title="Abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div class="para">
This document explores some audio-creation and music activities possible with Fedora Linux. Computer audio concepts are explained, and a selection of programs are demonstrated with tutorials showing a typical usage.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id694923">1. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id588464">1.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id566666">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id485738">1.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s02.html">2. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt01.html">I. Linux Audio Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html">1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="
section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.3
. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection.html">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format.html">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate.html">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate.html">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions.html">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus.html">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level.html">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance.html">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time.html">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocab
ulary-Synchronization.html">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing.html">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio.html">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html">2. Software for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html">2.2. Sound Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1. PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK.html">2.2.2. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html">2.2.3. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html">2.3.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="s
ystemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html">3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling.html">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel.html">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time.html">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora.html">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CC
RMA_at_Home.html">4. Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html">4.2. Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability.html">4.2.2. Security and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices.html">4.2.3. A Possible "Best Practices" Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html">4.3. Using So
ftware from Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities.html">4.3.2. Set Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html">4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt02.html">II. Audio and Music Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html">5. Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements.html">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation.html">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion.html">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback.html">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording.html">5.2.6. Post-Ins
tallation Test: Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware.html">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format.html">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface.html">5.4. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record.html">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario.html">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks.html">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks.html">5.6.4. Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level.html">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise.html">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out.html">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio.html">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment.html">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser.html">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion.html">5.6.11. Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File.html">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html">6. Digital Audio Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html">6.2. Stages of Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recordi
ng.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1. Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing.html">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering.html">6.2.3. Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info.html">6.2.4. More Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html">6.3. Interface Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1. Session</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack.html">6.3.2. Track and Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment.html">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect
-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region.html">6.3.4. Relationship of Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead.html">6.3.5. Transport and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation.html">6.3.6. Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html">6.4. User Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock.html">6.4.2. Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane.html">6.4.3. "Track Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane.html">6.4.4. "Track" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls.html">6.4.5. Transport Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html">7. Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour
-Installation">7.1.4. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html">7.2. Recording a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface.html">7.2.2. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline.html">7.2.3. Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources.html">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setti
ng_up_Busses_and_Tracks.html">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level.html">7.2.6. Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region.html">7.2.7. Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More.html">7.2.8. Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio.html">7.2.9. Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio.html">7.2.10. Importing Existing Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files.html">7.3. Files for the Tutorial</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html">7.4. Editing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses.html">7.4.2. Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups.html">7.4.3. Creating Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks.html">7.4.4. Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size.html">7.4.5. Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_
Recordings.html">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange.html">7.4.7. Arrange Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen.html">7.4.8. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html">7.5. Mixing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1. Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels.html">7.5.2. Set Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning.html">7.5.3. Set Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks.html">7.5.4. Make Further Adjustments with an Automation Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things.html">7.5.5. Other Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen.html">7.5.6. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html">7.6. Mastering a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window.html">7.6.2. Using the Export Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html">8. Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd>
<dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5. Installatio
n</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html">8.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab.html">8.2.2. MIDI Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names.html">8.2.3. Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html">8.3. Using Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtrac
tor-Using-MIDI_Tools.html">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK.html">8.3.3. Using JACK with Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together.html">8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips.html">8.3.5. Miscellaneous Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html">8.4. Creating a MIDI Composition (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements.html">8.4.2. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready.html">8.4.3. Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File.html">8.4.4. Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area.html">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme.html">8.4.6. Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme.html">8.4.7. Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part.html">8.4.8. Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75.html">8.4.9. Qtractor's Meas
ures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97.html">8.4.10. Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97.html">8.4.11. Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119.html">8.4.12. Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139.html">8.4.13. Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158.html">8.4.14. Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176.html">8.4.15. Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtra
ctor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End.html">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177 to the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html">9. Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians
_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html">9.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1. Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden.html">9.2.2. Setup <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond.html">9.3.
<span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html">9.4. Write a Song in <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track.html">9.4.2. Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion.html">9.4.3. Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody.html">9.4.4. Add a Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue.h
tml">9.4.5. Possible Ways to Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html">10. FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1. SoundFont Technology and MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_I
nstallation.html">10.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation.html">10.2.2. Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth.html">10.2.3. Installation with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth.html">10.2.4. Installation without <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Flui
dSynth-Req_and_Inst.html">10.2.5. Installation of SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal.html">10.3. Using <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html">10.4. Configuring <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1. Starting <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont.html">10.4.2. SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output.html">10.4.3. <span class="application"><strong>JAC
K</strong></span> Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input.html">10.4.4. MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings.html">10.4.5. Viewing all <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html">10.5. Assigning Programs to Channels with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1. Changing the Number of MIDI Input Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments.ht
ml">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus.html">10.6. Using Reverb and Chorus with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances.html">10.7. Multiple <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Instances with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html">11. <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guid
e-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4. Available <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5. Recommended Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html">11.2. Using <span class="application"><s
trong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1. Enable and Configure SCEd in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server.html">11.2.2. Enable <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code.html">11.2.3. Executing Code in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips.html">11.2.4. Other Tips for Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with <span class="application
"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html">11.3. Basic Programming in <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions.html">11.3.2. Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented.html">11.3.3. Object-Oriented <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions.html">11.3.4. Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio.html">11.3.5. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections.html">11.3.6. Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating.html">11.3.7. Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution.html">11.3.8. Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix.html">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth.html">11.3.10. SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses.html">11.3.11. Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features.html">11.3.12. Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling.html">11.3.13. Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help.html">11.3.14. How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution.html">11.3.15. Legal Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html">11.4. Composing with SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration.html">11.4.2. Inspiration</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part.html">11.4.3. Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.4. Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones.html">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones.html">11.4.6. Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code.html">11.4.7. Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.8. Making a Useful Section out of the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts.html">11.4.9. Joining the Two Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html">11.5. Exporting Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output.html">11.5.2. Recording SuperCollider's Output (Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html">12. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Works</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach.html">12.2. The <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation.html">12.3. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html">12.4. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations.html">12.4.2. Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations.html">12.4.3. Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-
LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity.html">12.4.4. Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords.html">12.4.5. Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands.html">12.4.6. Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files.html">12.4.7. Source Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors.html">12.4.8. Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html">12.5. Working on a Counterpoint Exercise (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musici
ans_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score.html">12.5.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.5.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting.html">12.5.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score.html">12.5.5. Formatting the Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html">12.6. Working on an Orchestral Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score.html">12
.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.6.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting.html">12.6.4. Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html">12.7. Working on a Piano Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score.html">12.7.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.7.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting.html">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors.html">12.7.5. Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting.html">12.7.6. Formatting the Score (Piano Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html">13. Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation.html">13.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration.html">13.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using.html">13.4. Using Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html">14. GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1. Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-
Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional Installation: MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html">14.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments.html">14.2.2. Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs.html">14.2.3. External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface.html">14.2.4. Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise.html">14.2.5. Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup.html">14.2.6. Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html">14.3. Training Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1. Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types.html">14.3.2. Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program.html">14.3.3. Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html">14.
3.4. Supplementary References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html">14.4. Using the Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1. Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises.html">14.4.2. Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses.html">14.4.3. Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises.html">14.4.4. Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises.html">14.4.5. Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions.html">14.4.6. Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html">14.4.7. Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html">A. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id628071">1. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id567811">1.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id652423">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html#id564039">1.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s02.html">2. We Need Feedback!</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt01.html">I. Linux Audio Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html">1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="
section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.3
. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection.html">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format.html">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate.html">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate.html">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions.html">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus.html">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level.html">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance.html">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time.html">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocab
ulary-Synchronization.html">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing.html">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio.html">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html">2. Software for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html">2.2. Sound Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1. PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK.html">2.2.2. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html">2.2.3. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html">2.3.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="s
ystemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html">3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling.html">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel.html">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time.html">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora.html">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CC
RMA_at_Home.html">4. Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html">4.2. Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability.html">4.2.2. Security and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices.html">4.2.3. A Possible "Best Practices" Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html">4.3. Using So
ftware from Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities.html">4.3.2. Set Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html">4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt02.html">II. Audio and Music Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html">5. Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements.html">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation.html">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion.html">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback.html">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording.html">5.2.6. Post-Ins
tallation Test: Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware.html">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Format.html">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface.html">5.4. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record.html">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario.html">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks.html">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks.html">5.6.4. Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level.html">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise.html">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out.html">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio.html">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Segment.html">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser.html">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion.html">5.6.11. Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File.html">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html">6. Digital Audio Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html">6.2. Stages of Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recordi
ng.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1. Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing.html">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering.html">6.2.3. Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info.html">6.2.4. More Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html">6.3. Interface Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1. Session</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack.html">6.3.2. Track and Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment.html">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect
-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region.html">6.3.4. Relationship of Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead.html">6.3.5. Transport and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation.html">6.3.6. Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html">6.4. User Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock.html">6.4.2. Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane.html">6.4.3. "Track Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane.html">6.4.4. "Track" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls.html">6.4.5. Transport Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html">7. Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour
-Installation">7.1.4. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html">7.2. Recording a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface.html">7.2.2. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_the_Timeline.html">7.2.3. Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources.html">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setti
ng_up_Busses_and_Tracks.html">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level.html">7.2.6. Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region.html">7.2.7. Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More.html">7.2.8. Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio.html">7.2.9. Routing Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio.html">7.2.10. Importing Existing Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files.html">7.3. Files for the Tutorial</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html">7.4. Editing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses.html">7.4.2. Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups.html">7.4.3. Creating Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks.html">7.4.4. Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size.html">7.4.5. Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_
Recordings.html">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange.html">7.4.7. Arrange Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen.html">7.4.8. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html">7.5. Mixing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1. Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels.html">7.5.2. Set Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning.html">7.5.3. Set Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks.html">7.5.4. Make Further Adjustments with an Automation Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things.html">7.5.5. Other Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen.html">7.5.6. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html">7.6. Mastering a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window.html">7.6.2. Using the Export Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html">8. Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd>
<dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5. Installatio
n</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html">8.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab.html">8.2.2. MIDI Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names.html">8.2.3. Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html">8.3. Using Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtrac
tor-Using-MIDI_Tools.html">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK.html">8.3.3. Using JACK with Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together.html">8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips.html">8.3.5. Miscellaneous Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html">8.4. Creating a MIDI Composition (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements.html">8.4.2. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready.html">8.4.3. Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File.html">8.4.4. Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area.html">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme.html">8.4.6. Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme.html">8.4.7. Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part.html">8.4.8. Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75.html">8.4.9. Qtractor's Meas
ures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97.html">8.4.10. Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97.html">8.4.11. Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119.html">8.4.12. Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139.html">8.4.13. Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158.html">8.4.14. Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176.html">8.4.15. Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtra
ctor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End.html">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177 to the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html">9. Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians
_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html">9.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1. Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden.html">9.2.2. Setup <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond.html">9.3.
<span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html">9.4. Write a Song in <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track.html">9.4.2. Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion.html">9.4.3. Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody.html">9.4.4. Add a Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue.h
tml">9.4.5. Possible Ways to Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html">10. FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1. SoundFont Technology and MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_I
nstallation.html">10.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation.html">10.2.2. Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth.html">10.2.3. Installation with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth.html">10.2.4. Installation without <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Flui
dSynth-Req_and_Inst.html">10.2.5. Installation of SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal.html">10.3. Using <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html">10.4. Configuring <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1. Starting <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont.html">10.4.2. SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output.html">10.4.3. <span class="application"><strong>JAC
K</strong></span> Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input.html">10.4.4. MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings.html">10.4.5. Viewing all <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html">10.5. Assigning Programs to Channels with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1. Changing the Number of MIDI Input Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments.ht
ml">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus.html">10.6. Using Reverb and Chorus with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances.html">10.7. Multiple <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Instances with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html">11. <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guid
e-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4. Available <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5. Recommended Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html">11.2. Using <span class="application"><s
trong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1. Enable and Configure SCEd in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server.html">11.2.2. Enable <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code.html">11.2.3. Executing Code in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips.html">11.2.4. Other Tips for Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with <span class="application
"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html">11.3. Basic Programming in <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions.html">11.3.2. Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented.html">11.3.3. Object-Oriented <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions.html">11.3.4. Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"
><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio.html">11.3.5. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections.html">11.3.6. Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating.html">11.3.7. Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution.html">11.3.8. Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_and_Mix.html">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth.html">11.3.10. SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses.html">11.3.11. Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features.html">11.3.12. Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling.html">11.3.13. Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help.html">11.3.14. How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution.html">11.3.15. Legal Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html">11.4. Composing with SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration.html">11.4.2. Inspiration</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part.html">11.4.3. Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.4. Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones.html">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones.html">11.4.6. Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code.html">11.4.7. Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.8. Making a Useful Section out of the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Music
ians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts.html">11.4.9. Joining the Two Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html">11.5. Exporting Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output.html">11.5.2. Recording SuperCollider's Output (Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html">12. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Works</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach.html">12.2. The <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation.html">12.3. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html">12.4. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations.html">12.4.2. Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations.html">12.4.3. Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-
LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity.html">12.4.4. Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords.html">12.4.5. Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands.html">12.4.6. Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files.html">12.4.7. Source Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors.html">12.4.8. Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html">12.5. Working on a Counterpoint Exercise (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musici
ans_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score.html">12.5.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.5.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting.html">12.5.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score.html">12.5.5. Formatting the Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html">12.6. Working on an Orchestral Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score.html">12
.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.6.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting.html">12.6.4. Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html">12.7. Working on a Piano Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score.html">12.7.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.7.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting.html">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors.html">12.7.5. Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting.html">12.7.6. Formatting the Score (Piano Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html">13. Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Makes_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation.html">13.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration.html">13.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using.html">13.4. Using Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html">14. GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1. Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-
Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional Installation: MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html">14.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments.html">14.2.2. Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs.html">14.2.3. External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface.html">14.2.4. Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise.html">14.2.5. Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup.html">14.2.6. Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html">14.3. Training Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1. Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types.html">14.3.2. Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program.html">14.3.3. Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html">14.
3.4. Supplementary References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html">14.4. Using the Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1. Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises.html">14.4.2. Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses.html">14.4.3. Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises.html">14.4.4. Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises.html">14.4.5. Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions.html">14.4.6. Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html">14.4.7. Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html">A. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/ix01.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/ix01.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Index</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="appe-Musicians_Guide-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix A. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Cont
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pr01s02.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2. We Need Feedback!</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="next" href="pt01.html" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a
class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pt01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="2. We Need Feedback!" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id666457">2. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id540401" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2. We Need Feedback!</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="next" href="pt01.html" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a
class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pt01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="2. We Need Feedback!" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id474187">2. We Need Feedback!</h2></div></div></div><a id="id472577" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in Bugzilla: <a href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/">http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/</a> against the product <span class="application"><strong>Fedora Documentation.</strong></span>
</div><div class="para">
When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual's identifier: <em class="citetitle">musicians-guide</em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
index b9f70d7..94adf39 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Preface</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.o
rg"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface" id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document Conventions" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id694923">1. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Preface</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.o
rg"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" title="Preface" id="pref-Musicians_Guide-Preface" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" title="1. Document Conventions" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id628071">1. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id588464">1.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" title="1.1. Typographic Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id567811">1.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the first use of a new and important term. For example:
</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
Publican is a <em class="firstterm">DocBook</em> publishing system.
- </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id566666">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" title="1.2. Pull-quote Conventions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id652423">1.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
System.<span class="perl_Function">out</span>.<span class="perl_Function">println</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Echo.echo('Hello') = "</span> + echo.<span class="perl_Function">echo</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Hello"</span>));
}
-}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id485738">1.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section" title="1.3. Notes and Warnings"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id564039">1.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><h2>Note</h2><div class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
index 5302228..04b6405 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt01.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part I. Linux Audio Basics</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!" /><link rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html" title="Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</i
frame></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" id="id1667230"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Linux Audio Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="Linux Audio Basics" id="id1667236"><div></div><div class="para">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part I. Linux Audio Basics</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s02.html" title="2. We Need Feedback!" /><link rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html" title="Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</i
frame></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" title="Part I. Linux Audio Basics" id="id1701858"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Linux Audio Basics</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="Linux Audio Basics" id="id1701864"><div></div><div class="para">
asdf
</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html">1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Sound_Cards_Are">1.1. Types of Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audio_Interfaces">1.1.1. Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-MIDI_Interfaces">1.1.2. MIDI Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html">1.2. Sound Card Connections</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Card_Connections.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Motherboard_Integrated">1.2.1. Integrated into the Motherboard</a></span></dt><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-PCI_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.2. Internal PCI Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FireWire_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.3. External FireWire Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-USB_Sound_Cards.html">1.2.4. External USB Connection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Choose_Sound_Card_Connection.html">1.2.5. Choosing a Connection Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html">1.3. Sample, Sample Rate, Sample Format, and Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate_and_Sample_Format.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample">1.3.1. Sample</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Format.html">1.3.2. Sample Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sample_Rate.html">1.3.3. Sample Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_Rate.html">1.3.4. Bit Rate</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Bit_and_Sample_Rate_Conclusions.html">1.3.5. Conclusions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html">1.4. Other Digital Audio Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-MIDI_Sequencer">1.4.1. MIDI Sequencer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Bus.html">1.4.2. Busses, Master Bus, and Sub-Master Bus</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Level.html">1.4.3. Level (Volume/Loudness)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Panning_and_Balance.html">1.4.4. Panning and Balance</a
></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Time.html">1.4.5. Time, Timeline, and Time-Shifting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Synchronization.html">1.4.6. Synchronization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Vocabulary-Routing_and_Multiplexing.html">1.4.7. Routing and Multiplexing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Multichannel_Audio.html">1.4.8. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html">2. Software for Sound Cards</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-ALSA">2.1. How Linux Deals with Audio Hardware</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html">2.2. So
und Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers_Section.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-PulseAudio">2.2.1. PulseAudio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-JACK.html">2.2.2. <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html">2.2.3. Phonon</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html">2.3.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl
</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> with <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html">3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Low_Latency">3.1. Why Low Latency Is Desirable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Processor_Scheduling.html">3.2. Processor Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_Linux_Kernel.html">3.3. The Real-Time Linux Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Hard_and_Soft_Real_Time.html">3.4. Hard and Soft Real-Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><
a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Getting_Real_Time_Kernel_in_Fedora.html">3.5. Getting a Real-Time Kernel in Fedora Linux</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html">4. Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Planet_CCRMA_at_Home.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-What_Is_Planet_CCRMA">4.1. About Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html">4.2. Deciding Whether to Use Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Whether_to_Use_Planet_CCRMA.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Need_Exclusive_Software">4.2.1. Exclusive Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Security_and_Stability.html">4.2.2. Security and Stability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicia
ns_Guide-CCRMA_Best_Practices.html">4.2.3. A Possible "Best Practices" Solution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html">4.3. Using Software from Planet CCRMA at Home</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository">4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Repository_Priorities.html">4.3.2. Set Repository Priorities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html">4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2. We Need Feedback!</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up<
/strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Cards.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 1. Sound Cards and Digital Audio</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html
index 271f005..7693d16 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/pt02.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part II. Audio and Music Software</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html" title="4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated" /><link rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html" title="Chapter 5. Audacity" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Part II. Audio and Music Software</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html" title="4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated" /><link rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html" title="Chapter 5. Audacity" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view
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</div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html">5. Audacity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Knowing_When_to_Use">5.1. Kowing When to Use Audacity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html">5.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Software_Requirements">5.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Hardware_Requirements.html">5.2.2. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation.html">5.2.3. Standard Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Installation_with_RPM_Fusion.html">5.2.4. Installation with MP3 Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Playback.html">5.2.5. Post-Installation Test: Playback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Testing_Recording.html">5.2.6. Post-Installation Test: Recording</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html">5.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity_Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-First_Use">5.3.1. When You Run Audacity for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Configure_to_Use_Your_Hardware.html">5.3.2. Configuring Audacity for Your Sound Card</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Setting_Sample_Rate_and_Fo
rmat.html">5.3.3. Setting the Project's Sample Rate and Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Interface.html">5.4. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html">5.5. Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Start_to_Record">5.5.1. Start to Record</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Recording-Continuing_to_Record.html">5.5.2. Continue to Record</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html">5.6. Creating a New Login Sound (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Files">5.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Scenario.html">5.6.2. Scenario</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Aligning_Tracks.html">5.6.3. Align Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Stretching_Tracks.html">5.6.4. Stretching Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Adjust_Volume_Level.html">5.6.5. Adjust the Volume Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Remove_Noise.html">5.6.6. Remove Noise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Fade_Out.html">5.6.7. Fade In or Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Removing_Audio.html">5.6.8. Remove Some Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Repeating_a_Se
gment.html">5.6.9. Repeat an Already-Recorded Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Using_the_Phaser.html">5.6.10. Add a Special Effect (the Phaser)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Tutorial-Conclusion.html">5.6.11. Conclusion</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html">5.7. Save and Export</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Save_and_Export.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_Part_of_a_File">5.7.1. Export Part of a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Audacity-Exporting_a_Whole_File.html">5.7.2. Export a Whole File</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html">6. Digital Audio Workstations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Digital_Audio_Workstations.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Knowing_Which_DAW_to_Use">6.1. Knowing Which DAW to Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html">6.2. Stages of Recording</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Stages_of_Recording.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Recording">6.2.1. Recording</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mixing.html">6.2.2. Mixing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Mastering.html">6.2.3. Mastering</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Record_Mix_Master_More_Info.html">6.2.4. More Information</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Vocabulary.html">6.3. Interface Vocabulary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Interface_Voc
abulary.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Session">6.3.1. Session</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_and_Multitrack.html">6.3.2. Track and Multitrack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Region_Clip_Segment.html">6.3.3. Region, Clip, or Segment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Session_Track_Region.html">6.3.4. Relationship of Session, Track, and Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Transport_and_Playhead.html">6.3.5. Transport and Playhead</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Automation.html">6.3.6. Automation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html">6.4. User Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_User_Interface.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Messages_Pane">6.4.1. "Messages" Pane</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Clock.html">6.4.2. Clock</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Info_Pane.html">6.4.3. "Track Info" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Track_Pane.html">6.4.4. "Track" Pane</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-DAW_Transport_Controls.html">6.4.5. Transport Controls</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html">7. Ardour</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Requirements_and_Installation">7.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Knowledge_Requirements">7.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guid
e-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Software_Requirements">7.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Hardware_Requirements">7.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Ardour.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Installation">7.1.4. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html">7.2. Recording a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording_a_Session.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Running_Ardour">7.2.1. Running <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Interface.html">7.2.2. The Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recordin
g-Setting_up_the_Timeline.html">7.2.3. Setting up the Timeline</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Connecting_Audio_Sources.html">7.2.4. Connecting Audio Sources to <span class="application"><strong>Ardour</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Setting_up_Busses_and_Tracks.html">7.2.5. Setting up the Busses and Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Adjusting_Recording_Level.html">7.2.6. Adjusting Recording Level (Volume)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_a_Region.html">7.2.7. Recording a Region</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Recording_More.html">7.2.8. Recording More</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Routing_Audio.html">7.2.9. Routi
ng Audio and Managing <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Recording-Importing_Existing_Audio.html">7.2.10. Importing Existing Audio</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Tutorial_Files.html">7.3. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html">7.4. Editing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Tracks_and_Busses">7.4.1. Add Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Connect_Tracks_and_Busses.html">7.4.2. Connect the Tracks and Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Edit_Groups.html">7.4.3. Creating Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="
section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Add_Regions_to_Tracks.html">7.4.4. Add Regions to Tracks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Cut_Regions_Down_to_Size.html">7.4.5. Cut the Regions Down to Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Compare_Multiple_Recordings.html">7.4.6. Compare Multiple Recordings of the Same Thing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Arrange.html">7.4.7. Arrange Regions into the Right Places</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Editing-Listen.html">7.4.8. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html">7.5. Mixing a Song (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Enabling_Stereo_Output">7.5.1.
Setting the Session for Stereo Output and Disabling Edit Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Levels.html">7.5.2. Set Initial Levels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Set_Initial_Panning.html">7.5.3. Set Initial Panning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Automation_Tracks.html">7.5.4. Make Further Adjustments with an Automation Track</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Other_Things.html">7.5.5. Other Things You Might Want to Do</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mixing-Listen.html">7.5.6. Listen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.html">7.6. Mastering a Session</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering.ht
ml#sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Ways_to_Export">7.6.1. Ways to Export Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Ardour-Mastering-Using_Export_Window.html">7.6.2. Using the Export Window</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html">8. Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Requirements_and_Installation">8.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Knowledge_Requirements">8.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Software_Requirements">8.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qt
ractor-Hardware_Requirements">8.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Other_Requirements">8.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Installation">8.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html">8.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-Audio_Tab">8.2.1. Audio Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Tab.html">8.2.2. MIDI Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Configuration-MIDI_Channel_Names.html">8.2.3. Configuring MIDI Channel Names</a></span></dt></dl></
dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html">8.3. Using Qtractor</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Blue_Place_Markers">8.3.1. Using the Blue Place-Markers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-MIDI_Tools.html">8.3.2. Using the MIDI Matrix Editor's Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-JACK.html">8.3.3. Using JACK with Qtractor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Exporting_Audio_and_MIDI_Together.html">8.3.4. Exporting a Whole File (Audio and MIDI Together)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Using-Tips.html">8.3.5. Miscellaneous Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html">8.4. Creatin
g a MIDI Composition (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Inspiration">8.4.1. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Requirements.html">8.4.2. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Getting_Qtractor_Ready.html">8.4.3. Getting Qtractor Ready</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Import_the_Audio_File.html">8.4.4. Import the Audio File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Marking_the_First_Formal_Area.html">8.4.5. Marking the First Formal Area</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Creating_our_Theme.html">8.4.6. Creating our Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Repeat_the_Theme.html">8.4.7. Repeat the Theme</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Compose_the_Next_Part.html">8.4.8. Compose the Next Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_52_to_75.html">8.4.9. Qtractor's Measures 52 to 75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_75_to_97.html">8.4.10. Qtractor's Measures 75 to 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measure_97.html">8.4.11. Qtractor's Measure 97</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_98_to_119.html">8.4.12. Qtractor's Measures 98 to 119</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_119_to_139.html">8.4.13. Qtractor's Measures 119 to 139</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_139_to_158.html">8.4.14. Qtractor's Measures 139 to 158</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_158_to_176.html">8.4.15. Qtractor's Measures 158 to 176</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Qtractor-Tutorial-Measures_177_to_the_End.html">8.4.16. Qtractor's Measures 177 to the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html">9. Rosegarden</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Requirements_and_Installation">9.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Knowledge_Requirements">9.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Software_Requirements">9.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Hardware_Requirements">9.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Other_Requirements">9.1.4. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Installation">9.1.5. Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html">9.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-JACK_and_Qsynth">9.2.1. Setup <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></spa
n> and <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Configuration-Rosegarden.html">9.2.2. Setup <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden_and_LilyPond.html">9.3. <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> and LilyPond</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html">9.4. Write a Song in <span class="application"><strong>Rosegarden</strong></span> (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Bass_Line">9.4.1. Start the Score with a Bass Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Percussion_Track.html">9.4.2. Add a Percussion Track</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Spice_up_the_Percussion.html">9.4.3. Spice up the Percussion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Melody.html">9.4.4. Add a Melody</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Rosegarden-Tutorial-Ways_to_Continue.html">9.4.5. Possible Ways to Continue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html">10. FluidSynth</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-SoundFont_Technology_and_MIDI">10.1. SoundFont Technology and MIDI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-How_to_Get_a_SoundFont">10.1.1. How to Get a SoundFont</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.htm
l#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Terms">10.1.2. MIDI Instruments, Banks, Programs, and Patches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-MIDI_Channels">10.1.3. MIDI Channels</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html">10.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Requirements_and_Installation.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">10.2.1. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation.html">10.2.2. Thare Are Two Ways to Install <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_with_Qsynth.html">10.2.3
. Installation with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst-Installation_without_Qsynth.html">10.2.4. Installation without <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Req_and_Inst.html">10.2.5. Installation of SoundFont Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-In_a_Terminal.html">10.3. Using <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> in a Terminal</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html">10.4. Configuring <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Starting_FluidSynth">10.4.1. St
arting <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-SoundFont.html">10.4.2. SoundFont Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-JACK_Output.html">10.4.3. <span class="application"><strong>JACK</strong></span> Output Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-MIDI_Input.html">10.4.4. MIDI Input Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Configuring-Viewing_all_Settings.html">10.4.5. Viewing all <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Settings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html">10.5. Assigning Programs to Channels with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span><
/a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Assigning_Programs_to_Channels.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Changing_Number_of_Input_Channels">10.5.1. Changing the Number of MIDI Input Channels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Saving_and_Reusing_Channel_Assignments.html">10.5.2. Saving and Reusing Channel Assignments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Reverb_and_Chorus.html">10.6. Using Reverb and Chorus with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-FluidSynth-Multiple_Instances.html">10.7. Multiple <span class="application"><strong>FluidSynth</strong></span> Instances with <span class="application"><strong>Qsynth</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html">11. <sp
an class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Requirements_and_Installation">11.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Knowledge">11.1.1. Knowledge Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Software_Requirements">11.1.2. Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Hardware_Requirements">11.1.3. Hardware Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-SC-Req_and_Inst-Available_Packages">11.1.4. Available <span class="application"><strong>
SuperCollider</strong></span> Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Req_and_Inst-Recommended_Installation">11.1.5. Recommended Installation</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html">11.2. Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> to Write and Run <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Enable_and_Configure_SCEd">11.2.1. Enable and Configure SCEd in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Start_a_Server.html">11.2.2. Enable <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span> Mode and Start a Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Executing_Code.html">11.2.3. Executing Code in <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Using_GEdit-Other_Tips.html">11.2.4. Other Tips for Using <span class="application"><strong>GEdit</strong></span> with <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html">11.3. Basic Programming in <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Basic_Programming.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-First_Steps">11.3.1. First Steps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Variables_and_Functions.html">11.3.2. Variables and Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Object_Oriented.html">11.3.3. Object-Oriented <span class="application"><strong>SuperCollider</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Sound_Making_Functions.html">11.3.4. Sound-Making Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Multichannel_Audio.html">11.3.5. Multichannel Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Collections.html">11.3.6. Collections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Repeating.html">11.3.7. Repeated Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Conditional_Execution.html">11.3.8. Conditional Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Combining_a
nd_Mix.html">11.3.9. Combining Audio; the Mix Class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-SynthDef_and_Synth.html">11.3.10. SynthDef and Synth</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Busses.html">11.3.11. Busses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Ordering_and_Other_Features.html">11.3.12. Ordering and Other Synth Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Scheduling.html">11.3.13. Scheduling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Getting_Help.html">11.3.14. How to Get Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Basic_Programming-Legal_Attribution.html">11.3.15. Legal Attribution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider
-Composing.html">11.4. Composing with SuperCollider</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Composing.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Tutorial_Files">11.4.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Inspiration.html">11.4.2. Inspiration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_First_Part.html">11.4.3. Designing the First Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Designing_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.4. Designing the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Creating_Ten_Pseudo-Random-Tones.html">11.4.5. Creating Ten Pseudo-Random Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Scheduling_the_Tones.html">11.4.6. Scheduling the Tones</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Optimizing_the_Code.html">11.4.7. Optimizing the Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Making_a_Useful_Function_Out_of_the_Second_Part.html">11.4.8. Making a Useful Section out of the Second Part</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Composing-Joining_the_Two_Parts.html">11.4.9. Joining the Two Parts</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html">11.5. Exporting Sound Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SuperCollider-Exporting.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Non_Real_Time_Synthesis">11.5.1. Non-Real-Time Synthesis</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-SC-Recording_SuperColliders_Output.html">11.5.2. Recording SuperCollider's Output (Tutorial)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span cla
ss="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html">12. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-How_LilyPond_Works">12.1. How <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Works</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-The_LilyPond_Approach.html">12.2. The <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Approach</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Installation.html">12.3. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html">12.4. <span class="application"><strong>LilyPond</strong></span> Basics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Letters_Are_Pitches">12.4.1
. Letters Are Pitches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Numbers_Are_Durations.html">12.4.2. Numbers Are Durations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Articulations.html">12.4.3. Articulations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Simultaneity.html">12.4.4. Simultaneity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Chords.html">12.4.5. Chords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Commands.html">12.4.6. Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Source_Files.html">12.4.7. Source Files and Their Formatting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Syntax-Avoiding_Errors.html">12.4.8. Avoiding Errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section">
<a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html">12.5. Working on a Counterpoint Exercise (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Tutorial_Files">12.5.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Starting_the_Score.html">12.5.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.5.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Inputting.html">12.5.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Counterpoint-Formatting_the_Score.html">12.5.5. Formatting the Score</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orch
estra.html">12.6. Working on an Orchestral Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Tutorial_Files">12.6.1. Files for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Starting_the_Score.html">12.6.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.6.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Orchestra-Inputting.html">12.6.4. Inputting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html">12.7. Working on a Piano Score (Tutorial)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Tutorial_Files">12.7.1. Files
for the Tutorial</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Starting_the_Score.html">12.7.2. Starting the Score</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Adjusting_Frescobaldis_Output.html">12.7.3. Adjusting Frescobaldi's Output</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Inputting.html">12.7.4. Inputting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Troubleshooting_Errors.html">12.7.5. Troubleshooting Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-LilyPond-Piano-Formatting.html">12.7.6. Formatting the Score (Piano Dynamics)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html">13. Frescobaldi</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Mak
es_LilyPond_Easier">13.1. Frescobaldi Makes LilyPond Easier</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Installation.html">13.2. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Configuration.html">13.3. Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Frescobaldi-Using.html">13.4. Using Frescobaldi</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html">14. GNU Solfege</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Requirements_and_Installation">14.1. Requirements and Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Hardware_and_Software_Requirements">14.1.1. Hardware and Software Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Mus
icians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Other_Requirements">14.1.2. Other Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install">14.1.3. Required Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_Csound">14.1.4. Optional Installation: Csound</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Solfege.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Install_MMA">14.1.5. Optional Installation: MMA</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html">14.2. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-First_Time">14.2.1. When You Run Solfege for the First Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guid
e-Solfege-Configuration-Instruments.html">14.2.2. Instruments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-External_Programs.html">14.2.3. External Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Interface.html">14.2.4. Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Practise.html">14.2.5. Practise</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Configuration-Sound_Setup.html">14.2.6. Sound Setup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html">14.3. Training Yourself</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Aural_Skilla_and_Musical_Sensibility">14.3.1. Aural Skills and Musical Sensibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s
ect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Exercise_Types.html">14.3.2. Exercise Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Making_an_Aural_Skills_Program.html">14.3.3. Making an Aural Skills Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html">14.3.4. Supplementary References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html">14.4. Using the Exercises</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Using_the_Exercises.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Listening_Exercises">14.4.1. Listening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Singing_Exercises.html">14.4.2. Singing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Configure_Yourself_Exericses.html">14.4.3. Configure Yourself</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Rhythm_Exercises.html">14.4.4. Rhythm</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Dictation_Exercises.html">14.4.5. Dictation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Harmonic_Progressions.html">14.4.6. Harmonic Progressions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Intonation.html">14.4.7. Intonation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Preventing_Package_Updates.html"><strong>Prev</strong>4.3.3. Prevent a Package from Being Updated</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Audacity.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 5. Audacity
</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK.html
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@@ -1,37 +1,34 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.3.3. Integrating PulseAudio with JACK</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html" title="2.3.2. Using QjackCtl" /><link rel="next" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html" title="Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src=
"../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" title="2.3.3. Integrating PulseAudio with JACK" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Integrating_PulseAudio_with_JACK">2.3.3. Integrating <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</co
de> with <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
- The default configuration of <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- You'll need to edit the <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Run the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module module-alsa-sink[/code]:
+ The default configuration of <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> yields control of the audio equipment to <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> when the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server starts. <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> will not be able to receive input or send output of any audio signals on the audio interface used by <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>. This is fine for occasional users of <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, but many users will want to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> and <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> simultaneously, or switch between the two frequently. The following instructions will configure <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> so that its input and output is routed through <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div class="para">
+ Use PackageKit or KPackageKit to install the <span class="package">pulseaudio-module-jack</span> package.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><div class="para">
+ Approve the installation and ensure that it is carried out properly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><div class="para">
+ You'll need to edit the <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> configuration file to use the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> module.
+ </div><ol class="a"><li class="step" title="Step 3.a"><div class="para">
+ Be careful! You will be editing an important system file as the root user!
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3.b"><div class="para">
+ Run the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/pulse/default.pa'</code>
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3.c"><div class="para">
+ Add the following lines, underneath the line that says [code]#load-module module-alsa-sink[/code]:
<pre class="programlisting">
load-module module-jack-sink
load-module module-jack-source
</pre>
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by running the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> restarts automatically.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Confirm that this has worked by opening <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is "Active".
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Open <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s "Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running every time the program quits. Since <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this any more.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot of CPU power.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.3.2. Using QjackCtl</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ol></li><li class="step" title="Step 4"><div class="para">
+ Restart <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> by running the following command in a terminal: <code class="command">killall pulseaudio</code> <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> restarts automatically.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><div class="para">
+ Confirm that this has worked by opening <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>. The display should confirm that <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> is "Active".
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><div class="para">
+ In the "Connect" window, on the "Audio" tab, there should be <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> devices on each side, and they should be connected to "system" devices on the opposite sides.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 7"><div class="para">
+ Open <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>'s "Setup" window, then click on the "Options" tab. Uncheck "Execute script after Shutdown: killall jackd". If you did not make this change, then <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> would stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server from running every time the program quits. Since <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> is still expecting to use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> after that, you shouldn't do this any more.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 8"><div class="para">
+ When <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> starts <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>, it uses the command found in the <code class="filename">~/.jackdrc</code> file. <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> automatically updates this file when you change settings, but you may have to restart both <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code> and <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> in order to get the new changes to take effect. If they refuse to take effect, you can edit that file yourself.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 9"><div class="para">
+ Be careful about using a very high sample rate with <code class="systemitem">PulseAudio</code>, since it will tend to use a lot of CPU power.
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.3.2. Using QjackCtl</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-Real_Time_and_Low_Latency.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 3. Real-Time and Low Latency</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
index a61b358..9051437 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Solfege-Training-Supplementary_References.html
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
When you practise sight-singing from any book, we recommend hearing the tonic pitch from a fixed-pitch instrument (like a piano or keyboard synthesizer) before you sing an excerpt. With the tonic pitch in your mind, and without singing aloud, find the starting note of the excerpt, and sing the excerpt <span class="emphasis"><em>in your mind</em></span> several times, until you are sure that you are singing the excerpt correctly. When you have the melody in your mind, sing the excerpt out loud, as many times as you need to be sure that you are singing it correctly. Only <span class="emphasis"><em>after</em></span> you sing the excerpt perfectly should you play it on a fixed-pitch instrument to confirm that you are correct.
</div><div class="para">
You should build your ear with as little help from external sources (pianos, and so on) as possible. A significant amount of research shows that this gives you a more flexible musical mind, and that, while the initial learning curve is very steep, you will ultimately be able to learn new concepts faster.
- </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills Books" id="id544450"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Aural Skills Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
+ </div><div class="bibliography" title="Aural Skills Books" id="id613222"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Aural Skills Books</h4></div></div></div><div class="biblioentry" title="Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing"><p><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Ben</span> <span class="surname">Crowell</span>. </span><span class="title"><i>Eyes and Ears: an Anthology of Melodies for Sight-Singing</i>. </span><span class="date">2004. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
Ben Crowell
. </span><span class="address">
<span class="otheraddr"><a href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html">http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html</a></span>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
index ad60cc3..5c457c9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Musicians_Guide/sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK.html
@@ -1,51 +1,29 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html" title="Chapter 2. Software for Sound Cards" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html" title="2.2.3. Phonon" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html" title="2.3.2. Using QjackCtl" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../
../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For instructions, refer to <a class="xref" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository" title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories”</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span> and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Run <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from the KMenu or the Applications menu.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, press the 'Start' button; to stop it, press the 'Stop' button.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use the 'Messages' button to see messages, which are usually errors or warnings.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use the 'Status' button to see various statistics about the currently-running server.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Use the 'Connections' button to see and adjust the connections between applications and audio hardware.
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> will operate without following this procedure, but users are strongly encouraged to follow these three steps, for security reasons. They will help to allow optimal performance of the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> sound server, while greatly reducing the risk that an application or user will accidentally or malicious take advantage of the capability.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Add all of the users who will use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to the <code class="literal">audio</code> group. For instructions to add users to groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em> of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available at <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>.
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- The default installation automatically enables real-time priority to be requested by any user or process. This is undesirable, so we will edit it.
- <div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Open a terminal, and run the following command: <code class="command">sudo -c 'gedit /etc/security/limits.conf'</code>
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Be careful! You're editing this important system file as the root user!
- </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- Edit the last lines, so that they read:
-<pre class="programlisting">
- at audio - rtprio 99
- at audio - memlock 4194304
- at audio - nice -10
-</pre>
-
- </div></li></ol></div>
- </div></li></ol></div>
-
- </div><div class="para">
- With the default configuration of <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the ALSA sound server. We can avoid this, and use the ALSA drivers without the sound server, which will help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to maintain accurately low latencies. The following procedure configures <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the ALSA driver directly.
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.1" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Musicians_Guide-0.1-en-US-14.0.1-0" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Musicians' Guide" /><link rel="up" href="chap-Musicians_Guide-How_Computers_Deal_with_Hardware.html" title="Chapter 2. Software for Sound Cards" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html" title="2.2.3. Phonon" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html" title="2.3.2. Using QjackCtl" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../
../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Sound_Servers-Phonon.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_QjackCtl.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" title="2.3. Using the JACK Audio Connection Kit" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_JACK">2.3. Using the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> Audio Connection Kit</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"
title="2.3.1. Installing and Configuring JACK" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Musicians_Guide-Install_and_Configure_JACK">2.3.1. Installing and Configuring <code class="systemitem">JACK</code></h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div class="para">
+ Ensure that you have installed the Planet CCRMA at Home repositories. For instructions, refer to <a class="xref" href="sect-Musicians_Guide-Using_Planet_CCRMA_Software.html#sect-Musicians_Guide-CCRMA_Installing_Repository" title="4.3.1. Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories">Section 4.3.1, “Installing the Planet CCRMA at Home Repositories”</a>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><div class="para">
+ Use <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>KPackageKit</strong></span> to install the <span class="package">jack-audio-connection-kit</span> and <span class="package">qjackctl</span> packages.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><div class="para">
+ Review and approve the installation, making sure that it completes correctly.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 4"><div class="para">
+ Run <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span> from the KMenu or the Applications menu.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><div class="para">
+ To start the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Start</strong></span>. To stop the <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> server, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Stop</strong></span>.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><div class="para">
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Messages</strong></span> to see messages, which are usually errors or warnings.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 7"><div class="para">
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Status</strong></span> to see various statistics about the currently-running server.
+ </div></li><li class="step" title="Step 8"><div class="para">
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Connections</strong></span> button to see and adjust the connections between applications and audio hardware.
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="important"><h2>Important</h2><div class="para">
+ <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> operates with special real-time privileges. You must add all users to the <code class="systemitem">jackuser</code> and <code class="systemitem">pulse-rt</code> groups so they can use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>. For instructions to add users to groups, see Chapter 22, <em class="citetitle">Users and Groups</em> of the <em class="citetitle">Fedora Deployment Guide</em>, available at <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>. Do not add users to these groups if they will not use <code class="systemitem">JACK</code>.
+ </div></div><div class="para">
+ With the default configuration of <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>, it chooses the "default" sound card, which actually goes through the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> sound server. We can avoid this, and use the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> drivers without the sound server, which will help <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to maintain accurately low latencies. The following procedure configures <code class="systemitem">JACK</code> to connect to the <code class="systemitem">ALSA</code> driver directly.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><div class="para">
- Open a terminal. In GNOME, click on 'Applications > System > Terminal'. In KDE, click on the application launcher, then 'System > Konsole'.
+ Open a terminal. In GNOME, choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Terminal</strong></span>. In KDE, click on the application launcher, then choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Konsole</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><div class="para">
- Execute this command: "cat /proc/asound/cards".
+ Execute this command: <code class="command">cat /proc/asound/cards</code>
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>cat</strong></span> program outputs a list of sound cards in your computer, which looks similar to this list:
<pre class="programlisting">
@@ -60,7 +38,7 @@
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><div class="para">
Start <span class="application"><strong>QjackCtl</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><div class="para">
- Open the "Setup" window by clicking 'Setup'.
+ Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Setup</strong></span> to open the "Setup" window.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 7"><div class="para">
In the 'Interface' text box, type the name of your preferred sound card with "hw:" in front. With the sound cards listed above, you might write <code class="literal">hw:MobilePre</code>.
</div></li><li class="step" title="Step 8"><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Musicians_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Musicians_Guide-en-US.pdf
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/toc.html b/public_html/en-US/toc.html
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@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
<a class="type" href="./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<a class="type" href="./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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<a class="type" href="./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-es-ES.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-es-ES.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-es-ES.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-es-ES.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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index 73cb822..8751fa7 100644
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+++ b/public_html/fi-FI/toc.html
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
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- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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- <a class="type" href="./Fedora/12/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/12/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/12/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/12/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
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- <a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Fedora_Live_images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
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- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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- <a class="type" href="./Fedora/10/pdf/Fedora_Live_Images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/10/pdf/Fedora_Live_Images/Fedora-12-Fedora_Live_images-fi-FI.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/10/pdf/Fedora_Live_Images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/10/pdf/Fedora_Live_Images/Fedora-13-Fedora_Live_Images-fi-FI.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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index 0f59910..44c1be3 100644
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diff --git a/public_html/it-IT/toc.html b/public_html/it-IT/toc.html
index 35dc18d..53d040f 100644
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@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
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@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/ja-JP/toc.html b/public_html/ja-JP/toc.html
index fa38a50..5973f69 100644
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@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/nb-NO/toc.html b/public_html/nb-NO/toc.html
index 1e378f6..6bbc5ff 100644
--- a/public_html/nb-NO/toc.html
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@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
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@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/nl-NL/toc.html b/public_html/nl-NL/toc.html
index 3279f66..7ab3010 100644
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-nl-NL.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-nl-NL.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/or-IN/toc.html b/public_html/or-IN/toc.html
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diff --git a/public_html/pa-IN/toc.html b/public_html/pa-IN/toc.html
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diff --git a/public_html/pl-PL/toc.html b/public_html/pl-PL/toc.html
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@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/ru-RU/toc.html b/public_html/ru-RU/toc.html
index 585f124..06220c6 100644
--- a/public_html/ru-RU/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/ru-RU/toc.html
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
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+ <a class="type" href="./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-ru-RU.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-ru-RU.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
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@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/sk-SK/toc.html b/public_html/sk-SK/toc.html
index 832568a..b420e00 100644
--- a/public_html/sk-SK/toc.html
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@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
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@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
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@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
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diff --git a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/toc.html b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/toc.html
index 6fb34b5..43b975b 100644
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/toc.html b/public_html/toc.html
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index 1ffc016..62dad1c 100644
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@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html b/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html
index c0e9348..de83923 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/zh-CN/toc.html
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/10/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/10/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/10/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/10/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/toc.html b/public_html/zh-TW/toc.html
index 09714a7..eef9623 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-TW/toc.html
+++ b/public_html/zh-TW/toc.html
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/html-single/Accessibility_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/13/pdf/Accessibility_Guide/Fedora-13-Accessibility_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/html-single/Security_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/11/pdf/Security_Guide/Fedora-11-Security_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/html-single/Installation_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-8-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora/8/pdf/Installation_Guide/Fedora-9-Installation_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@
<a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/html-single/Users_Guide/index.html';return false;">html-single</a>
- <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation-1-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
+ <a class="type" href="../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf" onclick="window.top.location='../en-US/./Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/1/pdf/Users_Guide/Publican-1.6-Users_Guide-en-US.pdf';return false;">pdf</a>
</div>
</div>
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