[software-management-guide/fc4] build translations
Rüdiger Landmann
rlandmann at fedoraproject.org
Sun Jun 6 17:50:23 UTC 2010
commit e9ad8002085ece0acf653dbaaa23c5b1525b2179
Author: Ruediger Landmann <r.landmann at redhat.com>
Date: Mon Jun 7 03:49:36 2010 +1000
build translations
README | 7 +
en-US/Article_Info.xml | 14 +-
en-US/Revision_History.xml | 20 +-
en-US/Software_Management_Guide.ent | 8 +-
en-US/Software_Management_Guide.xml | 1720 ++++++++++++++++-
en-US/concepts.xml | 237 ---
en-US/configuring-repositories.xml | 150 --
en-US/customizing-yum.xml | 442 ----
en-US/doc-entities.xml | 30 -
en-US/introduction.xml | 180 --
en-US/isolated-install.xml | 65 -
en-US/manage-with-yum.xml | 225 ---
en-US/pirut.xml | 120 --
en-US/pup.xml | 91 -
en-US/rpm-info.xml | 88 -
en-US/search-with-yum.xml | 121 --
en-US/tools.xml | 75 -
en-US/update-with-yum.xml | 46 -
en-US/yum-caching.xml | 137 --
en-US/yum-plugins.xml | 27 -
en-US/yum-proxy.xml | 120 --
en_US/concepts.xml | 237 ---
en_US/configuring-repositories.xml | 150 --
en_US/customizing-yum.xml | 442 ----
en_US/doc-entities.xml | 30 -
en_US/introduction.xml | 180 --
en_US/isolated-install.xml | 65 -
en_US/manage-with-yum.xml | 225 ---
en_US/pirut.xml | 120 --
en_US/pup.xml | 91 -
en_US/rpm-info.xml | 88 -
en_US/search-with-yum.xml | 121 --
en_US/tools.xml | 75 -
en_US/update-with-yum.xml | 46 -
en_US/yum-caching.xml | 137 --
en_US/yum-plugins.xml | 27 -
en_US/yum-proxy.xml | 120 --
en_US/yum-software-management-en.xml | 1836 +++++++++++++++++
en_US/yum-software-management.xml | 65 -
es-ES.cfg | 9 +
es-ES/Article_Info.xml | 28 +
es-ES/Author_Group.xml | 19 +
es-ES/Revision_History.xml | 51 +
es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.ent | 4 +
es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.xml | 1263 ++++++++++++
es/yum-software-management-es.xml | 2 +-
po/de.po | 1729 ----------------
po/el.po | 1557 ---------------
po/pa.po | 2265 ---------------------
po/pt.po | 3316 -------------------------------
po/pt_BR.po | 2797 --------------------------
po/sr.po | 2758 -------------------------
po/sr_Latn.po | 2763 -------------------------
po/yum-software-management.pot | 1550 ---------------
po/zh_CN.po | 2139 +++++++++++----------
publican.cfg | 5 +-
zh-CN.cfg | 8 +
zh-CN/Article_Info.xml | 28 +
zh-CN/Author_Group.xml | 19 +
zh-CN/Revision_History.xml | 51 +
zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.ent | 4 +
zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.xml | 395 ++++
zh_CN/yum-software-management-zh_CN.xml | 409 ++++
63 files changed, 6946 insertions(+), 24201 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/README b/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ad7b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+The es-ES and zh-CN translations here are direct translations of the English
+XML file; use the alternative .cfg files to build them.
+
+There's a zh-CN po file in the po directory, but this seems to have been
+reverse-engineered from the zh-CN XML and would require much tweaking to
+get working.
+
diff --git a/en-US/Article_Info.xml b/en-US/Article_Info.xml
index f7b57ce..878e65c 100644
--- a/en-US/Article_Info.xml
+++ b/en-US/Article_Info.xml
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@
%BOOK_ENTITIES;
]>
<articleinfo id="book-Software_Management_Guide-Software_Management_Guide">
- <title>Software Management Guide</title>
- <subtitle>Managing software with YUM</subtitle>
- <productname>Fedora</productname>
- <productnumber>14</productnumber>
+ <title>Managing software with yum</title>
+ <subtitle> </subtitle>
+ <productname>Fedora Core</productname>
+ <productnumber>4</productnumber>
<edition>2.0</edition>
<pubsnumber>0</pubsnumber>
- <abstract>
+ <!-- <abstract>
<para>
- This document presents basic concepts of software management on Fedora systems. It outlines the major functions of YUM, the recommended software management tool for Fedora.
+
</para>
- </abstract>
+ </abstract> -->
<corpauthor>
<inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
diff --git a/en-US/Revision_History.xml b/en-US/Revision_History.xml
index df1da35..0888df9 100644
--- a/en-US/Revision_History.xml
+++ b/en-US/Revision_History.xml
@@ -7,25 +7,7 @@
<title>Revision History</title>
<simpara>
<revhistory>
- <revision date="2008-01-24" number="2.01" role="doc">
- <author worker="JaredKSmith"/>
- <details>Import new version from Wiki, convert to DocBook.</details>
- </revision>
- <revision date="2006-04-30" number="1.31" role="doc">
- <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
- </revision>
- <revision date="2006-03-24" number="1.3" role="doc">
- <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
- <details>Minor restructuring of sections.</details>
- </revision>
- <revision date="2006-03-19" number="1.2" role="doc">
- <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
- <details>Added sections on caching and plugins.</details>
- </revision>
- <revision date="2006-03-13" number="1.1" role="doc">
- <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
- <details>Updated for Fedora 5.</details>
- </revision>
+
<revision date="2005-11-28" number="1.0.5" role="doc">
<author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
<details>Fixed some uses of "Fedora" to read "Fedora Core" where appropriate.</details>
diff --git a/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.ent b/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.ent
index 3d08587..f315b19 100644
--- a/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.ent
+++ b/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.ent
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<!ENTITY PRODUCT "Documentation">
-<!ENTITY BOOKID "Software_Management_Guide">
-<!ENTITY YEAR "2010">
-<!ENTITY HOLDER "| You need to change the HOLDER entity in the en-US/Software_Management_Guide.ent file |">
+<!ENTITY PRODUCT "Fedora Documentation">
+<!ENTITY BOOKID "software-management-guide">
+<!ENTITY YEAR "2005">
+<!ENTITY HOLDER "Red Hat, Inc. and others">
diff --git a/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.xml b/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.xml
index 28b0005..0266169 100644
--- a/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.xml
+++ b/en-US/Software_Management_Guide.xml
@@ -3,35 +3,1699 @@
<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
%BOOK_ENTITIES;
]>
-<article status="draft">
+<article>
<xi:include href="Article_Info.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
-<xi:include href="./introduction.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./concepts.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./tools.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./manage-with-yum.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./search-with-yum.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./update-with-yum.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./configuring-repositories.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./isolated-install.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./customizing-yum.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./pup.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./pirut.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./yum-caching.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="./yum-proxy.xml"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
- <xi:include href="Revision_History.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+ <section id="sn-introduction">
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <section id="sn-purpose">
+ <title>Purpose</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document presents basic concepts of software management on
+ Fedora systems. It outlines the major functions of
+ <command>yum</command>, the recommended software management tool
+ for Fedora.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-audience">
+ <title>Audience</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document is intended for Fedora users of all levels of
+ experience.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-usingdoc">
+ <title>Using This Document</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document is a reference for using <command>yum</command>.
+ You may wish to read some or all of the sections, depending upon
+ your needs and level of experience. If you are a new user, read
+ the <xref
+ linkend="sn-software-management-concepts"/>
+ before using <command>yum</command> for the first time.
+ Experienced Linux users should start with
+ <xref linkend="sn-managing-packages"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Previous Versions of Fedora Core</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document describes the configuration of
+ <command>yum</command> on Fedora Core 4 systems. You must
+ perform the additional step noted in
+ <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources" /> to enable
+ <command>yum</command> on Fedora Core 3.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Most of the examples in this document use the package
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>, which is included with Fedora Core. The
+ <filename>tsclient</filename> package provides an application
+ for remote desktop access. If you install it successfully you
+ may start the application by choosing
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal
+ Server Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. To use the examples,
+ substitute the name of the relevant package for
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>. The example commands for Fedora
+ package groups use the <filename>MySQL Database</filename>
+ group.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Avoid Logging in with the Root Account</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You do not need to log in with the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account in
+ order to manage your Fedora system. All of the commands shown
+ in this tutorial that require
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> access will
+ prompt you for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password. The
+ example terminal commands use <command>su
+ <option>-c</option></command> to provide this facility.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-additional-resources">
+ <title>Additional Resources</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>documentation</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>man pages</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility has features and options not
+ discussed in this document. Read the <command>man</command>
+ pages for <command>yum(8)</command> and
+ <filename>yum.conf(5)</filename> to learn more, using the
+ following commands:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>man yum
+man yum.conf</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>web sites</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>mailing lists</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Other useful <command>yum</command> resources on the Internet
+ include:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Project web site
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Users mailing list
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/yum/"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Development mailing list
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum-devel/"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <note>
+ <title>Check Bugzilla First</title>
+ <para>
+ If you encounter a persistent error with a specific operation,
+ visit <ulink url="http://bugzilla.redhat.com"/> and review the bug reports for the package or
+ packages involved. An error in a package may cause all
+ <command>yum</command> operations that rely on that package to
+ fail. Please file bug reports for Fedora packages, including
+ <command>yum</command>, on this Bugzilla web site.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-concepts">
+ <title>Software Management Concepts</title>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-packages">
+ <title>About Packages</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Fedora software and documentation is supplied in the form of
+ files called RPM <firstterm>packages</firstterm>. Each package
+ is a compressed archive containing product information, program
+ files, icons, documentation and management scripts. Management
+ applications use these files to safely locate, install, update
+ and remove software. For example, the Fedora installation process
+ uses the packages supplied with Fedora Core to build or upgrade a
+ system to your requirements.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Packages also include a digital signature to prove their source.
+ Software management utilities verify this digital signature by
+ using a GPG <firstterm>public key</firstterm>. The
+ <command>yum</command> and <command>rpm</command> utilities
+ share a common <firstterm>keyring</firstterm> that stores all of
+ the public keys for approved package sources. The system
+ administrator configures these approved package sources.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>All Fedora Packages are Open Source Software</title>
+
+ <para>
+ All of the software provided by the Fedora Project is open source
+ software. You may download and install Fedora packages on as
+ many systems as desired.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-repositories">
+ <title>About Repositories</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ A <firstterm>repository</firstterm> is a prepared directory or
+ web site that contains software packages and index files.
+ Software management utilities such as <command>yum</command>
+ automatically locate and obtain the correct RPM packages from
+ these repositories. This method frees you from having to
+ manually find and install new applications or updates. You may
+ use a single command to update all system software, or search
+ for new software by specifying criteria.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A network of servers provide several repositories for each
+ version of Fedora Core. The package management utilities in Fedora Core are
+ already configured to use three of these repositories:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Base
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The packages that make up a Fedora Core release, as it is on disc
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Updates
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Updated versions of packages that are provided in Base
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Extras
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Packages for a large selection of additional software
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Previous Versions of Fedora Core</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Fedora Core 4 automatically supports the three
+ repositories listed above. You must manually configure Fedora Core 3
+ systems to use Fedora Extras, as noted in
+ <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <warning>
+ <title>Fedora Development Repositories</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Fedora Core also includes settings for several alternative
+ repositories. These provide packages for various types of test
+ system, and replace one or more of the standard repositories.
+ Only enable support for one of the following repositories if
+ you test or develop Fedora software:
+ <filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide),
+ <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, and
+ <filename>updates-testing</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <para>
+ Third-party software developers also provide repositories for
+ their Fedora compatible packages. To learn how to configure your
+ Fedora system to use third-party repositories, read
+ <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/>.
+ </para>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>package groups</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ You may also use the <firstterm>package groups</firstterm>
+ provided by the Fedora repositories to manage related packages as
+ sets. Some third-party repositories add packages to these
+ groups, or provide their packages as additional groups.
+ </para>
+<!-- SE: Some repositories use groups and some don't: I've tried to put this nicely. -->
+<!-- SE: Using the admonition for this is not optimal, it just doesn't fit anywhere else. -->
+ <note>
+ <title>Available Package Groups</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To view a list of all of the available package groups for your
+ Fedora system, run the command <command>su -c 'yum
+ grouplist'</command>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Use repositories to ensure that you always receive current
+ versions of software. If several versions of the same package
+ are available, your management utility automatically selects the
+ latest version.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <title>Installing Software not from a Repository</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Install software using manual methods only when you are
+ confident there is no repository which can currently provide
+ it. You may have to manage that software with manual methods,
+ instead of with Fedora software management utilities.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> commands shown in this document use
+ repositories as package sources. Refer to
+ <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/> for details of
+ using <command>yum</command> to install software from a
+ package file.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-dependencies">
+ <title>About Dependencies</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>dependencies</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Some of the files installed on a Fedora distribution are
+ <firstterm>libraries</firstterm> which may provide functions to
+ multiple applications. When an application requires a specific
+ library, the package which contains that library is a
+ <firstterm>dependency</firstterm>. To properly install a
+ package, Fedora must first satisfy its dependencies. The
+ dependency information for a RPM package is stored within the
+ RPM file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility uses package dependency data
+ to ensure that all of requirements for an application are met
+ during installation. It automatically installs the packages for
+ any dependencies not already present on your system. If a new
+ application has requirements that conflict with existing
+ software, <command>yum</command> aborts without making any
+ changes to your system.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-package-names">
+ <title>Understanding Package Names</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>hardware compatibility</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>naming</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Each package file has a long name that indicates several key
+ pieces of information. For example, this is the full name of a
+ <filename>tsclient</filename> package:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<filename>tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</filename>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Management utilities commonly refer to packages with one of
+ three formats:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Package name: <filename>tsclient</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Package name with version and release numbers:
+ <filename>tsclient-0.132-6</filename>
+ </para>
+<!-- In what instances is the release number not needed? For many -->
+<!-- package updates, only the release number might change. Although it -->
+<!-- might be superfluous, it's never *bad* to include it, right? [PWF] -->
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Package name with hardware architecture:
+ <filename>tsclient.i386</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ For clarity, <command>yum</command> lists packages in the format
+ <filename>name.architecture</filename>. Repositories also
+ commonly store packages in separate directories by architecture.
+ In each case, the hardware architecture specified for the
+ package is the <emphasis>minimum</emphasis> type of machine
+ required to use the package.
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ i386
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Suitable for any current Intel-compatible computer
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ noarch
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Compatible with all computer architectures
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ ppc
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Suitable for PowerPC systems, such as Apple Power
+ Macintosh
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ x86_64
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Suitable for 64-bit Intel-compatible processors, such as
+ Opterons
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>
+ Some software may be optimized for particular types of
+ Intel-compatible machine. Separate packages may be provided for
+ <option>i386</option>, <option>i586</option>,
+ <option>i686</option> and <option>x86_64</option> computers. A
+ machine with at least an Intel Pentium, VIA C3 or compatible CPU
+ may use <option>i586</option> packages. Computers with an Intel
+ Pentium Pro and above, or a current model of AMD chip, may use
+ <option>i686</option> packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the short name of the package for <command>yum</command>
+ commands. This causes <command>yum</command> to automatically
+ select the most recent package in the repositories that matches
+ the hardware architecture of your computer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Specify a package with other name formats to override the
+ default behavior and force <command>yum</command> to use the
+ package that matches that version or architecture. Only override
+ <command>yum</command> when you know that the default package
+ selection has a bug or other fault that makes it unsuitable for
+ installation.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Package Names</title>
+ <para>
+ You may use any of the following formats to specify a package
+ in a <command>yum</command> operation:
+ <replaceable>name</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name.architecture</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name-version</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name-version-release</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>,
+ and
+ <replaceable>epoch:name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-tools">
+ <title>Software Management Tools in Fedora Core</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Add/Remove Applications utility</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>Alert Icon</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>up2date</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility is a complete software
+ management system. Fedora Core also includes several other applications
+ that can supplement <command>yum</command>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ On your desktop is an <application>Alert Icon</application> that
+ keeps you informed about package updates. Until your system is
+ updated the icon appears as a red circle with a flashing
+ exclamation mark. The Alert Icon is part of the
+ <application>up2date</application> application, which enables you
+ to easily install system updates.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Fedora Core also includes
+ <application>system-config-packages</application>. To run this
+ application from the graphical interface, select <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Desktop</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System
+ Settings</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Add/Remove
+ Applications</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. Unlike
+ <application>up2date</application> and <command>yum</command>,
+ <application>system-config-packages</application> installs
+ software packages from your Fedora Core installation discs only, and does
+ not use repositories. This application is used on systems that do
+ not have a network connection.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>rpm</command> command-line utility has many functions
+ for working with individual RPM packages. You may use it to
+ manually install and remove packages from your system. If you
+ install software with the <command>rpm</command> utility, you must
+ manually check and install any dependencies. For this reason,
+ <command>yum</command> is the recommended method for installing
+ software.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <title>Current Package Versions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <application>up2date</application> and
+ <command>yum</command> utilities ensure that you have the most
+ recent version of software packages. Other methods do not
+ guarantee that the packages are current.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-managing-packages">
+ <title>Managing Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>software management</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use the <command>yum</command> utility to modify the software on
+ your system in four ways:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To install new software from package repositories
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To install new software from an individual package file
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To update existing software on your system
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To remove unwanted software from your system
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+<!-- SE: This duplicates text from the admonition in sn-about-repositories. It's here as well because the Fedora site has a link straight to this section -->
+ <important>
+ <title>Installing Software from a Package File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> commands shown in this section use
+ repositories as package sources. Refer to
+ <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/> for details of
+ using <command>yum</command> to install software from an
+ individual package file.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ To use <command>yum</command>, specify a function and one or more
+ packages or package groups. Each section below gives some
+ examples.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For each operation, <command>yum</command> downloads the latest
+ package information from the configured repositories. If your
+ system uses a slow network connection <command>yum</command> may
+ require several seconds to download the repository indexes and the
+ header files for each package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility searches these data files to
+ determine the best set of actions to produce the required result,
+ and displays the transaction for you to approve. The transaction
+ may include the installation, update, or removal of additional
+ packages, in order to resolve software dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="yum-transaction-format">
+ <title>Format of <command>yum</command> Transaction Reports</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This is an example of the transaction for installing
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>:
+ </para>
+<screen><computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> Package Arch Version Repository Size</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Installing:</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> tsclient i386 0.132-6 base 247 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Installing for dependencies:</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> rdesktop i386 1.4.0-2 base 107 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> </computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Transaction Summary</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Install 2 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Update 0 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Remove 0 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Total download size: 355 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput> </screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Review the list of changes, and then press <keycap>y</keycap> to
+ accept and begin the process. If you press <keycap>N</keycap> or
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap>, <command>yum</command> does not download
+ or change any packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Package Versions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility only displays and uses the
+ newest version of each package, unless you specify an older
+ version.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility also imports the repository
+ public key if it is not already installed on the
+ <command>rpm</command> keyring.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="yum-publickey-import">
+ <title>Format of <command>yum</command> Public Key Import</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This is an example of the public key import:
+ </para>
+<screen><computeroutput>warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 "Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput> </screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Check the public key, and then press <keycap>y</keycap> to import
+ the key and authorize the key for use. If you press
+ <keycap>N</keycap> or <keycap>Enter</keycap>,
+ <command>yum</command> stops without installing any packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To ensure that downloaded packages are genuine,
+ <command>yum</command> verifies the digital signature of each
+ package against the public key of the provider. Once all of the
+ packages required for the transaction are successfully downloaded
+ and verified, <command>yum</command> applies them to your system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Every completed transaction records the affected packages in the
+ log file <filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename>. You may only read
+ this file with <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
+ access.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Downloads are Cached</title>
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility keeps downloaded data files
+ and packages for reuse. You may copy packages from the
+ repository cache directories under
+ <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>, and use them elsewhere if
+ you wish. If you remove a package from the cache, you do not
+ affect the copy of the software installed on your system.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-withrepositories">
+ <title>Installing New Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>installing software</primary>
+ <see>software, installing</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>installing</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To install the package <filename>tsclient</filename>, enter the
+ command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum install <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To install the package group <filename>MySQL
+ Database</filename>, enter the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum groupinstall "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>New Services Require Activation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you install a service, Fedora does not activate or start
+ it. To configure a new service to run on bootup, choose
+ <menuchoice> <guimenu>Desktop</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System
+ Settings</guisubmenu> <guisubmenu>Server Settings</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>, or use the
+ <command>chkconfig</command> and <command>service</command>
+ command-line utilities.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-updating-withrepositories">
+ <title>Updating Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>updating</primary>
+ <secondary>software packages</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>updating</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To update the <filename>tsclient</filename> package to the
+ latest version, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum update <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>New Software Versions Require Reloading</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If a piece of software is in use when you update it, the old
+ version remains active until the application or service is
+ restarted. Kernel updates take effect when you reboot the
+ system.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ To update all of the packages in the package group
+ <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, enter the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum groupupdate "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Updating the Entire System</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To update all of the packages on your Fedora system, use the
+ commands described in
+ <xref
+ linkend="sn-updating-your-system"/>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-removing-software">
+ <title>Removing Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>removing software</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>removing</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove software, <command>yum</command> examines your system
+ for both the specified software, and any software which claims
+ it as a dependency. The transaction to remove the software
+ deletes both the software and the dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To remove the <filename>tsclient</filename> package from your
+ system, use the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum remove <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To remove all of the packages in the package group
+ <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, enter the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum groupremove "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Data and Configuration File Retention</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The removal process leaves user data in place but may remove
+ configuration files in some cases. If a package removal does
+ not include the configuration file, and you reinstall the
+ package later, it may reuse the old configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages">
+ <title>Searching for Packages with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>locating</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>searching</primary>
+ <secondary>for packages</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use the search features of <command>yum</command> to find software
+ that is available from the configured repositories, or already
+ installed on your system. Searches automatically include both
+ installed and available packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The format of the results depends upon the option. If the query
+ produces no information, there are no packages matching the
+ criteria.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages-byname">
+ <title>Searching by Package Name and Attributes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To search for a specific package by name, use the
+ <option>list</option> function. To search for the package
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>, use the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To make your queries more precise, specify packages with a name
+ that include other attributes, such as version or hardware
+ architecture. To search for version 0.132 of the application,
+ use the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient-0.132</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <note>
+ <title>Valid Package Attributes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Refer to <xref linkend="sn-package-names" /> for information
+ on package name formats and the attributes that they include.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages-advanced">
+ <title>Advanced Searches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not know the name of the package, use the
+ <option>search</option> or <option>provides</option> options.
+ Alternatively, use wild cards or regular expressions with any
+ <command>yum</command> search option to broaden the search
+ critieria.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <option>search</option> option checks the names,
+ descriptions, summaries and listed package maintainers of all of
+ the available packages to find those that match. For example, to
+ search for all packages that relate to PalmPilots, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum search <replaceable>PalmPilot</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <option>provides</option> function checks both the files
+ included in the packages and the functions that the software
+ provides. This option requires <command>yum</command> to
+ download and read much larger index files than with the
+ <option>search</option> option.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To search for all packages that include files called
+ <filename>libneon</filename>, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>libneon</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ To search for all packages that either provide a MTA (Mail
+ Transport Agent) service, or include files with
+ <filename>mta</filename> in their name:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>MTA</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ For each command, at the prompt enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the standard wildcard characters to run any search option
+ with a partial word or name: <option>?</option> to represent any
+ one character, and <option>*</option> to mean zero or more
+ characters. Always add the escape character (<option>\</option>)
+ before wildcards.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To <option>list</option> all packages with names that begin with
+ <filename>tsc</filename>, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsc\*</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <note>
+ <title>Regular Expressions</title>
+ <para>
+ Use Perl or Python regular expressions to carry out more
+ complex queries.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-package-matches">
+ <title>Understanding Matches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Searches with <command>yum</command> show all of the packages
+ that match your criteria. Packages must meet the terms of the
+ search exactly to be considered matches, unless you use
+ wildcards or a regular expression.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, a search query for <filename>shadowutils</filename>
+ or <filename>shadow-util</filename> would not produce the
+ package <filename>shadow-utils</filename>. This package would
+ match and be shown if the query was
+ <filename>shadow-util\?</filename>, or
+ <filename>shadow\*</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-updating-your-system">
+ <title>Updating Your System with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>updating</primary>
+ <secondary>full system</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>updating full system</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use the <option>update</option> option to upgrade all of your
+ Fedora system software to the latest version with one operation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To perform a full system update, type this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem> password.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-automatic-updating">
+ <title>Automatically Updating Your System</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>automatic updating</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <filename>yum</filename> package supplied with Fedora Core includes
+ scripts to perform full system updates every day. To activate
+ automatic daily updates, enter this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>How Daily Updates are Run</title>
+
+ <para>
+ There is no separate <command>yum</command> service that runs
+ on your system. The command given above enables the control
+ script <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>. This control
+ script activates the script
+ <filename>/etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>, which causes
+ the <command>cron</command> service to perform the system
+ update automatically at 4am each day.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-using-repositories">
+ <title>Using Other Software Repositories</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Fedora Extras</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>finding</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>searching</primary>
+ <secondary>for repositories</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Fedora systems automatically use the Fedora Project repositories. These
+ include Fedora Extras, the default source of packages for software that is
+ not included with Fedora Core.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Fedora Extras Repositories for Previous Versions of Fedora Core</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You must manually configure Fedora Core 3 systems to use Fedora Extras, using
+ the instructions at
+ <ulink
+ url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/"/>. For
+ additional packages for Fedora Core 1 and Fedora Core 2, refer to
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.fedora.us/"/>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If the Fedora Project does not supply packages for a product, the
+ manufacturer may provide or recommend a separate repository.
+ Members of the community also maintain repositories to provide
+ packages for Fedora systems. For example,
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.jpackage.org/"/> distributes popular Java
+ software as packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-adding-repositories">
+ <title>Adding a Repository as a Package Source</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>adding to yum</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To add an extra repository, place a definition file in the
+ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> directory on your system.
+ Package providers make the definition files for their
+ repositories available on their web sites.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Definition File Extension</title>
+ <para>
+ The names of repository definition files end with
+ <filename>.repo</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ You must have <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
+ access to add a file to the definitions directory. To copy the
+ definition file <filename>example.repo</filename>, type this
+ command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The configuration file for each repository should include a
+ <command>gpgkey</command> setting. This setting specifies the
+ location of a public key that verifies the packages provided by
+ that repository. This public key is automatically imported the
+ first time that you install software from the repository. If the
+ configuration file provided does not include this setting, refer
+ to <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Repositories and <application>up2date</application> Channels</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Starting with Fedora Core 4, <command>yum</command> repositories are
+ automatically used as <application>up2date</application>
+ channels. On Fedora Core 3 and earlier systems, you must manually
+ configure <application>up2date</application> to use these
+ channels. To do so, edit the
+ <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-authorizing-package-sources">
+ <title>Manually Authorizing Package Sources</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>public keys</primary>
+ <secondary>adding</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To manually add a public key to your <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring, use the <option>import</option> feature of the
+ <command>rpm</command> utility. To import the file
+ <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>, type the following
+ command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You may also import public keys directly from a web site. For
+ example, to import the file <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>
+ on the web site <wordasword>www.therepository.com</wordasword>
+ use this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem> password.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Importing the Fedora Key on Fedora Core 3</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To add the Fedora public key to the <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring on Fedora Core 3 systems, run the command <command>su -c
+ 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-compat-repositories">
+ <title>Understanding Repository Compatibility</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>software compatibility</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>compatibility</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The Fedora Extras repository provides packages which are built to the
+ same standards as Fedora Core packages. Third-party packages should be
+ compatible with these Fedora Project packages, unless the provider
+ specifically states otherwise.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Always read the web site of the repository for information on
+ package compatibility before you add it as a package source.
+ Separate repository providers may offer different and
+ incompatible versions of the same software. Third-party
+ repositories may also provide alternative packages for software
+ that is included in Fedora repositories.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternative packages may contain versions of the software that
+ function differently from the version in the Fedora Project packages.
+ Determine the benefits and potential incompatibilities before
+ replacing Fedora Project packages with alternative versions.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <title>Incompatible Repositories</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you configure your system to use incompatible repositories
+ <command>yum</command> operations may fail.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <para>
+ Packages built for one version of Fedora are usually not
+ compatible with other versions of Fedora. The web site of the
+ provider should specifically state which versions of Fedora they
+ support.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Old Versions of <command>yum</command> and Current Repositories</title>
+ <para>
+ The data format for repository indexes changed with version
+ 2.1 of <command>yum</command>. This was the version supplied
+ with Fedora Core 3. Repository providers should specify the versions
+ of Fedora Core that they support. To confirm that an unlabeled
+ repository is compatible with current versions of
+ <command>yum</command>, check that it has a sub-directory
+ called <filename>repodata/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-frompackage">
+ <title>Installing Software from an Isolated Package</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>installing software</primary>
+ <secondary>from a package</secondary>
+ <see>software, installing from a package</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>installing from a package</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use repositories and the standard <command>yum</command> commands
+ to locate and install new software, unless the software package is
+ not available from any repository. In these cases, use the
+ <option>localinstall</option> function to install the software
+ from the package file.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Public Key is Required</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Ensure that the public key for the package source has been
+ imported before you install a package without a repository.
+ Refer to <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ Enter this command to install the package
+ <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</filename>:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum localinstall <replaceable>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem> password.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Previously Installed Software is Updated</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If the package provides a later version of software that is
+ already installed on your system, <command>yum</command> updates
+ the installed software.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If the package requires software that is not installed on your
+ system, <command>yum</command> attempts to meet the dependencies
+ with packages from the configured repositories. You may need to
+ manually download and install additional packages in order to
+ satisfy all of the dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <warning>
+ <title>Maintaining Manually Installed Software</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you install software that is not provided by a repository,
+ <command>yum update</command> cannot automatically upgrade it as
+ new versions become available. To ensure that you have the
+ latest packages, subscribe to e-mail or RSS services that notify
+ you when new versions are released.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-maintenance">
+ <title>Maintaining <command>yum</command></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> system does not require any routine
+ maintenance. To ensure that <command>yum</command> operations are
+ carried out at optimal speed, disable or remove repository
+ definitions which you no longer require. You may also clear the
+ files from the <command>yum</command> caches in order to recover
+ disk space.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-sources">
+ <title>Disabling or Removing Package Sources</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>disabling in yum</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>removing from yum</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Set <command>enable=0</command> in a definition file to prevent
+ <command>yum</command> from using that repository. The
+ <command>yum</command> utility ignores any definition file with
+ this setting.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To completely remove access to a repository:
+ </para>
+ <procedure>
+ <step>
+ <para>
+ Delete the relevant file from
+ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </step>
+ <step>
+ <para>
+ Delete the cache directory from
+ <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </step>
+ </procedure>
+<!-- What with the "web of trust," removing GPG keys is not really -->
+<!-- something we should encourage. Having an extra GPG key in the RPM -->
+<!-- database is not a vulnerability, nor does it hamper the system in -->
+<!-- any way. These are probably a couple of reasons Seth didn't build -->
+<!-- this function into yum as part of "clean all," for example. Since -->
+<!-- we just had several admonitions against people running the rpm -->
+<!-- command on its own anyway, I would just omit this part -->
+<!-- completely. [PWF] -->
+<!--
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Remove Unneeded Public Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you will not be using any further packages from a provider,
+ remove their public key from the <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring using the procedure described in
+ <xref linkend="sn-removing-publickeys" />.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-publickeys">
+ <title>Removing Public Keys</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>public keys, removing</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove a public key from the keyring you first must determine
+ the full name of the key, as it registered in
+ <command>rpm</command>. Run this command to view the details of
+ the public keys on the <command>rpm</command> keyring:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-*</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Locate the heading for the relevant public key. The public key
+ headings follow this format:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="publickey-header-format">
+ <title>Format of <command>rpm</command> Public Key Headers</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput>Name : gpg-pubkey Relocations: (not relocatable)
+Version : 4f2a6fd2 Vendor: (none)
+Release : 3f9d9d3b Build Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST
+Install Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST Build Host: localhost
+Group : Public Keys Source RPM: (none)
+Size : 0 License: pubkey
+Signature : (none)
+Summary : gpg(Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>)
+Description :</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Add the <option>Version</option> and <option>Release</option>
+ attributes to <option>gpg-pubkey-</option> to make the complete
+ name of the key, in the form
+ <option>gpg-pubkey-Version_number-Release_number</option>. The
+ <command>rpm</command> identification for the Fedora Project public key
+ shown above is: <option>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you know the identification name of the key, use the
+ command <command>rpm <option>-e</option></command> to remove it.
+ To remove the Fedora Project public key shown above the exact command
+ would be:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm -e <replaceable>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+-->
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-clearance">
+ <title>Clearing the <command>yum</command> Caches</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>cleaning caches</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ By default, <command>yum</command> retains the packages and
+ package data files that it downloads, so that they may be reused
+ in future operations without being downloaded again. To purge
+ the package data files, use this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum clean headers'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Run this command to remove all of the packages held in the
+ caches:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum clean packages'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ When using these commands, at the prompt, enter the password for
+ the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Purging cached files causes those files to downloaded again the
+ next time that they are required. This increases the amount of
+ time required to complete the operation.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server">
+ <title>Using <command>yum</command> with a Proxy Server</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>proxy server</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>using with a proxy server</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ By default, <command>yum</command> accesses network repositories
+ with HTTP. All <command>yum</command> HTTP operations use
+ HTTP/1.1, and are compatible with web proxy servers that support
+ this standard. You may also access FTP repositories, and configure
+ <command>yum</command> to use an FTP proxy server. The
+ <filename>squid</filename> package provides a proxy service for
+ both HTTP/1.1 and FTP connections.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Modifying <command>yum</command> for Network Compatibility</title>
+ <para>
+ Refer to the <command>man</command> page for
+ <filename>yum.conf</filename> for information on HTTP settings
+ that may be modified for compatibility with nonstandard web
+ proxy servers. Alternatively, configure <command>yum</command>
+ to use an FTP proxy server, and access repositories that support
+ FTP. The Fedora repositories support both HTTP and FTP.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-global">
+ <title>Configuring Proxy Server Access</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable all <command>yum</command> operations to use a proxy
+ server, specify the proxy server details in
+ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>. The <option>proxy</option>
+ setting must specify the proxy server as a complete URL,
+ including the TCP port number. If your proxy server requires a
+ username and password, specify these by adding
+ <option>proxy_username</option> and
+ <option>proxy_password</option> settings.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The settings below enable <command>yum</command> to use the
+ proxy server
+ <systemitem
+ class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>,
+ connecting to port 3128, with the username
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">yum-user</systemitem> and the
+ password <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="config-file-httpproxy">
+ <title>Configuration File Settings for Using A Proxy Server</title>
+<screen><computeroutput># The proxy server - proxy server:port number</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput># The account details for yum connections</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy_username=yum-user</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy_password=qwerty</computeroutput></screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Global Settings</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you define a proxy server in
+ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>, <emphasis>all</emphasis>
+ users connect to the proxy server with those details when
+ using <command>yum</command>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser">
+ <title>Configuring Proxy Server Access for a Single User</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable proxy access for a specific user, add the lines in the
+ example box below to the user's shell profile. For the default
+ <command>bash</command> shell, the profile is the file
+ <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>. The settings below enable
+ <command>yum</command> to use the proxy server
+ <systemitem
+ class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>,
+ connecting to port 3128.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="profile-script-httpproxy">
+ <title>Profile Settings for Using a Proxy Server</title>
+<screen><computeroutput># The Web proxy server used by this account</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>http_proxy="http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>export http_proxy</computeroutput> </screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ If the proxy server requires a username and password, add these
+ to the URL. To include the username
+ <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem> and the
+ password <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>, add these settings:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="profile-script-httpproxy-withpassword">
+ <title>Profile Settings for a Secured Proxy Server</title>
+<screen><computeroutput># The Web proxy server, with the username and password for this account</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>http_proxy="http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>export http_proxy</computeroutput> </screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>The <option>http_proxy</option> Environment Variable</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>http_proxy</command> environment variable is also
+ used by <command>curl</command> and other utilities. Although
+ <command>yum</command> itself may use
+ <command>http_proxy</command> in either upper-case or
+ lower-case, <command>curl</command> requires the name of the
+ variable to be in lower-case.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+<!-- SE: This is at the end of the document, since it looks out of place in section 1 -->
+
+ <section id="sn-acknowledgements">
+ <title>Acknowledgements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Paul Frields edited this document. Timothy Murphy reviewed the
+ beta release.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
<index />
</article>
diff --git a/en_US/yum-software-management-en.xml b/en_US/yum-software-management-en.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fec000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/en_US/yum-software-management-en.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1836 @@
+<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
+
+<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN SYSTEM "../docs-common/common/fedora-entities-en.ent">
+%FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN;
+
+<!ENTITY DOCNAME "yum-software-management">
+<!ENTITY DOCVERSION "1.0.5">
+<!ENTITY DOCDATE "2005-11-28">
+<!ENTITY DOCID "&DOCNAME;-&DOCVERSION; (&DOCDATE;)">
+<!-- this will soon vanish -->
+<!ENTITY BOOKID "&DOCNAME;-&DOCVERSION; (&DOCDATE;)">
+
+<!ENTITY FCLOCALVER "4">
+
+]>
+
+<article id="yum-software-management" lang="en">
+ <articleinfo>
+ <title>Managing Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2005</year>
+ <holder>Stuart Ellis</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <surname>Ellis</surname>
+ <firstname>Stuart</firstname>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ &LEGALNOTICE;
+ <revhistory>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>0.4</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-06-01</date>
+ <authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Initial import into CVS.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>0.5</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-07-19</date>
+ <authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Updated for &FC; &FCLOCALVER;.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>0.6</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-07-25</date>
+ <authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Edited for style and usage; BETA publication.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-08-13</date>
+ <authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Publish to official project page.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.1</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-08-18</date>
+ <authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Added information on installing without repository and
+ manually adding keys.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.2</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-08-26</date>
+ <authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Fix localinstall information.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.3</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-10-13</date>
+ <authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Fix wording (#170584).
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.4</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-11-15</date>
+ <authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Updated section on proxy servers. Fixed #166122.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ <revision>
+ <revnumber>1.0.5</revnumber>
+ <date>2005-11-28</date>
+ <authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials>
+ <revdescription>
+ <para>
+ Fixed some uses of "&FED;" to read "&FC;" where appropriate.
+ </para>
+ </revdescription>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+ </articleinfo>
+
+ <section id="sn-introduction">
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <section id="sn-purpose">
+ <title>Purpose</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document presents basic concepts of software management on
+ &FED; systems. It outlines the major functions of
+ <command>yum</command>, the recommended software management tool
+ for &FED;.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-audience">
+ <title>Audience</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document is intended for &FED; users of all levels of
+ experience.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-usingdoc">
+ <title>Using This Document</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document is a reference for using <command>yum</command>.
+ You may wish to read some or all of the sections, depending upon
+ your needs and level of experience. If you are a new user, read
+ the <xref
+ linkend="sn-software-management-concepts"/>
+ before using <command>yum</command> for the first time.
+ Experienced Linux users should start with
+ <xref linkend="sn-managing-packages"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Previous Versions of &FC;</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This document describes the configuration of
+ <command>yum</command> on &FC; &FCLOCALVER; systems. You must
+ perform the additional step noted in
+ <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources" /> to enable
+ <command>yum</command> on &FC; 3.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Most of the examples in this document use the package
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>, which is included with &FC;. The
+ <filename>tsclient</filename> package provides an application
+ for remote desktop access. If you install it successfully you
+ may start the application by choosing
+ <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal
+ Server Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. To use the examples,
+ substitute the name of the relevant package for
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>. The example commands for &FED;
+ package groups use the <filename>MySQL Database</filename>
+ group.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Avoid Logging in with the Root Account</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You do not need to log in with the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account in
+ order to manage your &FED; system. All of the commands shown
+ in this tutorial that require
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> access will
+ prompt you for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> password. The
+ example terminal commands use <command>su
+ <option>-c</option></command> to provide this facility.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-additional-resources">
+ <title>Additional Resources</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>documentation</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>man pages</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility has features and options not
+ discussed in this document. Read the <command>man</command>
+ pages for <command>yum(8)</command> and
+ <filename>yum.conf(5)</filename> to learn more, using the
+ following commands:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>man yum
+man yum.conf</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>web sites</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>mailing lists</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Other useful <command>yum</command> resources on the Internet
+ include:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Project web site
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Users mailing list
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/yum/"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Development mailing list
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum-devel/"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Check &BZ; First</title>
+ <para>
+ If you encounter a persistent error with a specific operation,
+ visit &BZ-URL; and review the bug reports for the package or
+ packages involved. An error in a package may cause all
+ <command>yum</command> operations that rely on that package to
+ fail. Please file bug reports for &FED; packages, including
+ <command>yum</command>, on this &BZ; web site.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-concepts">
+ <title>Software Management Concepts</title>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-packages">
+ <title>About Packages</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ &FED; software and documentation is supplied in the form of
+ files called RPM <firstterm>packages</firstterm>. Each package
+ is a compressed archive containing product information, program
+ files, icons, documentation and management scripts. Management
+ applications use these files to safely locate, install, update
+ and remove software. For example, the &FED; installation process
+ uses the packages supplied with &FC; to build or upgrade a
+ system to your requirements.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Packages also include a digital signature to prove their source.
+ Software management utilities verify this digital signature by
+ using a GPG <firstterm>public key</firstterm>. The
+ <command>yum</command> and <command>rpm</command> utilities
+ share a common <firstterm>keyring</firstterm> that stores all of
+ the public keys for approved package sources. The system
+ administrator configures these approved package sources.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>All &FED; Packages are Open Source Software</title>
+
+ <para>
+ All of the software provided by the &FP; is open source
+ software. You may download and install &FED; packages on as
+ many systems as desired.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-repositories">
+ <title>About Repositories</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ A <firstterm>repository</firstterm> is a prepared directory or
+ web site that contains software packages and index files.
+ Software management utilities such as <command>yum</command>
+ automatically locate and obtain the correct RPM packages from
+ these repositories. This method frees you from having to
+ manually find and install new applications or updates. You may
+ use a single command to update all system software, or search
+ for new software by specifying criteria.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ A network of servers provide several repositories for each
+ version of &FC;. The package management utilities in &FC; are
+ already configured to use three of these repositories:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Base
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The packages that make up a &FC; release, as it is on disc
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ Updates
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Updated versions of packages that are provided in Base
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ &EX;
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Packages for a large selection of additional software
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Previous Versions of &FC;</title>
+
+ <para>
+ &FC; &FCLOCALVER; automatically supports the three
+ repositories listed above. You must manually configure &FC; 3
+ systems to use &FEX;, as noted in
+ <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <warning>
+ <title>&FED; Development Repositories</title>
+
+ <para>
+ &FC; also includes settings for several alternative
+ repositories. These provide packages for various types of test
+ system, and replace one or more of the standard repositories.
+ Only enable support for one of the following repositories if
+ you test or develop &FED; software:
+ <filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide),
+ <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, and
+ <filename>updates-testing</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+
+ <para>
+ Third-party software developers also provide repositories for
+ their &FED; compatible packages. To learn how to configure your
+ &FED; system to use third-party repositories, read
+ <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/>.
+ </para>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>package groups</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ You may also use the <firstterm>package groups</firstterm>
+ provided by the &FED; repositories to manage related packages as
+ sets. Some third-party repositories add packages to these
+ groups, or provide their packages as additional groups.
+ </para>
+<!-- SE: Some repositories use groups and some don't: I've tried to put this nicely. -->
+<!-- SE: Using the admonition for this is not optimal, it just doesn't fit anywhere else. -->
+ <note>
+ <title>Available Package Groups</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To view a list of all of the available package groups for your
+ &FED; system, run the command <command>su -c 'yum
+ grouplist'</command>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ Use repositories to ensure that you always receive current
+ versions of software. If several versions of the same package
+ are available, your management utility automatically selects the
+ latest version.
+ </para>
+
+ <caution>
+ <title>Installing Software not from a Repository</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Install software using manual methods only when you are
+ confident there is no repository which can currently provide
+ it. You may have to manage that software with manual methods,
+ instead of with &FED; software management utilities.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> commands shown in this document use
+ repositories as package sources. Refer to
+ <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/> for details of
+ using <command>yum</command> to install software from a
+ package file.
+ </para>
+ </caution>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-dependencies">
+ <title>About Dependencies</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>dependencies</primary>
+ <secondary>defined</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Some of the files installed on a &FED; distribution are
+ <firstterm>libraries</firstterm> which may provide functions to
+ multiple applications. When an application requires a specific
+ library, the package which contains that library is a
+ <firstterm>dependency</firstterm>. To properly install a
+ package, &FED; must first satisfy its dependencies. The
+ dependency information for a RPM package is stored within the
+ RPM file.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility uses package dependency data
+ to ensure that all of requirements for an application are met
+ during installation. It automatically installs the packages for
+ any dependencies not already present on your system. If a new
+ application has requirements that conflict with existing
+ software, <command>yum</command> aborts without making any
+ changes to your system.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-package-names">
+ <title>Understanding Package Names</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>hardware compatibility</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>naming</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Each package file has a long name that indicates several key
+ pieces of information. For example, this is the full name of a
+ <filename>tsclient</filename> package:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<filename>tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</filename>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Management utilities commonly refer to packages with one of
+ three formats:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Package name: <filename>tsclient</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Package name with version and release numbers:
+ <filename>tsclient-0.132-6</filename>
+ </para>
+<!-- In what instances is the release number not needed? For many -->
+<!-- package updates, only the release number might change. Although it -->
+<!-- might be superfluous, it's never *bad* to include it, right? [PWF] -->
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Package name with hardware architecture:
+ <filename>tsclient.i386</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ For clarity, <command>yum</command> lists packages in the format
+ <filename>name.architecture</filename>. Repositories also
+ commonly store packages in separate directories by architecture.
+ In each case, the hardware architecture specified for the
+ package is the <emphasis>minimum</emphasis> type of machine
+ required to use the package.
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ i386
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Suitable for any current Intel-compatible computer
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ noarch
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Compatible with all computer architectures
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ ppc
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Suitable for PowerPC systems, such as Apple Power
+ Macintosh
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>
+ x86_64
+ </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Suitable for 64-bit Intel-compatible processors, such as
+ Opterons
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>
+ Some software may be optimized for particular types of
+ Intel-compatible machine. Separate packages may be provided for
+ <option>i386</option>, <option>i586</option>,
+ <option>i686</option> and <option>x86_64</option> computers. A
+ machine with at least an Intel Pentium, VIA C3 or compatible CPU
+ may use <option>i586</option> packages. Computers with an Intel
+ Pentium Pro and above, or a current model of AMD chip, may use
+ <option>i686</option> packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the short name of the package for <command>yum</command>
+ commands. This causes <command>yum</command> to automatically
+ select the most recent package in the repositories that matches
+ the hardware architecture of your computer.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Specify a package with other name formats to override the
+ default behavior and force <command>yum</command> to use the
+ package that matches that version or architecture. Only override
+ <command>yum</command> when you know that the default package
+ selection has a bug or other fault that makes it unsuitable for
+ installation.
+ </para>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Package Names</title>
+ <para>
+ You may use any of the following formats to specify a package
+ in a <command>yum</command> operation:
+ <replaceable>name</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name.architecture</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name-version</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name-version-release</replaceable>,
+ <replaceable>name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>,
+ and
+ <replaceable>epoch:name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-tools">
+ <title>Software Management Tools in &FC;</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Add/Remove Applications utility</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>Alert Icon</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>up2date</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility is a complete software
+ management system. &FC; also includes several other applications
+ that can supplement <command>yum</command>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ On your desktop is an <application>Alert Icon</application> that
+ keeps you informed about package updates. Until your system is
+ updated the icon appears as a red circle with a flashing
+ exclamation mark. The Alert Icon is part of the
+ <application>up2date</application> application, which enables you
+ to easily install system updates.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ &FC; also includes
+ <application>system-config-packages</application>. To run this
+ application from the graphical interface, select <menuchoice>
+ <guimenu>Desktop</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System
+ Settings</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Add/Remove
+ Applications</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. Unlike
+ <application>up2date</application> and <command>yum</command>,
+ <application>system-config-packages</application> installs
+ software packages from your &FC; installation discs only, and does
+ not use repositories. This application is used on systems that do
+ not have a network connection.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>rpm</command> command-line utility has many functions
+ for working with individual RPM packages. You may use it to
+ manually install and remove packages from your system. If you
+ install software with the <command>rpm</command> utility, you must
+ manually check and install any dependencies. For this reason,
+ <command>yum</command> is the recommended method for installing
+ software.
+ </para>
+
+ <caution>
+ <title>Current Package Versions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <application>up2date</application> and
+ <command>yum</command> utilities ensure that you have the most
+ recent version of software packages. Other methods do not
+ guarantee that the packages are current.
+ </para>
+ </caution>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-managing-packages">
+ <title>Managing Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>software management</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use the <command>yum</command> utility to modify the software on
+ your system in four ways:
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To install new software from package repositories
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To install new software from an individual package file
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To update existing software on your system
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ To remove unwanted software from your system
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+<!-- SE: This duplicates text from the admonition in sn-about-repositories. It's here as well because the Fedora site has a link straight to this section -->
+ <important>
+ <title>Installing Software from a Package File</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> commands shown in this section use
+ repositories as package sources. Refer to
+ <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/> for details of
+ using <command>yum</command> to install software from an
+ individual package file.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ To use <command>yum</command>, specify a function and one or more
+ packages or package groups. Each section below gives some
+ examples.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For each operation, <command>yum</command> downloads the latest
+ package information from the configured repositories. If your
+ system uses a slow network connection <command>yum</command> may
+ require several seconds to download the repository indexes and the
+ header files for each package.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility searches these data files to
+ determine the best set of actions to produce the required result,
+ and displays the transaction for you to approve. The transaction
+ may include the installation, update, or removal of additional
+ packages, in order to resolve software dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="yum-transaction-format">
+ <title>Format of <command>yum</command> Transaction Reports</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This is an example of the transaction for installing
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================
+ Package Arch Version Repository Size
+=============================================================================
+Installing:
+ tsclient i386 0.132-6 base 247 k
+Installing for dependencies:
+ rdesktop i386 1.4.0-2 base 107 k
+
+Transaction Summary
+=============================================================================
+Install 2 Package(s)
+Update 0 Package(s)
+Remove 0 Package(s)
+Total download size: 355 k
+Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Review the list of changes, and then press <keycap>y</keycap> to
+ accept and begin the process. If you press <keycap>N</keycap> or
+ <keycap>Enter</keycap>, <command>yum</command> does not download
+ or change any packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Package Versions</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility only displays and uses the
+ newest version of each package, unless you specify an older
+ version.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility also imports the repository
+ public key if it is not already installed on the
+ <command>rpm</command> keyring.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="yum-publickey-import">
+ <title>Format of <command>yum</command> Public Key Import</title>
+
+ <para>
+ This is an example of the public key import:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput>warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2
+public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm
+Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
+Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 "Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>"
+Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Check the public key, and then press <keycap>y</keycap> to import
+ the key and authorize the key for use. If you press
+ <keycap>N</keycap> or <keycap>Enter</keycap>,
+ <command>yum</command> stops without installing any packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To ensure that downloaded packages are genuine,
+ <command>yum</command> verifies the digital signature of each
+ package against the public key of the provider. Once all of the
+ packages required for the transaction are successfully downloaded
+ and verified, <command>yum</command> applies them to your system.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Every completed transaction records the affected packages in the
+ log file <filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename>. You may only read
+ this file with <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
+ access.
+ </para>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Downloads are Cached</title>
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> utility keeps downloaded data files
+ and packages for reuse. You may copy packages from the
+ repository cache directories under
+ <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>, and use them elsewhere if
+ you wish. If you remove a package from the cache, you do not
+ affect the copy of the software installed on your system.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-withrepositories">
+ <title>Installing New Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>installing software</primary>
+ <see>software, installing</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>installing</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To install the package <filename>tsclient</filename>, enter the
+ command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum install <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To install the package group <filename>MySQL
+ Database</filename>, enter the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum groupinstall "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>New Services Require Activation</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When you install a service, &FED; does not activate or start
+ it. To configure a new service to run on bootup, choose
+ <menuchoice> <guimenu>Desktop</guimenu> <guisubmenu>System
+ Settings</guisubmenu> <guisubmenu>Server Settings</guisubmenu>
+ <guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>, or use the
+ <command>chkconfig</command> and <command>service</command>
+ command-line utilities.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-updating-withrepositories">
+ <title>Updating Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>updating</primary>
+ <secondary>software packages</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>updating</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To update the <filename>tsclient</filename> package to the
+ latest version, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum update <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>New Software Versions Require Reloading</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If a piece of software is in use when you update it, the old
+ version remains active until the application or service is
+ restarted. Kernel updates take effect when you reboot the
+ system.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ To update all of the packages in the package group
+ <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, enter the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum groupupdate "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Updating the Entire System</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To update all of the packages on your &FED; system, use the
+ commands described in
+ <xref
+ linkend="sn-updating-your-system"/>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-removing-software">
+ <title>Removing Software with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>removing software</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>removing</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove software, <command>yum</command> examines your system
+ for both the specified software, and any software which claims
+ it as a dependency. The transaction to remove the software
+ deletes both the software and the dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To remove the <filename>tsclient</filename> package from your
+ system, use the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum remove <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To remove all of the packages in the package group
+ <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, enter the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum groupremove "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Data and Configuration File Retention</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The removal process leaves user data in place but may remove
+ configuration files in some cases. If a package removal does
+ not include the configuration file, and you reinstall the
+ package later, it may reuse the old configuration file.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages">
+ <title>Searching for Packages with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>locating</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>searching</primary>
+ <secondary>for packages</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use the search features of <command>yum</command> to find software
+ that is available from the configured repositories, or already
+ installed on your system. Searches automatically include both
+ installed and available packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The format of the results depends upon the option. If the query
+ produces no information, there are no packages matching the
+ criteria.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages-byname">
+ <title>Searching by Package Name and Attributes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To search for a specific package by name, use the
+ <option>list</option> function. To search for the package
+ <filename>tsclient</filename>, use the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To make your queries more precise, specify packages with a name
+ that include other attributes, such as version or hardware
+ architecture. To search for version 0.132 of the application,
+ use the command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient-0.132</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <note>
+ <title>Valid Package Attributes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Refer to <xref linkend="sn-package-names" /> for information
+ on package name formats and the attributes that they include.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages-advanced">
+ <title>Advanced Searches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you do not know the name of the package, use the
+ <option>search</option> or <option>provides</option> options.
+ Alternatively, use wild cards or regular expressions with any
+ <command>yum</command> search option to broaden the search
+ critieria.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <option>search</option> option checks the names,
+ descriptions, summaries and listed package maintainers of all of
+ the available packages to find those that match. For example, to
+ search for all packages that relate to PalmPilots, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum search <replaceable>PalmPilot</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The <option>provides</option> function checks both the files
+ included in the packages and the functions that the software
+ provides. This option requires <command>yum</command> to
+ download and read much larger index files than with the
+ <option>search</option> option.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To search for all packages that include files called
+ <filename>libneon</filename>, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>libneon</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ To search for all packages that either provide a MTA (Mail
+ Transport Agent) service, or include files with
+ <filename>mta</filename> in their name:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>MTA</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ For each command, at the prompt enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Use the standard wildcard characters to run any search option
+ with a partial word or name: <option>?</option> to represent any
+ one character, and <option>*</option> to mean zero or more
+ characters. Always add the escape character (<option>\</option>)
+ before wildcards.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To <option>list</option> all packages with names that begin with
+ <filename>tsc</filename>, type:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsc\*</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Regular Expressions</title>
+ <para>
+ Use Perl or Python regular expressions to carry out more
+ complex queries.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-package-matches">
+ <title>Understanding Matches</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Searches with <command>yum</command> show all of the packages
+ that match your criteria. Packages must meet the terms of the
+ search exactly to be considered matches, unless you use
+ wildcards or a regular expression.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, a search query for <filename>shadowutils</filename>
+ or <filename>shadow-util</filename> would not produce the
+ package <filename>shadow-utils</filename>. This package would
+ match and be shown if the query was
+ <filename>shadow-util\?</filename>, or
+ <filename>shadow\*</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-updating-your-system">
+ <title>Updating Your System with <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>updating</primary>
+ <secondary>full system</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>updating full system</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use the <option>update</option> option to upgrade all of your
+ &FED; system software to the latest version with one operation.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To perform a full system update, type this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem> password.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-automatic-updating">
+ <title>Automatically Updating Your System</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>automatic updating</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <filename>yum</filename> package supplied with &FC; includes
+ scripts to perform full system updates every day. To activate
+ automatic daily updates, enter this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>How Daily Updates are Run</title>
+
+ <para>
+ There is no separate <command>yum</command> service that runs
+ on your system. The command given above enables the control
+ script <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>. This control
+ script activates the script
+ <filename>/etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>, which causes
+ the <command>cron</command> service to perform the system
+ update automatically at 4am each day.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-using-repositories">
+ <title>Using Other Software Repositories</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>&FEX;</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>finding</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>searching</primary>
+ <secondary>for repositories</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ &FED; systems automatically use the &FP; repositories. These
+ include &FEX;, the default source of packages for software that is
+ not included with &FC;.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>&FEX; Repositories for Previous Versions of &FC;</title>
+
+ <para>
+ You must manually configure &FC; 3 systems to use &FEX;, using
+ the instructions at
+ <ulink
+ url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/"/>. For
+ additional packages for &FC; 1 and &FC; 2, refer to
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.fedora.us/"/>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If the &FP; does not supply packages for a product, the
+ manufacturer may provide or recommend a separate repository.
+ Members of the community also maintain repositories to provide
+ packages for &FED; systems. For example,
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.jpackage.org/"/> distributes popular Java
+ software as packages.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-adding-repositories">
+ <title>Adding a Repository as a Package Source</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>adding to yum</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To add an extra repository, place a definition file in the
+ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> directory on your system.
+ Package providers make the definition files for their
+ repositories available on their web sites.
+ </para>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Definition File Extension</title>
+ <para>
+ The names of repository definition files end with
+ <filename>.repo</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ <para>
+ You must have <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
+ access to add a file to the definitions directory. To copy the
+ definition file <filename>example.repo</filename>, type this
+ command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The configuration file for each repository should include a
+ <command>gpgkey</command> setting. This setting specifies the
+ location of a public key that verifies the packages provided by
+ that repository. This public key is automatically imported the
+ first time that you install software from the repository. If the
+ configuration file provided does not include this setting, refer
+ to <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Repositories and <application>up2date</application> Channels</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Starting with &FC; 4, <command>yum</command> repositories are
+ automatically used as <application>up2date</application>
+ channels. On &FC; 3 and earlier systems, you must manually
+ configure <application>up2date</application> to use these
+ channels. To do so, edit the
+ <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename> file.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-authorizing-package-sources">
+ <title>Manually Authorizing Package Sources</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>public keys</primary>
+ <secondary>adding</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To manually add a public key to your <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring, use the <option>import</option> feature of the
+ <command>rpm</command> utility. To import the file
+ <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>, type the following
+ command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You may also import public keys directly from a web site. For
+ example, to import the file <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>
+ on the web site <wordasword>www.therepository.com</wordasword>
+ use this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem> password.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Importing the &FED; Key on &FC; 3</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To add the &FED; public key to the <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring on &FC; 3 systems, run the command <command>su -c
+ 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-compat-repositories">
+ <title>Understanding Repository Compatibility</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>packages</primary>
+ <secondary>software compatibility</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>compatibility</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The &FEX; repository provides packages which are built to the
+ same standards as &FC; packages. Third-party packages should be
+ compatible with these &FP; packages, unless the provider
+ specifically states otherwise.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Always read the web site of the repository for information on
+ package compatibility before you add it as a package source.
+ Separate repository providers may offer different and
+ incompatible versions of the same software. Third-party
+ repositories may also provide alternative packages for software
+ that is included in &FED; repositories.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Alternative packages may contain versions of the software that
+ function differently from the version in the &FP; packages.
+ Determine the benefits and potential incompatibilities before
+ replacing &FP; packages with alternative versions.
+ </para>
+
+ <caution>
+ <title>Incompatible Repositories</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you configure your system to use incompatible repositories
+ <command>yum</command> operations may fail.
+ </para>
+ </caution>
+
+ <para>
+ Packages built for one version of &FED; are usually not
+ compatible with other versions of &FED;. The web site of the
+ provider should specifically state which versions of &FED; they
+ support.
+ </para>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Old Versions of <command>yum</command> and Current Repositories</title>
+ <para>
+ The data format for repository indexes changed with version
+ 2.1 of <command>yum</command>. This was the version supplied
+ with &FC; 3. Repository providers should specify the versions
+ of &FC; that they support. To confirm that an unlabeled
+ repository is compatible with current versions of
+ <command>yum</command>, check that it has a sub-directory
+ called <filename>repodata/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-frompackage">
+ <title>Installing Software from an Isolated Package</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>installing software</primary>
+ <secondary>from a package</secondary>
+ <see>software, installing from a package</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>installing from a package</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Use repositories and the standard <command>yum</command> commands
+ to locate and install new software, unless the software package is
+ not available from any repository. In these cases, use the
+ <option>localinstall</option> function to install the software
+ from the package file.
+ </para>
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Public Key is Required</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Ensure that the public key for the package source has been
+ imported before you install a package without a repository.
+ Refer to <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ Enter this command to install the package
+ <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</filename>:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum localinstall <replaceable>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ At the prompt, enter the
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">root</systemitem> password.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Previously Installed Software is Updated</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If the package provides a later version of software that is
+ already installed on your system, <command>yum</command> updates
+ the installed software.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If the package requires software that is not installed on your
+ system, <command>yum</command> attempts to meet the dependencies
+ with packages from the configured repositories. You may need to
+ manually download and install additional packages in order to
+ satisfy all of the dependencies.
+ </para>
+
+ <caution>
+ <title>Maintaining Manually Installed Software</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you install software that is not provided by a repository,
+ <command>yum update</command> cannot automatically upgrade it as
+ new versions become available. To ensure that you have the
+ latest packages, subscribe to e-mail or RSS services that notify
+ you when new versions are released.
+ </para>
+ </caution>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-maintenance">
+ <title>Maintaining <command>yum</command></title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>yum</command> system does not require any routine
+ maintenance. To ensure that <command>yum</command> operations are
+ carried out at optimal speed, disable or remove repository
+ definitions which you no longer require. You may also clear the
+ files from the <command>yum</command> caches in order to recover
+ disk space.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-sources">
+ <title>Disabling or Removing Package Sources</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>disabling in yum</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositories</primary>
+ <secondary>removing from yum</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Set <command>enable=0</command> in a definition file to prevent
+ <command>yum</command> from using that repository. The
+ <command>yum</command> utility ignores any definition file with
+ this setting.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ To completely remove access to a repository:
+ </para>
+ <procedure>
+ <step>
+ <para>
+ Delete the relevant file from
+ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </step>
+ <step>
+ <para>
+ Delete the cache directory from
+ <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </step>
+ </procedure>
+<!-- What with the "web of trust," removing GPG keys is not really -->
+<!-- something we should encourage. Having an extra GPG key in the RPM -->
+<!-- database is not a vulnerability, nor does it hamper the system in -->
+<!-- any way. These are probably a couple of reasons Seth didn't build -->
+<!-- this function into yum as part of "clean all," for example. Since -->
+<!-- we just had several admonitions against people running the rpm -->
+<!-- command on its own anyway, I would just omit this part -->
+<!-- completely. [PWF] -->
+<!--
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Remove Unneeded Public Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you will not be using any further packages from a provider,
+ remove their public key from the <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring using the procedure described in
+ <xref linkend="sn-removing-publickeys" />.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-publickeys">
+ <title>Removing Public Keys</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>public keys, removing</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove a public key from the keyring you first must determine
+ the full name of the key, as it registered in
+ <command>rpm</command>. Run this command to view the details of
+ the public keys on the <command>rpm</command> keyring:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-*</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Locate the heading for the relevant public key. The public key
+ headings follow this format:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="publickey-header-format">
+ <title>Format of <command>rpm</command> Public Key Headers</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput>Name : gpg-pubkey Relocations: (not relocatable)
+Version : 4f2a6fd2 Vendor: (none)
+Release : 3f9d9d3b Build Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST
+Install Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST Build Host: localhost
+Group : Public Keys Source RPM: (none)
+Size : 0 License: pubkey
+Signature : (none)
+Summary : gpg(Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>)
+Description :</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Add the <option>Version</option> and <option>Release</option>
+ attributes to <option>gpg-pubkey-</option> to make the complete
+ name of the key, in the form
+ <option>gpg-pubkey-Version_number-Release_number</option>. The
+ <command>rpm</command> identification for the &FP; public key
+ shown above is: <option>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you know the identification name of the key, use the
+ command <command>rpm <option>-e</option></command> to remove it.
+ To remove the &FP; public key shown above the exact command
+ would be:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm -e <replaceable>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+-->
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-clearance">
+ <title>Clearing the <command>yum</command> Caches</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>cleaning caches</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ By default, <command>yum</command> retains the packages and
+ package data files that it downloads, so that they may be reused
+ in future operations without being downloaded again. To purge
+ the package data files, use this command:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum clean headers'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Run this command to remove all of the packages held in the
+ caches:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'yum clean packages'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ When using these commands, at the prompt, enter the password for
+ the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Purging cached files causes those files to downloaded again the
+ next time that they are required. This increases the amount of
+ time required to complete the operation.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server">
+ <title>Using <command>yum</command> with a Proxy Server</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>proxy server</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>using with a proxy server</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ By default, <command>yum</command> accesses network repositories
+ with HTTP. All <command>yum</command> HTTP operations use
+ HTTP/1.1, and are compatible with web proxy servers that support
+ this standard. You may also access FTP repositories, and configure
+ <command>yum</command> to use an FTP proxy server. The
+ <filename>squid</filename> package provides a proxy service for
+ both HTTP/1.1 and FTP connections.
+ </para>
+ <tip>
+ <title>Modifying <command>yum</command> for Network Compatibility</title>
+ <para>
+ Refer to the <command>man</command> page for
+ <filename>yum.conf</filename> for information on HTTP settings
+ that may be modified for compatibility with nonstandard web
+ proxy servers. Alternatively, configure <command>yum</command>
+ to use an FTP proxy server, and access repositories that support
+ FTP. The &FED; repositories support both HTTP and FTP.
+ </para>
+ </tip>
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-global">
+ <title>Configuring Proxy Server Access</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable all <command>yum</command> operations to use a proxy
+ server, specify the proxy server details in
+ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>. The <option>proxy</option>
+ setting must specify the proxy server as a complete URL,
+ including the TCP port number. If your proxy server requires a
+ username and password, specify these by adding
+ <option>proxy_username</option> and
+ <option>proxy_password</option> settings.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The settings below enable <command>yum</command> to use the
+ proxy server
+ <systemitem
+ class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>,
+ connecting to port 3128, with the username
+ <systemitem
+ class="username">yum-user</systemitem> and the
+ password <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="config-file-httpproxy">
+ <title>Configuration File Settings for Using A Proxy Server</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput># The proxy server - proxy server:port number
+proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128
+# The account details for yum connections
+proxy_username=yum-user
+proxy_password=qwerty</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>Global Settings</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you define a proxy server in
+ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>, <emphasis>all</emphasis>
+ users connect to the proxy server with those details when
+ using <command>yum</command>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser">
+ <title>Configuring Proxy Server Access for a Single User</title>
+
+ <para>
+ To enable proxy access for a specific user, add the lines in the
+ example box below to the user's shell profile. For the default
+ <command>bash</command> shell, the profile is the file
+ <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>. The settings below enable
+ <command>yum</command> to use the proxy server
+ <systemitem
+ class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>,
+ connecting to port 3128.
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="profile-script-httpproxy">
+ <title>Profile Settings for Using a Proxy Server</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput># The Web proxy server used by this account
+http_proxy="http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128"
+export http_proxy</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ If the proxy server requires a username and password, add these
+ to the URL. To include the username
+ <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem> and the
+ password <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>, add these settings:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="profile-script-httpproxy-withpassword">
+ <title>Profile Settings for a Secured Proxy Server</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput># The Web proxy server, with the username and password for this account
+http_proxy="http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128"
+export http_proxy</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <note>
+ <title>The <option>http_proxy</option> Environment Variable</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The <command>http_proxy</command> environment variable is also
+ used by <command>curl</command> and other utilities. Although
+ <command>yum</command> itself may use
+ <command>http_proxy</command> in either upper-case or
+ lower-case, <command>curl</command> requires the name of the
+ variable to be in lower-case.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+<!-- SE: This is at the end of the document, since it looks out of place in section 1 -->
+
+ <section id="sn-acknowledgements">
+ <title>Acknowledgements</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Paul Frields edited this document. Timothy Murphy reviewed the
+ beta release.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+
+ <index id="generated-index"></index>
+</article>
+
+<!--
+Local variables:
+mode: xml
+fill-column: 72
+End:
+-->
diff --git a/es-ES.cfg b/es-ES.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a57c11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/es-ES.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Config::Simple 4.59
+# Sun Jun 6 23:23:33 2010
+
+xml_lang: es-ES
+type: Article
+brand: fedora
+docname: Software_Management_Guide
+
+
diff --git a/es-ES/Article_Info.xml b/es-ES/Article_Info.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7a2147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/es-ES/Article_Info.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE bookinfo PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<articleinfo id="book-Software_Management_Guide-Software_Management_Guide">
+ <title>Administrando Software con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <subtitle> </subtitle>
+ <productname>Fedora Core</productname>
+ <productnumber>4</productnumber>
+ <edition>2.0</edition>
+ <pubsnumber>0</pubsnumber>
+ <!-- <abstract>
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </abstract> -->
+ <corpauthor>
+ <inlinemediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" format="SVG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ </inlinemediaobject>
+ </corpauthor>
+ <xi:include href="Common_Content/Legal_Notice.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+ <xi:include href="Author_Group.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+</articleinfo>
+
diff --git a/es-ES/Author_Group.xml b/es-ES/Author_Group.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e01523e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/es-ES/Author_Group.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE authorgroup PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Stuart</firstname>
+ <surname>Ellis</surname>
+ <email>stuart at elsn.org</email>
+ </author>
+ <editor>
+ <firstname>Paul</firstname>
+ <othername>W.</othername>
+ <surname>Frields</surname>
+ <email>stickster at gmail.com</email>
+ </editor>
+</authorgroup>
+
diff --git a/es-ES/Revision_History.xml b/es-ES/Revision_History.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0888df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/es-ES/Revision_History.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<appendix id="appe-Software_Management_Guide-Revision_History">
+ <title>Revision History</title>
+ <simpara>
+ <revhistory>
+
+ <revision date="2005-11-28" number="1.0.5" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Fixed some uses of "Fedora" to read "Fedora Core" where appropriate.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-11-15" number="1.0.4" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Updated section on proxy servers. Fixed #166122.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-10-13" number="1.0.3" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Fix wording (#170584).</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-08-26" number="1.0.2" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Fix localinstall information.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-08-18" number="1.0.1" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Added information on installing without repository and manually adding
+ keys.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-08-13" number="1.0" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Publish to official project page.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-07-25" number="0.6" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Edited for style and usage; BETA publication.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-07-19" number="0.5" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Updated for Fedora Core 4.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-06-01" number="0.4" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Initial import into CVS.</details>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+ </simpara>
+</appendix>
+
diff --git a/es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.ent b/es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.ent
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f315b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.ent
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<!ENTITY PRODUCT "Fedora Documentation">
+<!ENTITY BOOKID "software-management-guide">
+<!ENTITY YEAR "2005">
+<!ENTITY HOLDER "Red Hat, Inc. and others">
diff --git a/es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.xml b/es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4b0f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/es-ES/Software_Management_Guide.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1263 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<article lang="es-ES">
+ <xi:include href="Article_Info.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+ <section id="sn-introduction">
+ <title>Introducción</title>
+ <section id="sn-purpose">
+ <title>Propósito</title>
+ <para>
+ Este documento presenta conceptos básicos sobre la administración de software en sistemas Fedora. Describe las principales funciones de <command>yum</command>,la herramienta de administración de software recomendada por Fedora.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-audience">
+ <title>Audiencia</title>
+ <para>
+ Este documento está destinado a todos los usuarios de Fedora sin importar el nivel de experiencia.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-usingdoc">
+ <title>Uso de este documento</title>
+ <para>
+ Este documento es una referencia sobre el uso de <command>yum</command>. Puede leer una o todas las secciones de este documento dependiendo de sus necesidades y su nivel de experiencia. Si usted es un usuario nuevo, lea la <xref linkend="sn-software-management-concepts" /> antes de utilizar <command>yum</command> por primera vez. Los usuarios de Linux más experimentados pueden iniciar con la <xref linkend="sn-managing-packages" />.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Versiones anteriores de Fedora Core</title>
+ <para>
+ Este documento describe la configuración de <command>yum</command> en sistemas Fedora Core 4. Usted debe ejecutar el paso adicional que se muestra en la <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources" /> para activar <command>yum</command> en Fedora Core 3.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ La mayorÃa de los ejemplos en este documento utilizan el paquete <filename>tsclient</filename>, el cual está incluido en Fedora Core. El paquete <filename>tsclient</filename> proporciona una aplicación para el acceso remoto de escritorio. Si lo ha instalado de manera exitosa, usted puede iniciar la aplicación desde <menuchoice><guimenu>Aplicaciones</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal Server Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. Para utilizar los ejemplos, substituya el nombre del paquete relevante por <filename>tsclient</filename>. Los comandos de ejemplo para los grupos de paquetes Fedorautilizan el grupo <filename>MySQL Database</filename>.
+ </para>
+ <important>
+ <title>Evite iniciar la sesión como usuario root</title>
+ <para>
+ Usted no necesita iniciar una sesión como usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> para poder administrar su sistema Fedora. Todos los comandos en esta guÃa que requieren acceso de <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> le solicitarán la contraseña de root. Los ejemplos de comandos de terminal utilizan <command>su <option>-c</option></command> para proporcionar esta facilidad.
+ </para>
+
+ </important>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-additional-resources">
+ <title>Recursos adicionales</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>documentación</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>paginas de manual (man)</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> tiene caracterÃsticas y opciones que no se discutirán en este documento. Lea las páginas del manual <command>man</command> para <command>yum(8)</command> y <filename>yum.conf(5)</filename> para obtener mayor información; utilice los siguientes comandos:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>man yum man yum.conf</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>sitios web</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>listas de correo</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Entre otros recursos útiles para <command>yum</command> en internet están:
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>La página web del proyecto </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/" />
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>La lista de correo de los usuarios </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/yum/" />
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>La lista de correo de los desarrolladores </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum-devel/" />
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ <note> <title>Revise primero Bugzilla</title>
+ <para>
+ Si encuentra un error persistente con una operación especÃfica, visite <ulink url="http://bugzilla.redhat.com"/> y revise el reporte de errores para el paquete o paquetes involucrados. Un error en un paquete puede causar la falla de todas las operaciones de <command>yum</command> que dependen del paquete. Por favor reporte los errores de los paquetes Fedora, incluyendo <command>yum</command>, en esta página web de Bugzilla.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-concepts">
+ <title>Conceptos de la administración de software</title>
+ <section id="sn-about-packages">
+ <title>Sobre los paquetes</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>paquetes</primary>
+ <secondary>definido</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ El software y la documentación de Fedora se suministra en formatos de archivo llamados <firstterm>paquetes</firstterm> RPM. Cada paquete es un archivo comprimido que contiene información del producto, archivos de programa, iconos, documentación y scripts de administración. Las aplicaciones de administración utilizan estos archivos para ubicar, instalar, actualizar y remover software de una forma segura. Por ejemplo, el proceso de instalación de Fedora utiliza los paquetes suministrados con Fedora Core para construir o actualizar un sistema según sus requerimientos.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Los paquetes incluyen también una firma digital para comprobar su procedencia. Las utilidades de administración de software verifican esta firma digital utilizando una <firstterm>llave pública</firstterm> GPG. Las utilidades <command>yum</command> y <command>rpm</command> comparten un mismo <firstterm>llavero</firstterm> que almacena todas las llaves públicas para las fuentes de paquetes aprobadas. El administrador de sistema configura estas fuentes de paquetes aprobadas.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Todos los paquetes de Fedora son Software de código abierto</title>
+ <para>
+ Todo el software proporcionado por el Fedora Project es software de código abierto. Usted puede descargar e instalar paquetes de Fedora en cualquier cantidad de sistemas deseado.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-repositories">
+ <title>Sobre los repositorios</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositorios</primary>
+ <secondary>definido</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Un <firstterm>repositorio</firstterm> es un directorio o sitio web que contiene paquetes de software y archivos de Ãndices. Las utilidades de administración de software como <command>yum</command> automáticamente ubican y obtienen los paquetes RPM correctos desde esos repositorios. Este método lo libera de tener que buscar e instalar las nuevas aplicaciones o actualizaciones de forma manual. Usted puede utilizar un único comando para actualizar todo el software del sistema o buscar por nuevo software según un criterio dado.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Una red de servidores proporcionan varios repositorios para cada versión de Fedora Core. Las utilidades de administración de paquetes en Fedora Core están preconfiguradas para utilizar tres de estos repositorios:
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Base </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Los paquetes que conforman un lanzamiento de Fedora Core, tal y como están en el disco
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Actualizaciones </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Versiones actualizadas de los paquetes proporcionados en Base
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Extras </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Paquetes para una variada gama de software adicional
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ <note>
+ <title>Versiones anteriores de Fedora Core</title>
+ <para>
+ Fedora Core 4 soportan automáticamente los tres repositorios listados arriba. Usted debe configurar los sistemas Fedora Core 3 para usar Fedora Extras, tal y como se menciona en la <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+ <warning>
+ <title>Repositorios de desarrollo Fedora</title>
+ <para>
+ Fedora Core también incluye la configuración para varios repositorios adicionales. Estos proporcionan paquetes para varios tipos de sistemas de prueba, y remplazan uno o más de los repositorios estándar. Active el soporte de uno de los siguientes repositorios únicamente si usted prueba o desarrolla software de Fedora: <filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, y <filename>updates-testing</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </warning>
+ <para>
+ Los desarrolladores de software de terceros también proporcionan repositorios para sus paquetes compatibles con Fedora. Para aprender a configurar su sistema Fedora para utilizar repositorios de terceros, lea la <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories" />.
+ </para>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>grupos de paquetes</primary>
+ <secondary>definido</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Usted puede también utilizar los <firstterm>grupos de paquetes</firstterm> proporcionados por los repositorios de Fedora para administrar paquetes relacionados con un grupo. Algunos repositorios de terceros añaden sus paquetes a estos grupos o proporcionan sus paquetes como grupos adicionales.
+ </para>
+ <!-- SE: Some repositories use groups and some don't: I've tried to put this nicely. --><!-- SE: Using the admonition for this is not optimal, it just doesn't fit anywhere else. --> <note>
+ <title>Grupos de paquetes disponibles</title>
+ <para>
+ Para ver una lista de todos los grupos de paquetes disponibles para su sistema Fedora, ejecute el comando <command>su -c 'yum grouplist'</command>.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ Utilice los repositorios para asegurarse de recibir siempre las versiones de software más actuales. Si existen varias versiones del mismo paquete, la utilidad de administración de software elegirá automáticamente la más nueva.
+ </para>
+ <warning> <title>Instalando Software que no está en el repositorio</title>
+ <para>
+ Instale software utilizando métodos manuales únicamente si está seguro de no poder conseguir los paquetes dentro del repositorio. Usted tendrá que manejar el software utilizando métodos manuales en vez de las utilidades de administración de software que vienen con Fedora.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ El comando <command>yum</command> utiliza repositorios como fuentes para la adquisición de paquetes. Consulte la <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage" /> para obtener información de cómo utilizar <command>yum</command> para instalar software desde un archivo de paquetes.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-about-dependencies">
+ <title>Acerca de las dependencias</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>dependencias</primary>
+ <secondary>definido</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Algunos de los archivos instalados en una distribución Fedora son <firstterm>bibliotecas</firstterm> las cuales pueden proporcionar funciones para múltiples aplicaciones. Cuando una aplicación requiere una biblioteca especÃfica, el paquete que contiene esa librerÃa es una <firstterm>dependencia</firstterm>. Para instalar un paquete apropiadamente, Fedora debe satisfacer primero sus dependencias. La información sobre las dependencias de un paquete RPM está almacenada dentro de los archivos RPM.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> utiliza los datos de dependencia de los paquetes para asegurar que todos los requisitos de una aplicación se cumplan durante la instalación. Automáticamente instala los paquetes para cualquier dependencia en caso de que estos no estén presentes en su sistema. Si la nueva aplicación tiene requerimientos que podrÃan entrar en conflicto con un paquete de software ya existente, <command>yum</command> finaliza sin realizar ningún cambio en el sistema.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-package-names">
+ <title>Entendiendo los nombres de paquetes</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>paquetes</primary>
+ <secondary>compatibilidad de hardware</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>paquetes</primary>
+ <secondary>nombres</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ El nombre de cada paquete contiene importante información. Por ejemplo, este es el nombre completo del paquete <filename>tsclient</filename>:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><filename>tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</filename>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Las utilidades de administración se refieren comúnmente a los paquetes con uno de los tres formatos:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Nombre del paquete: <filename>tsclient</filename>
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Nombre del paquete con la versión y número de lanzamiento: <filename>tsclient-0.132-6</filename>
+ </para>
+ <!-- In what instances is the release number not needed? For many --><!-- package updates, only the release number might change. Although it --><!-- might be superfluous, it's never *bad* to include it, right? [PWF] -->
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Nombre de paquete con la arquitectura del hardware: <filename>tsclient.i386</filename>
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ Por claridad, <command>yum</command> lista los paquetes bajo el formato <filename>nombre.arquitectura</filename>. Asimismo, los repositorios generalmente almacenan los paquetes por arquitecturas. En cada caso, la arquitectura de hardware señalada por el paquete es el <emphasis>mÃnimo</emphasis> tipo de máquina requerida para utilizar el paquete.
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>i386 </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Apropiado para cualquier computador compatible con Intel
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>noarch </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Compatible con cualquier tipo de arquitectura
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ppc </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Apropiado para sistemas PowerPC, tal como Apple Power Macintosh
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>x86_64 </term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Apropiado para procesadores compatibles con Intel de 64-bit, tal como Opterons
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ <para>
+ Algún software puede ser optimizado para un tipo particular de máquina compatible con Intel. Paquetes por separado pueden ser proporcionados para computadores <option>i386</option>, <option>i586</option>, <option>i686</option> y <option>x86_64</option>. Una máquina con, al menos, Intel Pentium, VIA C3 o CPU compatible puede utilizar los paquetes <option>i586</option>. Computadores con Intel Pentium Pro y superior, o un modelo actual de AMD, pueden usar paquetes <option>i686</option>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Utilice el nombre corto de los paquetes con los comandos de <command>yum</command> . Esto causará que <command>yum</command> seleccione automáticamente el paquete más reciente presente en el repositorio para la arquitectura de su computador.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Especifique un paquete con otro nombre de formato para sobreescribir el comportamiento por defecto y forzar a <command>yum</command> a utilizar el paquete que coincida con la versión o arquitectura dada. Utilice está opción únicamente si el paquete predeterminado seleccionado por <command>yum</command> tiene un error o cualquier otra falla que hace su instalación inapropiada.
+ </para>
+ <note> <title>Nombres de paquetes</title>
+ <para>
+ Usted puede utilizar cualquiera de los siguientes formatos para especificar paquetes en una operación de <command>yum</command>: <replaceable>nombre</replaceable>, <replaceable>nombre.arquitectura</replaceable>, <replaceable>nombre-versión</replaceable>, <replaceable>nombre-versión-lanzamiento</replaceable>, <replaceable>nombre-versión-lanzamiento.arquitectura</replaceable>, y <replaceable>época:nombre-versión-lanzamiento.arquitectura</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-software-management-tools">
+ <title>Herramientas de administración de software en Fedora Core</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Añadir/eliminar aplicaciones</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Icono de alerta</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>up2date</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> es un sistema de administración de software completo. Fedora Core también incluye otras aplicaciones que suplementan a <command>yum</command>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ En su escritorio aparece un <application>Icono de alerta</application> que lo mantiene informado sobre las actualizaciones de paquetes. Si el sistema no está actualizado, el icono aparecerá como un cÃrculo rojo con una marca de exclamación pestañeante. El icono de alerta es parte de la aplicación <application>up2date</application>, la cual le permite instalar actualizaciones de una manera sencilla.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Fedora Core también incluye <application>system-config-packages</application>. Para ejecutar esta aplicación de forma gráfica, seleccione <menuchoice> <guimenu>Escritorio</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Configuración del sistema</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Añadir/Eliminar aplicaciones</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. A diferencia de <application>up2date</application> y <command>yum</command>, <application>system-config-packages</application> instala los paquetes de software desde los discos de instalación de Fedora Core únicamente sin utilizar repositorios. Esta aplicación es utilizada en sistemas que no tienen conexión a red.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad para la lÃnea de comandos <command>rpm</command> tiene varias funciones para trabajar con paquetes RPM individuales. Usted puede usarla para instalar o desinstalar manualmente paquetes de su sistema. Si usted instala software con la utilidad <command>rpm</command>, deberá revisar e instalar manualmente las dependencias de éste. Por esta razón, <command>yum</command> es el método recomendado para instalar software.
+ </para>
+ <warning> <title>Versiones de paquetes actuales</title>
+ <para>
+ Las utilidades <application>up2date</application> y <command>yum</command> se aseguran de que usted tiene las versiones más recientes de los paquetes de software. Otros métodos no garantizan que el paquete es el más reciente.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-managing-packages">
+ <title>Administrando Software con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>Administración de software</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Hay cuatro maneras en que la utilidad <command>yum</command> puede modificar el software de su sistema:
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Para instalar software nuevo desde los repositorios de paquetes
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Para instalar nuevos paquetes desde un archivo de paquete individual
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Para actualizar software existente en su sistema
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Para desinstalar de su sistema software no deseado
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </para>
+ <!-- SE: This duplicates text from the admonition in sn-about-repositories. It's here as well because the Fedora site has a link straight to this section --> <important>
+ <title>Instalando software desde un archivo de paquetes</title>
+ <para>
+ Los comandos <command>yum</command> mostrados en esta sección utilizan repositorios como la fuente de paquetes. Consulte la <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage" /> para detalles sobre el uso de <command>yum</command> para instalar software desde un archivo de paquete individual.
+ </para>
+
+ </important>
+ <para>
+ Para utilizar <command>yum</command>, especifique una función y uno o más paquetes o grupos de paquetes. Cada sección mostrará algunos ejemplos.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Por cada operación, <command>yum</command> descarga la información de paquetes más reciente desde los repositorios configurados. Si su sistema está utilizando una conexión a red lenta <command>yum</command> podrÃa requerir varios segundos para descargar los Ãndices de los repositorios y los archivos de cabecera de cada paquete.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> busca a través de estos archivos de datos para determinar los pasos a seguir con el fin de lograr los mejores resultados. Además mostrará la transacción para que usted la apruebe. La transacción puede incluir la instalación, actualización o remoción de paquetes para resolver las dependencias de paquetes.
+ </para>
+ <example id="yum-transaction-format">
+ <title>Formato del reporte de transacciones de <command>yum</command></title>
+ <para>
+ Este ejemplo muestra la transacción para la instalación de <filename>tsclient</filename>:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> Package Arch Version Repository Size</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Installing:</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> tsclient i386 0.132-6 base 247 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Installing for dependencies:</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> rdesktop i386 1.4.0-2 base 107 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> </computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Transaction Summary</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Install 2 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Update 0 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Remove 0 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Total download size: 355 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput> </screen>
+
+
+ </example>
+ <para>
+ Revise la lista de cambios, y luego presione <keycap>y</keycap> para aceptar e iniciar el proceso. Si presiona <keycap>N</keycap> o <keycap>Intro</keycap>, <command>yum</command> no descargará o cambiará ningún paquete.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Versiones de paquetes</title>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> muestra y utiliza únicamente las versiones más recientes de los paquetes a menos que usted le indique lo contrario.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> también importará la llave pública del repositorio si esta no está instalada en el llavero de <command>rpm</command>.
+ </para>
+ <example id="yum-publickey-import">
+ <title>Formato de importación de la llave pública por <command>yum</command></title>
+ <para>
+ Este es un ejemplo de la importación de la llave pública:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><computeroutput>warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 "Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput> </screen>
+
+ </example>
+ <para>
+ Revise la llave pública y presione <keycap>y</keycap> para importar la llave y autorizar su uso. Si presiona <keycap>N</keycap> o <keycap>Intro</keycap>, <command>yum</command> no instalará ningún paquete.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para asegurar que el paquete descargado es genuino, <command>yum</command> verifica la firma digital de cada paquete contra la llave pública de cada proveedor. Una vez todos los paquetes requeridos para la transacción han sido descargados y verificados satisfactoriamente, <command>yum</command> los aplicará a su sistema.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Cada transacción completada registra los paquetes afectados en el archivo de registro <filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename>.Es necesario tener derechos <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> para leer el archivo.
+ </para>
+ <note> <title>Las descargas son guardadas en caché</title>
+ <para>
+ La utilidad <command>yum</command> guarda tanto los archivos de datos como los paquetes descargados para su reutilización. Usted puede copiar los paquetes desde los directorios de caché del repositorio bajo el nombre <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>, y utilizarlos en otro lugar. Si usted remueve un paquete del caché, no se afectará la copia del software instalado en su sistema.
+ </para>
+ </note> <section id="sn-yum-installing-withrepositories">
+ <title>Instalando nuevo software con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>instalando software</primary>
+ <see>software, instalación de</see>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>instalación de</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Para instalar el paquete <filename>tsclient</filename>, introduzca el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum install <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para instalar el grupo de paquetes <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, introduzca el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupinstall "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <important>
+ <title>Los nuevos servicios requerirán activación</title>
+ <para>
+ Cuando instale un servicio, Fedora no lo activa o inicia. Para configurar un servicio que será ejecutado durante el arranque, seleccione <menuchoice> <guimenu>Escritorio</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Configuración del sistema</guisubmenu> <guisubmenu>Configuración de servidores</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Servicios</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>, o utilice las aplicaciones para la lÃnea de comandos <command>chkconfig</command> y <command>service</command>
+ </para>
+
+ </important>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-updating-withrepositories">
+ <title>Actualizando software con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>actualizando</primary>
+ <secondary>paquetes de software</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>actualizando</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Para actualizar el paquete <filename>tsclient</filename> con la versión más reciente, escriba:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum update <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <important>
+ <title>Las nuevas versiones de software requieren recarga</title>
+ <para>
+ Si un paquete de software está siendo usado cuando usted realiza la actualización, la versión antigua seguirá activa hasta que la aplicación o el servicio sea reiniciado. Las actualizaciones de Kernel tienen efecto cuando se reinicia el sistema.
+ </para>
+
+ </important>
+ <para>
+ Para actualizar todos los paquetes en el grupo de paquetes <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, introduzca el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupupdate "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Actualizando todo el sistema</title>
+ <para>
+ Para actualizar todos los paquetes en su sistema Fedora, utilice los comandos descritos en la <xref linkend="sn-updating-your-system" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-removing-software">
+ <title>Removiendo Software con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>removiendo software</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>removiendo</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Para remover software, <command>yum</command> examina su sistema para el software especificado y cualquier software que sea solicitado como dependencia. La transacción para remover el software elimina tanto el software como sus dependencias.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para remover de su sistema el paquete <filename>tsclient</filename>, utilice el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum remove <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para remover todos los paquetes pertenecientes al grupo de paquetes <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, introduzca el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupremove "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Retención de archivos de configuración y datos</title>
+ <para>
+ El proceso de remoción deja en su lugar los datos del usuario, pero en algunos casos remueve los archivos de configuración. Si una remoción de paquetes no incluye el archivo de configuración y usted decide reinstalar el paquete, éste puede usar el archivo de configuración anterior.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages">
+ <title>Buscando paquetes con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>paquetes</primary>
+ <secondary>localización</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>buscando</primary>
+ <secondary>paquetes</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Utilice las funciones de búsqueda de <command>yum</command> para encontrar software que éste disponible en los repositorios configurados o ya instalado en su sistema. Las búsquedasincluyen automáticamente tanto a los paquetes instalados como a los paquetes disponibles.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ El formato de los resultados depende de la opción. Si no hay paquetes que coincidan con el criterio de búsqueda, no se producirá ninguna información.
+ </para>
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages-byname">
+ <title>Búsquedas por nombres de paquetes y atributos</title>
+ <para>
+ Para buscar un paquete especÃfico según su nombre, utilice la función <option>list</option>. Para buscar por el paquete <filename>tsclient</filename>, utilice el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para que los resultados de la búsqueda sean más precisos, especifique el nombre del paquete e incluya otros atributos, tal como la versión o la arquitectura de hardware. Para buscar la versión 0.123 de la aplicación, utilice el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient-0.132</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <note>
+ <title>Atributos válidos del paquete</title>
+ <para>
+ Consulte la <xref linkend="sn-package-names" /> para obtener información sobre el formato de los nombres de paquetes y los atributos incluidos.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages-advanced">
+ <title>Búsquedas avanzadas</title>
+ <para>
+ Si no sabe el nombre del paquete, utilice las opciones <option>search</option> o <option>provides</option>. Alternativamente, utilice comodines o expresiones regulares con cualquier opción de búsqueda de <command>yum</command> para ampliar el criterio de búsqueda.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ La opción <option>search</option> revisa el nombre, descripción, resumen y la lista de las personas encargadas de mantener el paquete de todos los paquetes disponibles, con el fin de encontrar aquellos que coincidan con el criterio de búsqueda. Por ejemplo, para buscar todos los paquetes relacionados con PalmPilots, escriba:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum search <replaceable>PalmPilot</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña del usuario <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> cuando esta sea solicitada.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ La función <option>provides</option> revisa los archivos incluidos en el paquete y las funciones que el software proporciona. Esta opción requiere que <command>yum</command> descargue y lea archivos de Ãndices mucho más largos que aquellos leÃdos por la opción <option>search</option>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para buscar todos los paquetes que incluyan el archivo <filename>libneon</filename>, escriba:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>libneon</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Para buscar paquetes que incluyan el servicio MTA (Mail Transport Agent) o que incluyan el archivo <filename>mta</filename> en sus nombres, escriba:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>MTA</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Por cada comando, introduzca la contraseña de la cuenta <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Utilice comodines para ejecutar las opciones de búsqueda con parte de una palabra o nombre: <option>?</option> para repesentar un carácter y <option>*</option> que representa cero o más caracteres. Utilice el carácter de escape (<option>\</option>) antes de los comodines.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para listar (usando <option>list</option>) todos los paquetes con nombres que inician con <filename>tsc</filename>, escriba:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsc\*</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <note> <title>Expresiones regulares</title>
+ <para>
+ Utilice expresiones regulares de Perl o Python para ejecutar búsquedas más complejas.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-package-matches">
+ <title>Entendiendo las coincidencias</title>
+ <para>
+ Las búsquedas con <command>yum</command> muestran todos los paquetes que coincidan con el criterio de búsqueda. Los paquetes deben cumplir los términos de la búsqueda de forma exacta para ser considerados coincidencias, a menos que usted haya utilizado comodines o expresiones regulares.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Por ejemplo, una búsqueda por <filename>shadowutils</filename> o <filename>shadow-util</filename> no mostrará el paquete <filename>shadow-utils</filename>. Este paquete coincidirá con una búsqueda que utiliza <filename>shadow-util\?</filename>, o <filename>shadow\*</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-updating-your-system">
+ <title>Actualizando su sistema con <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>actualizando</primary>
+ <secondary>todo el sistema</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>actualizando todo el sistema</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Utilice la opción <option>update</option> para actualizar el software de su sistema Fedora con las versiones más resientes.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para ejecutar una actualización total del sistema, escriba el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña de <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+ <section id="sn-automatic-updating">
+ <title>Actualizando su sistema automáticamente</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>actualización automática</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ El paquete <filename>yum</filename> suministrado con Fedora Core incluye scripts para ejecutar actualizaciones totales del sistema diariamente. Para activar las actualizaciones automáticas diarias, introduzca este comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña de la cuenta <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> .
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Cómo son ejecutadas las actualizaciones diarias</title>
+ <para>
+ No hay un servicio <command>yum</command> en ejecución en su sistema. El comando dado anteriormente activa el script <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>. Este script de control activa el script <filename>/etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>, el cual hace que el servicio <command>cron</command> ejecute la actualización del sistema automáticamente a las 4 am cada dÃa.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-using-repositories">
+ <title>Utilizando otros repositorios de Software</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Fedora Extras</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositorios</primary>
+ <secondary>buscando</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>buscando</primary>
+ <secondary>repositorios</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Los sistemas Fedora utilizan automáticamente los repositorios de Fedora Project. Estos incluyen Fedora Extras, la fuente de paquetes predeterminada de software que no está incluido con Fedora Core.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Repositorios Fedora Extras para versiones anteriores de Fedora Core</title>
+ <para>
+ Usted debe configurar manualmente el sistema Fedora Core 3 para utilizar Fedora Extras, utilizando las instrucciones dadas en <ulink url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/" />. Para paquetes adicionales para Fedora Core 1 y Fedora Core 2, consulte <ulink url="http://www.fedora.us/" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ Si Fedora Project no suministra los paquetes de un producto, los creadores algunas veces proporcionan o recomiendan un repositorio separado. Algunos miembros de la comunidad también mantienen repositorios que proporcionan paquetes para sistemas Fedora. Por ejemplo, <ulink url="http://www.jpackage.org/" /> distribuye como paquetes software de Java.
+ </para>
+ <section id="sn-adding-repositories">
+ <title>Añadiendo un repositorio como fuente de paquetes</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositorios</primary>
+ <secondary>añadiendo a yum</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Para añadir un repositorio adicional, ubique el archivo de definición en el directorio <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> de su sistema. Los proveedores de paquetes escriben los archivos de definición para los repositorios disponibles en sus sitios web.
+ </para>
+ <note> <title>Definición de la extensión del archivo</title>
+ <para>
+ El nombre de los archivos de definición de repositorios finaliza con <filename>.repo</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </note> <para>
+ Usted debe tener privilegios <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> para añadir el archivo al directorio de definiciones. Para copiar el archivo de definición <filename>example.repo</filename>, escriba este comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña de la cuenta <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> .
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ El archivo de configuración para cada repositorio debe incluir el parámetro <command>gpgkey</command>. Este parámetro especifica la ubicación de la llave pública que verifica el paquete proporcionado por el repositorio. Esta llave pública es importada automáticamente la primera vez que se instale software desde ese repositorio. Si el archivo de configuración no incluye este parámetro, consulte la <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources" />.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Repositorios y canales <application>up2date</application></title>
+ <para>
+ Desde Fedora Core 4 los repositorios de <command>yum</command> son usados automáticamente como canales <application>up2date</application>. En Fedora Core 3 y sistemas anteriores, usted debe configurar manualmente <application>up2date</application> para utilizar estos canales. Para hacerlo, edite el archivo <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-authorizing-package-sources">
+ <title>Autorizando manualmente las fuentes de paquetes</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>llaves públicas</primary>
+ <secondary>añadiendo</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ para añadir manualmente una llave pública a su llavero <command>rpm</command>, utilice la función <option>import</option> de la utilidad <command>rpm</command>. Para importar el archivo <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>, escriba el siguiente comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña de la cuenta <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> .
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Usted puede también importar llaves públicas directamente desde el sitio web. Por ejemplo, para importar el archivo <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename> del sitio web <wordasword>www.therepository.com</wordasword>, utilice el comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña de <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+ <important>
+ <title>Importando la llave Fedora en Fedora Core 3</title>
+ <para>
+ Para añadir la llave pública Fedora al llavero <command>rpm</command> en sistemas Fedora Core 3, ejecute el comando <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>.
+ </para>
+
+ </important>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-compat-repositories">
+ <title>Entendiendo la compatibilidad del repositorio</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>paquetes</primary>
+ <secondary>compatibilidad de software</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositorios</primary>
+ <secondary>compatibilidad</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Los repositorios Fedora Extras proporcionan paquetes construidos bajo los mismos estándares de los paquetes de Fedora Core. Los paquetes de terceros deben ser compatibles con aquellos paquetes de Fedora Project, a menos que el proveedor especifique lo contrario.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Se aconseja leer la información de compatibilidad de paquetes del sitio web antes de añadirlo como fuentes de paquetes. Proveedores de repositorios separados pueden ofrecer versiones diferentes e incompatibles del mismo software. Los repositorios de terceros pueden también proporcionar diferentes paquetes alternos de aquel software incluido en los repositorios Fedora.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Los paquetes alternos pueden contener versiones de software que incluye diferentes funciones de la version en los paquetes de Fedora Project. Determine los beneficios y las potenciales incompatibilidades antes de reemplazar los paquetes de Fedora Project con paquetes alternativos.
+ </para>
+ <warning> <title>Repositorios incompatibles</title>
+ <para>
+ Si configura su sistema para usar repositorios incompatibles, las operaciones de <command>yum</command> pueden fallar.
+ </para>
+ </warning> <para>
+ Los paquetes construidos para una versión de Fedora no son generalmente compatibles con otra versión de Fedora. El sitio web del proveedor debe especificar la versión de Fedora soportada.
+ </para>
+ <note> <title>Versiones anteriores de <command>yum</command> y repositorios actuales</title>
+ <para>
+ El formato de datos para los Ãndices de los repositorios cambió con la versión 2.1 de <command>yum</command>. Esta fue la versión entregada con Fedora Core 3. Los repositorios deben especificar la versión de Fedora Core que soportan. Para confirmar que un repositorio es compatible con la versión actual de <command>yum</command>, revise que éste tiene un subdirectorio llamado <filename>repodata/</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-frompackage">
+ <title>Instalando software desde un paquete único</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>instalando software</primary>
+ <secondary>desde un paquete</secondary>
+ <see>software, instalando desde un paquete</see>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>software</primary>
+ <secondary>instalando desde un paquete</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Utilice los repositorios y los comandos <command>yum</command> estándar para localizar e instalar software nuevo, a menos que el paquete de software no esté disponible desde ningún repositorio. En estos casos, utilice la función <option>localinstall</option> para instalar el software desde un archivo de paquetes.
+ </para>
+ <important>
+ <title>La llave pública es requerida</title>
+ <para>
+ Asegúrese de que la llave pública de la fuente de paquetes ha sido importada antes de instalar el paquete sin repositorio. Consulte la <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources" />.
+ </para>
+
+ </important>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca este comando para instalar el paquete <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</filename>:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum localinstall <replaceable>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Introduzca la contraseña de <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <title>El software instalado anteriormente es actualizado</title>
+ <para>
+ Si el paquete proporciona una nueva versión de software de un paquete ya instalado en el sistema, <command>yum</command> actualiza el software instalado.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ Si el paquete requiere software que no está instalado en su sistema, <command>yum</command> intenta encontrar las dependencias en los repositorios configurados. Usted podrÃa tener que descargar manualmente paquetes adicionales para poder satisfacer todas las dependencias.
+ </para>
+ <warning> <title>Manteniendo manualmente el software instalado</title>
+ <para>
+ Si usted instala software que no es proporcionado por un repositorio, <command>yum update</command> no puede actualizarlo automáticamente con una nueva versión disponible. Para asegurarse de tener la versión más actual, suscribase al servicio de correo o RSS que le notificará cuando una nueva versión es lanzada.
+ </para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-maintenance">
+ <title>Manteniendo <command>yum</command></title>
+ <para>
+ El sistema <command>yum</command> no requiere ninguna rutina de mantenimiento. Para asegurarse que las operaciones de <command>yum</command> sean ejecutadas a una velocidad óptima, desactive o remueva definiciones de repositorios que ya no requiera. También puede eliminar los archivos del caché de <command>yum</command> para recuperar espacio de disco.
+ </para>
+ <section id="sn-removing-sources">
+ <title>Desactivando o removiendo fuentes de paquetes</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositorios</primary>
+ <secondary>desactivando en yum</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>repositorios</primary>
+ <secondary>removiendo desde yum</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Establezca <command>enable=0</command> en el archivo de definición para prevenir que <command>yum</command> utilice ese repositorio. La utilidad <command>yum</command> ignora los archivos de definición con esta configuración.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Para remover completamente el acceso al repositorio:
+ </para>
+ <procedure>
+ <step>
+ <para>
+ Borre los archivos relevantes de <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </step>
+ <step>
+ <para>
+ Borre el directorio de caché de <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </step>
+
+ </procedure>
+
+ <!-- What with the "web of trust," removing GPG keys is not really --><!-- something we should encourage. Having an extra GPG key in the RPM --><!-- database is not a vulnerability, nor does it hamper the system in --><!-- any way. These are probably a couple of reasons Seth didn't build --><!-- this function into yum as part of "clean all," for example. Since --><!-- we just had several admonitions against people running the rpm --><!-- command on its own anyway, I would just omit this part --><!-- completely. [PWF] --><!--
+
+ <important>
+ <title
+>Remove Unneeded Public Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you will not be using any further packages from a provider,
+ remove their public key from the <command
+>rpm</command>
+ keyring using the procedure described in
+ <xref linkend="sn-removing-publickeys"/>.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-publickeys">
+ <title
+>Removing Public Keys</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary
+>public keys, removing</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove a public key from the keyring you first must determine
+ the full name of the key, as it registered in
+ <command
+>rpm</command
+>. Run this command to view the details of
+ the public keys on the <command
+>rpm</command
+> keyring:
+ </para>
+<screen
+>
+<userinput>rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-*</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Locate the heading for the relevant public key. The public key
+ headings follow this format:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="publickey-header-format">
+ <title
+>Format of <command
+>rpm</command
+> Public Key Headers</title>
+<screen
+>
+<computeroutput>Name : gpg-pubkey Relocations: (not relocatable)
+Version : 4f2a6fd2 Vendor: (none)
+Release : 3f9d9d3b Build Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST
+Install Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST Build Host: localhost
+Group : Public Keys Source RPM: (none)
+Size : 0 License: pubkey
+Signature : (none)
+Summary : gpg(Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>)
+Description :</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Add the <option
+>Version</option
+> and <option
+>Release</option>
+ attributes to <option
+>gpg-pubkey-</option
+> to make the complete
+ name of the key, in the form
+ <option
+>gpg-pubkey-Version_number-Release_number</option
+>. The
+ <command
+>rpm</command
+> identification for the Fedora Project public key
+ shown above is: <option
+>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</option
+>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you know the identification name of the key, use the
+ command <command
+>rpm <option
+>-e</option
+></command
+> to remove it.
+ To remove the Fedora Project public key shown above the exact command
+ would be:
+ </para>
+<screen
+>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm -e <replaceable>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username"
+>root</systemitem
+> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+ -->
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-clearance">
+ <title>Limpiando el caché de <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>limpiando el caché</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Por defecto, <command>yum</command> retiene los paquetes y archivos de datos de los paquetes que descarga para que éstos puedan ser usados en futuras operaciones sin tener que descargarlos de nuevo. Para limpiar los archivos de datos de los paquetes, utilice este comando:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum clean headers'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Ejecute este comando para remover todos los paquetes guardados en el caché:
+ </para>
+
+<screen><userinput>su -c 'yum clean packages'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Al utilizar estos comandos, introduzca la contraseña de la cuenta <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Al eliminar estos archivos será necesario descargarlos nuevamente la próxima vez que estos sean requeridos. Ésto incrementará el tiempo requerido para completar la operación.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server">
+ <title>Usando <command>yum</command> con un servidor Proxy</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>servidor proxy</primary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>uso con servidor proxy</secondary>
+
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ Por defecto, <command>yum</command>accede a los repositorios en la red a través de HTTP. Todas las operaciones HTTP de <command>yum</command> utilizan HTTP/1.1 y son compatibles con los servidores proxy de web que soportan este estándar. Usted puede asimismo acceder a repositorios FTP, y configurar <command>yum</command> para utilizar un servidor proxy FTP. El paquete <filename>squid</filename> proporciona un servicio de proxy tanto para conexiones HTTP/1.1 como para conexiones FTP.
+ </para>
+ <note> <title>Modificando <command>yum</command> para compatibilidad de red</title>
+ <para>
+ Consulte las páginas <command>man</command> de <filename>yum.conf</filename> para obtener información sobre la configuración HTTP que puede ser modificada por compatibilidad con los servidores proxy web no estándar. Alternativamente, configure <command>yum</command> para utilizar el servidor proxy FTP y acceder a los repositorios que soportan FTP. El repositorio de Fedora soporta tanto HTTP como FTP.
+ </para>
+ </note> <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-global">
+ <title>Configurando el acceso al servidor proxy</title>
+ <para>
+ Para permitir que todas las operaciones de <command>yum</command> utilicen un servidor proxy, especifique la información del servidor proxy en <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>. El parámetro <option>proxy</option> debe especificar el servidor proxy como una URL completa, incluyendo el número de puerto TCP. Si su servidor proxy requiere un nombre de usuario y contraseña, especifiquelos añadiendo los parámetros <option>proxy_username</option>, para el nombre, y <option>proxy_password</option> para la contraseña.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ La configuración siguiente activa <command>yum</command> para usar el servidor de proxy <systemitem class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>, conectándose al puerto 3128, con el nombre de usuario <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem> y la contraseña <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>.
+ </para>
+ <example id="config-file-httpproxy">
+ <title>Parámetros del archivo de configuración para utilizar un servidor proxy</title>
+
+<screen><computeroutput># The proxy server - proxy server:port number</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput># The account details for yum connections</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy_username=yum-user</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy_password=qwerty</computeroutput></screen>
+
+ </example>
+ <note>
+ <title>Parámetros globales</title>
+ <para>
+ Si usted define un servidor proxy en <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>, <emphasis>todos</emphasis> los usuarios se conectan a este servidor proxy con los detalles especificados cuando utilicen <command>yum</command>.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser">
+ <title>Configurando el acceso al servidor proxy para un único usuario</title>
+ <para>
+ Para activar el acceso a proxy a un usuario especÃfico, añada las lÃneas en la caja de ejemplo bajo el perfil de shell del usuario. Para la shell por defecto <command>bash</command>, el perfil es el archivo <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>. La configuración siguiente habilita el uso de <command>yum</command> con el servidor proxy <systemitem class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>, conectándose al puerto 3128.
+ </para>
+ <example id="profile-script-httpproxy">
+ <title>Configuración del perfil para utilizar un servidor proxy</title>
+
+<screen><computeroutput># The Web proxy server used by this account</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>http_proxy="http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>export http_proxy</computeroutput> </screen>
+
+ </example>
+ <para>
+ Si el servidor proxy requiere un nombre de usuario y contraseña, añádalas a la URL. Para incluir el nombre de usuario <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem> y la contraseña <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>, añada los parámetros:
+ </para>
+ <example id="profile-script-httpproxy-withpassword">
+ <title>Configuración del perfil para utilizar un servidor proxy seguro</title>
+
+<screen><computeroutput># The Web proxy server, with the username and password for this account</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>http_proxy="http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>export http_proxy</computeroutput> </screen>
+
+ </example>
+ <note>
+ <title>La variable de entorno <option>http_proxy</option></title>
+ <para>
+ La variable de entorno <command>http_proxy</command> es utilizada también por <command>curl</command> y otras aplicaciones. Aunque <command>yum</command> puede utilizar la variable <command>http_proxy</command> en mayúsculas o minúsculas, <command>curl</command> requiere que el nombre de la variable esté en minúsculas.
+ </para>
+
+ </note>
+
+ </section>
+
+
+ </section>
+
+ <!-- SE: This is at the end of the document, since it looks out of place in section 1 --> <section id="sn-acknowledgements">
+ <title>Reconocimiento </title>
+ <para>
+ Paul Frields editó este documento. Timothy Murphy revisó la versión beta. Traducido al español por Manuel Ospina.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <index id="generated-index" />
+</article>
+
diff --git a/es/yum-software-management-es.xml b/es/yum-software-management-es.xml
index c1477b3..808c934 100644
--- a/es/yum-software-management-es.xml
+++ b/es/yum-software-management-es.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//ES"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
-<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN SYSTEM "../../docs-common/common/fedora-entities-en.ent">
+<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN SYSTEM "../docs-common/common/fedora-entities-en.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN;
<!ENTITY DOCNAME "yum-software-management">
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
index 0026918..f05de7b 100644
--- a/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -1,263 +1,137 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2007-04-23 21:23+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2007-07-29 11:43+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2006-02-17 02:21+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2006-02-17 02:36+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL at ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL at li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:4(title)
-msgid "Local entities for Yum Tutorial"
-msgstr "Yum 教程自定义的实体"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:7(comment)
-msgid "Document name"
-msgstr "文档å"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:8(text)
-msgid "yum-software-management"
-msgstr "yum-software-management"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:11(comment)
-msgid "Version number"
-msgstr "版本å·"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:12(text)
-msgid "1.31"
-msgstr "1.31"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:15(comment)
-msgid "Date of last revision"
-msgstr "最近修订日期"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:16(text)
-msgid "2006-04-30"
-msgstr "2006-04-30"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:19(comment)
-msgid "Document ID"
-msgstr "文档 ID"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:20(text)
-msgid ""
-"<use entity=\"DOCNAME\"/>-<use entity=\"DOCVERSION\"/> (<use entity=\"DOCDATE"
-"\"/>)"
-msgstr ""
-"<use entity=\"DOCNAME\"/>-<use entity=\"DOCVERSION\"/> (<use entity=\"DOCDATE"
-"\"/>)"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:26(comment)
-msgid "Local version of Fedora Core for this document"
-msgstr "本文档对应的 Fedora 版本"
-
-#: en_US/doc-entities.xml:27(text)
-msgid "5"
-msgstr "5"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:17(rights)
-msgid "OPL"
-msgstr "OPL"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:18(version)
-msgid "1.0"
-msgstr "1.0"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:21(year)
-msgid "2006"
-msgstr "2006"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:22(holder)
-msgid "Stuart Ellis"
-msgstr "Stuart Ellis"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:24(title)
-msgid "Managing Software with yum"
-msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:25(desc)
-msgid "Documentation for the yum software management system."
-msgstr "Yum 软件管ç†ç³»ç»Ÿæ–‡æ¡£"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:32(details)
-msgid "Minor restructuring of sections."
-msgstr "å¯¹ç« èŠ‚çš„äº›è®¸è°ƒæ•´"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:36(details)
-msgid "Added sections on caching and plugins."
-msgstr "æ·»åŠ æœ‰å…³ç¼“å˜å’Œæ’ä»¶çš„ç« èŠ‚ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:40(details)
-msgid "Updated for Fedora 5."
-msgstr "为 Fedora 5 更新"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:44(details)
-msgid ""
-"Fixed some uses of \"Fedora\" to read \"Fedora Core\" where appropriate."
-msgstr "在æŸäº›åœ°æ–¹ä½¿ç”¨ \"Fedora Core\" 代替 \"Fedora\"。"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:48(details)
-msgid "Updated section on proxy servers. Fixed #166122."
-msgstr "更新代ç†æœåŠ¡ç›¸å…³å†…å®¹ï¼Œä¿®æ£ #166122。"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:52(details)
-msgid "Fix wording (#170584)."
-msgstr "ä¿®æ£ç”¨è¯ (#170584)。"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:56(details)
-msgid "Fix localinstall information."
-msgstr "ä¿®æ£æœ¬åœ°å®‰è£…的内容。"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:60(details)
-msgid ""
-"Added information on installing without repository and manually adding keys."
-msgstr "æ·»åŠ æœ‰å…³æ— ä»“åº“æ—¶çš„å®‰è£…å’Œæ‰‹åŠ¨æ·»åŠ å¯†é’¥çš„å†…å®¹ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:65(details)
-msgid "Publish to official project page."
-msgstr "æ£å¼å‘表于项目网站。"
-
-# ä¿®æ£æ ·å¼å’Œç”¨æ³•ï¼›å‘布 BETA。
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:69(details)
-msgid "Edited for style and usage; BETA publication."
-msgstr "ä¿®æ£æ ·å¼å’Œç”¨æ³•ï¼›å‘布 BETA。"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:73(details)
-msgid "Updated for Fedora Core 4."
-msgstr "为 Fedora Core 4 更新"
-
-#: en_US/rpm-info.xml:77(details)
-msgid "Initial import into CVS."
-msgstr "导入 CVS。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:18(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:23(title)
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "介ç»"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:21(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:26(title)
msgid "Purpose"
msgstr "目的"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:23(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:28(para)
msgid ""
-"This document presents basic concepts of software management on Fedora "
+"This document presents basic concepts of software management on &FED; "
"systems. It outlines the major functions of <command>yum</command>, the "
-"recommended software management tool for Fedora."
-msgstr "这份文档记述了 Fedora 系统ä¸è½¯ä»¶ç®¡ç†çš„基本内容。文档涵盖了 Fedora 推è使用的软件管ç†å·¥å…· <command>yum</command> 的主è¦åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚"
+"recommended software management tool for &FED;."
+msgstr ""
+"这份文档记述了 &FED; 系统ä¸è½¯ä»¶ç®¡ç†çš„基本内容。文档涵盖了 &FED; 推è"
+"使用的软件管ç†å·¥å…· <command>yum</command> 的主è¦åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:32(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:37(title)
msgid "Audience"
msgstr "读者"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:34(para)
-msgid "This document is intended for Fedora users of all levels of experience."
-msgstr "本文档适于程度ä¸åŒçš„所有 Fedora 用户。"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:39(para)
+msgid ""
+"This document is intended for &FED; users of all levels of experience."
+msgstr "本文档适于程度ä¸åŒçš„所有 &FED; 用户。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:41(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:46(title)
msgid "Using This Document"
msgstr "本文档的用法"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:43(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:48(para)
msgid ""
"This document is a reference for using <command>yum</command>. You may wish "
"to read some or all of the sections, depending upon your needs and level of "
-"experience. If you are a new user, read <xref linkend=\"sn-software-"
+"experience. If you are a new user, read the <xref linkend=\"sn-software-"
"management-concepts\"/> before using <command>yum</command> for the first "
"time. Experienced Linux users should start with <xref linkend=\"sn-managing-"
"packages\"/>."
-msgstr "本文档是使用 <command>yum</command> çš„å‚è€ƒã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©é˜…读或全文阅读，å–å†³äºŽä½ çš„éœ€æ±‚å’ŒæŽŒæ¡ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ æ˜¯æ–°ç”¨æˆ·ï¼Œå¯ä»¥åœ¨ç¬¬ä¸€æ¬¡ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 之å‰å…ˆé˜…读 <xref linkend=\"sn-software-management-concepts\"/>。有ç»éªŒçš„ Linux 用户å¯ä»¥ä»Ž <xref linkend=\"sn-managing-packages\"/> 开始。"
+msgstr ""
+"本文档是使用 <command>yum</command> çš„å‚考。您å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©é˜…读或全文阅读，å–决于"
+"您的需求和掌æ¡ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚如果您对系统还很陌生，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ç¬¬ä¸€æ¬¡ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</"
+"command> 之å‰å…ˆé˜…读 <xref linkend=\"sn-software-management-concepts\"/>。有ç»"
+"验的 Linux 用户å¯ä»¥ä»Ž <xref linkend=\"sn-managing-packages\"/> 开始。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:55(title)
-msgid "Previous Versions of Fedora"
-msgstr "过去版本的 Fedora"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:60(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:284(title)
+msgid "Previous Versions of &FC;"
+msgstr "过去版本的 &FC;"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:57(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:62(para)
msgid ""
-"This document describes the configuration of <command>yum</command> on "
-"current versions of Fedora. You must perform the additional step noted in "
+"This document describes the configuration of <command>yum</command> on &"
+"FC; &FCLOCALVER; systems. You must perform the additional step noted in "
"<xref linkend=\"sn-authorizing-package-sources\"/> to enable <command>yum</"
-"command> on Fedora 3."
-msgstr "本文档æè¿°çš„ <command>yum</command> çš„é…置适用于当å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ Fedora 系统。在 Fedora Core 3 ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨å¿…须按照 <xref linkend=\"sn-authorizing-package-sources\"/> 多åšä¸€æ¥æ‰èƒ½å¯ç”¨ <command>yum</command>。"
+"command> on &FC; 3."
+msgstr ""
+"本文档æè¿°çš„ <command>yum</command> çš„é…置适用于 &FC; &FCLOCALVER; ç³»"
+"统。在 &FC; 3 ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨å¿…须按照 <xref linkend=\"sn-authorizing-package-"
+"sources\"/> ä¸çš„æ¥éª¤æ‰èƒ½å¯ç”¨ <command>yum</command>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:66(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:71(para)
msgid ""
"Most of the examples in this document use the package <filename>tsclient</"
-"filename>, which is included with Fedora. The <filename>tsclient</filename> "
-"package provides an application for remote desktop access. If you install it "
-"successfully you may start the application by choosing "
+"filename>, which is included with &FC;. The <filename>tsclient</"
+"filename> package provides an application for remote desktop access. If you "
+"install it successfully you may start the application by choosing "
"<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</"
"guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal Server Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. "
"To use the examples, substitute the name of the relevant package for "
-"<filename>tsclient</filename>. The example commands for Fedora package "
+"<filename>tsclient</filename>. The example commands for &FED; package "
"groups use the <filename>MySQL Database</filename> group."
-msgstr "本文档ä¸å¤§å¤šæ•°èŒƒä¾‹ä½¿ç”¨äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ… <filename>tsclient</filename>，它包å«åœ¨ Fedora 里é¢ã€‚<filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包æ供了一个用于远程桌é¢è¿žæŽ¥çš„应用程åºã€‚如果您æˆåŠŸå®‰è£…了它，å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©èœå• <menuchoice><guimenu>应用程åº</guimenu><guisubmenu>互è”网</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>终端æœåŠ¡å®¢æˆ·ç«¯</guimenuitem></menuchoice> æ¥è¿è¡Œå®ƒã€‚è¦åº”用这些例å，åªè¦æŠŠ <filename>tsclient</filename> 替æ¢ä¸ºç›¸å…³çš„软件包å称。Fedora 软件组的æ“作范例使用了 <filename>MySQL Database</filename> 组。"
+msgstr ""
+"本文档ä¸å¤§å¤šæ•°èŒƒä¾‹ä½¿ç”¨äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ… <filename>tsclient</filename>，它包å«åœ¨ &"
+"FC; 里é¢ã€‚<filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包æ供了一个用于远程桌é¢è¿žæŽ¥çš„应"
+"用程åºã€‚如果您æˆåŠŸå®‰è£…了它，å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©èœå• <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</"
+"guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal Server "
+"Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice> æ¥è¿è¡Œå®ƒã€‚è¦åº”用这些例å，åªè¦æŠŠ "
+"<filename>tsclient</filename> 替æ¢ä¸ºç›¸å…³çš„软件包å称。&FED; 软件组的æ“作"
+"范例使用了 <filename>MySQL Database</filename> 组。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:81(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:86(title)
msgid "Avoid Logging in with the Root Account"
msgstr "é¿å…以 root å¸å·ç™»å½•"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:83(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:88(para)
msgid ""
"You do not need to log in with the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</"
-"systemitem> account in order to manage your Fedora system. All of the "
+"systemitem> account in order to manage your &FED; system. All of the "
"commands shown in this tutorial that require <systemitem class=\"username"
"\">root</systemitem> access will prompt you for the <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> password. The example terminal commands use "
"<command>su <option>-c</option></command> to provide this facility."
-msgstr "您ä¸éœ€è¦ä»¥ <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 登录æ¥ç®¡ç†æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统。本文档ä¸åŒ…å«çš„æ“ä½œï¼Œå¦‚æžœéœ€è¦ <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> æƒé™ï¼Œä¼šæ示您输入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。示例使用 <command>su <option>-c</option></command> 命令实现了这ç§åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:96(para)
-msgid ""
-"Fedora includes a <command>yum</command> configuration that is suitable for "
-"independent systems with Internet access. You may use <command>yum</command> "
-"and related software on such systems without any additional configuration."
-msgstr "Fedora 包å«äº†ä¸€ä»½ <command>yum</command> é…置文件，适åˆç‹¬ç«‹æœ‰äº’è”ç½‘è¿žæŽ¥çš„ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥åœ¨è¿™æ ·çš„系统上使用 <command>yum</command> 和相关软件，ä¸éœ€å…¶ä»–é…置。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:103(para)
-msgid ""
-"If your system is part of a managed network, consult your network "
-"administrators for advice. You may need to configure <command>yum</command> "
-"to use a network proxy server. <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-proxy-server\"/> "
-"explains how to configure <command>yum</command> to use a proxy server. "
-"Administrators may also suggest or require that <command>yum</command> "
-"clients use specific package repositories. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-using-"
-"repositories\"/> for instructions on how to configure access to repositories."
-msgstr "å¦‚æžœä½ çš„ç³»ç»Ÿæ˜¯å—管制的网络的一部分，应å‘ç½‘ç®¡æ±‚åŠ©ã€‚ä½ å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ã€‚<xref linkend=\"sn-yum-proxy-server\"/> 解释了如何é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ã€‚网管å¯èƒ½ä¼šè¦æ±‚ <command>yum</command> 必须使用特定的软件包仓库。请å‚考 <xref linkend=\"sn-using-repositories\"/> ä¸é…置仓库的æ¥éª¤ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:115(para)
-msgid ""
-"To improve performance and enable disconnected operations, activate the "
-"<command>yum</command> caches on your system. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-"
-"yum-caching\"/> for more information on the caching option."
-msgstr "为æå‡æ€§èƒ½ï¼Œå…许离线æ“作，应打开 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜ã€‚请å‚考 <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-caching\"/> 关于缓å˜çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚"
+msgstr ""
+"您ä¸éœ€è¦ä»¥ <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 登录，ä»ç„¶å¯ä»¥ç®¡"
+"ç†æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统。本文档ä¸åŒ…å«çš„æ“ä½œï¼Œå¦‚æžœéœ€è¦ <systemitem class="
+"\"username\">root</systemitem> æƒé™ï¼Œä¼šæ示您输入 <systemitem class="
+"\"username\">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。示例使用 <command>su <option>-c</"
+"option></command> 命令实现了这ç§åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:124(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:103(title)
msgid "Additional Resources"
msgstr "é™„åŠ èµ„æº"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:126(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:130(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:145(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:149(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:605(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1101(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1864(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1908(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1946(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:105(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:109(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:124(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:128(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:603(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1096(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1565(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1603(primary)
msgid "yum"
msgstr "yum"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:127(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:106(secondary)
msgid "documentation"
msgstr "文档"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:131(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:110(secondary)
msgid "man pages"
msgstr "手册页"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:133(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:112(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> utility has features and options not discussed in "
"this document. Read the <command>man</command> pages for <command>yum(8)</"
@@ -268,7 +142,7 @@ msgstr ""
"<command>man</command> 手册页的 <command>yum(8)</command> 和 <filename>yum."
"conf(5)</filename> æ¥å¦ä¹ 它们，åªè¦è¿™æ ·ï¼š"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:141(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:120(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"man yum\n"
@@ -277,80 +151,85 @@ msgstr ""
"man yum\n"
"man yum.conf"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:146(secondary)
-msgid "Web sites"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:125(secondary)
+msgid "web sites"
msgstr "网站"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:150(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:129(secondary)
msgid "mailing lists"
msgstr "邮件列表"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:152(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:131(para)
msgid "Other useful <command>yum</command> resources on the Internet include:"
msgstr "互è”网上其他有用的 <command>yum</command> 资æºè¿˜æœ‰ï¼š"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:159(term)
-msgid "Project Web site"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:138(term)
+msgid "Project web site"
msgstr "项目网站"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:170(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:149(term)
msgid "Users mailing list"
msgstr "用户的邮件列表"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:181(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:160(term)
msgid "Development mailing list"
msgstr "å¼€å‘的邮件列表"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:192(title)
-msgid "Check Bugzilla First"
-msgstr "请先查阅 Bugzilla"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:171(title)
+msgid "Check &BZ; First"
+msgstr "请先查阅 &BZ;"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:193(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:172(para)
msgid ""
-"If you encounter a persistent error with a specific operation, visit <ulink "
-"url=\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com\"/> and review the bug reports for the "
-"package or packages involved. An error in a package may cause all "
-"<command>yum</command> operations that rely on that package to fail. Please "
-"file bug reports for Fedora packages, including <command>yum</command>, on "
-"this Bugzilla web site."
-msgstr "如果您的æŸä¸ªæ“作总是产生错误，请查阅 <ulink url=\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com\"/> 并å‚考相关软件包的错误报告。æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…出错å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´ä¾èµ–于这个软件包的所有 <command>yum</command> æ“作失败。请在 Bugzilla 网站上æ交相关 Fedora 软件包，包括 <command>yum</command> 的错误报告。"
+"If you encounter a persistent error with a specific operation, visit &BZ-"
+"URL; and review the bug reports for the package or packages involved. An "
+"error in a package may cause all <command>yum</command> operations that rely "
+"on that package to fail. Please file bug reports for &FED; packages, "
+"including <command>yum</command>, on this &BZ; web site."
+msgstr ""
+"如果您的æŸä¸ªæ“作总是产生错误，请查阅 &BZ-URL; 并å‚考相关软件包的错误报"
+"告。æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…出错å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´ä¾èµ–于这个软件包的所有 <command>yum</command> æ“作"
+"失败。请在 &BZ; 网站上æ交相关 &FED; 软件包的错误报告。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:206(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:185(title)
msgid "Software Management Concepts"
msgstr "软件管ç†æ¦‚念"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:209(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:188(title)
msgid "About Packages"
msgstr "关于软件包"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:211(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:405(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:409(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:947(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1292(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1766(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:190(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:395(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:399(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:934(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1300(primary)
msgid "packages"
msgstr "软件包"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:212(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:250(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:327(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:378(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:191(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:229(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:317(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:368(secondary)
msgid "defined"
msgstr "定义"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:214(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:193(para)
msgid ""
-"Fedora software and documentation is supplied in the form of files called "
+"&FED; software and documentation is supplied in the form of files called "
"RPM <firstterm>packages</firstterm>. Each package is a compressed archive "
"containing product information, program files, icons, documentation and "
"management scripts. Management applications use these files to safely "
-"locate, install, update and remove software. For example, the Fedora "
-"installation process uses the packages supplied with Fedora to build or "
+"locate, install, update and remove software. For example, the &FED; "
+"installation process uses the packages supplied with &FC; to build or "
"upgrade a system to your requirements."
-msgstr "Fedora 的软件和文档以一ç§ç§°ä¸º RPM <firstterm>软件包</firstterm> çš„æ–¹å¼æ供。æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…是一个压缩的文档，包å«äº†å†…容信æ¯ï¼Œåº”用程åºæ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œå›¾æ ‡ï¼Œæ–‡æ¡£å’Œç”¨ä½œç®¡ç†çš„脚本。管ç†ç¨‹åºåˆ©ç”¨è¿™äº›å†…容æ¥å®‰å…¨åœ°å®šä½ã€å®‰è£…å’Œå¸è½½è½¯ä»¶ã€‚例如，Fedora å®‰è£…è¿‡ç¨‹ä½¿ç”¨éš Fedora 附带的软件包æ¥æž„建或å‡çº§ç¬¦åˆæ‚¨éœ€è¦çš„系统。"
+msgstr ""
+"&FED; 的软件和文档以一ç§ç§°ä¸º RPM <firstterm>软件包</firstterm> 的文件方å¼"
+"æ供。æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…是一个压缩的文档，包å«äº†å†…容信æ¯ï¼Œåº”用程åºæ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œå›¾æ ‡ï¼Œæ–‡æ¡£å’Œ"
+"用作管ç†çš„脚本。管ç†ç¨‹åºåˆ©ç”¨è¿™äº›å†…容æ¥å®‰å…¨åœ°å®šä½ã€å®‰è£…å’Œå¸è½½è½¯ä»¶ã€‚例如，&"
+"FED; å®‰è£…è¿‡ç¨‹ä½¿ç”¨éš &FC; 附带的软件包æ¥æž„建或å‡çº§ç¬¦åˆæ‚¨éœ€è¦çš„系统。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:225(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:204(para)
msgid ""
"Packages also include a digital signature to prove their source. Software "
"management utilities verify this digital signature by using a GPG "
@@ -364,115 +243,146 @@ msgstr ""
"command> 工具共享åŒä¸€ä¸ª <firstterm>keyring</firstterm>，它ä¿å˜äº†æ‰€æœ‰æœ‰ä¿éšœçš„"
"软件包æ¥æºçš„公钥。系统管ç†å‘˜å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©æ·»åŠ 这些有ä¿éšœçš„软件包æ¥æºã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:236(title)
-msgid "All Fedora Packages are Open Source Software"
-msgstr "Fedora 的所有软件包都是开æºè½¯ä»¶"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:215(title)
+msgid "All &FED; Packages are Open Source Software"
+msgstr "&FED; 的所有软件包都是开æºè½¯ä»¶"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:238(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:217(para)
msgid ""
-"All of the software provided by the Fedora Project is open source software. "
-"You may download and install Fedora packages on as many systems as desired."
-msgstr "Fedora 项目æ供的所有软件都是开æºè½¯ä»¶ã€‚您å¯ä»¥ä¸‹è½½å’Œå®‰è£… Fedora 的软件包到任æ„多的系统ä¸ã€‚"
+"All of the software provided by the &FP; is open source software. You "
+"may download and install &FED; packages on as many systems as desired."
+msgstr ""
+"&FP; æ供的所有软件都是开æºè½¯ä»¶ã€‚您å¯ä»¥ä¸‹è½½ &FED; 的软件包并安装到任"
+"æ„多的系统ä¸ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:247(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:226(title)
msgid "About Repositories"
msgstr "关于仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:249(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1161(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1201(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1296(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1354(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1358(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:228(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1156(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1196(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1304(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1448(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1452(primary)
msgid "repositories"
msgstr "仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:252(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:231(para)
msgid ""
-"A <firstterm>repository</firstterm> is a prepared directory or Web site that "
+"A <firstterm>repository</firstterm> is a prepared directory or web site that "
"contains software packages and index files. Software management utilities "
"such as <command>yum</command> automatically locate and obtain the correct "
"RPM packages from these repositories. This method frees you from having to "
"manually find and install new applications or updates. You may use a single "
"command to update all system software, or search for new software by "
"specifying criteria."
-msgstr "<firstterm>仓库</firstterm> 是一个预备好的目录，或是一个网站，包å«äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…和索引文件。软件管ç†å·¥å…·ï¼Œç±»ä¼¼ <command>yum</command>，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»“库ä¸è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°å®šä½å¹¶èŽ·å–æ£ç¡®çš„ RPM è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±ä¸å¿…手动æœç´¢å’Œå®‰è£…新应用程åºå’Œå‡çº§è¡¥ä¸äº†ã€‚åªç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±å¯ä»¥æ›´æ–°ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šæœç´¢ç›®æ ‡æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾æ–°è½¯ä»¶ã€‚"
+msgstr ""
+"<firstterm>仓库</firstterm> 是一个预备好的目录，或是一个网站，包å«äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å’Œ"
+"索引文件。软件管ç†å·¥å…·ï¼Œç±»ä¼¼ <command>yum</command>，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»“库ä¸è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°å®šä½å¹¶"
+"获å–æ£ç¡®çš„ RPM è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±ä¸å¿…手动æœç´¢å’Œå®‰è£…新应用程åºå’Œå‡çº§è¡¥ä¸äº†ã€‚åª"
+"用一个命令，您就å¯ä»¥æ›´æ–°ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥æ ¹æ®æŒ‡å®šæœç´¢ç›®æ ‡æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾å®‰è£…新软"
+"件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:263(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:242(para)
msgid ""
-"A network of servers provide several repositories for each version of "
-"Fedora. The package management utilities in Fedora are already configured to "
+"A network of servers provide several repositories for each version of &"
+"FC;. The package management utilities in &FC; are already configured to "
"use three of these repositories:"
-msgstr "有一系列的æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ Fedora 分别æ供了一些仓库。Fedora ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·å·²ç»é¢„å…ˆé…置为使用下列三个仓库："
+msgstr ""
+"有一系列的æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ &FC; 分别æ供了一些仓库。&FC; ä¸çš„软件"
+"管ç†å·¥å…·å·²ç»é¢„å…ˆé…置为使用下列三个仓库："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:271(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:250(term)
msgid "Base"
msgstr "Base"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:275(para)
-msgid "The packages that make up a Fedora release, as it is on disc"
-msgstr "æž„æˆ Fedora 的软件包，和光盘上内容相åŒ"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:254(para)
+msgid "The packages that make up a &FC; release, as it is on disc"
+msgstr "æž„æˆ &FC; 的软件包，和光盘上内容相åŒ"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:282(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:261(term)
msgid "Updates"
msgstr "Updates"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:286(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:265(para)
msgid "Updated versions of packages that are provided in Base"
msgstr "Base 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶åŒ…的更新版本"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:293(term)
-msgid "Extras"
-msgstr "Extras"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:272(term)
+msgid "&EX;"
+msgstr "&EX;"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:297(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:276(para)
msgid "Packages for a large selection of additional software"
msgstr "ä¸€å¤§æ‰¹é™„åŠ çš„è½¯ä»¶åŒ…"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:305(title)
-msgid "Fedora Development Repositories"
-msgstr "Fedora å¼€å‘仓库"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:286(para)
+msgid ""
+"&FC; &FCLOCALVER; automatically supports the three repositories "
+"listed above. You must manually configure &FC; 3 systems to use &"
+"FEX;, as noted in <xref linkend=\"sn-using-repositories\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+"&FC; &FCLOCALVER; 自动地支æŒè¿™ä¸‰ä¸ªä»“库。如果是 &FC; 3 系统，您必"
+"须手动调整æ‰èƒ½ä½¿ç”¨ &FEX;，å¯ä»¥æŒ‰ç…§ <xref linkend=\"sn-using-repositories"
+"\"/> æ¥åšã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:307(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:295(title)
+msgid "&FED; Development Repositories"
+msgstr "&FED; å¼€å‘仓库"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:297(para)
msgid ""
-"Fedora also includes settings for several alternative repositories. These "
+"&FC; also includes settings for several alternative repositories. These "
"provide packages for various types of test system, and replace one or more "
"of the standard repositories. Only enable support for one of the following "
-"repositories if you test or develop Fedora software: <filename>fedora-devel</"
-"filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, and "
+"repositories if you test or develop &FED; software: <filename>fedora-"
+"devel</filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, and "
"<filename>updates-testing</filename>."
-msgstr "Fedora 也包å«äº†å‡ 个å¯é€‰çš„仓库设置。它们æ供测试的软件包，å¯ä»¥å–ä»£ä¸€ä¸ªæˆ–å¤šä¸ªæ ‡å‡†çš„ä»“åº“ã€‚åªæœ‰å½“æ‚¨æ‰“ç®—æµ‹è¯•å’Œå¼€å‘ Fedora 软件时，æ‰åº”当å¯ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼š<filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, å’Œ <filename>updates-testing</filename>。"
+msgstr ""
+"&FC; 也包å«äº†å‡ 个å¯é€‰çš„仓库设置。它们æ供测试的软件包，å¯ä»¥å–代一个或多个"
+"æ ‡å‡†çš„ä»“åº“ã€‚åªæœ‰å½“æ‚¨æ‰“ç®—æµ‹è¯•å’Œå¼€å‘ &FED; 软件时，æ‰åº”当å¯ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼š"
+"<filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</"
+"filename>, 和 <filename>updates-testing</filename>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:319(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:309(para)
msgid ""
-"Third-party software developers also provide repositories for their Fedora "
-"compatible packages. To learn how to configure your Fedora system to use "
-"third-party repositories, read <xref linkend=\"sn-using-repositories\"/>."
-msgstr "第三方软件开å‘者通常也使用仓库，æ¥æ供自己软件的 Fedora 版本。è¦å¦ä¹ 如何é…置自己的 Fedora 系统æ¥ä½¿ç”¨ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹ä»“库，å¯ä»¥é˜…读 <xref linkend=\"sn-using-repositories\"/>。"
+"Third-party software developers also provide repositories for their &"
+"FED; compatible packages. To learn how to configure your &FED; system to "
+"use third-party repositories, read <xref linkend=\"sn-using-repositories\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+"第三方软件开å‘者通常也使用仓库，æ¥æ供自己软件的 &FED; 版本。è¦å¦ä¹ 如何é…"
+"置自己的 &FED; 系统æ¥ä½¿ç”¨ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹ä»“库，å¯ä»¥é˜…读 <xref linkend=\"sn-using-"
+"repositories\"/>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:326(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:316(primary)
msgid "package groups"
msgstr "软件组"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:329(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:319(para)
msgid ""
"You may also use the <firstterm>package groups</firstterm> provided by the "
-"Fedora repositories to manage related packages as sets. Some third-party "
+"&FED; repositories to manage related packages as sets. Some third-party "
"repositories add packages to these groups, or provide their packages as "
"additional groups."
-msgstr "您å¯ä»¥ç”¨ Fedora 仓库æ供的 <firstterm>软件组</firstterm> æ¥ç®¡ç†ç›¸å…³çš„软件包集åˆã€‚第三方仓库å¯ä»¥å‘这些组ä¸æ·»åŠ 软件包，也å¯ä»¥å°†è‡ªå·±çš„软件包放在新的组ä¸ã€‚"
+msgstr ""
+"您å¯ä»¥ç”¨ &FED; 仓库æ供的 <firstterm>软件组</firstterm> æ¥ç®¡ç†ç›¸å…³çš„软件"
+"包集åˆã€‚第三方仓库å¯ä»¥å‘这些组ä¸æ·»åŠ 软件包，也å¯ä»¥å°†è‡ªå·±çš„软件包放在新的组"
+"ä¸ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:338(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:328(title)
msgid "Available Package Groups"
msgstr "现有的软件组"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:340(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:330(para)
msgid ""
-"To view a list of all of the available package groups for your Fedora "
+"To view a list of all of the available package groups for your &FED; "
"system, run the command <command>su -c 'yum grouplist'</command>."
-msgstr "è¦æŸ¥çœ‹æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰å¯ç”¨çš„软件组，è¿è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ <command>su -c 'yum grouplist'</command>。"
+msgstr ""
+"è¦æŸ¥çœ‹æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰å¯ç”¨çš„软件组，è¿è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ <command>su -c 'yum "
+"grouplist'</command>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:347(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:337(para)
msgid ""
"Use repositories to ensure that you always receive current versions of "
"software. If several versions of the same package are available, your "
@@ -481,19 +391,21 @@ msgstr ""
"使用仓库æ¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨æ€»æ˜¯ç”¨ç€è½¯ä»¶çš„最新版。如果仓库ä¸æ供了æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…的多个版本，"
"管ç†å·¥å…·ä¼šè‡ªåŠ¨é€‰æ‹©æœ€æ–°çš„那个。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:355(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:345(title)
msgid "Installing Software not from a Repository"
msgstr "安装软件，但ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ä»“库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:357(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:347(para)
msgid ""
"Install software using manual methods only when you are confident there is "
"no repository which can currently provide it. You may have to manage that "
-"software with manual methods, instead of with Fedora software management "
+"software with manual methods, instead of with &FED; software management "
"utilities."
-msgstr "如果您确信，没有任何一个仓库æ供了您需è¦çš„æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå†å°è¯•æ‰‹åŠ¨å®‰è£…它。您å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ç®¡ç†è¿™ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œæ— æ³•åº”ç”¨ Fedora 软件包管ç†å·¥å…·ã€‚"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您确信，没有任何一个仓库æ供了您需è¦çš„æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå†å°è¯•æ‰‹åŠ¨å®‰è£…它。您"
+"å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ç®¡ç†è¿™ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œæ— æ³•åº”ç”¨ &FED; 软件包管ç†å·¥å…·ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:364(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:354(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> commands shown in this document use repositories "
"as package sources. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-installing-frompackage\"/"
@@ -504,25 +416,29 @@ msgstr ""
"<command>yum</command> 从一个软件包文件æ¥å®‰è£…软件，å¯ä»¥å‚考 <xref linkend="
"\"sn-yum-installing-frompackage\"/>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:375(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:365(title)
msgid "About Dependencies"
msgstr "关于ä¾èµ–关系"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:377(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:367(primary)
msgid "dependencies"
msgstr "ä¾èµ–关系"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:380(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:370(para)
msgid ""
-"Some of the files installed on a Fedora distribution are "
+"Some of the files installed on a &FED; distribution are "
"<firstterm>libraries</firstterm> which may provide functions to multiple "
"applications. When an application requires a specific library, the package "
"which contains that library is a <firstterm>dependency</firstterm>. To "
-"properly install a package, Fedora must first satisfy its dependencies. The "
-"dependency information for a RPM package is stored within the RPM file."
-msgstr "Fedora å‘行版ä¸å®‰è£…çš„æŸäº›æ–‡ä»¶å±žäºŽ <firstterm>库</firstterm>，它为多个应用程åºæ供功能。如果一个应用程åºéœ€è¦æŸä¸ªç‰¹å®šçš„库，那么这个库就是一个 <firstterm>ä¾èµ–</firstterm>。è¦æ£å¸¸åœ°å®‰è£…一个软件包，Fedora 必须首先满足它的ä¾èµ–关系。一个 RPM 软件包的ä¾èµ–ä¿¡æ¯å‚¨å˜åœ¨è¿™ä¸ª RPM 文件ä¸ã€‚"
+"properly install a package, &FED; must first satisfy its dependencies. "
+"The dependency information for a RPM package is stored within the RPM file."
+msgstr ""
+"&FED; å‘行版ä¸å®‰è£…çš„æŸäº›æ–‡ä»¶å±žäºŽ <firstterm>库</firstterm>，它为多个应用"
+"程åºæ供功能。如果一个应用程åºéœ€è¦æŸä¸ªç‰¹å®šçš„库，那么这个库就是一个 "
+"<firstterm>ä¾èµ–</firstterm>。è¦æ£å¸¸åœ°å®‰è£…一个软件包，&FED; 必须首先满足它"
+"çš„ä¾èµ–关系。一个 RPM 软件包的ä¾èµ–ä¿¡æ¯å‚¨å˜åœ¨è¿™ä¸ª RPM 文件ä¸ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:391(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:381(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> utility uses package dependency data to ensure "
"that all of requirements for an application are met during installation. It "
@@ -536,19 +452,19 @@ msgstr ""
"的应用程åºçš„è¦æ±‚与现有的软件冲çªï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 会放弃，ä¸å¯¹ç³»ç»Ÿåšä»»"
"何修改。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:403(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:393(title)
msgid "Understanding Package Names"
msgstr "ç†è§£è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å称"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:406(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:396(secondary)
msgid "hardware compatibility"
msgstr "硬件兼容性"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:410(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:400(secondary)
msgid "naming"
msgstr "命å"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:412(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:402(para)
msgid ""
"Each package file has a long name that indicates several key pieces of "
"information. For example, this is the full name of a <filename>tsclient</"
@@ -557,32 +473,32 @@ msgstr ""
"æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…文件都有一个很长的åå—，包å«äº†å‡ 个最é‡è¦çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚例如，这就是 &"
"FC; ä¸ <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包的全å："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:418(filename)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:408(filename)
msgid "tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm"
msgstr "tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:420(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:410(para)
msgid ""
"Management utilities commonly refer to packages with one of three formats:"
msgstr "管ç†å·¥å…·å¤„ç†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…时，通常使用如下三ç§æ ¼å¼ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼š"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:427(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:417(para)
msgid "Package name: <filename>tsclient</filename>"
msgstr "软件包å称：<filename>tsclient</filename>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:432(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:422(para)
msgid ""
"Package name with version and release numbers: <filename>tsclient-0.132-6</"
"filename>"
msgstr ""
"带有版本å·å’Œå‘行版本的软件包å称：<filename>tsclient-0.132-6</filename>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:441(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:431(para)
msgid ""
"Package name with hardware architecture: <filename>tsclient.i386</filename>"
msgstr "带有硬件架构的软件包å称：<filename>tsclient.i386</filename>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:448(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:438(para)
msgid ""
"For clarity, <command>yum</command> lists packages in the format "
"<filename>name.architecture</filename>. Repositories also commonly store "
@@ -594,39 +510,39 @@ msgstr ""
"æ¥åˆ—出软件包。仓库通常也将软件包å˜å‚¨åœ¨ä»¥æž¶æž„区分的目录ä¸ã€‚æ¯æ¬¡ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶åŒ…指定架"
"构的时候，实际指定的是æ¤è½¯ä»¶å¯¹æœºå™¨æž¶æž„çš„ <emphasis>最低</emphasis> è¦æ±‚。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:459(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:449(term)
msgid "i386"
msgstr "i386"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:463(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:453(para)
msgid "Suitable for any current Intel-compatible computer"
msgstr "适于任何现有的 Intel 兼容计算机"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:470(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:460(term)
msgid "noarch"
msgstr "noarch"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:474(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:464(para)
msgid "Compatible with all computer architectures"
msgstr "适于所有架构"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:481(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:471(term)
msgid "ppc"
msgstr "ppc"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:485(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:475(para)
msgid "Suitable for PowerPC systems, such as Apple Power Macintosh"
msgstr "适于 PowerPC 系统，例如 Apple Power Macintosh"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:493(term)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:483(term)
msgid "x86_64"
msgstr "x86_64"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:497(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:487(para)
msgid "Suitable for 64-bit Intel-compatible processors, such as Opterons"
msgstr "适于 64 ä½ Intel 处ç†å™¨ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚ Opterons"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:505(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:495(para)
msgid ""
"Some software may be optimized for particular types of Intel-compatible "
"machine. Separate packages may be provided for <option>i386</option>, "
@@ -642,7 +558,7 @@ msgstr ""
"å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <option>i586</option> 软件包。如果机器ä¸æœ‰ Intel 高能奔腾或更强劲的"
"处ç†å™¨ï¼Œæˆ–是有时兴的 AMD 处ç†å™¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <option>i686</option> 软件包。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:516(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:506(para)
msgid ""
"Use the short name of the package for <command>yum</command> commands. This "
"causes <command>yum</command> to automatically select the most recent "
@@ -652,7 +568,7 @@ msgstr ""
"在 <command>yum</command> 的命令行ä¸ï¼Œåº”当使用软件包的çŸå称。<command>yum</"
"command> 会自动在符åˆæ‚¨çš„机器架构的仓库ä¸ï¼Œé€‰æ‹©ç‰ˆæœ¬æœ€æ–°çš„软件包。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:523(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:513(para)
msgid ""
"Specify a package with other name formats to override the default behavior "
"and force <command>yum</command> to use the package that matches that "
@@ -664,11 +580,11 @@ msgstr ""
"指定版本或架构的软件包。åªæœ‰å½“您知é“默认选择有问题，ä¸é€‚宜安装时æ‰åº”å½“è¿™æ ·"
"åšã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:532(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:522(title)
msgid "Package Names"
msgstr "软件包å称"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:533(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:523(para)
msgid ""
"You may use any of the following formats to specify a package in a "
"<command>yum</command> operation: <replaceable>name</replaceable>, "
@@ -684,98 +600,125 @@ msgstr ""
"architecture</replaceable>, 和 <replaceable>epoch:name-version-release."
"architecture</replaceable>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:549(title)
-msgid "Software Management Tools in Fedora"
-msgstr "Fedora ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:539(title)
+msgid "Software Management Tools in &FC;"
+msgstr "&FC; ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:551(primary)
-msgid "Add/Remove Software utility"
-msgstr "æ·»åŠ /åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶å·¥å…·"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:541(primary)
+msgid "Add/Remove Applications utility"
+msgstr "æ·»åŠ /移除应用程åºå·¥å…·"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:554(primary)
-msgid "Software Updater utility"
-msgstr "软件更新工具"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:544(primary)
+msgid "Alert Icon"
+msgstr "è¦å‘Šå›¾æ ‡"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:557(primary)
-msgid "rpm utility"
-msgstr "rpm 工具"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:547(primary)
+msgid "up2date"
+msgstr "up2date"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:559(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:549(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> utility is a complete software management system. "
-"Fedora also includes two graphical applications for software management that "
-"use <command>yum</command>. The <application>pup</application> utility "
-"provides an interface for updating software, and the <application>pirut</"
-"application> application enables you to add or remove software."
-msgstr "<command>yum</command> 工具是完整的软件包管ç†ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚Fedora 也包å«äº†ä¸¤ä¸ªå›¾å½¢åŒ–程åºä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…。<application>pup</application> 工具æ供了更新软件包的接å£ï¼Œè€Œ <application>pirut</application> 应用程åºæ˜¯æ·»åŠ æˆ–åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶åŒ…çš„æŽ¥å£ã€‚"
+"&FC; also includes several other applications that can supplement "
+"<command>yum</command>."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>yum</command> 工具是一个完整的软件管ç†ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚&FC; 也包å«å…¶ä»–å‡ ä¸ª"
+"应用程åºï¼Œä½œä¸º <command>yum</command> 的补充。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:568(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:555(para)
msgid ""
-"Both graphical tools appear in the <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> desktop "
-"menu. To update your system with <application>pup</application>, select "
-"<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Tools</"
-"guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Software Updater</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. To add "
-"or remove software with <application>pirut</application>, select "
-"<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Software</"
-"guimenuitem></menuchoice>."
-msgstr "这两个工具å¯ä»¥åœ¨ <guimenu>Applications</guimenu> èœå•ä¸æ‰¾åˆ°ã€‚è¦ç”¨ <application>pup</application> 更新系统，选择 <menuchoice><guimenu>应用程åº</guimenu><guisubmenu>系统工具</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>软件包更新程åº</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。è¦ç”¨ <application>pirut</application> æ·»åŠ æˆ–åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œè¿è¡Œ <menuchoice><guimenu>应用程åº</guimenu><guimenuitem>æ·»åŠ /åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。"
+"On your desktop is an <application>Alert Icon</application> that keeps you "
+"informed about package updates. Until your system is updated the icon "
+"appears as a red circle with a flashing exclamation mark. The Alert Icon is "
+"part of the <application>up2date</application> application, which enables "
+"you to easily install system updates."
+msgstr ""
+"您的桌é¢ä¸Šæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ª <application>Alert Icon</application>，当软件包有更新时它会"
+"通知您。如果您的系统ä¸æ˜¯æœ€æ–°çš„ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªå›¾æ ‡å°±æ˜¾ç¤ºä¸ºå¸¦æœ‰é—ªçƒçš„æ„Ÿå¹å·çš„红色圆圈。"
+"è¦å‘Šå›¾æ ‡æ˜¯ <application>up2date</application> 的一部分，它让您å¯ä»¥ç®€å•åœ°æ›´æ–°"
+"系统。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:580(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:564(para)
+msgid ""
+"&FC; also includes <application>system-config-packages</application>. To "
+"run this application from the graphical interface, select "
+"<menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</"
+"guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. "
+"Unlike <application>up2date</application> and <command>yum</command>, "
+"<application>system-config-packages</application> installs software packages "
+"from your &FC; installation discs only, and does not use repositories. "
+"This application is used on systems that do not have a network connection."
+msgstr ""
+"&FC; 也包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ª <application>system-config-packages</application> å·¥"
+"具。è¦åœ¨å›¾å½¢ç•Œé¢è¿è¡Œè¿™ä¸ªåº”用程åºï¼Œä»Žèœå•ä¸é€‰æ‹© <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</"
+"guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove "
+"Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。与 <application>up2date</"
+"application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> ä¸åŒï¼Œ<application>system-config-"
+"packages</application> åªèƒ½åˆ©ç”¨ &FC; 安装光盘ä¸å®‰è£…è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œæ— æ³•ä½¿ç”¨ä»“åº“ã€‚è¿™"
+"个应用程åºç”¨äºŽç³»ç»Ÿè¿˜æ²¡æœ‰ç½‘络连接的时候。"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:578(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>rpm</command> command-line utility has many functions for "
"working with individual RPM packages. You may use it to manually install and "
"remove packages from your system. If you install software with the "
"<command>rpm</command> utility, you must manually check and install any "
-"dependencies. For this reason, <application>pirut</application> and "
-"<command>yum</command> are the recommended methods for installing software."
-msgstr "命令行工具 <command>rpm</command> 有很多功能，主è¦æ˜¯æ“作å•ç‹¬çš„ RPM 软件包。您å¯ä»¥åˆ©ç”¨å®ƒæ¥æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ä¸ºç³»ç»Ÿå®‰è£…和移除软件包。如果使用 <command>rpm</command> 工具安装软件，您必须手动地检测和安装任何ä¾èµ–å…³ç³»ã€‚å› ä¸ºè¿™ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼Œ<application>pirut</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> 是安装软件的首选方å¼ã€‚"
+"dependencies. For this reason, <command>yum</command> is the recommended "
+"method for installing software."
+msgstr ""
+"命令行工具 <command>rpm</command> 有很多功能，主è¦æ˜¯æ“作å•ç‹¬çš„ RPM 软件包。您"
+"å¯ä»¥åˆ©ç”¨å®ƒæ¥æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ä¸ºç³»ç»Ÿå®‰è£…和移除软件包。如果使用 <command>rpm</command> å·¥"
+"具安装软件，您必须手动地检测和安装任何ä¾èµ–å…³ç³»ã€‚å› ä¸ºè¿™ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼Œ<command>yum</"
+"command> 是安装软件的首选方å¼ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:591(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:589(title)
msgid "Current Package Versions"
msgstr "当å‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…版本"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:593(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:591(para)
msgid ""
-"The <application>pirut</application> and <command>yum</command> utilities "
+"The <application>up2date</application> and <command>yum</command> utilities "
"ensure that you have the most recent version of software packages. Other "
"methods do not guarantee that the packages are current."
-msgstr "<application>pirut</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> 工具å¯ä»¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨å®‰è£…的是最新版本的软件包。其他方å¼ä¸ä¿è¯è½¯ä»¶åŒ…是å¦æœ€æ–°ã€‚"
+msgstr ""
+"<application>up2date</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> 工具å¯ä»¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨å®‰"
+"装的是最新版本的软件包。其他方å¼ä¸ä¿è¯è½¯ä»¶åŒ…是å¦æœ€æ–°ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:603(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:601(title)
msgid "Managing Software with <command>yum</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:606(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:604(secondary)
msgid "software management"
msgstr "软件管ç†"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:608(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:606(para)
msgid ""
"Use the <command>yum</command> utility to modify the software on your system "
"in four ways:"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 工具改å˜ç³»ç»Ÿä¸çš„软件é…置，有四ç§é€‰æ‹©ï¼š"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:616(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:614(para)
msgid "To install new software from package repositories"
msgstr "从仓库安装新软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:621(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:619(para)
msgid "To install new software from an individual package file"
msgstr "从å•ç‹¬çš„软件包文件安装新软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:626(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:624(para)
msgid "To update existing software on your system"
msgstr "更新您的系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰çš„软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:631(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:629(para)
msgid "To remove unwanted software from your system"
msgstr "从您的系统ä¸ç§»é™¤ä¸éœ€è¦çš„软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:639(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:637(title)
msgid "Installing Software from a Package File"
msgstr "从一个软件包文件安装软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:641(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:639(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> commands shown in this section use repositories "
"as package sources. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-installing-frompackage\"/"
@@ -786,14 +729,14 @@ msgstr ""
"<command>yum</command> 从一个软件包文件æ¥å®‰è£…软件，å¯ä»¥å‚考 <xref linkend="
"\"sn-yum-installing-frompackage\"/>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:650(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:648(para)
msgid ""
"To use <command>yum</command>, specify a function and one or more packages "
"or package groups. Each section below gives some examples."
msgstr ""
"使用 <command>yum</command> 时，应指定一个æ“作，以åŠä¸€ä¸ªæˆ–多个软件包/软件组。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:656(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:654(para)
msgid ""
"For each operation, <command>yum</command> downloads the latest package "
"information from the configured repositories. If your system uses a slow "
@@ -804,7 +747,7 @@ msgstr ""
"æ¯ã€‚如果您的网络连接比较慢，<command>yum</command> 会用数秒钟æ¥ä¸‹è½½ä»“库的索引"
"以åŠè½¯ä»¶åŒ…的文件头。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:664(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:662(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> utility searches these data files to determine "
"the best set of actions to produce the required result, and displays the "
@@ -816,17 +759,17 @@ msgstr ""
"集åˆï¼Œç„¶åŽæ˜¾ç¤ºå¾…处ç†çš„事务，您å¯ä»¥æ‰¹å‡†æ˜¯å¦ç»§ç»ã€‚事务å¯èƒ½ä¼šåŒ…å«å®‰è£…ï¼Œæ›´æ–°æˆ–åˆ "
"除é¢å¤–的软件，以æ¤æ¥æ»¡è¶³è½¯ä»¶ä¾èµ–关系。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:673(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:671(title)
msgid "Format of <command>yum</command> Transaction Reports"
msgstr "<command>yum</command> äº‹åŠ¡æŠ¥å‘Šçš„æ ¼å¼"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:675(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:673(para)
msgid ""
"This is an example of the transaction for installing <filename>tsclient</"
"filename>:"
msgstr "这个范例是安装 <filename>tsclient</filename> 时的事务："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:680(computeroutput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:678(computeroutput)
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"=============================================================================\n"
@@ -861,7 +804,7 @@ msgstr ""
"Total download size: 355 k\n"
"Is this ok [y/N]:"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:698(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:696(para)
msgid ""
"Review the list of changes, and then press <keycap>y</keycap> to accept and "
"begin the process. If you press <keycap>N</keycap> or <keycap>Enter</"
@@ -871,11 +814,11 @@ msgstr ""
"<keycap>N</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap>(回车)，<command>yum</command> ä¸"
"会下载或改å˜ä»»ä½•è½¯ä»¶ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:706(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:704(title)
msgid "Package Versions"
msgstr "软件包版本"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:708(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:706(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> utility only displays and uses the newest version "
"of each package, unless you specify an older version."
@@ -883,7 +826,7 @@ msgstr ""
"<command>yum</command> 工具åªæ˜¾ç¤ºå’Œä½¿ç”¨è½¯ä»¶åŒ…的最新版本，除éžæ‚¨æŒ‡å®šä¸€ä¸ªæ—§ç‰ˆ"
"本。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:715(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:713(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>yum</command> utility also imports the repository public key if "
"it is not already installed on the <command>rpm</command> keyring."
@@ -891,30 +834,30 @@ msgstr ""
"<command>yum</command> 工具支æŒå¯¼å…¥ä»“库公钥，如果它没有预装在 <command>rpm</"
"command> 钥匙环ä¸çš„è¯ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:722(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:720(title)
msgid "Format of <command>yum</command> Public Key Import"
msgstr "<command>yum</command> å…¬é’¥å¯¼å…¥çš„æ ¼å¼"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:724(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:722(para)
msgid "This is an example of the public key import:"
msgstr "这是公钥导入的一个例å："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:728(computeroutput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:726(computeroutput)
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2\n"
"public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm\n"
"Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora\n"
-"Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 \"Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>\"\n"
+"Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 \"Fedora Project &lt;fedora at redhat.com&gt;\"\n"
"Is this ok [y/N]:"
msgstr ""
"warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2\n"
"public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm\n"
"Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora\n"
-"Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 \"Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>\"\n"
+"Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 \"Fedora Project &lt;fedora at redhat.com&gt;\"\n"
"Is this ok [y/N]:"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:736(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:734(para)
msgid ""
"Check the public key, and then press <keycap>y</keycap> to import the key "
"and authorize the key for use. If you press <keycap>N</keycap> or "
@@ -925,7 +868,7 @@ msgstr ""
"<keycap>N</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap>(回车)，<command>yum</command> åœ"
"æ¢ï¼Œä¸å®‰è£…任何软件包。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:743(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:741(para)
msgid ""
"To ensure that downloaded packages are genuine, <command>yum</command> "
"verifies the digital signature of each package against the public key of the "
@@ -937,144 +880,154 @@ msgstr ""
"件包的数å—ç¾å。当事务需è¦çš„所有软件包都已æˆåŠŸä¸‹è½½å¹¶æ ¡éªŒåŽï¼Œ<command>yum</"
"command> 将它们应用到您的系统ä¸ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:752(title)
-msgid "Transaction Log"
-msgstr "事务日志"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:754(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:749(para)
msgid ""
"Every completed transaction records the affected packages in the log file "
-"<indexterm><primary>log file</primary></indexterm><filename>/var/log/yum."
-"log</filename>. You may only read this file with <systemitem class=\"username"
-"\">root</systemitem> access."
+"<filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename>. You may only read this file with "
+"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> access."
msgstr ""
"æ¯ä¸ªå®Œæˆçš„事务会在日志文件 <filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename> ä¸è®°å½•å—å½±å“"
"的软件包。您åªèƒ½ä»¥ <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> æƒé™è¯»å–"
"它。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:766(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:756(title)
+msgid "Downloads are Cached"
+msgstr "下载被缓å˜"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:757(para)
+msgid ""
+"The <command>yum</command> utility keeps downloaded data files and packages "
+"for reuse. You may copy packages from the repository cache directories under "
+"<filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>, and use them elsewhere if you wish. If "
+"you remove a package from the cache, you do not affect the copy of the "
+"software installed on your system."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>yum</command> 工具ä¿ç•™å·²ä¸‹è½½çš„æ•°æ®æ–‡ä»¶å’Œè½¯ä»¶åŒ…以å¤ç”¨ã€‚如果需è¦ï¼Œæ‚¨å¯"
+"以从 <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 下的仓库缓å˜ç›®å½•ä¸ï¼Œå°†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å¤åˆ¶å‡º"
+"æ¥ï¼Œç”¨äºŽå…¶ä»–地方。缓å˜ä¸çš„软件包å³ä½¿è¢«åˆ 除，也ä¸ä¼šå½±å“到您的系统ä¸å·²ç»å®‰è£…çš„"
+"软件。"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:767(title)
msgid "Installing New Software with <command>yum</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 安装新软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:768(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1472(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:769(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1363(primary)
msgid "installing software"
msgstr "安装软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:769(see)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:770(see)
msgid "software, installing"
msgstr "软件，安装"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:772(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:823(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:895(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1477(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:773(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:824(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:882(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1368(primary)
msgid "software"
msgstr "软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:773(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1633(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:774(secondary)
msgid "installing"
msgstr "安装"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:775(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:776(para)
msgid ""
"To install the package <filename>tsclient</filename>, enter the command:"
msgstr "è¦å®‰è£…软件 <filename>tsclient</filename>，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:780(replaceable)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:831(replaceable)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:910(replaceable)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:976(replaceable)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1881(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:781(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:832(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:897(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:963(replaceable)
msgid "tsclient"
msgstr "tsclient"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:780(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:781(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum install <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum install <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:782(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:795(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:833(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:871(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:912(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:925(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:978(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1022(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1574(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1678(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1692(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1752(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1883(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:783(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:796(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:834(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:858(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:899(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:912(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:965(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1010(para)
msgid ""
"Enter the password for the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"account when prompted."
msgstr ""
"当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:788(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:789(para)
msgid ""
"To install the package group <filename>MySQL Database</filename>, enter the "
"command:"
msgstr "è¦å®‰è£…软件组 <filename>MySQL Database</filename>，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:793(replaceable)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:869(replaceable)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:923(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:794(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:856(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:910(replaceable)
msgid "MySQL Database"
msgstr "MySQL Database"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:793(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:794(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum groupinstall \"<placeholder-1/>\"'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum groupinstall \"<placeholder-1/>\"'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:802(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:803(title)
msgid "New Services Require Activation"
msgstr "æ–°çš„æœåŠ¡éœ€è¦æ¿€æ´»"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:804(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:805(para)
msgid ""
-"When you install a service, Fedora does not activate or start it. To "
+"When you install a service, &FED; does not activate or start it. To "
"configure a new service to run on bootup, choose "
"<menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</"
"guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Server Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Services</"
"guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or use the <command>chkconfig</command> and "
"<command>service</command> command-line utilities."
-msgstr "当您安装一项æœåŠ¡çš„时候，Fedora ä¸ä¼šæ¿€æ´»æˆ–å¯åŠ¨å®ƒã€‚è¦é…置一项新æœåŠ¡éšç³»ç»Ÿå¯åŠ¨è€Œè¿è¡Œï¼Œé€‰æ‹©èœå•ä¸çš„ <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Server Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，或者使用命令行工具 <command>chkconfig</command> å’Œ <command>service</command>。"
+msgstr ""
+"当您安装一项æœåŠ¡çš„时候，&FED; ä¸ä¼šæ¿€æ´»æˆ–å¯åŠ¨å®ƒã€‚è¦é…置一项新æœåŠ¡éšç³»ç»Ÿå¯"
+"动而è¿è¡Œï¼Œé€‰æ‹©èœå•ä¸çš„ <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</"
+"guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Server Settings</"
+"guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，或者使用命令行工"
+"具 <command>chkconfig</command> 和 <command>service</command>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:817(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:818(title)
msgid "Updating Software with <command>yum</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 更新软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:819(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:824(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1097(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:820(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:825(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1092(primary)
msgid "updating"
msgstr "æ›´æ–°"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:820(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:821(secondary)
msgid "software packages"
msgstr "软件包"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:826(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:827(para)
msgid ""
"To update the <filename>tsclient</filename> package to the latest version, "
"type:"
msgstr "è¦æ›´æ–° <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件为最新版本，输入："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:831(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:832(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum update <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum update <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:840(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:841(title)
msgid "New Software Versions Require Reloading"
msgstr "新版本软件需è¦é‡æ–°è½½å…¥"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:842(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:843(para)
msgid ""
"If a piece of software is in use when you update it, the old version remains "
"active until the application or service is restarted. Kernel updates take "
@@ -1083,54 +1036,43 @@ msgstr ""
"如果您更新æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶æ—¶ï¼Œå®ƒæ£åœ¨è¢«ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬ä»ç„¶æœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œç›´åˆ°æ‚¨é‡æ–°å¯åŠ¨åº”用程"
"åºæˆ–æœåŠ¡ã€‚å†…æ ¸çš„æ›´æ–°å¿…é¡»åˆ°æ‚¨é‡æ–°å¯åŠ¨ç³»ç»Ÿæ—¶æ‰å¯ç”Ÿæ•ˆã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:851(title)
-msgid "Kernel Packages"
-msgstr "å†…æ ¸è½¯ä»¶åŒ…"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:853(para)
-msgid ""
-"Kernel packages remain on the system after they have been superseded by "
-"newer versions. This enables you to boot your system with an older kernel if "
-"an error occurs with the current kernel. To minimize maintenance, "
-"<command>yum</command> automatically removes obsolete kernel packages from "
-"your system, retaining only the current kernel and the previous version."
-msgstr "å†…æ ¸è½¯ä»¶åŒ…åœ¨æ›´æ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬ä¹‹åŽï¼Œæ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬ä»ç„¶ä¼šä¿ç•™åœ¨ç³»ç»Ÿä¸ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬å†…æ ¸å‡ºäº†é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå¯ä»¥ç”¨æ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬è¿›å…¥ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚为了å‡å°‘维护困难，<command>yum</command> 自动将ä¸ç”¨çš„å†…æ ¸åˆ é™¤ï¼Œåªä¿ç•™æœ€æ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬å’Œå‰ä¸€ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬(注æ„ä¸ä¸€å®šæ˜¯æ£åœ¨ç”¨çš„版本)。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:864(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:851(para)
msgid ""
"To update all of the packages in the package group <filename>MySQL Database</"
"filename>, enter the command:"
msgstr ""
"è¦æ›´æ–°è½¯ä»¶ç»„ <filename>MySQL Database</filename> ä¸çš„所有软件，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:869(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:856(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum groupupdate \"<placeholder-1/>\"'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum groupupdate \"<placeholder-1/>\"'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:878(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:865(title)
msgid "Updating the Entire System"
msgstr "更新整个系统"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:880(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:867(para)
msgid ""
-"To update all of the packages on your Fedora system, use the commands "
+"To update all of the packages on your &FED; system, use the commands "
"described in <xref linkend=\"sn-updating-your-system\"/>."
-msgstr "è¦æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统ä¸çš„所有软件，使用 <xref linkend=\"sn-updating-your-system\"/> ä¸æ到的命令。"
+msgstr ""
+"è¦æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统ä¸çš„所有软件，使用 <xref linkend=\"sn-updating-your-"
+"system\"/> ä¸æ到的命令。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:890(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:877(title)
msgid "Removing Software with <command>yum</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 移除软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:892(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:879(primary)
msgid "removing software"
msgstr "移除软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:896(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:883(secondary)
msgid "removing"
msgstr "移除"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:898(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:885(para)
msgid ""
"To remove software, <command>yum</command> examines your system for both the "
"specified software, and any software which claims it as a dependency. The "
@@ -1140,34 +1082,34 @@ msgstr ""
"è¦ç§»é™¤è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 在您的系统ä¸æ£€æµ‹æŒ‡å®šè¢«ç§»é™¤çš„软件，以åŠä»»ä½•"
"ä¾èµ–于它的软件。移除软件的事务将移除这一软件åŠæ‰€æœ‰ä¾èµ–于它的软件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:905(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:892(para)
msgid ""
"To remove the <filename>tsclient</filename> package from your system, use "
"the command:"
msgstr "è¦ç§»é™¤ <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件，使用命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:910(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:897(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum remove <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum remove <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:918(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:905(para)
msgid ""
"To remove all of the packages in the package group <filename>MySQL Database</"
"filename>, enter the command:"
msgstr ""
"è¦ç§»é™¤è½¯ä»¶ç»„ <filename>MySQL Database</filename> ä¸çš„所有软件，使用命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:923(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:910(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum groupremove \"<placeholder-1/>\"'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum groupremove \"<placeholder-1/>\"'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:932(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:919(title)
msgid "Data and Configuration File Retention"
msgstr "æ•°æ®å’Œé…置文件的ä¿ç•™æƒ…况"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:934(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:921(para)
msgid ""
"The removal process leaves user data in place but may remove configuration "
"files in some cases. If a package removal does not include the configuration "
@@ -1177,24 +1119,24 @@ msgstr ""
"移除过程会ä¿ç•™ç”¨æˆ·æ•°æ®ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯åœ¨æŸäº›æ—¶å€™ä¼šç§»é™¤é…置文件。如果æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„移除ä¸åŒ…"
"括é…置文件，而您在åŽé¢åˆé‡å®‰è£…了这一软件，那么它å¯èƒ½ä¼šé‡ç”¨æ—§çš„é…置文件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:945(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:932(title)
msgid "Searching for Packages with <command>yum</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:948(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:935(secondary)
msgid "locating"
msgstr "定ä½"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:951(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1165(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:938(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1160(primary)
msgid "searching"
msgstr "æœç´¢"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:952(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:939(secondary)
msgid "for packages"
msgstr "软件包"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:954(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:941(para)
msgid ""
"Use the search features of <command>yum</command> to find software that is "
"available from the configured repositories, or already installed on your "
@@ -1203,18 +1145,18 @@ msgstr ""
"使用 <command>yum</command> çš„æœç´¢åŠŸèƒ½æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾å·²é…置的仓库ä¸å¯ç”¨çš„软件，或系统"
"ä¸å·²å®‰è£…的软件。æœç´¢è‡ªåŠ¨åŒ…å«è¿™ä¸¤ç±»è½¯ä»¶ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:961(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:948(para)
msgid ""
"The format of the results depends upon the option. If the query produces no "
"information, there are no packages matching the criteria."
msgstr ""
"ç»“æžœçš„æ ¼å¼ä¾èµ–于所用的选项。如果查询没有给出结果，说明没有满足è¦æ±‚的软件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:968(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:955(title)
msgid "Searching by Package Name and Attributes"
msgstr "通过软件å和属性æœç´¢"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:970(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:957(para)
msgid ""
"To search for a specific package by name, use the <option>list</option> "
"function. To search for the package <filename>tsclient</filename>, use the "
@@ -1223,14 +1165,14 @@ msgstr ""
"è¦é€šè¿‡å称æœç´¢ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨ <option>list</option> 功能。è¦æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶ "
"<filename>tsclient</filename>，使用命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:976(userinput)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:991(userinput)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1069(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:963(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:978(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1057(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum list <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum list <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:984(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:971(para)
msgid ""
"To make your queries more precise, specify packages with a name that include "
"other attributes, such as version or hardware architecture. To search for "
@@ -1239,15 +1181,15 @@ msgstr ""
"è¦ä½¿æœç´¢æ›´ç²¾ç¡®ï¼Œå¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šåŒ…å«å±žæ€§çš„å称，例如版本或硬件架构。è¦æœç´¢ "
"<filename>tsclient</filename> 的 0.132 版，使用命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:991(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:978(replaceable)
msgid "tsclient-0.132"
msgstr "tsclient-0.132"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:994(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:981(title)
msgid "Valid Package Attributes"
msgstr "有效的软件属性"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:996(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:983(para)
msgid ""
"Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-package-names\"/> for information on package "
"name formats and the attributes that they include."
@@ -1255,35 +1197,42 @@ msgstr ""
"å‚è§ <xref linkend=\"sn-package-names\"/>，其ä¸æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…命åæ ¼å¼ä»¥åŠå…¶ä¸åŒ…å«çš„"
"属性ç‰ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1004(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:991(title)
msgid "Advanced Searches"
msgstr "高级æœç´¢"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1006(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:993(para)
msgid ""
"If you do not know the name of the package, use the <option>search</option> "
-"or <option>provides</option> options. Alternatively, use wild cards with any "
-"<command>yum</command> search option to broaden the search criteria."
-msgstr "如果您ä¸çŸ¥é“软件的å称，使用 <option>search</option> 或 <option>provides</option> 功能。å¦å¤–，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»»ä½• <command>yum</command> æœç´¢é€‰é¡¹ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符，æ¥æ‰©å¤§æœç´¢èŒƒå›´ã€‚"
+"or <option>provides</option> options. Alternatively, use wild cards or "
+"regular expressions with any <command>yum</command> search option to broaden "
+"the search critieria."
+msgstr ""
+"如果您ä¸çŸ¥é“软件的å称，使用 <option>search</option> 或 <option>provides</"
+"option> 功能。å¦å¤–，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»»ä½• <command>yum</command> æœç´¢é€‰é¡¹ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符和"
+"æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œæ¥æ‰©å¤§æœç´¢èŒƒå›´ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1013(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1001(para)
msgid ""
"The <option>search</option> option checks the names, descriptions, summaries "
"and listed package maintainers of all of the available packages to find "
"those that match. For example, to search for all packages that relate to "
-"Palm Pilots, type:"
-msgstr "<option>search</option> 功能检测所有å¯ç”¨çš„软件的å称ã€æè¿°ã€æ¦‚述和已列出的维护者，查找匹é…的值。例如，è¦ä»Žæ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ä¸æœç´¢ä¸Ž Palm Pilots 相关的内容，输入："
+"PalmPilots, type:"
+msgstr ""
+"<option>search</option> 功能检测所有å¯ç”¨çš„软件的å称ã€æè¿°ã€æ¦‚述和已列出的维"
+"护者，查找匹é…的值。例如，è¦ä»Žæ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ä¸æœç´¢ä¸Ž PalmPilots 相关的内容，输"
+"入："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1020(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1008(replaceable)
msgid "PalmPilot"
msgstr "PalmPilot"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1020(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1008(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum search <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum search <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1028(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1016(para)
msgid ""
"The <option>provides</option> function checks both the files included in the "
"packages and the functions that the software provides. This option requires "
@@ -1294,23 +1243,23 @@ msgstr ""
"<option>search</option> 相比，这个选项è¦æ±‚ <command>yum</command> 下载并读å–"
"一个很大的索引文件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1036(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1024(para)
msgid ""
"To search for all packages that include files called <filename>libneon</"
"filename>, type:"
msgstr "è¦æœç´¢æ‰€æœ‰åŒ…å«æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>libneon</filename> 的软件包，输入："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1041(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1029(replaceable)
msgid "libneon"
msgstr "libneon"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1041(userinput)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1049(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1029(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1037(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum provides <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum provides <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1043(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1031(para)
msgid ""
"To search for all packages that either provide a MTA (Mail Transport Agent) "
"service, or include files with <filename>mta</filename> in their name:"
@@ -1318,11 +1267,11 @@ msgstr ""
"è¦æœç´¢æ‰€æœ‰æ供了 MTA (Mail Transport Agent, é‚®ä»¶ä¼ è¾“ä»£ç†) æœåŠ¡ï¼Œæˆ–å称ä¸åŒ…å«"
"了 <filename>mta</filename> 的软件包："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1049(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1037(replaceable)
msgid "MTA"
msgstr "MTA"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1051(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1039(para)
msgid ""
"For each command, at the prompt enter the password for the <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> account."
@@ -1330,15 +1279,18 @@ msgstr ""
"对æ¯ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ï¼Œåº”在æ示时输入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"å¸å·çš„密ç 。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1056(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1044(para)
msgid ""
-"Use the standard wild-card characters to run any search option with a "
-"partial word or name: <option>?</option> to represent any one character, and "
+"Use the standard wildcard characters to run any search option with a partial "
+"word or name: <option>?</option> to represent any one character, and "
"<option>*</option> to mean zero or more characters. Always add the escape "
-"character (<option>\\</option>) before wild-cards."
-msgstr "ä½¿ç”¨æ ‡å‡†çš„é€šé…符æé…è¯æˆ–åå—的片段æ¥æœç´¢ï¼š<option>?</option> 代表任æ„å•ä¸ªå—符，<option>*</option> 代表 0 或多个å—符。在通é…符å‰åº”当使用转义å—符 (<option>\\</option>)。"
+"character (<option>\\</option>) before wildcards."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½¿ç”¨æ ‡å‡†çš„é€šé…符æé…è¯æˆ–å称的片段æ¥æœç´¢ï¼š<option>?</option> 代表任æ„å•ä¸ªå—"
+"符，<option>*</option> 代表 0 或多个å—符。在通é…符å‰åº”当使用转义å—符 "
+"(<option>\\</option>)。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1064(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1052(para)
msgid ""
"To <option>list</option> all packages with names that begin with "
"<filename>tsc</filename>, type:"
@@ -1346,22 +1298,33 @@ msgstr ""
"è¦ <option>list</option> 列出å称以 <filename>tsc</filename> 开始的软件，输"
"入："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1069(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1057(replaceable)
msgid "tsc\\*"
msgstr "tsc\\*"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1074(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1060(title)
+msgid "Regular Expressions"
+msgstr "æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1061(para)
+msgid ""
+"Use Perl or Python regular expressions to carry out more complex queries."
+msgstr "使用 Perl 或 Python æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¥è¿›è¡Œæ›´å¤æ‚的查询。"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1069(title)
msgid "Understanding Matches"
msgstr "ç†è§£åŒ¹é…"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1076(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1071(para)
msgid ""
"Searches with <command>yum</command> show all of the packages that match "
"your criteria. Packages must meet the terms of the search exactly to be "
-"considered matches, unless you use wild-cards."
-msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢ä¼šå¾—出所有匹é…您的æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件。如果ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符，那么åªæœ‰å‡†ç¡®åœ°æ»¡è¶³æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件æ‰è§†ä¸ºåŒ¹é…。"
+"considered matches, unless you use wildcards or a regular expression."
+msgstr ""
+"使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢ä¼šå¾—出所有匹é…您的æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件。如果ä¸ä½¿ç”¨"
+"通é…符或æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆåªæœ‰å‡†ç¡®åœ°æ»¡è¶³æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件æ‰è§†ä¸ºåŒ¹é…。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1083(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1078(para)
msgid ""
"For example, a search query for <filename>shadowutils</filename> or "
"<filename>shadow-util</filename> would not produce the package "
@@ -1374,137 +1337,153 @@ msgstr ""
"是 <filename>shadow-util\\?</filename> 或 <filename>shadow\\*</filename>，那"
"么这个软件将视为匹é…并显示出æ¥ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1095(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1090(title)
msgid "Updating Your System with <command>yum</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 更新您的系统"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1098(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1093(secondary)
msgid "full system"
msgstr "整个系统"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1102(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1097(secondary)
msgid "updating full system"
msgstr "更新整个系统"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1104(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1099(para)
msgid ""
-"Use the <option>update</option> option to upgrade all of your Fedora system "
-"software to the latest version with one operation."
-msgstr "使用 <option>update</option> 功能æ¥æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ä¸ºæœ€æ–°ç‰ˆã€‚"
+"Use the <option>update</option> option to upgrade all of your &FED; "
+"system software to the latest version with one operation."
+msgstr ""
+"使用 <option>update</option> 功能æ¥æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ä¸ºæœ€æ–°"
+"版，åªè¦ä¸€ä¸ªæ“作。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1109(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1104(para)
msgid "To perform a full system update, type this command:"
msgstr "è¦è¿›è¡Œæ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿçš„更新，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1113(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1108(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum update'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum update'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1115(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1272(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1505(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1110(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1280(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1396(para)
msgid ""
"At the prompt, enter the <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"password."
msgstr ""
"在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1122(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1117(title)
msgid "Automatically Updating Your System"
msgstr "自动更新您的系统"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1124(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1119(primary)
msgid "automatic updating"
msgstr "自动更新"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1126(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1121(para)
msgid ""
-"The <filename>yum</filename> package supplied with Fedora includes scripts "
+"The <filename>yum</filename> package supplied with &FC; includes scripts "
"to perform full system updates every day. To activate automatic daily "
"updates, enter this command:"
-msgstr "Fedora ä¸çš„ <filename>yum</filename> 包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ªè„šæœ¬ï¼Œç”¨ä»¥æ¯æ—¥è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°æ›´æ–°æ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿã€‚è¦æ¿€æ´»æ¯æ—¥çš„自动更新，输入命令："
+msgstr ""
+"&FC; ä¸çš„ <filename>yum</filename> 包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ªè„šæœ¬ï¼Œç”¨ä»¥æ¯æ—¥è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°æ›´æ–°æ•´ä¸ª"
+"系统。è¦æ¿€æ´»æ¯æ—¥çš„自动更新，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1132(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1127(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'"
msgstr "su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1134(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1226(para)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1258(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1129(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1221(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1266(para)
msgid ""
"At the prompt, enter the password for the <systemitem class=\"username"
"\">root</systemitem> account."
msgstr ""
"在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1140(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1135(title)
msgid "How Daily Updates are Run"
msgstr "æ¯æ—¥æ›´æ–°æ˜¯å¦‚何åšåˆ°çš„"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1142(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1137(para)
msgid ""
"There is no separate <command>yum</command> service that runs on your "
"system. The command given above enables the control script <filename>/etc/rc."
"d/init.d/yum</filename>. This control script activates the script <filename>/"
"etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>, which causes the <command>cron</command> "
-"service to automatically begin a system update at 4am each day."
-msgstr "系统ä¸å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰å•ç‹¬çš„ <command>yum</command> æœåŠ¡ã€‚这个命令å¯ç”¨äº†æŽ§åˆ¶è„šæœ¬ <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>。这个控制脚本激活了 <filename>/etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>，而它åˆä¼šä½¿ <command>cron</command> æœåŠ¡æ¥åœ¨æ¯æ—¥å‡Œæ™¨å››ç‚¹æ—¶è¿›è¡Œè‡ªåŠ¨çš„系统更新。"
+"service to perform the system update automatically at 4am each day."
+msgstr ""
+"系统ä¸å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰å•ç‹¬çš„ <command>yum</command> æœåŠ¡ã€‚这个命令å¯ç”¨äº†æŽ§åˆ¶è„šæœ¬ "
+"<filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>。这个控制脚本激活了 <filename>/etc/"
+"cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>，而它åˆä¼šä½¿ <command>cron</command> æœåŠ¡æ¥åœ¨æ¯"
+"日凌晨四点时进行自动的系统更新。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1156(title)
-msgid "Configuring Access to Software Repositories"
-msgstr "é…置软件仓库"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1151(title)
+msgid "Using Other Software Repositories"
+msgstr "使用其他软件仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1158(primary)
-msgid "Fedora Extras"
-msgstr "Fedora 扩展仓库"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1153(primary)
+msgid "&FEX;"
+msgstr "&FEX;"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1162(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1157(secondary)
msgid "finding"
msgstr "寻找"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1166(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1161(secondary)
msgid "for repositories"
msgstr "仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1168(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1163(para)
msgid ""
-"Fedora systems automatically use the Fedora Project repositories. These "
-"include Fedora Extras, the default source of packages for software that is "
-"not included with Fedora."
-msgstr "Fedora 系统自动使用 Fedora 项目的仓库。其ä¸åŒ…括 Fedora 扩展仓库(Extras)，没有包å«åœ¨ Fedora Core ä¸çš„软件包的默认仓库。"
+"&FED; systems automatically use the &FP; repositories. These include "
+"&FEX;, the default source of packages for software that is not included "
+"with &FC;."
+msgstr ""
+"&FED; 系统自动使用 &FP; 的仓库。其ä¸åŒ…括 &FEX;，默认没有包å«åœ¨ "
+"&FC; ä¸çš„软件包。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1175(title)
-msgid "Fedora Extras Repositories for Previous Versions of Fedora"
-msgstr "适于旧版本 Fedora Core 的 Fedora Extras 仓库"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1170(title)
+msgid "&FEX; Repositories for Previous Versions of &FC;"
+msgstr "适于旧版本 &FC; 的 &FEX; 仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1177(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1172(para)
msgid ""
-"You must manually configure Fedora 3 systems to use Fedora Extras, using the "
+"You must manually configure &FC; 3 systems to use &FEX;, using the "
"instructions at <ulink url=\"http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/\"/>. "
-"For additional packages for Fedora 1 and Fedora 2, refer to <ulink url="
+"For additional packages for &FC; 1 and &FC; 2, refer to <ulink url="
"\"http://www.fedora.us/\"/>."
-msgstr "您必须手动é…ç½® Fedora Core 3 系统使用 Fedora Extras，按照 <ulink url=\"http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/\"/> çš„æ¥éª¤åšã€‚对于 Fedora Core 1 å’Œ Fedora Core 2 çš„é™„åŠ è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œè¯·æŸ¥çœ‹ <ulink url=\"http://www.fedora.us/\"/>。"
+msgstr ""
+"您必须手动é…ç½® &FC; 3 系统使用 &FEX;，按照 <ulink url=\"http://"
+"fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/\"/> çš„æ¥éª¤åšã€‚对于 &FC; 1 å’Œ &FC; "
+"2 çš„é™„åŠ è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œè¯·æŸ¥çœ‹ <ulink url=\"http://www.fedora.us/\"/>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1188(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1183(para)
msgid ""
-"If the Fedora Project does not supply packages for a product, the "
-"manufacturer may provide or recommend a separate repository. Members of the "
-"community also maintain repositories to provide packages for Fedora systems. "
-"For example, <ulink url=\"http://www.jpackage.org/\"/> distributes popular "
-"Java software as packages."
-msgstr "如果 Fedora 项目没有包å«æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œè½¯ä»¶çš„作者å¯èƒ½æ供了一个å•ç‹¬çš„仓库。一些社区的æˆå‘˜ä¹Ÿç»´æŠ¤äº†é€‚于 Fedora 的软件仓库。例如，<ulink url=\"http://www.jpackage.org/\"/> å°†æµè¡Œçš„ Java 软件打包å‘布。"
+"If the &FP; does not supply packages for a product, the manufacturer may "
+"provide or recommend a separate repository. Members of the community also "
+"maintain repositories to provide packages for &FED; systems. For "
+"example, <ulink url=\"http://www.jpackage.org/\"/> distributes popular Java "
+"software as packages."
+msgstr ""
+"如果 &FP; 没有包å«æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œè½¯ä»¶çš„作者å¯èƒ½æ供了一个å•ç‹¬çš„仓库。一些社区"
+"çš„æˆå‘˜ä¹Ÿç»´æŠ¤äº†é€‚于 &FED; 的软件仓库。例如，<ulink url=\"http://www."
+"jpackage.org/\"/> å°†æµè¡Œçš„ Java 软件打包å‘布。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1199(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1194(title)
msgid "Adding a Repository as a Package Source"
msgstr "æ·»åŠ ä»“åº“ä½œä¸ºè½¯ä»¶æ¥æº"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1202(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1197(secondary)
msgid "adding to yum"
msgstr "æ·»åŠ "
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1204(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1199(para)
msgid ""
"To add an extra repository, place a definition file in the <filename>/etc/"
"yum.repos.d/</filename> directory on your system. Package providers make the "
@@ -1513,16 +1492,16 @@ msgstr ""
"è¦å¦å¤–æ·»åŠ ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“ï¼Œå¿…é¡»åœ¨æ‚¨çš„ç³»ç»Ÿä¸ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> "
"目录下新建一个æ述文件。仓库维护者一般会在网站上公布自己的仓库的æ述文件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1211(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1206(title)
msgid "Definition File Extension"
msgstr "文件扩展å约定"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1212(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1207(para)
msgid ""
"The names of repository definition files end with <filename>.repo</filename>."
msgstr "仓库æ述文件的å称以 <filename>.repo</filename> 结尾。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1217(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1212(para)
msgid ""
"You must have <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> access to add "
"a file to the definitions directory. To copy the definition file "
@@ -1531,12 +1510,12 @@ msgstr ""
"您必须有 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> æƒé™æ‰èƒ½å‘这个目录"
"æ·»åŠ æ–‡ä»¶ã€‚è¦å¤åˆ¶æ述文件 <filename>example.repo</filename>，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1224(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1219(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'"
msgstr "su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1231(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1226(para)
msgid ""
"The configuration file for each repository should include a <command>gpgkey</"
"command> setting. This setting specifies the location of a public key that "
@@ -1550,19 +1529,36 @@ msgstr ""
"软件时会自动导入。如果é…置文件ä¸æ²¡æœ‰åŒ…å«è¿™ä¸ªé…置项，请å‚è§ <xref linkend="
"\"sn-authorizing-package-sources\"/>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1243(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1237(title)
+msgid "Repositories and <application>up2date</application> Channels"
+msgstr "仓库和 <application>up2date</application> 频é“"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1239(para)
+msgid ""
+"Starting with &FC; 4, <command>yum</command> repositories are "
+"automatically used as <application>up2date</application> channels. On &"
+"FC; 3 and earlier systems, you must manually configure <application>up2date</"
+"application> to use these channels. To do so, edit the <filename>/etc/"
+"sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename> file."
+msgstr ""
+"从 &FC; 4 开始，<command>yum</command> 仓库被自动用作 "
+"<application>up2date</application> 频é“。在 &FC; 3 和更è€ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„系统ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨"
+"必须手动é…ç½® <application>up2date</application> 使用这些频é“。具体的æ¥éª¤æ˜¯ä¿®"
+"改文件 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename>。"
+
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1251(title)
msgid "Manually Authorizing Package Sources"
msgstr "手动认è¯è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1245(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1253(primary)
msgid "public keys"
msgstr "公钥"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1246(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1254(secondary)
msgid "adding"
msgstr "æ·»åŠ "
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1248(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1256(para)
msgid ""
"To manually add a public key to your <command>rpm</command> keyring, use the "
"<option>import</option> feature of the <command>rpm</command> utility. To "
@@ -1573,17 +1569,17 @@ msgstr ""
"command> çš„ <option>import</option> 功能。è¦å¯¼å…¥æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY."
"asc</filename>，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1256(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1264(replaceable)
msgid "GPG-PUB-KEY.asc"
msgstr "GPG-PUB-KEY.asc"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1256(userinput)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1270(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1264(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1278(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'rpm --import <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'rpm --import <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1263(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1271(para)
msgid ""
"You may also import public keys directly from a web site. For example, to "
"import the file <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename> on the web site "
@@ -1593,141 +1589,123 @@ msgstr ""
"therepository.com</wordasword> 上的文件 <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</"
"filename>，使用命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1270(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1278(replaceable)
msgid "http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc"
msgstr "http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1279(title)
-msgid "Importing the Fedora Key on Fedora 3"
-msgstr "在 Fedora Core 3 ä¸å¯¼å…¥ Fedora 公钥"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1287(title)
+msgid "Importing the &FED; Key on &FC; 3"
+msgstr "在 &FC; 3 ä¸å¯¼å…¥ &FED; 公钥"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1281(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1289(para)
msgid ""
-"To add the Fedora public key to the <command>rpm</command> keyring on Fedora "
-"3 systems, run the command <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-"
-"GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>."
-msgstr "è¦åœ¨ Fedora Core 3 系统ä¸å‘ <command>rpm</command> é’¥åŒ™çŽ¯æ·»åŠ Fedora 的公钥，使用命令 <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>。"
+"To add the &FED; public key to the <command>rpm</command> keyring on "
+"&FC; 3 systems, run the command <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/"
+"rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>."
+msgstr ""
+"è¦åœ¨ &FC; 3 系统ä¸å‘ <command>rpm</command> é’¥åŒ™çŽ¯æ·»åŠ &FED; 的公钥，"
+"使用命令 <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</"
+"command>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1290(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1298(title)
msgid "Understanding Repository Compatibility"
msgstr "ç†è§£ä»“库相容性"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1293(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1301(secondary)
msgid "software compatibility"
msgstr "软件相容性"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1297(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1305(secondary)
msgid "compatibility"
msgstr "相容性"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1299(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1307(para)
msgid ""
-"The Fedora Extras repository provides packages which are built to the same "
-"standards as Fedora packages. Third-party packages should be compatible with "
-"these Fedora Project packages, unless the provider specifically states "
+"The &FEX; repository provides packages which are built to the same "
+"standards as &FC; packages. Third-party packages should be compatible "
+"with these &FP; packages, unless the provider specifically states "
"otherwise."
-msgstr "Fedora Extras 仓库æ供了按照与 Fedora Core 相åŒçš„æ ‡å‡†æž„å»ºçš„è½¯ä»¶ã€‚ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹è½¯ä»¶æ€»æ˜¯ä¼šä¸Ž Fedora 项目的软件包相容，如果ä¸æ˜¯ï¼Œæ供者会给出特别的说明。"
+msgstr ""
+"&FEX; 仓库æ供了按照与 &FC; 相åŒçš„æ ‡å‡†æž„å»ºçš„è½¯ä»¶ã€‚ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹è½¯ä»¶æ€»æ˜¯ä¼šä¸Ž "
+"&FP; 软件包相容，如果ä¸æ˜¯ï¼Œæ供者会给出特别的说明。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1306(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1314(para)
msgid ""
"Always read the web site of the repository for information on package "
"compatibility before you add it as a package source. Separate repository "
"providers may offer different and incompatible versions of the same "
"software. Third-party repositories may also provide alternative packages for "
-"software that is included in Fedora repositories."
-msgstr "åœ¨æ‚¨å°†ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“æ·»åŠ ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶æ¥æºä¹‹å‰ï¼Œä¸€å®šè¦é˜…读仓库所属的网站上有关软件相容性的信æ¯ã€‚ä¸åŒçš„仓库æ供者å¯èƒ½æä¾›åŒä¸€ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒçš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„版本。第三方仓库也å¯èƒ½æä¾› Fedora 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶çš„替代软件包。"
+"software that is included in &FED; repositories."
+msgstr ""
+"åœ¨æ‚¨å°†ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“æ·»åŠ ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶æ¥æºä¹‹å‰ï¼Œä¸€å®šè¦é˜…读仓库所属的网站上有关软件相容性的"
+"ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚ä¸åŒçš„仓库æ供者å¯èƒ½æä¾›åŒä¸€ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒçš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„版本。第三方仓库也å¯"
+"能æä¾› &FED; 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶çš„替代软件包。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1315(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1323(para)
msgid ""
"Alternative packages may contain versions of the software that function "
-"differently from the version in the Fedora Project packages. Determine the "
-"benefits and potential incompatibilities before replacing Fedora Project "
-"packages with alternative versions."
-msgstr "替代软件包å¯èƒ½æ˜¯è½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼ŒåŠŸèƒ½ä¸Ž Fedora 项目仓库ä¸çš„版本ä¸åŒã€‚在将 Fedora 项目的软件包替æ¢æŽ‰å‰ï¼Œä»”细考虑其ä¸çš„好处和å¯èƒ½çš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹æƒ…况。"
+"differently from the version in the &FP; packages. Determine the "
+"benefits and potential incompatibilities before replacing &FP; packages "
+"with alternative versions."
+msgstr ""
+"替代软件包å¯èƒ½æ˜¯è½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼ŒåŠŸèƒ½ä¸Ž &FP; 仓库ä¸çš„版本ä¸åŒã€‚在将 &"
+"FP; 版本的软件包替æ¢æŽ‰å‰ï¼Œä»”细考虑其ä¸çš„好处和å¯èƒ½çš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹æƒ…况。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1323(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1331(title)
msgid "Incompatible Repositories"
msgstr "ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1325(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1333(para)
msgid ""
"If you configure your system to use incompatible repositories <command>yum</"
"command> operations may fail."
msgstr ""
"如果您é…置您的系统使用了ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„仓库，<command>yum</command> ä¼šæ— æ³•æ“作。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1331(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1339(para)
msgid ""
-"Packages built for one version of Fedora are usually not compatible with "
-"other versions of Fedora. The web site of the provider should specifically "
-"state which versions of Fedora they support."
-msgstr "为一个版本的 Fedora 构建的软件包通常与å¦ä¸€ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ Fedora ä¸ç›¸å®¹ã€‚æ供者的网站总是会特别地说明所支æŒçš„ Fedora 版本。"
+"Packages built for one version of &FED; are usually not compatible with "
+"other versions of &FED;. The web site of the provider should "
+"specifically state which versions of &FED; they support."
+msgstr ""
+"为一个版本的 &FED; 构建的软件包通常与å¦ä¸€ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ &FED; ä¸ç›¸å®¹ã€‚æä¾›"
+"者的网站总是会特别地说明所支æŒçš„ &FED; 版本。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1338(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1346(title)
msgid "Old Versions of <command>yum</command> and Current Repositories"
msgstr "旧版本的 <command>yum</command> 和当å‰çš„仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1339(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1347(para)
msgid ""
"The data format for repository indexes changed with version 2.1 of "
-"<command>yum</command>. This was the version supplied with Fedora 3. "
-"Repository providers should specify the versions of Fedora that they "
+"<command>yum</command>. This was the version supplied with &FC; 3. "
+"Repository providers should specify the versions of &FC; that they "
"support. To confirm that an unlabeled repository is compatible with current "
"versions of <command>yum</command>, check that it has a sub-directory called "
"<filename>repodata/</filename>."
-msgstr "在 <command>yum</command> 2.1 å‘布时，仓库索引的数æ®æ ¼å¼å‘生了å˜åŒ–。在 Fedora Core 3 ä¸å³æ˜¯è¿™ä¸€æ ¼å¼ã€‚仓库æ供者应当说明所支æŒçš„ Fedora 版本。è¦ç¡®è®¤ä¸€ä¸ªæœªè¯´æ˜Žçš„仓库是å¦ä¸Žæ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ <command>yum</command> 相容，åªè¦æŸ¥çœ‹å®ƒæ˜¯å¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå«åš <filename>repodata/</filename> çš„å目录。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1352(title)
-msgid "Disabling or Removing Package Sources"
-msgstr "ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1355(secondary)
-msgid "disabling in yum"
-msgstr "ç¦ç”¨"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1359(secondary)
-msgid "removing from yum"
-msgstr "åˆ é™¤"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1361(para)
-msgid ""
-"Set <command>enable=0</command> in a definition file to prevent "
-"<command>yum</command> from using that repository. The <command>yum</"
-"command> utility ignores any definition file with this setting."
msgstr ""
-"在仓库的æ述文件ä¸è®¾ç½® <command>enable=0</command> å¯ä»¥ç¦æ¢ <command>yum</"
-"command> 使用这个仓库。<command>yum</command> 工具忽略包å«è¿™ä¸€è®¾ç½®çš„æè¿°æ–‡"
-"件。"
+"在 <command>yum</command> 2.1 å‘布时，仓库索引的数æ®æ ¼å¼å‘生了å˜åŒ–。在 &"
+"FC; 3 ä¸å³æ˜¯è¿™ä¸€æ ¼å¼ã€‚仓库æ供者应当说明所支æŒçš„ &FC; 版本。è¦ç¡®è®¤ä¸€ä¸ªæœª"
+"说明的仓库是å¦ä¸Žæ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ <command>yum</command> 相容，åªè¦æŸ¥çœ‹å®ƒæ˜¯å¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå«"
+"åš <filename>repodata/</filename> çš„å目录。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1368(para)
-msgid "To completely remove access to a repository:"
-msgstr "è¦å½»åº•åˆ 除一个仓库"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1373(para)
-msgid "Delete the relevant file from <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename>."
-msgstr "从 <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的文件。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1379(para)
-msgid "Delete the cache directory from <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>."
-msgstr "从 <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的缓å˜ç›®å½•ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1470(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1361(title)
msgid "Installing Software from an Isolated Package"
msgstr "从一个å•ç‹¬çš„软件包文件安装软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1473(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1364(secondary)
msgid "from a package"
msgstr "从软件包"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1474(see)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1365(see)
msgid "software, installing from a package"
msgstr "从软件包安装软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1478(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1369(secondary)
msgid "installing from a package"
msgstr "从软件包安装软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1480(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1371(para)
msgid ""
"Use repositories and the standard <command>yum</command> commands to locate "
"and install new software, unless the software package is not available from "
@@ -1738,11 +1716,11 @@ msgstr ""
"从任何一个仓库ä¸æ‰¾åˆ°ã€‚è¿™ç§æƒ…况下，åªèƒ½ç”¨ <option>localinstall</option> 功能æ¥"
"从软件包安装软件了。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1489(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1380(title)
msgid "Public Key is Required"
msgstr "必须有公钥"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1491(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1382(para)
msgid ""
"Ensure that the public key for the package source has been imported before "
"you install a package without a repository. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-"
@@ -1751,27 +1729,27 @@ msgstr ""
"ç¡®ä¿åœ¨å®‰è£…没有仓库的软件之å‰ï¼Œå·²ç»å¯¼å…¥äº†è½¯ä»¶æ¥æºçš„公钥。å‚è§ <xref linkend="
"\"sn-authorizing-package-sources\"/>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1498(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1389(para)
msgid ""
"Enter this command to install the package <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386."
"rpm</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"è¦å®‰è£…软件包 <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</filename>，输入命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1503(replaceable)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1394(replaceable)
msgid "tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm"
msgstr "tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1503(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1394(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum localinstall <placeholder-1/>'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum localinstall <placeholder-1/>'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1512(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1403(title)
msgid "Previously Installed Software is Updated"
msgstr "过去安装的软件将被更新"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1514(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1405(para)
msgid ""
"If the package provides a later version of software that is already "
"installed on your system, <command>yum</command> updates the installed "
@@ -1779,7 +1757,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"如果软件æ供了已安装软件的新版本，<command>yum</command> 将更新已安装的软件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1521(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1412(para)
msgid ""
"If the package requires software that is not installed on your system, "
"<command>yum</command> attempts to meet the dependencies with packages from "
@@ -1789,11 +1767,11 @@ msgstr ""
"如果软件包需è¦ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æœªå®‰è£…的软件，<command>yum</command> 会å°è¯•åˆ©ç”¨å·²é…置的仓"
"库æ¥æ»¡è¶³ä¾èµ–关系。您å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨ä¸‹è½½å¹¶å®‰è£…é¢å¤–的软件æ¥æ»¡è¶³æ‰€æœ‰çš„ä¾èµ–关系。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1530(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1421(title)
msgid "Maintaining Manually Installed Software"
msgstr "手动维护已安装的软件"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1532(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1423(para)
msgid ""
"If you install software that is not provided by a repository, <command>yum "
"update</command> cannot automatically upgrade it as new versions become "
@@ -1804,377 +1782,96 @@ msgstr ""
"æ— æ³•è‡ªåŠ¨æ›´æ–°å®ƒã€‚ä¸ºä¿è¯æ‚¨æ€»æ˜¯ç”¨ç€æœ€æ–°çš„软件，å¯ä»¥è®¢é˜…一份电å邮件或 RSS æœåŠ¡ï¼Œ"
"è¿™æ ·å½“æœ‰æ–°ç‰ˆæ—¶å¯ä»¥å¾—到通知。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1543(title)
-msgid "Customizing <command>yum</command>"
-msgstr "定制 <command>yum</command>"
-
-#. SE: The dictionary says "plug-in", but yum documentation uses "plugin". For consistency, I'm using "plugin" in this document.
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1545(para)
-msgid ""
-"To change the behavior of <command>yum</command>, you may either edit the "
-"configuration files, or install <firstterm>plugins</firstterm>. Plugins "
-"enable developers to add new features to <command>yum</command>."
-msgstr "è¦æ”¹å˜ <command>yum</command> çš„è¡Œä¸ºï¼Œä½ å¯ä»¥ä¿®æ”¹é…置文件，或者安装<firstterm>æ’件</firstterm>。æ’件使开å‘者å¯ä»¥å‘<command>yum</command>æ·»åŠ æ–°ç‰¹æ€§ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1553(title)
-msgid "Editing the <command>yum</command> Configuration"
-msgstr "编辑 <command>yum</command> é…ç½®"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1555(primary)
-msgid "configuration files"
-msgstr "é…置文件"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1557(para)
-msgid ""
-"The file <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> provides the main configuration "
-"for <command>yum</command>. Settings in a repository definition file "
-"override the main configuration for those operations that use the defined "
-"repository."
-msgstr "文件 <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> 是 <command>yum</command> 的主è¦é…置文件。å„仓库é…置文件ä¸çš„选项在执行与特定仓库有关的æ“作时比主é…置文件有更高效力。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1564(para)
-msgid ""
-"To edit <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>, run a text editor with "
-"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> privileges. This command "
-"opens <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> with <application>gedit</"
-"application>, the default text editor for Fedora desktop systems:"
-msgstr "è¦ä¿®æ”¹ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>，以 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> è¿è¡Œç¼–辑器。例如，用 Fedora æ¡Œé¢ç³»ç»Ÿçš„默认编辑器 <application>gedit</application> 打开 <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>："
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1572(userinput)
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "su -c 'gedit /etc/yum.conf'"
-msgstr "su -c 'gedit /etc/yum.conf'"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1580(para)
-msgid ""
-"The main configuration file provides the settings that apply to all "
-"<command>yum</command> operations. These include caching options, and proxy "
-"server settings. The directory <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> holds "
-"definition files for each repository that <command>yum</command> uses. "
-"Plugins use the configuration files in the directory <filename>/etc/yum/"
-"pluginconf.d/</filename>."
-msgstr "主é…置文件å¯ä»¥è®¾ç½® <command>yum</command> 的所有æ“作。其ä¸åŒ…括缓å˜é€‰é¡¹å’Œä»£ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨é€‰é¡¹ã€‚目录 <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 包å«ä»“库的定义文件。æ’件的é…置文件ä½äºŽ <filename>/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/</filename> 目录。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1590(para)
-msgid ""
-"The following sections in this document provide further information on "
-"configuring <command>yum</command>:"
-msgstr "æ–‡æ¡£ä¸‹åˆ—ç« èŠ‚åŒ…å«é…ç½® <command>yum</command> çš„ä¿¡æ¯ï¼š"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1620(title)
-msgid "Further Documentation"
-msgstr "更多文档"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1621(para)
-msgid ""
-"Refer to the <command>man</command> page for <filename>yum.conf</filename> "
-"for a complete list of the configuration options supported by <command>yum</"
-"command>."
-msgstr "å‚考 <filename>yum.conf</filename> çš„ <command>man</command> 手册页，其ä¸åˆ—出了 <command>yum</command> 支æŒçš„完整选项列表。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1630(title)
-msgid "Working with <command>yum</command> Plugins"
-msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> æ’件"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1632(primary)
-msgid "plugins"
-msgstr "æ’件"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1635(para)
-msgid ""
-"Each <command>yum</command> plugin is a single file, written in the Python "
-"programming language. You may download plugins from the <command>yum</"
-"command> project Web site, or from third-party providers. The <command>yum</"
-"command> project maintains a list of plugins on the page <ulink url=\"http://"
-"wiki.linux.duke.edu/YumPlugins\"/>."
-msgstr "æ¯ä¸ª <command>yum</command> æ’件是以 Python 编程è¯è¨€å†™æˆçš„ä¸€ä¸ªæ–‡ä»¶ã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥åœ¨ <command>yum</command> 项目网站下载æ’件，或者从其他ä½ç½®ä¸‹è½½ã€‚ <command>yum</command> 项目维护的æ’件列表在 <ulink url=\"http://wiki.linux.duke.edu/YumPlugins\"/>。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1644(title)
-msgid "Plugin File Extension"
-msgstr "æ’件文件扩展å"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1645(para)
-msgid ""
-"The names of <command>yum</command> plugin files end with <filename>.py</"
-"filename>, the standard extension for Python scripts."
-msgstr "<command>yum</command> æ’件文件以 <filename>.py</filename> 结尾，是 Python è„šæœ¬çš„æ ‡å‡†æ‰©å±•å。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1651(para)
-msgid ""
-"To install a plugin, copy it to the directory <filename>/usr/lib/yum-plugins/"
-"</filename>. Create a configuration file for the plugin in the directory "
-"<filename>/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/</filename>. Save the configuration file "
-"with the same name as the plugin, but with the extension <filename>.conf</"
-"filename>."
-msgstr "è¦å®‰è£…æ’件，将它å¤åˆ¶åˆ° <filename>/usr/lib/yum-plugins/</filename>。在 <filename>/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/</filename> 目录ä¸ä¸ºæ’件创建一个é…置文件，文件å与æ’件å称相åŒï¼Œæ‰©å±•åæ”¹æˆ <filename>.conf</filename>。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1661(title)
-msgid "<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> Privileges Required"
-msgstr "éœ€è¦ <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> æƒé™"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1663(para)
-msgid ""
-"You must have <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> access to add "
-"files to the directories <filename>/usr/lib/yum-plugins/</filename> and "
-"<filename>/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/</filename>."
-msgstr "您必须有 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> æƒé™æ‰èƒ½å‘ <filename>/usr/lib/yum-plugins/</filename> å’Œ <filename>/etc/yum/plugins.d/</filename> ç›®å½•æ·»åŠ æ–‡ä»¶ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1671(para)
-msgid ""
-"For example, to copy the plugin <filename>exampleplugin.py</filename>, enter "
-"the command:"
-msgstr "例如，è¦å¤åˆ¶æ’件 <filename>exampleplugin.py</filename>，输入命令："
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1676(userinput)
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "su -c 'cp exampleplugin.py /usr/lib/yum-plugins/'"
-msgstr "su -c 'cp exampleplugin.py /usr/lib/yum-plugins/'"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1434(title)
+msgid "Maintaining <command>yum</command>"
+msgstr "调整 <command>yum</command>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1684(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1436(para)
msgid ""
-"You may then create a configuration file for the plugin with a text editor. "
-"This example uses <application>gedit</application>, the default text editor "
-"for Fedora desktop systems:"
-msgstr "ä½ å¯ä»¥ç”¨æ–‡æœ¬ç¼–辑器为æ’件创建é…置文件。例如，使用 Fedora æ¡Œé¢ç³»ç»Ÿé»˜è®¤çš„编辑器 <application>gedit</application> 创建é…置文件："
+"The <command>yum</command> system does not require any routine maintenance. "
+"To ensure that <command>yum</command> operations are carried out at optimal "
+"speed, disable or remove repository definitions which you no longer require. "
+"You may also clear the files from the <command>yum</command> caches in order "
+"to recover disk space."
+msgstr ""
+"<command>yum</command> ä¸éœ€è¦ä»»ä½•æ—¥å¸¸çš„维护。为ä¿è¯ <command>yum</command> æ“"
+"作的速度，您应当ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤é‚£äº›ä¸å†éœ€è¦çš„仓库。您还å¯ä»¥åˆ 除 <command>yum</"
+"command> 缓å˜ä¸çš„文件，从而节çœç¡¬ç›˜ç©ºé—´ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1690(userinput)
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "su -c 'gedit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/exampleplugin.conf'"
-msgstr "su -c 'gedit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/exampleplugin.conf'"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1446(title)
+msgid "Disabling or Removing Package Sources"
+msgstr "ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1698(para)
-msgid ""
-"Each plugin configuration file includes the <command>enabled</command> "
-"setting. Some plugins also require additional settings. To determine the "
-"correct settings, either refer to the documentation supplied with the "
-"plugin, or read the plugin file itself with any text editor."
-msgstr "æ¯ä¸ªæ’件é…ç½®æ–‡ä»¶éƒ½åŒ…å« <command>enabled</command> 设置。一些æ’件需è¦å…¶ä»–设置。为作出æ£ç¡®çš„设置，或者å‚考æ’件æ供的文档，或者阅读æ’件代ç 本身。"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1449(secondary)
+msgid "disabling in yum"
+msgstr "ç¦ç”¨"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1707(title)
-msgid "Example Plugin Configuration File"
-msgstr "æ’件é…置文件示例"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1453(secondary)
+msgid "removing from yum"
+msgstr "åˆ é™¤"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1709(computeroutput)
-#, no-wrap
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1455(para)
msgid ""
-"[main]\n"
-"enabled=1\n"
-"anotheroption=0"
+"Set <command>enable=0</command> in a definition file to prevent "
+"<command>yum</command> from using that repository. The <command>yum</"
+"command> utility ignores any definition file with this setting."
msgstr ""
-"[main]\n"
-"enabled=1\n"
-"anotheroption=0"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1716(title)
-msgid "Plugin Installed by Default"
-msgstr "默认安装的æ’件"
+"在仓库的æ述文件ä¸è®¾ç½® <command>enable=0</command> å¯ä»¥ç¦æ¢ <command>yum</"
+"command> 使用这个仓库。<command>yum</command> 工具忽略包å«è¿™ä¸€è®¾ç½®çš„æè¿°æ–‡"
+"件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1718(para)
-msgid ""
-"<indexterm><primary>plugins</primary><secondary>installonlyn</secondary></"
-"indexterm> Fedora includes the <filename>installonlyn</filename> plugin. "
-"This plugin modifies <command>yum</command> to remove excess kernel "
-"packages, so that no more than a set number of kernels exist on the system. "
-"By default, <filename>installonlyn</filename> retains the two most current "
-"kernels, and automatically removes older kernel packages."
-msgstr "<indexterm><primary>æ’件</primary><secondary>installonlyn</secondary></indexterm> Fedora åŒ…å« <filename>installonlyn</filename> æ’件。这个æ’件使 <command>yum</command> åˆ é™¤ä¸éœ€è¦çš„å†…æ ¸è½¯ä»¶åŒ…(kernel)，在系统ä¸åªä¿ç•™æŒ‡å®šæ•°é‡çš„å†…æ ¸ã€‚ 默认情况下，<filename>installonlyn</filename> ä¿ç•™æœ€æ–°çš„ä¸¤ä¸ªå†…æ ¸ï¼Œè‡ªåŠ¨åˆ é™¤æ—§å†…æ ¸ã€‚"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1462(para)
+msgid "To completely remove access to a repository:"
+msgstr "è¦å½»åº•åˆ 除一个仓库"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1732(para)
-msgid ""
-"<indexterm><primary>plugins</primary><secondary>removing</secondary></"
-"indexterm> To remove a plugin, delete both the original file and the "
-"automatically generated bytecode file from <filename>/usr/lib/yum-plugins/</"
-"filename>. The bytecode file uses the same name as the plugin, but has the "
-"extension <filename>.pyc</filename>. Remove the relevant configuration file "
-"in <filename>/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/</filename>."
-msgstr "<indexterm><primary>æ’件</primary><secondary>åˆ é™¤</secondary></indexterm> è¦åˆ 除æ’件，需è¦åˆ 掉æºæ–‡ä»¶å’Œè‡ªåŠ¨ç”Ÿæˆçš„å—节ç 文件，都在 <filename>/usr/lib/yum-plugins/</filename> 目录。å—节ç 文件的åå—与æ’件相åŒï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æ‰©å±•å是 <filename>.pyc</filename>ã€‚åˆ é™¤ç›¸åº”çš„é…置文件，在 <filename>/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/</filename> 目录。"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1467(para)
+msgid "Delete the relevant file from <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename>."
+msgstr "从 <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的文件。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1745(para)
-msgid "This command removes the plugin <filename>exampleplugin</filename>:"
-msgstr "æ¤å‘½ä»¤åˆ 除æ’件 <filename>exampleplugin</filename>:"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1473(para)
+msgid "Delete the cache directory from <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>."
+msgstr "从 <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的缓å˜ç›®å½•ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1750(userinput)
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "su -c 'rm -f /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/exampleplugin.conf; rm -f /usr/lib/yum-plugins/exampleplugin.py*'"
-msgstr "su -c 'rm -f /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/exampleplugin.conf; rm -f /usr/lib/yum-plugins/exampleplugin.py*'"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1761(title)
-msgid "Working with <command>yum</command> Caching"
-msgstr "使用 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1763(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1767(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1831(primary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1904(primary)
-msgid "caching"
-msgstr "缓å˜"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1769(para)
-msgid ""
-"By default, current versions of <command>yum</command> delete the data files "
-"and packages that they download, after these have been successfully used for "
-"an operation. This minimizes the amount of storage space that <command>yum</"
-"command> uses. You may enable caching, so that <command>yum</command> "
-"retains the files that it downloads in cache directories."
-msgstr "默认情况下，当å‰ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ <command>yum</command> 在æˆåŠŸä¸‹è½½å’Œå®‰è£…软件包åŽï¼Œä¼šæŠŠä¸‹è½½çš„æ–‡ä»¶åˆ æŽ‰ã€‚è¿™æ ·å¯ä»¥å‡å°‘ <command>yum</command> å 用的ç£ç›˜ç©ºé—´ã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥æ‰“开缓å˜ï¼Œè¿™æ · <command>yum</command> 将在缓å˜ç›®å½•ä¿ç•™ä¸‹è½½åˆ°çš„文件。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1778(para)
-msgid "Caches provide three advantages:"
-msgstr "缓å˜å¸¦æ¥å¾ˆå¤šå¥½å¤„："
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1785(para)
-msgid "The performance of <command>yum</command> increases"
-msgstr "<command>yum</command> 的性能å¯ä»¥æ高"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1790(para)
-msgid ""
-"You may carry out <command>yum</command> operations without a network "
-"connection, by using only the caches"
-msgstr "ä½ å¯ä»¥ç¦»çº¿è¿è¡Œ <command>yum</command> æ“作，åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1796(para)
-msgid "You may copy packages from the caches and reuse them elsewhere"
-msgstr "ä½ å¯ä»¥å¤åˆ¶ç¼“å˜ä¸çš„软件包以备用"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1804(para)
-msgid ""
-"By default, <command>yum</command> stores temporary files under the "
-"directory <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename>, with one subdirectory for "
-"each configured repository. The <filename>packages/</filename> directory "
-"within each repository directory holds the cached packages. For example, the "
-"directory <filename>/var/cache/yum/development/packages/</filename> holds "
-"packages downloaded from the <filename>development</filename> repository."
-msgstr "默认情况下，<command>yum</command> 在 <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 目录ä¿å˜ä¸´æ—¶æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œæ¯ä¸ªä»“库都有自己的åç›®å½•ã€‚ä»“åº“ç›®å½•ä¸ <filename>packages/</filename> å目录包å«äº†ç¼“å˜çš„软件包。例如，目录 <filename>/var/cache/yum/development/packages/</filename> 包å«ä»Ž <filename>development</filename> 仓库下载的软件包。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1815(title)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1902(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1563(title)
msgid "Clearing the <command>yum</command> Caches"
msgstr "清空 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1816(para)
-msgid ""
-"Cached files use disk space until removed. You may wish to periodically "
-"clear the <command>yum</command> caches to recover capacity. Refer to <xref "
-"linkend=\"sn-yum-clearance\"/> for information on clearing the caches."
-msgstr "缓å˜æ–‡ä»¶å 用一定ç£ç›˜ç©ºé—´ã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥å®šæœŸè®© <command>yum</command> 清ç†ç¼“å˜ä»¥èŠ‚çœç©ºé—´ã€‚请å‚考 <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-clearance\"/>。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1823(para)
-msgid ""
-"If you remove a package from the cache, you do not affect the copy of the "
-"software installed on your system."
-msgstr "从缓å˜ä¸åˆ 除软件包ä¸ä¼šå½±å“å·²ç»å®‰è£…的软件。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1829(title)
-msgid "Enabling the Caches"
-msgstr "å¯ç”¨ç¼“å˜"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1832(secondary)
-msgid "enabling"
-msgstr "enabling"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1834(para)
-msgid ""
-"To configure <command>yum</command> to retain downloaded files rather than "
-"discarding them, set the <command>keepcache</command> option in <filename>/"
-"etc/yum.conf</filename> to <userinput>1</userinput>:"
-msgstr "è¦é…ç½® <command>yum</command> ä¿ç•™å·²ä¸‹è½½çš„文件而ä¸æ˜¯åˆ 除，设置 <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> ä¸çš„ <command>keepcache</command> 选项为 <userinput>1</userinput>："
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1841(computeroutput)
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"\n"
-"keepcache=1\n"
-msgstr "\nkeepcache=1\n"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1845(para)
-msgid ""
-"Refer to <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-configfiles\"/> for more information on "
-"editing the <command>yum</command> configuration file."
-msgstr "关于编辑 <command>yum</command> é…置文件请å‚考 <xref linkend=\"sn-yum-configfiles\"/>。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1851(para)
-msgid ""
-"Once you enable caching, every <command>yum</command> operation may download "
-"package data from the configured repositories. To ensure that the caches "
-"have a set of package data, carry out an operation after you enable caching. "
-"Use a <option>list</option> or <option>search</option> query to download "
-"package data without modifying your system."
-msgstr "打开缓å˜åŽï¼Œæ¯ä¸ª <command>yum</command> æ“作都å¯èƒ½ä»Žä»“库下载软件包数æ®ã€‚è¦ä¿è¯ç¼“å˜åŒ…å«äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…æ•°æ®ï¼Œåœ¨å¯ç”¨ç¼“å˜åŽè¿è¡Œä¸€ä¸ªæ“作，例如 <option>list</option> 或 <option>search</option> æ¥ä¸‹è½½è½¯ä»¶åŒ…æ•°æ®è€Œä¸å½±å“系统。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1862(title)
-msgid "Using <command>yum</command> in Cache-only Mode"
-msgstr "在åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜çš„模å¼ä¸‹ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command>"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1865(secondary)
-msgid "cache-only mode"
-msgstr "åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜çš„模å¼"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1867(para)
-msgid ""
-"To carry out a <command>yum</command> command without a network connection, "
-"add the <option>-C</option> option. This causes <command>yum</command> to "
-"proceed without checking any network repositories, and use only cached "
-"files. In this mode, <command>yum</command> may only install packages that "
-"have been downloaded and cached by a previous operation."
-msgstr "è¦åœ¨æ²¡æœ‰ç½‘络的情况下执行 <command>yum</command>，åªè¦å¯ç”¨äº†ç¼“å˜ï¼Œå°±å¯ä»¥ç”¨ <option>-C</option> é€‰é¡¹ã€‚è¿™æ · <command>yum</command> å°±ä¸ä¼šæ£€æŸ¥ç½‘络上的仓库，åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜ã€‚在这个模å¼ä¸ï¼Œ<command>yum</command> åªèƒ½å®‰è£…已下载并缓å˜çš„软件包。"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1876(para)
-msgid ""
-"To search for the package <filename>tsclient</filename> without using a "
-"network connection, enter the command:"
-msgstr "è¦åœ¨æ²¡æœ‰ç½‘络连接的时候æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶åŒ… <filename>tsclient</filename>，输入命令："
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1881(userinput)
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "su -c 'yum -C list <placeholder-1/>'"
-msgstr "su -c 'yum -C list <placeholder-1/>'"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1890(title)
-msgid "Cache-only Mode Requires Cached Data"
-msgstr "åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜çš„模å¼éœ€è¦å·²ç¼“å˜çš„æ•°æ®"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1892(para)
-msgid ""
-"Cache-only mode requires package data to exist in the caches. If you enable "
-"caching, every <command>yum</command> operation may update the data files, "
-"unless cache-only mode is specified for the operation."
-msgstr "åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜çš„模å¼è¦æ±‚软件包数æ®è¢«ä¿ç•™åœ¨ç¼“å˜ä¸ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ å¯ç”¨äº†ç¼“å˜ï¼Œæ¯æ¬¡æ‰§è¡Œ <command>yum</command> 都会更新缓å˜æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œé™¤éžæŒ‡å®šäº†åªä½¿ç”¨ç¼“å˜çš„模å¼ã€‚"
-
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1905(secondary)
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1909(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1566(secondary)
msgid "cleaning caches"
msgstr "清空缓å˜"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1911(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1568(para)
msgid ""
-"If you configure it to do so, <command>yum</command> retains the packages "
-"and package data files that it downloads, so that they may be reused in "
-"future operations without being downloaded again. To purge the package data "
-"files, use this command:"
-msgstr "å¦‚æžœè¿™æ ·é…置，<command>yum</command> ä¿ç•™å®ƒä¸‹è½½çš„软件包和软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°†æ¥å¯ä»¥å¤ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼Œä¸å¿…é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¦åˆ 除软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨å‘½ä»¤ï¼š"
+"By default, <command>yum</command> retains the packages and package data "
+"files that it downloads, so that they may be reused in future operations "
+"without being downloaded again. To purge the package data files, use this "
+"command:"
+msgstr ""
+"默认情况下，<command>yum</command> ä¿ç•™å®ƒä¸‹è½½çš„软件包和软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°†æ¥"
+"å¯ä»¥å¤ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼Œä¸å¿…é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¦åˆ 除软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨å‘½ä»¤ï¼š"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1918(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1575(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum clean headers'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum clean headers'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1920(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1577(para)
msgid "Run this command to remove all of the packages held in the caches:"
msgstr "è¦åˆ 除缓å˜ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…，使用命令："
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1925(userinput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1582(userinput)
#, no-wrap
msgid "su -c 'yum clean packages'"
msgstr "su -c 'yum clean packages'"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1927(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1584(para)
msgid ""
"When using these commands, at the prompt, enter the password for the "
"<systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> account."
msgstr ""
"在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1932(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1589(para)
msgid ""
"Purging cached files causes those files to downloaded again the next time "
"that they are required. This increases the amount of time required to "
@@ -2183,19 +1880,19 @@ msgstr ""
"åˆ é™¤å·²ç¼“å˜çš„文件，下次需è¦å®ƒä»¬æ—¶ï¼Œå¿…é¡»é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œå®Œæˆæ“作需è¦çš„时间会增"
"åŠ ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1941(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1598(title)
msgid "Using <command>yum</command> with a Proxy Server"
msgstr "有代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨æ—¶ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1943(primary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1600(primary)
msgid "proxy server"
msgstr "代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1947(secondary)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1604(secondary)
msgid "using with a proxy server"
msgstr "有代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨æ—¶çš„使用"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1949(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1606(para)
msgid ""
"By default, <command>yum</command> accesses network repositories with HTTP. "
"All <command>yum</command> HTTP operations use HTTP/1.1, and are compatible "
@@ -2210,24 +1907,27 @@ msgstr ""
"ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ã€‚<filename>squid</filename> 软件包åŒæ—¶æ供了 HTTP/1.1 å’Œ FTP 连接的"
"代ç†æœåŠ¡ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1959(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1616(title)
msgid "Modifying <command>yum</command> for Network Compatibility"
msgstr "为网络兼容性调整 <command>yum</command>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1960(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1617(para)
msgid ""
"Refer to the <command>man</command> page for <filename>yum.conf</filename> "
"for information on HTTP settings that may be modified for compatibility with "
"nonstandard web proxy servers. Alternatively, configure <command>yum</"
"command> to use an FTP proxy server, and access repositories that support "
-"FTP. The Fedora repositories support both HTTP and FTP."
-msgstr "请å‚考 <filename>yum.conf</filename> 的手册页ä¸ï¼Œå¯ä¿®æ”¹çš„ HTTP 设置，以与éžæ ‡å‡†çš„ web 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å…¼å®¹ã€‚或者，é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用 FTP 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å¹¶è®¿é—® FTP 仓库。Fedora 仓库åŒæ—¶æ”¯æŒ HTTP å’Œ FTP。"
+"FTP. The &FED; repositories support both HTTP and FTP."
+msgstr ""
+"请å‚考 <filename>yum.conf</filename> 的手册页ä¸ï¼Œå¯ä¿®æ”¹çš„ HTTP 设置，以与éžæ ‡"
+"准的 web 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å…¼å®¹ã€‚或者，é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用 FTP 代ç†æœåŠ¡"
+"器并访问 FTP 仓库。&FED; 仓库åŒæ—¶æ”¯æŒ HTTP å’Œ FTP。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1970(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1627(title)
msgid "Configuring Proxy Server Access"
msgstr "é…置代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è®¿é—®"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1972(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1629(para)
msgid ""
"To enable all <command>yum</command> operations to use a proxy server, "
"specify the proxy server details in <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>. The "
@@ -2242,7 +1942,7 @@ msgstr ""
"用户å和密ç ，å¯ä»¥ç”¨ <option>proxy_username</option> å’Œ "
"<option>proxy_password</option> é…置项æ¥æŒ‡å®šå®ƒä»¬ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1983(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1640(para)
msgid ""
"The settings below enable <command>yum</command> to use the proxy server "
"<systemitem class=\"systemname\">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>, "
@@ -2254,11 +1954,11 @@ msgstr ""
"<systemitem class=\"username\">yum-user</systemitem>，密ç "
"<systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1995(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1652(title)
msgid "Configuration File Settings for Using A Proxy Server"
msgstr "é…置文件设定，以使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:1997(computeroutput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1654(computeroutput)
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# The proxy server - proxy server:port number\n"
@@ -2273,11 +1973,11 @@ msgstr ""
"proxy_username=yum-user\n"
"proxy_password=qwerty"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2006(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1663(title)
msgid "Global Settings"
msgstr "全局设置"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2008(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1665(para)
msgid ""
"If you define a proxy server in <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename>, "
"<emphasis>all</emphasis> users connect to the proxy server with those "
@@ -2286,11 +1986,11 @@ msgstr ""
"如果您在 <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> ä¸å®šä¹‰ä»£ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œ<emphasis>所有"
"</emphasis> 用户在使用 <command>yum</command> 时都会应用这个代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è®¾ç½®ã€‚"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2018(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1675(title)
msgid "Configuring Proxy Server Access for a Single User"
msgstr "为å•ä¸ªç”¨æˆ·é…置代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2020(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1677(para)
msgid ""
"To enable proxy access for a specific user, add the lines in the example box "
"below to the user's shell profile. For the default <command>bash</command> "
@@ -2305,11 +2005,11 @@ msgstr ""
"器 <systemitem class=\"systemname\">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>，连接端"
"å£å· 3128。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2032(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1689(title)
msgid "Profile Settings for Using a Proxy Server"
msgstr "é…置设定，为使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2034(computeroutput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1691(computeroutput)
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# The Web proxy server used by this account\n"
@@ -2320,7 +2020,7 @@ msgstr ""
"http_proxy=\"http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128\"\n"
"export http_proxy"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2040(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1697(para)
msgid ""
"If the proxy server requires a username and password, add these to the URL. "
"To include the username <systemitem class=\"username\">yum-user</systemitem> "
@@ -2330,11 +2030,11 @@ msgstr ""
"class=\"username\">yum-user</systemitem>，密ç <systemitem>qwerty</"
"systemitem>ï¼Œæ·»åŠ è®¾å®šï¼š"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2048(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1705(title)
msgid "Profile Settings for a Secured Proxy Server"
msgstr "é…置设定，针对安全的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2050(computeroutput)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1707(computeroutput)
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# The Web proxy server, with the username and password for this account\n"
@@ -2345,11 +2045,11 @@ msgstr ""
"http_proxy=\"http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128\"\n"
"export http_proxy"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2057(title)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1714(title)
msgid "The <option>http_proxy</option> Environment Variable"
msgstr "环境å˜é‡ <option>http_proxy</option>"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2059(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1716(para)
msgid ""
"The <command>http_proxy</command> environment variable is also used by "
"<command>curl</command> and other utilities. Although <command>yum</command> "
@@ -2362,16 +2062,395 @@ msgstr ""
"<command>http_proxy</command>，<command>curl</command> è¦æ±‚环境å˜é‡çš„å称是å°"
"写。"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2074(title)
-msgid "Acknowledgments"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1731(title)
+msgid "Acknowledgements"
msgstr "æ„Ÿè°¢"
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:2076(para)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:1733(para)
msgid ""
"Paul Frields edited this document. Timothy Murphy reviewed the beta release."
msgstr "Paul Frields 编辑了本文档。Timothy Murphy 检视了 BETA å‘布。"
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:18(article)
+msgid ""
+"&FDP-INFO; <section id=\"sn-introduction\"><placeholder-1/><section id="
+"\"sn-purpose\"><placeholder-2/><placeholder-3/></section><section id=\"sn-"
+"software-management-audience\"><placeholder-4/><placeholder-5/></"
+"section><section id=\"sn-software-management-usingdoc\"><placeholder-6/"
+"><placeholder-7/><note><placeholder-8/><placeholder-9/></note><placeholder-"
+"10/><important><placeholder-11/><placeholder-12/></important></"
+"section><section id=\"sn-yum-additional-resources\"><placeholder-13/"
+"><indexterm><placeholder-14/><placeholder-15/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-16/><placeholder-17/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-18/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-19/>\n"
+"</screen><indexterm><placeholder-20/><placeholder-21/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-22/><placeholder-23/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-24/><placeholder-25/><tip><placeholder-26/"
+"><placeholder-27/></tip></section></section><section id=\"sn-software-"
+"management-concepts\"><placeholder-28/><section id=\"sn-about-packages"
+"\"><placeholder-29/><indexterm><placeholder-30/><placeholder-31/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-32/><placeholder-33/><note><placeholder-34/"
+"><placeholder-35/></note></section><section id=\"sn-about-repositories"
+"\"><placeholder-36/><indexterm><placeholder-37/><placeholder-38/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-39/><placeholder-40/><placeholder-41/"
+"><note><placeholder-42/><placeholder-43/></note><warning><placeholder-44/"
+"><placeholder-45/></warning><placeholder-46/><indexterm><placeholder-47/"
+"><placeholder-48/></indexterm><placeholder-49/><note><placeholder-50/"
+"><placeholder-51/></note><placeholder-52/><caution><placeholder-53/"
+"><placeholder-54/><placeholder-55/></caution></section><section id=\"sn-"
+"about-dependencies\"><placeholder-56/><indexterm><placeholder-57/"
+"><placeholder-58/></indexterm><placeholder-59/><placeholder-60/></"
+"section><section id=\"sn-package-names\"><placeholder-61/"
+"><indexterm><placeholder-62/><placeholder-63/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-64/><placeholder-65/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-66/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-67/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-68/><placeholder-69/><placeholder-70/><placeholder-71/"
+"><placeholder-72/><placeholder-73/><placeholder-74/><tip><placeholder-75/"
+"><placeholder-76/></tip></section></section><section id=\"sn-software-"
+"management-tools\"><placeholder-77/><indexterm><placeholder-78/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-79/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-80/"
+"></indexterm><placeholder-81/><placeholder-82/><placeholder-83/><placeholder-"
+"84/><caution><placeholder-85/><placeholder-86/></caution></section><section "
+"id=\"sn-managing-packages\"><placeholder-87/><indexterm><placeholder-88/"
+"><placeholder-89/></indexterm><placeholder-90/><placeholder-91/"
+"><important><placeholder-92/><placeholder-93/></important><placeholder-94/"
+"><placeholder-95/><placeholder-96/><example id=\"yum-transaction-format"
+"\"><placeholder-97/><placeholder-98/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-99/>\n"
+"</screen></example><placeholder-100/><note><placeholder-101/><placeholder-"
+"102/></note><placeholder-103/><example id=\"yum-publickey-import"
+"\"><placeholder-104/><placeholder-105/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-106/>\n"
+"</screen></example><placeholder-107/><placeholder-108/><placeholder-109/"
+"><tip><placeholder-110/><placeholder-111/></tip><section id=\"sn-yum-"
+"installing-withrepositories\"><placeholder-112/><indexterm><placeholder-113/"
+"><placeholder-114/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-115/><placeholder-116/"
+"></indexterm><placeholder-117/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-118/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-119/><placeholder-120/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-121/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-122/><important><placeholder-123/><placeholder-124/></"
+"important></section><section id=\"sn-yum-updating-withrepositories"
+"\"><placeholder-125/><indexterm><placeholder-126/><placeholder-127/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-128/><placeholder-129/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-130/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-131/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-132/><important><placeholder-133/><placeholder-134/></"
+"important><placeholder-135/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-136/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-137/><note><placeholder-138/><placeholder-139/></"
+"note></section><section id=\"sn-yum-removing-software\"><placeholder-140/"
+"><indexterm><placeholder-141/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-142/"
+"><placeholder-143/></indexterm><placeholder-144/><placeholder-145/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-146/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-147/><placeholder-148/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-149/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-150/><note><placeholder-151/><placeholder-152/></"
+"note></section></section><section id=\"sn-searching-packages\"><placeholder-"
+"153/><indexterm><placeholder-154/><placeholder-155/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-156/><placeholder-157/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-158/><placeholder-159/><section id=\"sn-searching-"
+"packages-byname\"><placeholder-160/><placeholder-161/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-162/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-163/><placeholder-164/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-165/>\n"
+"</screen><note><placeholder-166/><placeholder-167/></note></section><section "
+"id=\"sn-searching-packages-advanced\"><placeholder-168/><placeholder-169/"
+"><placeholder-170/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-171/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-172/><placeholder-173/><placeholder-174/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-175/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-176/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-177/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-178/><placeholder-179/><placeholder-180/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-181/>\n"
+"</screen><tip><placeholder-182/><placeholder-183/></tip></section><section "
+"id=\"sn-package-matches\"><placeholder-184/><placeholder-185/><placeholder-"
+"186/></section></section><section id=\"sn-updating-your-system"
+"\"><placeholder-187/><indexterm><placeholder-188/><placeholder-189/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-190/><placeholder-191/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-192/><placeholder-193/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-194/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-195/><section id=\"sn-automatic-updating"
+"\"><placeholder-196/><indexterm><placeholder-197/></indexterm><placeholder-"
+"198/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-199/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-200/><note><placeholder-201/><placeholder-202/></"
+"note></section></section><section id=\"sn-using-repositories\"><placeholder-"
+"203/><indexterm><placeholder-204/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-205/"
+"><placeholder-206/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-207/><placeholder-208/"
+"></indexterm><placeholder-209/><note><placeholder-210/><placeholder-211/></"
+"note><placeholder-212/><section id=\"sn-adding-repositories\"><placeholder-"
+"213/><indexterm><placeholder-214/><placeholder-215/></indexterm><placeholder-"
+"216/><tip><placeholder-217/><placeholder-218/></tip><placeholder-219/"
+"><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-220/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-221/><placeholder-222/><note><placeholder-223/"
+"><placeholder-224/></note></section><section id=\"sn-authorizing-package-"
+"sources\"><placeholder-225/><indexterm><placeholder-226/><placeholder-227/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-228/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-229/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-230/><placeholder-231/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-232/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-233/><important><placeholder-234/><placeholder-235/></"
+"important></section><section id=\"sn-compat-repositories\"><placeholder-236/"
+"><indexterm><placeholder-237/><placeholder-238/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-239/><placeholder-240/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-241/><placeholder-242/><placeholder-243/"
+"><caution><placeholder-244/><placeholder-245/></caution><placeholder-246/"
+"><tip><placeholder-247/><placeholder-248/></tip></section></section><section "
+"id=\"sn-yum-installing-frompackage\"><placeholder-249/"
+"><indexterm><placeholder-250/><placeholder-251/><placeholder-252/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-253/><placeholder-254/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-255/><important><placeholder-256/><placeholder-257/></"
+"important><placeholder-258/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-259/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-260/><note><placeholder-261/><placeholder-262/></"
+"note><placeholder-263/><caution><placeholder-264/><placeholder-265/></"
+"caution></section><section id=\"sn-yum-maintenance\"><placeholder-266/"
+"><placeholder-267/><section id=\"sn-removing-sources\"><placeholder-268/"
+"><indexterm><placeholder-269/><placeholder-270/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-271/><placeholder-272/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-273/><placeholder-274/><procedure><step><placeholder-"
+"275/></step><step><placeholder-276/></step></procedure></section><section id="
+"\"sn-yum-clearance\"><placeholder-277/><indexterm><placeholder-278/"
+"><placeholder-279/></indexterm><placeholder-280/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-281/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-282/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-283/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-284/><placeholder-285/></section></section><section id="
+"\"sn-yum-proxy-server\"><placeholder-286/><indexterm><placeholder-287/></"
+"indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-288/><placeholder-289/></"
+"indexterm><placeholder-290/><tip><placeholder-291/><placeholder-292/></"
+"tip><section id=\"sn-yum-proxy-server-global\"><placeholder-293/"
+"><placeholder-294/><placeholder-295/><example id=\"config-file-httpproxy"
+"\"><placeholder-296/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-297/>\n"
+"</screen></example><note><placeholder-298/><placeholder-299/></note></"
+"section><section id=\"sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser\"><placeholder-300/"
+"><placeholder-301/><example id=\"profile-script-httpproxy\"><placeholder-302/"
+"><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-303/>\n"
+"</screen></example><placeholder-304/><example id=\"profile-script-httpproxy-"
+"withpassword\"><placeholder-305/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-306/>\n"
+"</screen></example><note><placeholder-307/><placeholder-308/></note></"
+"section></section><section id=\"sn-acknowledgements\"><placeholder-309/"
+"><placeholder-310/></section><index id=\"generated-index\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+"&FDP-INFO; <section id=\"sn-introduction\"><placeholder-1/><section id=\"sn-purpose\"><placeholder-2/><placeholder-3/></section><section id=\"sn-software-management-audience\"><placeholder-4/><placeholder-5/></section><section id=\"sn-software-management-usingdoc\"><placeholder-6/><placeholder-7/><note><placeholder-8/><placeholder-9/></note><placeholder-10/><important><placeholder-11/><placeholder-12/></important></section><section id=\"sn-yum-additional-resources\"><placeholder-13/><indexterm><placeholder-14/><placeholder-15/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-16/><placeholder-17/></indexterm><placeholder-18/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-19/>\n"
+"</screen><indexterm><placeholder-20/><placeholder-21/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-22/><placeholder-23/></indexterm><placeholder-24/><placeholder-25/><tip><placeholder-26/><placeholder-27/></tip></section></section><section id=\"sn-software-management-concepts\"><placeholder-28/><section id=\"sn-about-packages\"><placeholder-29/><indexterm><placeholder-30/><placeholder-31/></indexterm><placeholder-32/><placeholder-33/><note><placeholder-34/><placeholder-35/></note></section><section id=\"sn-about-repositories\"><placeholder-36/><indexterm><placeholder-37/><placeholder-38/></indexterm><placeholder-39/><placeholder-40/><placeholder-41/><note><placeholder-42/><placeholder-43/></note><warning><placeholder-44/><placeholder-45/></warning><placeholder-46/><indexterm><placeholder-47/><placeholder-48/></indexterm><placeholder-49/><note><placeholder-50/><placeholder-51/></note><placeholder-52/><caution><placeholder-53/><placeholder-54/><placeholder-55/></caution></section><sec
tion id=\"sn-about-dependencies\"><placeholder-56/><indexterm><placeholder-57/><placeholder-58/></indexterm><placeholder-59/><placeholder-60/></section><section id=\"sn-package-names\"><placeholder-61/><indexterm><placeholder-62/><placeholder-63/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-64/><placeholder-65/></indexterm><placeholder-66/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-67/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-68/><placeholder-69/><placeholder-70/><placeholder-71/><placeholder-72/><placeholder-73/><placeholder-74/><tip><placeholder-75/><placeholder-76/></tip></section></section><section id=\"sn-software-management-tools\"><placeholder-77/><indexterm><placeholder-78/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-79/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-80/></indexterm><placeholder-81/><placeholder-82/><placeholder-83/><placeholder-84/><caution><placeholder-85/><placeholder-86/></caution></section><section id=\"sn-managing-packages\"><placeholder-87/><indexterm><placeholder-88/><placeholder-89/></indexterm><placeholder-90/><placeholder-91/><important><placeholder-92/><placeholder-93/></important><placeholder-94/><placeholder-95/><placeholder-96/><example id=\"yum-transaction-format\"><placeholder-97/><placeholder-98/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-99/>\n"
+"</screen></example><placeholder-100/><note><placeholder-101/><placeholder-102/></note><placeholder-103/><example id=\"yum-publickey-import\"><placeholder-104/><placeholder-105/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-106/>\n"
+"</screen></example><placeholder-107/><placeholder-108/><placeholder-109/><tip><placeholder-110/><placeholder-111/></tip><section id=\"sn-yum-installing-withrepositories\"><placeholder-112/><indexterm><placeholder-113/><placeholder-114/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-115/><placeholder-116/></indexterm><placeholder-117/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-118/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-119/><placeholder-120/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-121/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-122/><important><placeholder-123/><placeholder-124/></important></section><section id=\"sn-yum-updating-withrepositories\"><placeholder-125/><indexterm><placeholder-126/><placeholder-127/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-128/><placeholder-129/></indexterm><placeholder-130/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-131/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-132/><important><placeholder-133/><placeholder-134/></important><placeholder-135/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-136/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-137/><note><placeholder-138/><placeholder-139/></note></section><section id=\"sn-yum-removing-software\"><placeholder-140/><indexterm><placeholder-141/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-142/><placeholder-143/></indexterm><placeholder-144/><placeholder-145/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-146/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-147/><placeholder-148/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-149/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-150/><note><placeholder-151/><placeholder-152/></note></section></section><section id=\"sn-searching-packages\"><placeholder-153/><indexterm><placeholder-154/><placeholder-155/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-156/><placeholder-157/></indexterm><placeholder-158/><placeholder-159/><section id=\"sn-searching-packages-byname\"><placeholder-160/><placeholder-161/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-162/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-163/><placeholder-164/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-165/>\n"
+"</screen><note><placeholder-166/><placeholder-167/></note></section><section id=\"sn-searching-packages-advanced\"><placeholder-168/><placeholder-169/><placeholder-170/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-171/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-172/><placeholder-173/><placeholder-174/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-175/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-176/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-177/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-178/><placeholder-179/><placeholder-180/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-181/>\n"
+"</screen><tip><placeholder-182/><placeholder-183/></tip></section><section id=\"sn-package-matches\"><placeholder-184/><placeholder-185/><placeholder-186/></section></section><section id=\"sn-updating-your-system\"><placeholder-187/><indexterm><placeholder-188/><placeholder-189/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-190/><placeholder-191/></indexterm><placeholder-192/><placeholder-193/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-194/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-195/><section id=\"sn-automatic-updating\"><placeholder-196/><indexterm><placeholder-197/></indexterm><placeholder-198/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-199/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-200/><note><placeholder-201/><placeholder-202/></note></section></section><section id=\"sn-using-repositories\"><placeholder-203/><indexterm><placeholder-204/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-205/><placeholder-206/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-207/><placeholder-208/></indexterm><placeholder-209/><note><placeholder-210/><placeholder-211/></note><placeholder-212/><section id=\"sn-adding-repositories\"><placeholder-213/><indexterm><placeholder-214/><placeholder-215/></indexterm><placeholder-216/><tip><placeholder-217/><placeholder-218/></tip><placeholder-219/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-220/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-221/><placeholder-222/><note><placeholder-223/><placeholder-224/></note></section><section id=\"sn-authorizing-package-sources\"><placeholder-225/><indexterm><placeholder-226/><placeholder-227/></indexterm><placeholder-228/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-229/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-230/><placeholder-231/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-232/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-233/><important><placeholder-234/><placeholder-235/></important></section><section id=\"sn-compat-repositories\"><placeholder-236/><indexterm><placeholder-237/><placeholder-238/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-239/><placeholder-240/></indexterm><placeholder-241/><placeholder-242/><placeholder-243/><caution><placeholder-244/><placeholder-245/></caution><placeholder-246/><tip><placeholder-247/><placeholder-248/></tip></section></section><section id=\"sn-yum-installing-frompackage\"><placeholder-249/><indexterm><placeholder-250/><placeholder-251/><placeholder-252/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-253/><placeholder-254/></indexterm><placeholder-255/><important><placeholder-256/><placeholder-257/></important><placeholder-258/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-259/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-260/><note><placeholder-261/><placeholder-262/></note><placeholder-263/><caution><placeholder-264/><placeholder-265/></caution></section><section id=\"sn-yum-maintenance\"><placeholder-266/><placeholder-267/><section id=\"sn-removing-sources\"><placeholder-268/><indexterm><placeholder-269/><placeholder-270/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-271/><placeholder-272/></indexterm><placeholder-273/><placeholder-274/><procedure><step><placeholder-275/></step><step><placeholder-276/></step></procedure></section><section id=\"sn-yum-clearance\"><placeholder-277/><indexterm><placeholder-278/><placeholder-279/></indexterm><placeholder-280/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-281/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-282/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-283/>\n"
+"</screen><placeholder-284/><placeholder-285/></section></section><section id=\"sn-yum-proxy-server\"><placeholder-286/><indexterm><placeholder-287/></indexterm><indexterm><placeholder-288/><placeholder-289/></indexterm><placeholder-290/><tip><placeholder-291/><placeholder-292/></tip><section id=\"sn-yum-proxy-server-global\"><placeholder-293/><placeholder-294/><placeholder-295/><example id=\"config-file-httpproxy\"><placeholder-296/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-297/>\n"
+"</screen></example><note><placeholder-298/><placeholder-299/></note></section><section id=\"sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser\"><placeholder-300/><placeholder-301/><example id=\"profile-script-httpproxy\"><placeholder-302/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-303/>\n"
+"</screen></example><placeholder-304/><example id=\"profile-script-httpproxy-withpassword\"><placeholder-305/><screen>\n"
+"<placeholder-306/>\n"
+"</screen></example><note><placeholder-307/><placeholder-308/></note></section></section><section id=\"sn-acknowledgements\"><placeholder-309/><placeholder-310/></section><index id=\"generated-index\"/>"
+
#. Put one translator per line, in the form of NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2.
-#: en_US/yum-software-management.xml:0(None)
+#: en/yum-software-management-en.xml:0(None)
msgid "translator-credits"
-msgstr "bbbush <bbbush.yuan at gmail.com>, 2005, 2007"
+msgstr "bbbush <bbbush.yuan at gmail.com>, 2005"
+
+#~ msgid "2005"
+#~ msgstr "2005"
+
+#~ msgid "Stuart Ellis"
+#~ msgstr "Stuart Ellis"
+
+#~ msgid "Ellis"
+#~ msgstr "Ellis"
+
+#~ msgid "Stuart"
+#~ msgstr "Stuart"
+
+#~ msgid "0.4"
+#~ msgstr "0.4"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-06-01"
+#~ msgstr "2005-06-01"
+
+#~ msgid "StuartEllis"
+#~ msgstr "StuartEllis"
+
+#~ msgid "Initial import into CVS."
+#~ msgstr "导入 CVS。"
+
+#~ msgid "0.5"
+#~ msgstr "0.5"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-07-19"
+#~ msgstr "2005-07-19"
+
+#~ msgid "Updated for &FC; &FCLOCALVER;."
+#~ msgstr "为 &FC; &FCLOCALVER; 更新。"
+
+#~ msgid "0.6"
+#~ msgstr "0.6"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-07-25"
+#~ msgstr "2005-07-25"
+
+#~ msgid "PaulWFrields"
+#~ msgstr "PaulWFrields"
+
+# ä¿®æ£æ ·å¼å’Œç”¨æ³•ï¼›å‘布 BETA。
+#~ msgid "Edited for style and usage; BETA publication."
+#~ msgstr "ä¿®æ£æ ·å¼å’Œç”¨æ³•ï¼›å‘布 BETA。"
+
+#~ msgid "1.0"
+#~ msgstr "1.0"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-08-13"
+#~ msgstr "2005-08-13"
+
+#~ msgid "Publish to official project page."
+#~ msgstr "æ£å¼å‘表于项目网站。"
+
+#~ msgid "1.0.1"
+#~ msgstr "1.0.1"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-08-18"
+#~ msgstr "2005-08-18"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Added information on installing without repository and manually adding "
+#~ "keys."
+#~ msgstr "æ·»åŠ æœ‰å…³æ— ä»“åº“æ—¶çš„å®‰è£…å’Œæ‰‹åŠ¨æ·»åŠ å¯†é’¥çš„å†…å®¹ã€‚"
+
+#~ msgid "1.0.2"
+#~ msgstr "1.0.2"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-08-26"
+#~ msgstr "2005-08-26"
+
+#~ msgid "Fix localinstall information."
+#~ msgstr "ä¿®æ£æœ¬åœ°å®‰è£…的内容。"
+
+#~ msgid "1.0.3"
+#~ msgstr "1.0.3"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-10-13"
+#~ msgstr "2005-10-13"
+
+#~ msgid "Fix wording (#170584)."
+#~ msgstr "ä¿®æ£ç”¨è¯ (#170584)。"
+
+#~ msgid "1.0.4"
+#~ msgstr "1.0.4"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-11-15"
+#~ msgstr "2005-11-15"
+
+#~ msgid "Updated section on proxy servers. Fixed #166122."
+#~ msgstr "更新代ç†æœåŠ¡ç›¸å…³å†…å®¹ï¼Œä¿®æ£ #166122。"
+
+#~ msgid "1.0.5"
+#~ msgstr "1.0.5"
+
+#~ msgid "2005-11-28"
+#~ msgstr "2005-11-28"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Fixed some uses of \"&FED;\" to read \"&FC;\" where appropriate."
+#~ msgstr "在æŸäº›åœ°æ–¹ä½¿ç”¨ \"&FC;\" 代替 \"&FED;\"。"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<placeholder-1/><copyright><placeholder-2/><placeholder-3/></"
+#~ "copyright><authorgroup><author><placeholder-4/><placeholder-5/></author></"
+#~ "authorgroup> &LEGALNOTICE; <revhistory><revision><placeholder-6/"
+#~ "><placeholder-7/><placeholder-8/><revdescription><placeholder-9/></"
+#~ "revdescription></revision><revision><placeholder-10/><placeholder-11/"
+#~ "><placeholder-12/><revdescription><placeholder-13/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-14/><placeholder-15/><placeholder-16/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-17/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-18/><placeholder-19/><placeholder-20/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-21/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-22/><placeholder-23/><placeholder-24/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-25/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-26/><placeholder-27/><placeholder-28/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-29/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-30/><placeholder-31/><placeholder-32/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-33/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-34/><placeholder-35/><placeholder-36/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-37/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-38/><placeholder-39/><placeholder-40/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-41/></revdescription></revision></"
+#~ "revhistory>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<placeholder-1/><copyright><placeholder-2/><placeholder-3/></"
+#~ "copyright><authorgroup><author><placeholder-4/><placeholder-5/></author></"
+#~ "authorgroup> &LEGALNOTICE; <revhistory><revision><placeholder-6/"
+#~ "><placeholder-7/><placeholder-8/><revdescription><placeholder-9/></"
+#~ "revdescription></revision><revision><placeholder-10/><placeholder-11/"
+#~ "><placeholder-12/><revdescription><placeholder-13/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-14/><placeholder-15/><placeholder-16/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-17/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-18/><placeholder-19/><placeholder-20/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-21/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-22/><placeholder-23/><placeholder-24/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-25/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-26/><placeholder-27/><placeholder-28/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-29/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-30/><placeholder-31/><placeholder-32/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-33/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-34/><placeholder-35/><placeholder-36/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-37/></revdescription></"
+#~ "revision><revision><placeholder-38/><placeholder-39/><placeholder-40/"
+#~ "><revdescription><placeholder-41/></revdescription></revision></"
+#~ "revhistory>"
+
+#~ msgid "Updated versions of &FC; software"
+#~ msgstr "对 &FC; ä¸è½¯ä»¶çš„æ›´æ–°"
+
+#~ msgid "Manually Installing Software"
+#~ msgstr "手动安装软件"
diff --git a/publican.cfg b/publican.cfg
index 5d7680e..50a456e 100644
--- a/publican.cfg
+++ b/publican.cfg
@@ -4,8 +4,5 @@
xml_lang: en-US
type: Article
brand: fedora
-product: Fedora_Contributor_Documentation
-version: 1
-web_version_label: UNUSED
-web_name_label: Publican Users Guide
+docname: Software_Management_Guide
diff --git a/zh-CN.cfg b/zh-CN.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a124b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-CN.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Config::Simple 4.59
+# Sun Jun 6 23:23:33 2010
+
+xml_lang: zh-CN
+type: Article
+brand: fedora
+docname: Software_Management_Guide
+
diff --git a/zh-CN/Article_Info.xml b/zh-CN/Article_Info.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee7bffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-CN/Article_Info.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE bookinfo PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<articleinfo id="book-Software_Management_Guide-Software_Management_Guide">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <subtitle> </subtitle>
+ <productname>Fedora Core</productname>
+ <productnumber>4</productnumber>
+ <edition>2.0</edition>
+ <pubsnumber>0</pubsnumber>
+ <!-- <abstract>
+ <para>
+
+ </para>
+ </abstract> -->
+ <corpauthor>
+ <inlinemediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" format="SVG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ </inlinemediaobject>
+ </corpauthor>
+ <xi:include href="Common_Content/Legal_Notice.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+ <xi:include href="Author_Group.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+</articleinfo>
+
diff --git a/zh-CN/Author_Group.xml b/zh-CN/Author_Group.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e01523e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-CN/Author_Group.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE authorgroup PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <firstname>Stuart</firstname>
+ <surname>Ellis</surname>
+ <email>stuart at elsn.org</email>
+ </author>
+ <editor>
+ <firstname>Paul</firstname>
+ <othername>W.</othername>
+ <surname>Frields</surname>
+ <email>stickster at gmail.com</email>
+ </editor>
+</authorgroup>
+
diff --git a/zh-CN/Revision_History.xml b/zh-CN/Revision_History.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0888df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-CN/Revision_History.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE appendix PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<appendix id="appe-Software_Management_Guide-Revision_History">
+ <title>Revision History</title>
+ <simpara>
+ <revhistory>
+
+ <revision date="2005-11-28" number="1.0.5" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Fixed some uses of "Fedora" to read "Fedora Core" where appropriate.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-11-15" number="1.0.4" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Updated section on proxy servers. Fixed #166122.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-10-13" number="1.0.3" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Fix wording (#170584).</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-08-26" number="1.0.2" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Fix localinstall information.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-08-18" number="1.0.1" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Added information on installing without repository and manually adding
+ keys.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-08-13" number="1.0" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Publish to official project page.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-07-25" number="0.6" role="doc">
+ <author worker="PaulWFrields"/>
+ <details>Edited for style and usage; BETA publication.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-07-19" number="0.5" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Updated for Fedora Core 4.</details>
+ </revision>
+ <revision date="2005-06-01" number="0.4" role="doc">
+ <author worker="StuartEllis"/>
+ <details>Initial import into CVS.</details>
+ </revision>
+ </revhistory>
+ </simpara>
+</appendix>
+
diff --git a/zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.ent b/zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.ent
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f315b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.ent
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<!ENTITY PRODUCT "Fedora Documentation">
+<!ENTITY BOOKID "software-management-guide">
+<!ENTITY YEAR "2005">
+<!ENTITY HOLDER "Red Hat, Inc. and others">
diff --git a/zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.xml b/zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9a36a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh-CN/Software_Management_Guide.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?>
+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % BOOK_ENTITIES SYSTEM "Software_Management_Guide.ent">
+%BOOK_ENTITIES;
+]>
+<article>
+ <xi:include href="Article_Info.xml" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" />
+ <section id="sn-introduction">
+ <title>介ç»</title>
+ <section id="sn-purpose">
+ <title>目的</title>
+ <para>这份文档记述了 Fedora 系统ä¸è½¯ä»¶ç®¡ç†çš„基本内容。文档涵盖了 Fedora 推è使用的软件管ç†å·¥å…· <command>yum</command> 的主è¦åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-audience">
+ <title>读者</title>
+ <para>本文档适于程度ä¸åŒçš„所有 Fedora 用户。</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-usingdoc">
+ <title>本文档的用法</title>
+ <para>本文档是使用 <command>yum</command> çš„å‚考。您å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©é˜…读或全文阅读，å–决于您的需求和掌æ¡ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚如果您对系统还很陌生，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ç¬¬ä¸€æ¬¡ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 之å‰å…ˆé˜…读 <xref linkend="sn-software-management-concepts"/>。有ç»éªŒçš„ Linux 用户å¯ä»¥ä»Ž <xref linkend="sn-managing-packages"/> 开始。</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>过去版本的 Fedora Core</title>
+ <para>本文档æè¿°çš„ <command>yum</command> çš„é…置适用于 Fedora Core 4 系统。在 Fedora Core 3 ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨å¿…须按照 <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/> ä¸çš„æ¥éª¤æ‰èƒ½å¯ç”¨ <command>yum</command>。</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>本文档ä¸å¤§å¤šæ•°èŒƒä¾‹ä½¿ç”¨äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ… <filename>tsclient</filename>，它包å«åœ¨ Fedora Core 里é¢ã€‚<filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包æ供了一个用于远程桌é¢è¿žæŽ¥çš„应用程åºã€‚如果您æˆåŠŸå®‰è£…了它，å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©èœå• <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal Server Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice> æ¥è¿è¡Œå®ƒã€‚è¦åº”用这些例å，åªè¦æŠŠ <filename>tsclient</filename> 替æ¢ä¸ºç›¸å…³çš„软件包å称。Fedora 软件组的æ“作范例使用了 <filename>MySQL Database</filename> 组。</para>
+ <important>
+ <title>é¿å…以 root å¸å·ç™»å½•</title>
+ <para>您ä¸éœ€è¦ä»¥ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 登录，ä»ç„¶å¯ä»¥ç®¡ç†æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统。本文档ä¸åŒ…å«çš„æ“ä½œï¼Œå¦‚æžœéœ€è¦ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> æƒé™ï¼Œä¼šæ示您输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。示例使用 <command>su <option>-c</option></command> 命令实现了这ç§åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚</para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-additional-resources">
+ <title>é™„åŠ èµ„æº</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>文档</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>手册页</secondary></indexterm><para>æœ¬æ–‡æ¡£æ²¡æœ‰ä»‹ç» <command>yum</command> 工具的æŸäº›ç‰¹æ€§å’Œé€‰é¡¹ã€‚阅读 <command>man</command> 手册页的 <command>yum(8)</command> å’Œ <filename>yum.conf(5)</filename> æ¥å¦ä¹ 它们，åªè¦è¿™æ ·ï¼š</para><screen><userinput>man yum
+man yum.conf</userinput></screen><indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>网站</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>邮件列表</secondary></indexterm><para>互è”网上其他有用的 <command>yum</command> 资æºè¿˜æœ‰ï¼š</para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>项目网站</term><listitem><para><ulink url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/"/></para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>用户的邮件列表</term><listitem><para><ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/yum/"/></para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>å¼€å‘的邮件列表</term><listitem><para><ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum-devel/"/></para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist><note><title>请先查阅 Bugzilla</title><para>如果您的æŸä¸ªæ“作总是产生错误，请查阅 <ulink url="http://bugzilla.redhat.com"/> 并å‚考相关软件包的错误报告。æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…出错å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´ä¾èµ–于这
个软件包的所有 <command>yum</command> æ“作失败。请在 Bugzilla 网站上æ交相关 Fedora 软件包的错误报告。</para></note></section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-concepts">
+ <title>软件管ç†æ¦‚念</title>
+ <section id="sn-about-packages">
+ <title>关于软件包</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件包</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>Fedora 的软件和文档以一ç§ç§°ä¸º RPM <firstterm>软件包</firstterm> 的文件方å¼æ供。æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…是一个压缩的文档，包å«äº†å†…容信æ¯ï¼Œåº”用程åºæ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œå›¾æ ‡ï¼Œæ–‡æ¡£å’Œç”¨ä½œç®¡ç†çš„脚本。管ç†ç¨‹åºåˆ©ç”¨è¿™äº›å†…容æ¥å®‰å…¨åœ°å®šä½ã€å®‰è£…å’Œå¸è½½è½¯ä»¶ã€‚例如，Fedora å®‰è£…è¿‡ç¨‹ä½¿ç”¨éš Fedora Core 附带的软件包æ¥æž„建或å‡çº§ç¬¦åˆæ‚¨éœ€è¦çš„系统。</para>
+ <para>软件包也包å«ä¸€ä¸ªæ•°å—ç¾å，以验è¯å®ƒä»¬çš„æ¥æºã€‚软件管ç†å·¥å…·é€šè¿‡ GPG <firstterm>公钥</firstterm> æ¥éªŒè¯è¿™ä¸ªç¾å。<command>yum</command> å’Œ <command>rpm</command> 工具共享åŒä¸€ä¸ª <firstterm>keyring</firstterm>，它ä¿å˜äº†æ‰€æœ‰æœ‰ä¿éšœçš„软件包æ¥æºçš„公钥。系统管ç†å‘˜å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©æ·»åŠ 这些有ä¿éšœçš„软件包æ¥æºã€‚</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>Fedora 的所有软件包都是开æºè½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <para>Fedora Project æ供的所有软件都是开æºè½¯ä»¶ã€‚您å¯ä»¥ä¸‹è½½ Fedora 的软件包并安装到任æ„多的系统ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-about-repositories">
+ <title>关于仓库</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>仓库</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ <firstterm>仓库</firstterm> 是一个预备好的目录，或是一个网站，包å«äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…和索引文件。软件管ç†å·¥å…·ï¼Œç±»ä¼¼ <command>yum</command>，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»“库ä¸è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°å®šä½å¹¶èŽ·å–æ£ç¡®çš„ RPM è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±ä¸å¿…手动æœç´¢å’Œå®‰è£…新应用程åºå’Œå‡çº§è¡¥ä¸äº†ã€‚åªç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±å¯ä»¥æ›´æ–°ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥æ ¹æ®æŒ‡å®šæœç´¢ç›®æ ‡æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾å®‰è£…新软件。</para>
+ <para>有一系列的æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ Fedora Core 分别æ供了一些仓库。Fedora Core ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·å·²ç»é¢„å…ˆé…置为使用下列三个仓库：</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Base</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>æž„æˆ Fedora Core 的软件包，和光盘上内容相åŒ</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Updates</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Base 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶åŒ…的更新版本</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Extras</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ä¸€å¤§æ‰¹é™„åŠ çš„è½¯ä»¶åŒ…</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <note>
+ <title>过去版本的 Fedora Core</title>
+ <para>Fedora Core 4 自动地支æŒè¿™ä¸‰ä¸ªä»“库。如果是 Fedora Core 3 系统，您必须手动调整æ‰èƒ½ä½¿ç”¨ Fedora Extras，å¯ä»¥æŒ‰ç…§ <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/> æ¥åšã€‚</para>
+ </note>
+ <warning>
+ <title>Fedora å¼€å‘仓库</title>
+ <para>Fedora Core 也包å«äº†å‡ 个å¯é€‰çš„仓库设置。它们æ供测试的软件包，å¯ä»¥å–ä»£ä¸€ä¸ªæˆ–å¤šä¸ªæ ‡å‡†çš„ä»“åº“ã€‚åªæœ‰å½“æ‚¨æ‰“ç®—æµ‹è¯•å’Œå¼€å‘ Fedora 软件时，æ‰åº”当å¯ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼š<filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, å’Œ <filename>updates-testing</filename>。</para>
+ </warning>
+ <para>第三方软件开å‘者通常也使用仓库，æ¥æ供自己软件的 Fedora 版本。è¦å¦ä¹ 如何é…置自己的 Fedora 系统æ¥ä½¿ç”¨ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹ä»“库，å¯ä»¥é˜…读 <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/>。</para>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件组</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>您å¯ä»¥ç”¨ Fedora 仓库æ供的 <firstterm>软件组</firstterm> æ¥ç®¡ç†ç›¸å…³çš„软件包集åˆã€‚第三方仓库å¯ä»¥å‘这些组ä¸æ·»åŠ 软件包，也å¯ä»¥å°†è‡ªå·±çš„软件包放在新的组ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ <!-- SE: Some repositories use groups and some don't: I've tried to put this nicely. -->
+<!-- SE: Using the admonition for this is not optimal, it just doesn't fit anywhere else. -->
+ <note>
+ <title>现有的软件组</title>
+ <para>è¦æŸ¥çœ‹æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰å¯ç”¨çš„软件组，è¿è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ <command>su -c 'yum grouplist'</command>。</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>使用仓库æ¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨æ€»æ˜¯ç”¨ç€è½¯ä»¶çš„最新版。如果仓库ä¸æ供了æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…的多个版本，管ç†å·¥å…·ä¼šè‡ªåŠ¨é€‰æ‹©æœ€æ–°çš„那个。</para>
+ <warning>
+ <title>安装软件，但ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ä»“库</title>
+ <para>如果您确信，没有任何一个仓库æ供了您需è¦çš„æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå†å°è¯•æ‰‹åŠ¨å®‰è£…它。您å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ç®¡ç†è¿™ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œæ— æ³•åº”ç”¨ Fedora 软件包管ç†å·¥å…·ã€‚</para>
+ <para>本文档ä¸çš„ <command>yum</command> 命令使用仓库作为软件包æ¥æºã€‚如果è¦ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 从一个软件包文件æ¥å®‰è£…软件，å¯ä»¥å‚考 <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/>。</para>
+ </warning>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-about-dependencies">
+ <title>关于ä¾èµ–关系</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ä¾èµ–关系</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>Fedora å‘行版ä¸å®‰è£…çš„æŸäº›æ–‡ä»¶å±žäºŽ <firstterm>库</firstterm>，它为多个应用程åºæ供功能。如果一个应用程åºéœ€è¦æŸä¸ªç‰¹å®šçš„库，那么这个库就是一个 <firstterm>ä¾èµ–</firstterm>。è¦æ£å¸¸åœ°å®‰è£…一个软件包，Fedora 必须首先满足它的ä¾èµ–关系。一个 RPM 软件包的ä¾èµ–ä¿¡æ¯å‚¨å˜åœ¨è¿™ä¸ª RPM 文件ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具使用软件包ä¾èµ–关系数æ®æ¥ä¿è¯ä¸€ä¸ªåº”用程åºåœ¨å®‰è£…å‰ï¼Œæ‰€æœ‰çš„è¦æ±‚都已满足。它自动地安装ä¾èµ–的软件包，如果系统ä¸æ²¡æœ‰çš„è¯ã€‚如果æŸä¸ªæ–°çš„应用程åºçš„è¦æ±‚与现有的软件冲çªï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 会放弃，ä¸å¯¹ç³»ç»Ÿåšä»»ä½•ä¿®æ”¹ã€‚</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-package-names">
+ <title>ç†è§£è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å称</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件包</primary>
+ <secondary>硬件兼容性</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件包</primary><secondary>命å</secondary></indexterm><para>æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…文件都有一个很长的åå—，包å«äº†å‡ 个最é‡è¦çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚例如，这就是 Fedora Core ä¸ <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包的全å：</para><screen><filename>tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</filename></screen><para>管ç†å·¥å…·å¤„ç†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…时，通常使用如下三ç§æ ¼å¼ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼š</para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>软件包å称：<filename>tsclient</filename></para></listitem><listitem><para>带有版本å·å’Œå‘行版本的软件包å称：<filename>tsclient-0.132-6</filename></para>
+<!-- In what instances is the release number not needed? For many -->
+<!-- package updates, only the release number might change. Although it -->
+<!-- might be superfluous, it's never *bad* to include it, right? [PWF] -->
+ </listitem><listitem><para>带有硬件架构的软件包å称：<filename>tsclient.i386</filename></para></listitem></itemizedlist><para>为了清楚明白，<command>yum</command> 以 <filename>å称.架构</filename> çš„æ ¼å¼æ¥åˆ—出软件包。仓库通常也将软件包å˜å‚¨åœ¨ä»¥æž¶æž„区分的目录ä¸ã€‚æ¯æ¬¡ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶åŒ…指定架构的时候，实际指定的是æ¤è½¯ä»¶å¯¹æœºå™¨æž¶æž„çš„ <emphasis>最低</emphasis> è¦æ±‚。</para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>i386</term><listitem><para>适于任何现有的 Intel 兼容计算机</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>noarch</term><listitem><para>适于所有架构</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>ppc</term><listitem><para>适于 PowerPC 系统，例如 Apple Power Macintosh</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>x86_64</term><listitem><para>适于 64 ä½ Intel 处ç†å™¨ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚ Opterons</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist><para>一些软件ä
¼šä¸ºç‰¹æ®Šç±»åž‹çš„ Intel 处ç†å™¨ä¼˜åŒ–，为 <option>i386</option>, <option>i586</option>, <option>i686</option> å’Œ <option>x86_64</option> 计算机æä¾›ä¸åŒçš„软件包。如果机器ä¸æœ‰ Intel 奔腾，VIA C3 或其他兼容的处ç†å™¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <option>i586</option> 软件包。如果机器ä¸æœ‰ Intel 高能奔腾或更强劲的处ç†å™¨ï¼Œæˆ–是有时兴的 AMD 处ç†å™¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <option>i686</option> 软件包。</para><para>在 <command>yum</command> 的命令行ä¸ï¼Œåº”当使用软件包的çŸå称。<command>yum</command> 会自动在符åˆæ‚¨çš„机器架构的仓库ä¸ï¼Œé€‰æ‹©ç‰ˆæœ¬æœ€æ–°çš„软件包。</para><para>用其他命åæ ¼å¼æŒ‡å®šè½¯ä»¶åŒ…，å¯ä»¥é¿å…默认行为，强制 <command>yum</command> 使用指定版本或架构的软件包。åªæœ‰å½“您知é“默认选择有问题，ä¸é€‚宜安装时æ‰åº”å½“è¿™æ ·åšã€‚</para><note><title>软件包å称</title><para>您å¯ä»¥åœ¨ <command>yum</command> æ“作ä¸ï¼Œä½
¿ç”¨ä¸‹åˆ—ä»»ä¸€æ ¼å¼æ¥æŒ‡å®šè½¯ä»¶åŒ…：<replaceable>name</replaceable>, <replaceable>name.architecture</replaceable>, <replaceable>name-version</replaceable>, <replaceable>name-version-release</replaceable>, <replaceable>name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>, å’Œ <replaceable>epoch:name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>。</para></note></section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-tools">
+ <title>Fedora Core ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>æ·»åŠ /移除应用程åºå·¥å…·</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>è¦å‘Šå›¾æ ‡</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>up2date</primary></indexterm><para><command>yum</command> 工具是一个完整的软件管ç†ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚Fedora Core 也包å«å…¶ä»–å‡ ä¸ªåº”ç”¨ç¨‹åºï¼Œä½œä¸º <command>yum</command> 的补充。</para><para>您的桌é¢ä¸Šæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ª <application>Alert Icon</application>，当软件包有更新时它会通知您。如果您的系统ä¸æ˜¯æœ€æ–°çš„ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªå›¾æ ‡å°±æ˜¾ç¤ºä¸ºå¸¦æœ‰é—ªçƒçš„æ„Ÿå¹å·çš„红色圆圈。è¦å‘Šå›¾æ ‡æ˜¯ <application>up2date</application> 的一部分，它让您å¯ä»¥ç®€å•åœ°æ›´æ–°ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚</para><para>Fedora Core 也包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ª <application>system-config-packages</application> 工具。è¦åœ¨å›¾å½¢ç•Œé¢è¿è¡Œè¿™ä¸ªåº”用程åºï¼Œä»Žèœå•ä¸é€‰æ‹© <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。与 <application>up2date</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command>
ä¸åŒï¼Œ<application>system-config-packages</application> åªèƒ½åˆ©ç”¨ Fedora Core 安装光盘ä¸å®‰è£…è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œæ— æ³•ä½¿ç”¨ä»“åº“ã€‚è¿™ä¸ªåº”ç”¨ç¨‹åºç”¨äºŽç³»ç»Ÿè¿˜æ²¡æœ‰ç½‘络连接的时候。</para><para>命令行工具 <command>rpm</command> 有很多功能，主è¦æ˜¯æ“作å•ç‹¬çš„ RPM 软件包。您å¯ä»¥åˆ©ç”¨å®ƒæ¥æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ä¸ºç³»ç»Ÿå®‰è£…和移除软件包。如果使用 <command>rpm</command> 工具安装软件，您必须手动地检测和安装任何ä¾èµ–å…³ç³»ã€‚å› ä¸ºè¿™ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 是安装软件的首选方å¼ã€‚</para><warning><title>当å‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…版本</title><para><application>up2date</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> 工具å¯ä»¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨å®‰è£…的是最新版本的软件包。其他方å¼ä¸ä¿è¯è½¯ä»¶åŒ…是å¦æœ€æ–°ã€‚</para></warning></section>
+ <section id="sn-managing-packages">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>软件管ç†</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>使用 <command>yum</command> 工具改å˜ç³»ç»Ÿä¸çš„软件é…置，有四ç§é€‰æ‹©ï¼š</para>
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>从仓库安装新软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>从å•ç‹¬çš„软件包文件安装新软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>更新您的系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰çš„软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>从您的系统ä¸ç§»é™¤ä¸éœ€è¦çš„软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ <!-- SE: This duplicates text from the admonition in sn-about-repositories. It's here as well because the Fedora site has a link straight to this section -->
+ <important>
+ <title>从一个软件包文件安装软件</title>
+ <para>本文档ä¸çš„ <command>yum</command> 命令使用仓库作为软件包æ¥æºã€‚如果è¦ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 从一个软件包文件æ¥å®‰è£…软件，å¯ä»¥å‚考 <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/>。</para>
+ </important>
+ <para>使用 <command>yum</command> 时，应指定一个æ“作，以åŠä¸€ä¸ªæˆ–多个软件包/软件组。</para>
+ <para>对于æ¯ä¸ªæ“作，<command>yum</command> 都è¦ä»Žå·²é…置的仓库ä¸ä¸‹è½½æœ€æ–°çš„软件包信æ¯ã€‚如果您的网络连接比较慢，<command>yum</command> 会用数秒钟æ¥ä¸‹è½½ä»“库的索引以åŠè½¯ä»¶åŒ…的文件头。</para>
+ <para>为得到所需的结果，<command>yum</command> 工具æœç´¢è¿™äº›æ•°æ®æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œäº§ç”Ÿæœ€å¥½çš„动作集åˆï¼Œç„¶åŽæ˜¾ç¤ºå¾…处ç†çš„事务，您å¯ä»¥æ‰¹å‡†æ˜¯å¦ç»§ç»ã€‚事务å¯èƒ½ä¼šåŒ…å«å®‰è£…ï¼Œæ›´æ–°æˆ–åˆ é™¤é¢å¤–的软件，以æ¤æ¥æ»¡è¶³è½¯ä»¶ä¾èµ–关系。</para>
+ <example id="yum-transaction-format">
+ <title>
+ <command>yum</command> äº‹åŠ¡æŠ¥å‘Šçš„æ ¼å¼</title>
+ <para>这个范例是安装 <filename>tsclient</filename> 时的事务：</para>
+<screen><computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> Package Arch Version Repository Size</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Installing:</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> tsclient i386 0.132-6 base 247 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Installing for dependencies:</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> rdesktop i386 1.4.0-2 base 107 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput> </computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Transaction Summary</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>=============================================================================</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Install 2 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Update 0 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Remove 0 Package(s)</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Total download size: 355 k</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput> </screen>
+ </example>
+ <para>检视列表ä¸çš„改å˜ï¼Œç„¶åŽæŒ‰ä¸‹ <keycap>y</keycap> 接å—并开始。如果您按下 <keycap>N</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap>(回车)，<command>yum</command> ä¸ä¼šä¸‹è½½æˆ–改å˜ä»»ä½•è½¯ä»¶ã€‚</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>软件包版本</title>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具åªæ˜¾ç¤ºå’Œä½¿ç”¨è½¯ä»¶åŒ…的最新版本，除éžæ‚¨æŒ‡å®šä¸€ä¸ªæ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬ã€‚</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具支æŒå¯¼å…¥ä»“库公钥，如果它没有预装在 <command>rpm</command> 钥匙环ä¸çš„è¯ã€‚</para>
+ <example id="yum-publickey-import">
+ <title>
+ <command>yum</command> å…¬é’¥å¯¼å…¥çš„æ ¼å¼</title>
+ <para>这是公钥导入的一个例å：</para>
+<screen><computeroutput>warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 "Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput> </screen>
+ </example>
+ <para>检查这个公钥，然åŽæŒ‰ä¸‹ <keycap>y</keycap> æ¥å¯¼å…¥å®ƒï¼Œè®¤å¯å®ƒçš„效力。如果您按下 <keycap>N</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap>(回车)，<command>yum</command> åœæ¢ï¼Œä¸å®‰è£…任何软件包。</para>
+ <para>为ä¿è¯ä¸‹è½½åˆ°çš„软件包是真实的，<command>yum</command> 用æä¾›è€…çš„å…¬é’¥æ ¡éªŒæ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…çš„æ•°å—ç¾å。当事务需è¦çš„所有软件包都已æˆåŠŸä¸‹è½½å¹¶æ ¡éªŒåŽï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 将它们应用到您的系统ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ <para>æ¯ä¸ªå®Œæˆçš„事务会在日志文件 <filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename> ä¸è®°å½•å—å½±å“的软件包。您åªèƒ½ä»¥ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> æƒé™è¯»å–它。</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>下载被缓å˜</title>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具ä¿ç•™å·²ä¸‹è½½çš„æ•°æ®æ–‡ä»¶å’Œè½¯ä»¶åŒ…以å¤ç”¨ã€‚如果需è¦ï¼Œæ‚¨å¯ä»¥ä»Ž <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 下的仓库缓å˜ç›®å½•ä¸ï¼Œå°†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å¤åˆ¶å‡ºæ¥ï¼Œç”¨äºŽå…¶ä»–地方。缓å˜ä¸çš„软件包å³ä½¿è¢«åˆ 除，也ä¸ä¼šå½±å“到您的系统ä¸å·²ç»å®‰è£…的软件。</para>
+ </note>
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-withrepositories">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 安装新软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>安装软件</primary>
+ <see>软件，安装</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>安装</secondary></indexterm><para>è¦å®‰è£…软件 <filename>tsclient</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum install <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>è¦å®‰è£…软件组 <filename>MySQL Database</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupinstall "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><important><title>æ–°çš„æœåŠ¡éœ€è¦æ¿€æ´»</title><para>当您安装一项æœåŠ¡çš„时候，Fedora ä¸ä¼šæ¿€æ´»æˆ–å¯åŠ¨å®ƒã€‚è¦é…置一项新æœåŠ¡éšç³»ç»Ÿå¯åŠ¨è€Œè¿è¡Œï¼Œé€‰æ‹©èœå•ä¸çš„ <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Server Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Se
rvices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，或者使用命令行工具 <command>chkconfig</command> 和 <command>service</command>。</para></important></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-updating-withrepositories">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 更新软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>æ›´æ–°</primary>
+ <secondary>软件包</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>æ›´æ–°</secondary></indexterm><para>è¦æ›´æ–° <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件为最新版本，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum update <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><important><title>新版本软件需è¦é‡æ–°è½½å…¥</title><para>如果您更新æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶æ—¶ï¼Œå®ƒæ£åœ¨è¢«ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬ä»ç„¶æœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œç›´åˆ°æ‚¨é‡æ–°å¯åŠ¨åº”用程åºæˆ–æœåŠ¡ã€‚å†…æ ¸çš„æ›´æ–°å¿…é¡»åˆ°æ‚¨é‡æ–°å¯åŠ¨ç³»ç»Ÿæ—¶æ‰å¯ç”Ÿæ•ˆã€‚</para></important><para>è¦æ›´æ–°è½¯ä»¶ç»„ <filename>MySQL Database</filename> ä¸çš„所有软件，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupupdate "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><note><title>更新整个ç
³»ç»Ÿ</title><para>è¦æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统ä¸çš„所有软件，使用 <xref linkend="sn-updating-your-system"/> ä¸æ到的命令。</para></note></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-removing-software">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 移除软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>移除软件</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>移除</secondary></indexterm><para>è¦ç§»é™¤è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 在您的系统ä¸æ£€æµ‹æŒ‡å®šè¢«ç§»é™¤çš„软件，以åŠä»»ä½•ä¾èµ–于它的软件。移除软件的事务将移除这一软件åŠæ‰€æœ‰ä¾èµ–于它的软件。</para><para>è¦ç§»é™¤ <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum remove <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>è¦ç§»é™¤è½¯ä»¶ç»„ <filename>MySQL Database</filename> ä¸çš„所有软件，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupremove "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><note><title>æ•°æ®å’Œé…置文件的ä¿ç•™æƒ…况</title><para>移除过程会ä¿ç•™ç”¨æˆ·æ•°æ
®ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯åœ¨æŸäº›æ—¶å€™ä¼šç§»é™¤é…置文件。如果æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„移除ä¸åŒ…括é…置文件，而您在åŽé¢åˆé‡å®‰è£…了这一软件，那么它å¯èƒ½ä¼šé‡ç”¨æ—§çš„é…置文件。</para></note></section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件包</primary>
+ <secondary>定ä½</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>æœç´¢</primary><secondary>软件包</secondary></indexterm><para>使用 <command>yum</command> çš„æœç´¢åŠŸèƒ½æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾å·²é…置的仓库ä¸å¯ç”¨çš„软件，或系统ä¸å·²å®‰è£…的软件。æœç´¢è‡ªåŠ¨åŒ…å«è¿™ä¸¤ç±»è½¯ä»¶ã€‚</para><para>ç»“æžœçš„æ ¼å¼ä¾èµ–于所用的选项。如果查询没有给出结果，说明没有满足è¦æ±‚的软件。</para><section id="sn-searching-packages-byname"><title>通过软件å和属性æœç´¢</title><para>è¦é€šè¿‡å称æœç´¢ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨ <option>list</option> 功能。è¦æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶ <filename>tsclient</filename>，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>è¦ä½¿æœç´¢æ›´ç²¾ç¡®ï¼Œå¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šåŒ…å«å±žæ€§çš„å称，例如版本或硬件架构。è¦æœç´¢ <filename>tsclient</filename> çš„ 0.132 版，使用命令：</para><
screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient-0.132</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><note><title>有效的软件属性</title><para>å‚è§ <xref linkend="sn-package-names"/>，其ä¸æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…命åæ ¼å¼ä»¥åŠå…¶ä¸åŒ…å«çš„属性ç‰ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚</para></note></section><section id="sn-searching-packages-advanced"><title>高级æœç´¢</title><para>如果您ä¸çŸ¥é“软件的å称，使用 <option>search</option> 或 <option>provides</option> 功能。å¦å¤–，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»»ä½• <command>yum</command> æœç´¢é€‰é¡¹ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符和æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œæ¥æ‰©å¤§æœç´¢èŒƒå›´ã€‚</para><para><option>search</option> 功能检测所有å¯ç”¨çš„软件的å称ã€æè¿°ã€æ¦‚述和已列出的维护者，查找匹é…的值。例如，è¦ä»Žæ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ä¸æœç´¢ä¸Ž PalmPilots 相关的内容，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum search <replaceable>PalmPilot</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemite
m> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para><option>provides</option> 功能检测软件包ä¸åŒ…å«çš„文件以åŠè½¯ä»¶æ供的功能。与 <option>search</option> 相比，这个选项è¦æ±‚ <command>yum</command> 下载并读å–一个很大的索引文件。</para><para>è¦æœç´¢æ‰€æœ‰åŒ…å«æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>libneon</filename> 的软件包，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>libneon</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>è¦æœç´¢æ‰€æœ‰æ供了 MTA (Mail Transport Agent, é‚®ä»¶ä¼ è¾“ä»£ç†) æœåŠ¡ï¼Œæˆ–å称ä¸åŒ…å«äº† <filename>mta</filename> 的软件包：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>MTA</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>对æ¯ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ï¼Œåº”在æ示时输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>ä½¿ç”¨æ ‡å‡†çš„é€šé…符æé…è¯æˆ–å称的片段æ¥æœç´¢ï¼š<option>?</option> 代表任æ„å•ä¸ªå—符，<option>*</option> 代表 0 或多个å—符。在通é…符å‰
应当使用转义å—符 (<option>\</option>)。</para><para>è¦ <option>list</option> 列出å称以 <filename>tsc</filename> 开始的软件，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsc\*</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><note><title>æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼</title><para>使用 Perl 或 Python æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¥è¿›è¡Œæ›´å¤æ‚的查询。</para></note></section><section id="sn-package-matches"><title>ç†è§£åŒ¹é…</title><para>使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢ä¼šå¾—出所有匹é…您的æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件。如果ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符或æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆåªæœ‰å‡†ç¡®åœ°æ»¡è¶³æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件æ‰è§†ä¸ºåŒ¹é…。</para><para>例如，æœç´¢ <filename>shadowutils</filename> 或 <filename>shadow-util</filename> 的结果ä¸ä¼šåŒ…å« <filename>shadow-utils</filename> 软件。如果æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶æ˜¯ <filename>shadow-util\?</filename> 或 <filename>shadow\*</filename>，那么这个软件将视为匹é…并显示出æ¥ã€‚</para></section></section>
+ <section id="sn-updating-your-system">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 更新您的系统</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>æ›´æ–°</primary>
+ <secondary>整个系统</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>更新整个系统</secondary></indexterm><para>使用 <option>update</option> 功能æ¥æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ Fedora 系统ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ä¸ºæœ€æ–°ç‰ˆï¼Œåªè¦ä¸€ä¸ªæ“作。</para><para>è¦è¿›è¡Œæ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿçš„更新，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。</para><section id="sn-automatic-updating"><title>自动更新您的系统</title><indexterm><primary>自动更新</primary></indexterm><para>Fedora Core ä¸çš„ <filename>yum</filename> 包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ªè„šæœ¬ï¼Œç”¨ä»¥æ¯æ—¥è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°æ›´æ–°æ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿã€‚è¦æ¿€æ´»æ¯æ—¥çš„自动更新，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><note><title>æ¯æ—¥æ›´æ–°æ˜¯å¦‚何å
šåˆ°çš„</title><para>系统ä¸å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰å•ç‹¬çš„ <command>yum</command> æœåŠ¡ã€‚这个命令å¯ç”¨äº†æŽ§åˆ¶è„šæœ¬ <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>。这个控制脚本激活了 <filename>/etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>，而它åˆä¼šä½¿ <command>cron</command> æœåŠ¡æ¥åœ¨æ¯æ—¥å‡Œæ™¨å››ç‚¹æ—¶è¿›è¡Œè‡ªåŠ¨çš„系统更新。</para></note></section></section>
+ <section id="sn-using-repositories">
+ <title>使用其他软件仓库</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Fedora Extras</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>寻找</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>æœç´¢</primary><secondary>仓库</secondary></indexterm><para>Fedora 系统自动使用 Fedora Project 的仓库。其ä¸åŒ…括 Fedora Extras，默认没有包å«åœ¨ Fedora Core ä¸çš„软件包。</para><note><title>适于旧版本 Fedora Core çš„ Fedora Extras 仓库</title><para>您必须手动é…ç½® Fedora Core 3 系统使用 Fedora Extras，按照 <ulink url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/"/> çš„æ¥éª¤åšã€‚对于 Fedora Core 1 å’Œ Fedora Core 2 çš„é™„åŠ è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œè¯·æŸ¥çœ‹ <ulink url="http://www.fedora.us/"/>。</para></note><para>如果 Fedora Project 没有包å«æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œè½¯ä»¶çš„作者å¯èƒ½æ供了一个å•ç‹¬çš„仓库。一些社区的æˆå‘˜ä¹Ÿç»´æŠ¤äº†é€‚于 Fedora 的软件仓库。例如，<ulink url="http://www.jpackage.org/"/> å°†æµè¡Œçš„ Java 软件打包å‘布。</para><section id="sn-adding-repositories"><title>æ·»åŠ ä»“åº
“作为软件æ¥æº</title><indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>æ·»åŠ </secondary></indexterm><para>è¦å¦å¤–æ·»åŠ ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“ï¼Œå¿…é¡»åœ¨æ‚¨çš„ç³»ç»Ÿä¸ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 目录下新建一个æ述文件。仓库维护者一般会在网站上公布自己的仓库的æ述文件。</para><note><title>文件扩展å约定</title><para>仓库æ述文件的å称以 <filename>.repo</filename> 结尾。</para></note><para>您必须有 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> æƒé™æ‰èƒ½å‘è¿™ä¸ªç›®å½•æ·»åŠ æ–‡ä»¶ã€‚è¦å¤åˆ¶æ述文件 <filename>example.repo</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>æ¯ä¸ªä»“库的æ述文件应当包å«ä¸€ä¸ª <command>gpgkey</command> é…置项。这一é…置项指定了为验è¯è¿™ä¸€ä»“库的软件包所用的公钥的地å
€ã€‚这个公钥在第一次安装这个仓库ä¸çš„软件时会自动导入。如果é…置文件ä¸æ²¡æœ‰åŒ…å«è¿™ä¸ªé…置项，请å‚è§ <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>。</para><note><title>仓库和 <application>up2date</application> 频é“</title><para>从 Fedora Core 4 开始，<command>yum</command> 仓库被自动用作 <application>up2date</application> 频é“。在 Fedora Core 3 和更è€ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„系统ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨å¿…须手动é…ç½® <application>up2date</application> 使用这些频é“。具体的æ¥éª¤æ˜¯ä¿®æ”¹æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename>。</para></note></section><section id="sn-authorizing-package-sources"><title>手动认è¯è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº</title><indexterm><primary>公钥</primary><secondary>æ·»åŠ </secondary></indexterm><para>è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨å‘ <command>rpm</command> 钥匙环ä¸æ·»åŠ 公钥，使用 <command>rpm</command> çš„ <option>import</option> 功能。è¦å¯¼å…¥æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>，输入命令ï
¼š</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>您å¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥ä»Žä¸€ä¸ªç½‘站上导入公钥。例如，è¦å¯¼å…¥ç½‘ç«™ <wordasword>www.therepository.com</wordasword> 上的文件 <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。</para><important><title>在 Fedora Core 3 ä¸å¯¼å…¥ Fedora 公钥</title><para>è¦åœ¨ Fedora Core 3 系统ä¸å‘ <command>rpm</command> é’¥åŒ™çŽ¯æ·»åŠ Fedora 的公钥，使用命令 <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>。</para></important></section><section id="sn-compat-repositories"><title>ç†è§£ä»“库相容性</t
itle><indexterm><primary>软件包</primary><secondary>软件相容性</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>相容性</secondary></indexterm><para>Fedora Extras 仓库æ供了按照与 Fedora Core 相åŒçš„æ ‡å‡†æž„å»ºçš„è½¯ä»¶ã€‚ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹è½¯ä»¶æ€»æ˜¯ä¼šä¸Ž Fedora Project 软件包相容，如果ä¸æ˜¯ï¼Œæ供者会给出特别的说明。</para><para>åœ¨æ‚¨å°†ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“æ·»åŠ ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶æ¥æºä¹‹å‰ï¼Œä¸€å®šè¦é˜…读仓库所属的网站上有关软件相容性的信æ¯ã€‚ä¸åŒçš„仓库æ供者å¯èƒ½æä¾›åŒä¸€ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒçš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„版本。第三方仓库也å¯èƒ½æä¾› Fedora 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶çš„替代软件包。</para><para>替代软件包å¯èƒ½æ˜¯è½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼ŒåŠŸèƒ½ä¸Ž Fedora Project 仓库ä¸çš„版本ä¸åŒã€‚在将 Fedora Project 版本的软件包替æ¢æŽ‰å‰ï¼Œä»”细考虑其ä¸çš„好处和å¯èƒ½çš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹æƒ…况。</para><warning><title>ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„仓库</title><para>如果您é…置您的系统使用了ä¸
相容的仓库，<command>yum</command> ä¼šæ— æ³•æ“作。</para></warning><para>为一个版本的 Fedora 构建的软件包通常与å¦ä¸€ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ Fedora ä¸ç›¸å®¹ã€‚æ供者的网站总是会特别地说明所支æŒçš„ Fedora 版本。</para><note><title>旧版本的 <command>yum</command> 和当å‰çš„仓库</title><para>在 <command>yum</command> 2.1 å‘布时，仓库索引的数æ®æ ¼å¼å‘生了å˜åŒ–。在 Fedora Core 3 ä¸å³æ˜¯è¿™ä¸€æ ¼å¼ã€‚仓库æ供者应当说明所支æŒçš„ Fedora Core 版本。è¦ç¡®è®¤ä¸€ä¸ªæœªè¯´æ˜Žçš„仓库是å¦ä¸Žæ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ <command>yum</command> 相容，åªè¦æŸ¥çœ‹å®ƒæ˜¯å¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå«åš <filename>repodata/</filename> çš„å目录。</para></note></section></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-frompackage">
+ <title>从一个å•ç‹¬çš„软件包文件安装软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>安装软件</primary>
+ <secondary>从软件包</secondary>
+ <see>从软件包安装软件</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>从软件包安装软件</secondary></indexterm><para>ä½¿ç”¨ä»“åº“å’Œæ ‡å‡†çš„ <command>yum</command> 命令æ¥å®šä½å¹¶å®‰è£…新软件，除éžè½¯ä»¶æ— 法从任何一个仓库ä¸æ‰¾åˆ°ã€‚è¿™ç§æƒ…况下，åªèƒ½ç”¨ <option>localinstall</option> 功能æ¥ä»Žè½¯ä»¶åŒ…安装软件了。</para><important><title>必须有公钥</title><para>ç¡®ä¿åœ¨å®‰è£…没有仓库的软件之å‰ï¼Œå·²ç»å¯¼å…¥äº†è½¯ä»¶æ¥æºçš„公钥。å‚è§ <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>。</para></important><para>è¦å®‰è£…软件包 <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum localinstall <replaceable>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。</para><note><title>过去安装的软件将被更新</title><para>如果软件æ供了已安装软件的新版本，<comma
nd>yum</command> 将更新已安装的软件。</para></note><para>如果软件包需è¦ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æœªå®‰è£…的软件，<command>yum</command> 会å°è¯•åˆ©ç”¨å·²é…置的仓库æ¥æ»¡è¶³ä¾èµ–关系。您å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨ä¸‹è½½å¹¶å®‰è£…é¢å¤–的软件æ¥æ»¡è¶³æ‰€æœ‰çš„ä¾èµ–关系。</para><warning><title>手动维护已安装的软件</title><para>如果您安装了并éžæ¥è‡ªä»“库的软件，当它有新版时，<command>yum update</command> æ— æ³•è‡ªåŠ¨æ›´æ–°å®ƒã€‚ä¸ºä¿è¯æ‚¨æ€»æ˜¯ç”¨ç€æœ€æ–°çš„软件，å¯ä»¥è®¢é˜…一份电å邮件或 RSS æœåŠ¡ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å½“有新版时å¯ä»¥å¾—到通知。</para></warning></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-maintenance">
+ <title>调整 <command>yum</command></title>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> ä¸éœ€è¦ä»»ä½•æ—¥å¸¸çš„维护。为ä¿è¯ <command>yum</command> æ“作的速度，您应当ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤é‚£äº›ä¸å†éœ€è¦çš„仓库。您还å¯ä»¥åˆ 除 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜ä¸çš„文件，从而节çœç¡¬ç›˜ç©ºé—´ã€‚</para>
+ <section id="sn-removing-sources">
+ <title>ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>仓库</primary>
+ <secondary>ç¦ç”¨</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>åˆ é™¤</secondary></indexterm><para>在仓库的æ述文件ä¸è®¾ç½® <command>enable=0</command> å¯ä»¥ç¦æ¢ <command>yum</command> 使用这个仓库。<command>yum</command> 工具忽略包å«è¿™ä¸€è®¾ç½®çš„æ述文件。</para><para>è¦å½»åº•åˆ 除一个仓库</para><procedure><step><para>从 <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的文件。</para></step><step><para>从 <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的缓å˜ç›®å½•ã€‚</para></step></procedure>
+<!-- What with the "web of trust," removing GPG keys is not really -->
+<!-- something we should encourage. Having an extra GPG key in the RPM -->
+<!-- database is not a vulnerability, nor does it hamper the system in -->
+<!-- any way. These are probably a couple of reasons Seth didn't build -->
+<!-- this function into yum as part of "clean all," for example. Since -->
+<!-- we just had several admonitions against people running the rpm -->
+<!-- command on its own anyway, I would just omit this part -->
+<!-- completely. [PWF] -->
+<!--
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Remove Unneeded Public Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you will not be using any further packages from a provider,
+ remove their public key from the <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring using the procedure described in
+ <xref linkend="sn-removing-publickeys" />.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-publickeys">
+ <title>Removing Public Keys</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>public keys, removing</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove a public key from the keyring you first must determine
+ the full name of the key, as it registered in
+ <command>rpm</command>. Run this command to view the details of
+ the public keys on the <command>rpm</command> keyring:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-*</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Locate the heading for the relevant public key. The public key
+ headings follow this format:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="publickey-header-format">
+ <title>Format of <command>rpm</command> Public Key Headers</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput>Name : gpg-pubkey Relocations: (not relocatable)
+Version : 4f2a6fd2 Vendor: (none)
+Release : 3f9d9d3b Build Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST
+Install Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST Build Host: localhost
+Group : Public Keys Source RPM: (none)
+Size : 0 License: pubkey
+Signature : (none)
+Summary : gpg(Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>)
+Description :</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Add the <option>Version</option> and <option>Release</option>
+ attributes to <option>gpg-pubkey-</option> to make the complete
+ name of the key, in the form
+ <option>gpg-pubkey-Version_number-Release_number</option>. The
+ <command>rpm</command> identification for the Fedora Project public key
+ shown above is: <option>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you know the identification name of the key, use the
+ command <command>rpm <option>-e</option></command> to remove it.
+ To remove the Fedora Project public key shown above the exact command
+ would be:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm -e <replaceable>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+-->
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-clearance">
+ <title>清空 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>清空缓å˜</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>默认情况下，<command>yum</command> ä¿ç•™å®ƒä¸‹è½½çš„软件包和软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°†æ¥å¯ä»¥å¤ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼Œä¸å¿…é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¦åˆ 除软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨å‘½ä»¤ï¼š</para>
+ <screen>
+ <userinput>su -c 'yum clean headers'</userinput>
+ </screen>
+ <para>è¦åˆ 除缓å˜ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…，使用命令：</para>
+ <screen>
+ <userinput>su -c 'yum clean packages'</userinput>
+ </screen>
+ <para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para>
+ <para>åˆ é™¤å·²ç¼“å˜çš„文件，下次需è¦å®ƒä»¬æ—¶ï¼Œå¿…é¡»é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œå®Œæˆæ“作需è¦çš„æ—¶é—´ä¼šå¢žåŠ ã€‚</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server">
+ <title>有代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨æ—¶ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>有代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨æ—¶çš„使用</secondary></indexterm><para>默认情况下，<command>yum</command> 通过 HTTP 连接到网络上的仓库。所有 <command>yum</command> HTTP æ“作都使用 HTTP/1.1，与支æŒè¿™ä¸€æ ‡å‡†çš„ web 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å…¼å®¹ã€‚您也å¯ä»¥è¿žæŽ¥åˆ° FTP 仓库，并é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用 FTP 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ã€‚<filename>squid</filename> 软件包åŒæ—¶æ供了 HTTP/1.1 å’Œ FTP 连接的代ç†æœåŠ¡ã€‚</para><note><title>为网络兼容性调整 <command>yum</command></title><para>请å‚考 <filename>yum.conf</filename> 的手册页ä¸ï¼Œå¯ä¿®æ”¹çš„ HTTP 设置，以与éžæ ‡å‡†çš„ web 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å…¼å®¹ã€‚或者，é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用 FTP 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å¹¶è®¿é—® FTP 仓库。Fedora 仓库åŒæ—¶æ”¯æŒ HTTP å’Œ FTP。</para></note><section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-global"><title>é…置代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è®¿é—®</title><para>è¦è®¾ç½®æ‰€æœ‰ <command>yum</comma
nd> æ“作都使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œå¯ä»¥åœ¨ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> ä¸è®¾ç½®ä»£ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚<option>proxy</option> é…置项必须设定为完整的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨çš„ URLï¼ŒåŒ…å« TCP 端å£å·åœ¨å†…。如果您的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è¦æ±‚用户å和密ç ，å¯ä»¥ç”¨ <option>proxy_username</option> å’Œ <option>proxy_password</option> é…置项æ¥æŒ‡å®šå®ƒä»¬ã€‚</para><para>这一é…置使得 <command>yum</command> 使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ <systemitem class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>，连接端å£å· 3128，用户å <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem>，密ç <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>。</para><example id="config-file-httpproxy"><title>é…置文件设定，以使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title>
+<screen><computeroutput># 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ - proxy server:port number</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128</computeroutput>
+# 用于 yum 连接的å¸æˆ·ç»†èŠ‚
+<computeroutput>proxy_username=yum-user</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>proxy_password=qwerty</computeroutput></screen>
+</example><note><title>全局设置</title><para>如果您在 <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> ä¸å®šä¹‰ä»£ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œ<emphasis>所有</emphasis> 用户在使用 <command>yum</command> 时都会应用这个代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è®¾ç½®ã€‚</para></note></section><section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser"><title>为å•ä¸ªç”¨æˆ·é…置代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title><para>è¦ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªç‰¹å®šçš„用户å¯ç”¨ä»£ç†è®¿é—®ï¼Œåªè¦å°†å®žä¾‹æ¡†ä¸çš„æ–‡æœ¬è¡ŒåŠ å…¥è¿™ä¸ªç”¨æˆ·çš„ shell é…ç½®ä¸ã€‚对于默认的 <command>bash</command> shell，é…置是在 <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> ä¸ã€‚这一设置使得 <command>yum</command> 使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ <systemitem class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>，连接端å£å· 3128。</para><example id="profile-script-httpproxy"><title>é…置设定，为使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title>
+
+<screen><computeroutput># 这个å¸å·ä½¿ç”¨çš„代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>http_proxy="http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>export http_proxy</computeroutput> </screen>
+
+</example><para>如果代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨éœ€è¦ç”¨æˆ·å和密ç ，åªè¦å°†å®ƒä»¬åŠ å…¥ URL。è¦åŒ…å«ç”¨æˆ·å <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem>，密ç <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>ï¼Œæ·»åŠ è®¾å®šï¼š</para><example id="profile-script-httpproxy-withpassword"><title>é…置设定，针对安全的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title>
+
+<screen><computeroutput># 这个å¸å·ä½¿ç”¨çš„代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å’Œç”¨æˆ·å/密ç </computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>http_proxy="http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128"</computeroutput>
+<computeroutput>export http_proxy</computeroutput> </screen>
+
+</example><note><title>环境å˜é‡ <option>http_proxy</option></title><para>环境å˜é‡ <command>http_proxy</command> 也为 <command>curl</command> ç‰å…¶ä»–工具所用。尽管 <command>yum</command> å¯ä»¥è¯†åˆ«å¤§å†™æˆ–å°å†™çš„ <command>http_proxy</command>，<command>curl</command> è¦æ±‚环境å˜é‡çš„å称是å°å†™ã€‚</para></note></section></section>
+ <!-- SE: This is at the end of the document, since it looks out of place in section 1 -->
+ <section id="sn-acknowledgements">
+ <title>æ„Ÿè°¢</title>
+ <para>Paul Frields 编辑了本文档。Timothy Murphy 检视了 BETA å‘布。</para>
+ </section>
+ <index id="generated-index"/>
+</article>
+
diff --git a/zh_CN/yum-software-management-zh_CN.xml b/zh_CN/yum-software-management-zh_CN.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7e7288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zh_CN/yum-software-management-zh_CN.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN SYSTEM "../docs-common/common/fedora-entities-en.ent">
+%FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN;
+<!ENTITY DOCNAME "yum-software-management">
+<!ENTITY DOCVERSION "1.0.5">
+<!ENTITY DOCDATE "2005-11-28">
+<!ENTITY DOCID "&DOCNAME;-&DOCVERSION; (&DOCDATE;)">
+<!ENTITY BOOKID "&DOCNAME;-&DOCVERSION; (&DOCDATE;)">
+<!ENTITY FCLOCALVER "4">
+]>
+<article id="yum-software-management" lang="zh_CN">
+ <articleinfo>
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2005</year>
+ <holder>Stuart Ellis</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2005</year>
+ <holder>bbbush (bbbush.yuan at gmail.com)</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <surname>Ellis</surname>
+ <firstname>Stuart</firstname>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup> &LEGALNOTICE; <revhistory><revision><revnumber>0.4</revnumber><date>2005-06-01</date><authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials><revdescription><para>导入 CVS。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>0.5</revnumber><date>2005-07-19</date><authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials><revdescription><para>为 &FC; &FCLOCALVER; 更新。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>0.6</revnumber><date>2005-07-25</date><authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials><revdescription><para>ä¿®æ£æ ·å¼å’Œç”¨æ³•ï¼›å‘布 BETA。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>1.0</revnumber><date>2005-08-13</date><authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials><revdescription><para>æ£å¼å‘表于项目网站。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>1.0.1</revnumber><date>2005-08-18</date><authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials><revdescription><para>æ·»åŠ æœ‰å…³æ— ä»“åº“æ—¶çš„å®‰è£…å’Œæ‰‹åŠ¨æ·»åŠ å¯†é’¥çš„å†…å®¹
。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>1.0.2</revnumber><date>2005-08-26</date><authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials><revdescription><para>ä¿®æ£æœ¬åœ°å®‰è£…的内容。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>1.0.3</revnumber><date>2005-10-13</date><authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials><revdescription><para>ä¿®æ£ç”¨è¯ (#170584)。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>1.0.4</revnumber><date>2005-11-15</date><authorinitials>StuartEllis</authorinitials><revdescription><para>更新代ç†æœåŠ¡ç›¸å…³å†…å®¹ï¼Œä¿®æ£ #166122。</para></revdescription></revision><revision><revnumber>1.0.5</revnumber><date>2005-11-28</date><authorinitials>PaulWFrields</authorinitials><revdescription><para>在æŸäº›åœ°æ–¹ä½¿ç”¨ "&FC;" 代替 "&FED;"。</para></revdescription></revision></revhistory></articleinfo>
+ <section id="sn-introduction">
+ <title>介ç»</title>
+ <section id="sn-purpose">
+ <title>目的</title>
+ <para>这份文档记述了 &FED; 系统ä¸è½¯ä»¶ç®¡ç†çš„基本内容。文档涵盖了 &FED; 推è使用的软件管ç†å·¥å…· <command>yum</command> 的主è¦åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-audience">
+ <title>读者</title>
+ <para>本文档适于程度ä¸åŒçš„所有 &FED; 用户。</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-usingdoc">
+ <title>本文档的用法</title>
+ <para>本文档是使用 <command>yum</command> çš„å‚考。您å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©é˜…读或全文阅读，å–决于您的需求和掌æ¡ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚如果您对系统还很陌生，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ç¬¬ä¸€æ¬¡ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 之å‰å…ˆé˜…读 <xref linkend="sn-software-management-concepts"/>。有ç»éªŒçš„ Linux 用户å¯ä»¥ä»Ž <xref linkend="sn-managing-packages"/> 开始。</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>过去版本的 &FC;</title>
+ <para>本文档æè¿°çš„ <command>yum</command> çš„é…置适用于 &FC; &FCLOCALVER; 系统。在 &FC; 3 ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨å¿…须按照 <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/> ä¸çš„æ¥éª¤æ‰èƒ½å¯ç”¨ <command>yum</command>。</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>本文档ä¸å¤§å¤šæ•°èŒƒä¾‹ä½¿ç”¨äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ… <filename>tsclient</filename>，它包å«åœ¨ &FC; 里é¢ã€‚<filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包æ供了一个用于远程桌é¢è¿žæŽ¥çš„应用程åºã€‚如果您æˆåŠŸå®‰è£…了它，å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©èœå• <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Internet</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Terminal Server Client</guimenuitem></menuchoice> æ¥è¿è¡Œå®ƒã€‚è¦åº”用这些例å，åªè¦æŠŠ <filename>tsclient</filename> 替æ¢ä¸ºç›¸å…³çš„软件包å称。&FED; 软件组的æ“作范例使用了 <filename>MySQL Database</filename> 组。</para>
+ <important>
+ <title>é¿å…以 root å¸å·ç™»å½•</title>
+ <para>您ä¸éœ€è¦ä»¥ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 登录，ä»ç„¶å¯ä»¥ç®¡ç†æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统。本文档ä¸åŒ…å«çš„æ“ä½œï¼Œå¦‚æžœéœ€è¦ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> æƒé™ï¼Œä¼šæ示您输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。示例使用 <command>su <option>-c</option></command> 命令实现了这ç§åŠŸèƒ½ã€‚</para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-additional-resources">
+ <title>é™„åŠ èµ„æº</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>文档</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>手册页</secondary></indexterm><para>æœ¬æ–‡æ¡£æ²¡æœ‰ä»‹ç» <command>yum</command> 工具的æŸäº›ç‰¹æ€§å’Œé€‰é¡¹ã€‚阅读 <command>man</command> 手册页的 <command>yum(8)</command> å’Œ <filename>yum.conf(5)</filename> æ¥å¦ä¹ 它们，åªè¦è¿™æ ·ï¼š</para><screen><userinput>man yum
+man yum.conf</userinput></screen><indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>网站</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>邮件列表</secondary></indexterm><para>互è”网上其他有用的 <command>yum</command> 资æºè¿˜æœ‰ï¼š</para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>项目网站</term><listitem><para><ulink url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/"/></para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>用户的邮件列表</term><listitem><para><ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/yum/"/></para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>å¼€å‘的邮件列表</term><listitem><para><ulink url="https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum-devel/"/></para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist><tip><title>请先查阅 &BZ;</title><para>如果您的æŸä¸ªæ“作总是产生错误，请查阅 &BZ-URL; 并å‚考相关软件包的错误报告。æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…出错å¯èƒ½å¯¼è‡´ä¾èµ–于这个软件包的所有 <command>yum</co
mmand> æ“作失败。请在 &BZ; 网站上æ交相关 &FED; 软件包的错误报告。</para></tip></section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-concepts">
+ <title>软件管ç†æ¦‚念</title>
+ <section id="sn-about-packages">
+ <title>关于软件包</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件包</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>&FED; 的软件和文档以一ç§ç§°ä¸º RPM <firstterm>软件包</firstterm> 的文件方å¼æ供。æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…是一个压缩的文档，包å«äº†å†…容信æ¯ï¼Œåº”用程åºæ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œå›¾æ ‡ï¼Œæ–‡æ¡£å’Œç”¨ä½œç®¡ç†çš„脚本。管ç†ç¨‹åºåˆ©ç”¨è¿™äº›å†…容æ¥å®‰å…¨åœ°å®šä½ã€å®‰è£…å’Œå¸è½½è½¯ä»¶ã€‚例如，&FED; å®‰è£…è¿‡ç¨‹ä½¿ç”¨éš &FC; 附带的软件包æ¥æž„建或å‡çº§ç¬¦åˆæ‚¨éœ€è¦çš„系统。</para>
+ <para>软件包也包å«ä¸€ä¸ªæ•°å—ç¾å，以验è¯å®ƒä»¬çš„æ¥æºã€‚软件管ç†å·¥å…·é€šè¿‡ GPG <firstterm>公钥</firstterm> æ¥éªŒè¯è¿™ä¸ªç¾å。<command>yum</command> å’Œ <command>rpm</command> 工具共享åŒä¸€ä¸ª <firstterm>keyring</firstterm>，它ä¿å˜äº†æ‰€æœ‰æœ‰ä¿éšœçš„软件包æ¥æºçš„公钥。系统管ç†å‘˜å¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©æ·»åŠ 这些有ä¿éšœçš„软件包æ¥æºã€‚</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>&FED; 的所有软件包都是开æºè½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <para>&FP; æ供的所有软件都是开æºè½¯ä»¶ã€‚您å¯ä»¥ä¸‹è½½ &FED; 的软件包并安装到任æ„多的系统ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ </note>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-about-repositories">
+ <title>关于仓库</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>仓库</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ <firstterm>仓库</firstterm> 是一个预备好的目录，或是一个网站，包å«äº†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…和索引文件。软件管ç†å·¥å…·ï¼Œç±»ä¼¼ <command>yum</command>，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»“库ä¸è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°å®šä½å¹¶èŽ·å–æ£ç¡®çš„ RPM è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±ä¸å¿…手动æœç´¢å’Œå®‰è£…新应用程åºå’Œå‡çº§è¡¥ä¸äº†ã€‚åªç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ï¼Œæ‚¨å°±å¯ä»¥æ›´æ–°ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥æ ¹æ®æŒ‡å®šæœç´¢ç›®æ ‡æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾å®‰è£…新软件。</para>
+ <para>有一系列的æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œä¸ºæ¯ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ &FC; 分别æ供了一些仓库。&FC; ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·å·²ç»é¢„å…ˆé…置为使用下列三个仓库：</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Base</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>æž„æˆ &FC; 的软件包，和光盘上内容相åŒ</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Updates</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Base 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶åŒ…的更新版本</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>&EX;</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>ä¸€å¤§æ‰¹é™„åŠ çš„è½¯ä»¶åŒ…</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <note>
+ <title>过去版本的 &FC;</title>
+ <para>&FC; &FCLOCALVER; 自动地支æŒè¿™ä¸‰ä¸ªä»“库。如果是 &FC; 3 系统，您必须手动调整æ‰èƒ½ä½¿ç”¨ &FEX;，å¯ä»¥æŒ‰ç…§ <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/> æ¥åšã€‚</para>
+ </note>
+ <warning>
+ <title>&FED; å¼€å‘仓库</title>
+ <para>&FC; 也包å«äº†å‡ 个å¯é€‰çš„仓库设置。它们æ供测试的软件包，å¯ä»¥å–ä»£ä¸€ä¸ªæˆ–å¤šä¸ªæ ‡å‡†çš„ä»“åº“ã€‚åªæœ‰å½“æ‚¨æ‰“ç®—æµ‹è¯•å’Œå¼€å‘ &FED; 软件时，æ‰åº”当å¯ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼š<filename>fedora-devel</filename> (Rawhide), <filename>fedora-extras-devel</filename>, å’Œ <filename>updates-testing</filename>。</para>
+ </warning>
+ <para>第三方软件开å‘者通常也使用仓库，æ¥æ供自己软件的 &FED; 版本。è¦å¦ä¹ 如何é…置自己的 &FED; 系统æ¥ä½¿ç”¨ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹ä»“库，å¯ä»¥é˜…读 <xref linkend="sn-using-repositories"/>。</para>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件组</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>您å¯ä»¥ç”¨ &FED; 仓库æ供的 <firstterm>软件组</firstterm> æ¥ç®¡ç†ç›¸å…³çš„软件包集åˆã€‚第三方仓库å¯ä»¥å‘这些组ä¸æ·»åŠ 软件包，也å¯ä»¥å°†è‡ªå·±çš„软件包放在新的组ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ <!-- SE: Some repositories use groups and some don't: I've tried to put this nicely. -->
+<!-- SE: Using the admonition for this is not optimal, it just doesn't fit anywhere else. -->
+ <note>
+ <title>现有的软件组</title>
+ <para>è¦æŸ¥çœ‹æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰å¯ç”¨çš„软件组，è¿è¡Œå‘½ä»¤ <command>su -c 'yum grouplist'</command>。</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>使用仓库æ¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨æ€»æ˜¯ç”¨ç€è½¯ä»¶çš„最新版。如果仓库ä¸æ供了æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…的多个版本，管ç†å·¥å…·ä¼šè‡ªåŠ¨é€‰æ‹©æœ€æ–°çš„那个。</para>
+ <caution>
+ <title>安装软件，但ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ä»“库</title>
+ <para>如果您确信，没有任何一个仓库æ供了您需è¦çš„æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå†å°è¯•æ‰‹åŠ¨å®‰è£…它。您å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ç®¡ç†è¿™ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œæ— æ³•åº”ç”¨ &FED; 软件包管ç†å·¥å…·ã€‚</para>
+ <para>本文档ä¸çš„ <command>yum</command> 命令使用仓库作为软件包æ¥æºã€‚如果è¦ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 从一个软件包文件æ¥å®‰è£…软件，å¯ä»¥å‚考 <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/>。</para>
+ </caution>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-about-dependencies">
+ <title>关于ä¾èµ–关系</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ä¾èµ–关系</primary>
+ <secondary>定义</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>&FED; å‘行版ä¸å®‰è£…çš„æŸäº›æ–‡ä»¶å±žäºŽ <firstterm>库</firstterm>，它为多个应用程åºæ供功能。如果一个应用程åºéœ€è¦æŸä¸ªç‰¹å®šçš„库，那么这个库就是一个 <firstterm>ä¾èµ–</firstterm>。è¦æ£å¸¸åœ°å®‰è£…一个软件包，&FED; 必须首先满足它的ä¾èµ–关系。一个 RPM 软件包的ä¾èµ–ä¿¡æ¯å‚¨å˜åœ¨è¿™ä¸ª RPM 文件ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具使用软件包ä¾èµ–关系数æ®æ¥ä¿è¯ä¸€ä¸ªåº”用程åºåœ¨å®‰è£…å‰ï¼Œæ‰€æœ‰çš„è¦æ±‚都已满足。它自动地安装ä¾èµ–的软件包，如果系统ä¸æ²¡æœ‰çš„è¯ã€‚如果æŸä¸ªæ–°çš„应用程åºçš„è¦æ±‚与现有的软件冲çªï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 会放弃，ä¸å¯¹ç³»ç»Ÿåšä»»ä½•ä¿®æ”¹ã€‚</para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-package-names">
+ <title>ç†è§£è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å称</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件包</primary>
+ <secondary>硬件兼容性</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件包</primary><secondary>命å</secondary></indexterm><para>æ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…文件都有一个很长的åå—，包å«äº†å‡ 个最é‡è¦çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚例如，这就是 &FC; ä¸ <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件包的全å：</para><screen><filename>tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm</filename></screen><para>管ç†å·¥å…·å¤„ç†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…时，通常使用如下三ç§æ ¼å¼ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼š</para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>软件包å称：<filename>tsclient</filename></para></listitem><listitem><para>带有版本å·å’Œå‘行版本的软件包å称：<filename>tsclient-0.132-6</filename></para>
+<!-- In what instances is the release number not needed? For many -->
+<!-- package updates, only the release number might change. Although it -->
+<!-- might be superfluous, it's never *bad* to include it, right? [PWF] -->
+ </listitem><listitem><para>带有硬件架构的软件包å称：<filename>tsclient.i386</filename></para></listitem></itemizedlist><para>为了清楚明白，<command>yum</command> 以 <filename>å称.架构</filename> çš„æ ¼å¼æ¥åˆ—出软件包。仓库通常也将软件包å˜å‚¨åœ¨ä»¥æž¶æž„区分的目录ä¸ã€‚æ¯æ¬¡ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶åŒ…指定架构的时候，实际指定的是æ¤è½¯ä»¶å¯¹æœºå™¨æž¶æž„çš„ <emphasis>最低</emphasis> è¦æ±‚。</para><variablelist><varlistentry><term>i386</term><listitem><para>适于任何现有的 Intel 兼容计算机</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>noarch</term><listitem><para>适于所有架构</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>ppc</term><listitem><para>适于 PowerPC 系统，例如 Apple Power Macintosh</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>x86_64</term><listitem><para>适于 64 ä½ Intel 处ç†å™¨ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚ Opterons</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist><para>一些软件ä
¼šä¸ºç‰¹æ®Šç±»åž‹çš„ Intel 处ç†å™¨ä¼˜åŒ–，为 <option>i386</option>, <option>i586</option>, <option>i686</option> å’Œ <option>x86_64</option> 计算机æä¾›ä¸åŒçš„软件包。如果机器ä¸æœ‰ Intel 奔腾，VIA C3 或其他兼容的处ç†å™¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <option>i586</option> 软件包。如果机器ä¸æœ‰ Intel 高能奔腾或更强劲的处ç†å™¨ï¼Œæˆ–是有时兴的 AMD 处ç†å™¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨ <option>i686</option> 软件包。</para><para>在 <command>yum</command> 的命令行ä¸ï¼Œåº”当使用软件包的çŸå称。<command>yum</command> 会自动在符åˆæ‚¨çš„机器架构的仓库ä¸ï¼Œé€‰æ‹©ç‰ˆæœ¬æœ€æ–°çš„软件包。</para><para>用其他命åæ ¼å¼æŒ‡å®šè½¯ä»¶åŒ…，å¯ä»¥é¿å…默认行为，强制 <command>yum</command> 使用指定版本或架构的软件包。åªæœ‰å½“您知é“默认选择有问题，ä¸é€‚宜安装时æ‰åº”å½“è¿™æ ·åšã€‚</para><tip><title>软件包å称</title><para>您å¯ä»¥åœ¨ <command>yum</command> æ“作ä¸ï¼Œä½¿
ç”¨ä¸‹åˆ—ä»»ä¸€æ ¼å¼æ¥æŒ‡å®šè½¯ä»¶åŒ…：<replaceable>name</replaceable>, <replaceable>name.architecture</replaceable>, <replaceable>name-version</replaceable>, <replaceable>name-version-release</replaceable>, <replaceable>name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>, å’Œ <replaceable>epoch:name-version-release.architecture</replaceable>。</para></tip></section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-software-management-tools">
+ <title>&FC; ä¸çš„软件管ç†å·¥å…·</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>æ·»åŠ /移除应用程åºå·¥å…·</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>è¦å‘Šå›¾æ ‡</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>up2date</primary></indexterm><para><command>yum</command> 工具是一个完整的软件管ç†ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚&FC; 也包å«å…¶ä»–å‡ ä¸ªåº”ç”¨ç¨‹åºï¼Œä½œä¸º <command>yum</command> 的补充。</para><para>您的桌é¢ä¸Šæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ª <application>Alert Icon</application>，当软件包有更新时它会通知您。如果您的系统ä¸æ˜¯æœ€æ–°çš„ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªå›¾æ ‡å°±æ˜¾ç¤ºä¸ºå¸¦æœ‰é—ªçƒçš„æ„Ÿå¹å·çš„红色圆圈。è¦å‘Šå›¾æ ‡æ˜¯ <application>up2date</application> 的一部分，它让您å¯ä»¥ç®€å•åœ°æ›´æ–°ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚</para><para>&FC; 也包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ª <application>system-config-packages</application> 工具。è¦åœ¨å›¾å½¢ç•Œé¢è¿è¡Œè¿™ä¸ªåº”用程åºï¼Œä»Žèœå•ä¸é€‰æ‹© <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>。与 <application>up2date</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> ä¸åŒï¼Œ<appl
ication>system-config-packages</application> åªèƒ½åˆ©ç”¨ &FC; 安装光盘ä¸å®‰è£…è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œæ— æ³•ä½¿ç”¨ä»“åº“ã€‚è¿™ä¸ªåº”ç”¨ç¨‹åºç”¨äºŽç³»ç»Ÿè¿˜æ²¡æœ‰ç½‘络连接的时候。</para><para>命令行工具 <command>rpm</command> 有很多功能，主è¦æ˜¯æ“作å•ç‹¬çš„ RPM 软件包。您å¯ä»¥åˆ©ç”¨å®ƒæ¥æ‰‹åŠ¨åœ°ä¸ºç³»ç»Ÿå®‰è£…和移除软件包。如果使用 <command>rpm</command> 工具安装软件，您必须手动地检测和安装任何ä¾èµ–å…³ç³»ã€‚å› ä¸ºè¿™ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 是安装软件的首选方å¼ã€‚</para><caution><title>当å‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…版本</title><para><application>up2date</application> å’Œ <command>yum</command> 工具å¯ä»¥ä¿è¯æ‚¨å®‰è£…的是最新版本的软件包。其他方å¼ä¸ä¿è¯è½¯ä»¶åŒ…是å¦æœ€æ–°ã€‚</para></caution></section>
+ <section id="sn-managing-packages">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 管ç†è½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>软件管ç†</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>使用 <command>yum</command> 工具改å˜ç³»ç»Ÿä¸çš„软件é…置，有四ç§é€‰æ‹©ï¼š</para>
+ <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>从仓库安装新软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>从å•ç‹¬çš„软件包文件安装新软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>更新您的系统ä¸çŽ°æœ‰çš„软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>从您的系统ä¸ç§»é™¤ä¸éœ€è¦çš„软件</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+ <!-- SE: This duplicates text from the admonition in sn-about-repositories. It's here as well because the Fedora site has a link straight to this section -->
+ <important>
+ <title>从一个软件包文件安装软件</title>
+ <para>本文档ä¸çš„ <command>yum</command> 命令使用仓库作为软件包æ¥æºã€‚如果è¦ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command> 从一个软件包文件æ¥å®‰è£…软件，å¯ä»¥å‚考 <xref linkend="sn-yum-installing-frompackage"/>。</para>
+ </important>
+ <para>使用 <command>yum</command> 时，应指定一个æ“作，以åŠä¸€ä¸ªæˆ–多个软件包/软件组。</para>
+ <para>对于æ¯ä¸ªæ“作，<command>yum</command> 都è¦ä»Žå·²é…置的仓库ä¸ä¸‹è½½æœ€æ–°çš„软件包信æ¯ã€‚如果您的网络连接比较慢，<command>yum</command> 会用数秒钟æ¥ä¸‹è½½ä»“库的索引以åŠè½¯ä»¶åŒ…的文件头。</para>
+ <para>为得到所需的结果，<command>yum</command> 工具æœç´¢è¿™äº›æ•°æ®æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œäº§ç”Ÿæœ€å¥½çš„动作集åˆï¼Œç„¶åŽæ˜¾ç¤ºå¾…处ç†çš„事务，您å¯ä»¥æ‰¹å‡†æ˜¯å¦ç»§ç»ã€‚事务å¯èƒ½ä¼šåŒ…å«å®‰è£…ï¼Œæ›´æ–°æˆ–åˆ é™¤é¢å¤–的软件，以æ¤æ¥æ»¡è¶³è½¯ä»¶ä¾èµ–关系。</para>
+ <example id="yum-transaction-format">
+ <title>
+ <command>yum</command> äº‹åŠ¡æŠ¥å‘Šçš„æ ¼å¼</title>
+ <para>这个范例是安装 <filename>tsclient</filename> 时的事务：</para>
+ <screen>
+ <computeroutput>=============================================================================
+ Package Arch Version Repository Size
+=============================================================================
+Installing:
+ tsclient i386 0.132-6 base 247 k
+Installing for dependencies:
+ rdesktop i386 1.4.0-2 base 107 k
+
+Transaction Summary
+=============================================================================
+Install 2 Package(s)
+Update 0 Package(s)
+Remove 0 Package(s)
+Total download size: 355 k
+Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput>
+ </screen>
+ </example>
+ <para>检视列表ä¸çš„改å˜ï¼Œç„¶åŽæŒ‰ä¸‹ <keycap>y</keycap> 接å—并开始。如果您按下 <keycap>N</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap>(回车)，<command>yum</command> ä¸ä¼šä¸‹è½½æˆ–改å˜ä»»ä½•è½¯ä»¶ã€‚</para>
+ <note>
+ <title>软件包版本</title>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具åªæ˜¾ç¤ºå’Œä½¿ç”¨è½¯ä»¶åŒ…的最新版本，除éžæ‚¨æŒ‡å®šä¸€ä¸ªæ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬ã€‚</para>
+ </note>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具支æŒå¯¼å…¥ä»“库公钥，如果它没有预装在 <command>rpm</command> 钥匙环ä¸çš„è¯ã€‚</para>
+ <example id="yum-publickey-import">
+ <title>
+ <command>yum</command> å…¬é’¥å¯¼å…¥çš„æ ¼å¼</title>
+ <para>这是公钥导入的一个例å：</para>
+ <screen>
+ <computeroutput>warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4f2a6fd2
+public key not available for tsclient-0.132-6.i386.rpm
+Retrieving GPG key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
+Importing GPG key 0x4F2A6FD2 "Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>"
+Is this ok [y/N]:</computeroutput>
+ </screen>
+ </example>
+ <para>检查这个公钥，然åŽæŒ‰ä¸‹ <keycap>y</keycap> æ¥å¯¼å…¥å®ƒï¼Œè®¤å¯å®ƒçš„效力。如果您按下 <keycap>N</keycap> 或 <keycap>Enter</keycap>(回车)，<command>yum</command> åœæ¢ï¼Œä¸å®‰è£…任何软件包。</para>
+ <para>为ä¿è¯ä¸‹è½½åˆ°çš„软件包是真实的，<command>yum</command> 用æä¾›è€…çš„å…¬é’¥æ ¡éªŒæ¯ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åŒ…çš„æ•°å—ç¾å。当事务需è¦çš„所有软件包都已æˆåŠŸä¸‹è½½å¹¶æ ¡éªŒåŽï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 将它们应用到您的系统ä¸ã€‚</para>
+ <para>æ¯ä¸ªå®Œæˆçš„事务会在日志文件 <filename>/var/log/yum.log</filename> ä¸è®°å½•å—å½±å“的软件包。您åªèƒ½ä»¥ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> æƒé™è¯»å–它。</para>
+ <tip>
+ <title>下载被缓å˜</title>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> 工具ä¿ç•™å·²ä¸‹è½½çš„æ•°æ®æ–‡ä»¶å’Œè½¯ä»¶åŒ…以å¤ç”¨ã€‚如果需è¦ï¼Œæ‚¨å¯ä»¥ä»Ž <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 下的仓库缓å˜ç›®å½•ä¸ï¼Œå°†è½¯ä»¶åŒ…å¤åˆ¶å‡ºæ¥ï¼Œç”¨äºŽå…¶ä»–地方。缓å˜ä¸çš„软件包å³ä½¿è¢«åˆ 除，也ä¸ä¼šå½±å“到您的系统ä¸å·²ç»å®‰è£…的软件。</para>
+ </tip>
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-withrepositories">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 安装新软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>安装软件</primary>
+ <see>软件，安装</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>安装</secondary></indexterm><para>è¦å®‰è£…软件 <filename>tsclient</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum install <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>è¦å®‰è£…软件组 <filename>MySQL Database</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupinstall "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><important><title>æ–°çš„æœåŠ¡éœ€è¦æ¿€æ´»</title><para>当您安装一项æœåŠ¡çš„时候，&FED; ä¸ä¼šæ¿€æ´»æˆ–å¯åŠ¨å®ƒã€‚è¦é…置一项新æœåŠ¡éšç³»ç»Ÿå¯åŠ¨è€Œè¿è¡Œï¼Œé€‰æ‹©èœå•ä¸çš„ <menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>System Settings</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Server Settings</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Ser
vices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>，或者使用命令行工具 <command>chkconfig</command> 和 <command>service</command>。</para></important></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-updating-withrepositories">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 更新软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>æ›´æ–°</primary>
+ <secondary>软件包</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>æ›´æ–°</secondary></indexterm><para>è¦æ›´æ–° <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件为最新版本，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum update <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><important><title>新版本软件需è¦é‡æ–°è½½å…¥</title><para>如果您更新æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶æ—¶ï¼Œå®ƒæ£åœ¨è¢«ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæ—§ç‰ˆæœ¬ä»ç„¶æœ‰æ•ˆï¼Œç›´åˆ°æ‚¨é‡æ–°å¯åŠ¨åº”用程åºæˆ–æœåŠ¡ã€‚å†…æ ¸çš„æ›´æ–°å¿…é¡»åˆ°æ‚¨é‡æ–°å¯åŠ¨ç³»ç»Ÿæ—¶æ‰å¯ç”Ÿæ•ˆã€‚</para></important><para>è¦æ›´æ–°è½¯ä»¶ç»„ <filename>MySQL Database</filename> ä¸çš„所有软件，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupupdate "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><note><title>更新整个ç
³»ç»Ÿ</title><para>è¦æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统ä¸çš„所有软件，使用 <xref linkend="sn-updating-your-system"/> ä¸æ到的命令。</para></note></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-removing-software">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 移除软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>移除软件</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>移除</secondary></indexterm><para>è¦ç§»é™¤è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œ<command>yum</command> 在您的系统ä¸æ£€æµ‹æŒ‡å®šè¢«ç§»é™¤çš„软件，以åŠä»»ä½•ä¾èµ–于它的软件。移除软件的事务将移除这一软件åŠæ‰€æœ‰ä¾èµ–于它的软件。</para><para>è¦ç§»é™¤ <filename>tsclient</filename> 软件，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum remove <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>è¦ç§»é™¤è½¯ä»¶ç»„ <filename>MySQL Database</filename> ä¸çš„所有软件，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum groupremove "<replaceable>MySQL Database</replaceable>"'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><note><title>æ•°æ®å’Œé…置文件的ä¿ç•™æƒ…况</title><para>移除过程会ä¿ç•™ç”¨æˆ·æ•°æ
®ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯åœ¨æŸäº›æ—¶å€™ä¼šç§»é™¤é…置文件。如果æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„移除ä¸åŒ…括é…置文件，而您在åŽé¢åˆé‡å®‰è£…了这一软件，那么它å¯èƒ½ä¼šé‡ç”¨æ—§çš„é…置文件。</para></note></section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-searching-packages">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>软件包</primary>
+ <secondary>定ä½</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>æœç´¢</primary><secondary>软件包</secondary></indexterm><para>使用 <command>yum</command> çš„æœç´¢åŠŸèƒ½æ¥æŸ¥æ‰¾å·²é…置的仓库ä¸å¯ç”¨çš„软件，或系统ä¸å·²å®‰è£…的软件。æœç´¢è‡ªåŠ¨åŒ…å«è¿™ä¸¤ç±»è½¯ä»¶ã€‚</para><para>ç»“æžœçš„æ ¼å¼ä¾èµ–于所用的选项。如果查询没有给出结果，说明没有满足è¦æ±‚的软件。</para><section id="sn-searching-packages-byname"><title>通过软件å和属性æœç´¢</title><para>è¦é€šè¿‡å称æœç´¢ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨ <option>list</option> 功能。è¦æœç´¢è½¯ä»¶ <filename>tsclient</filename>，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>è¦ä½¿æœç´¢æ›´ç²¾ç¡®ï¼Œå¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šåŒ…å«å±žæ€§çš„å称，例如版本或硬件架构。è¦æœç´¢ <filename>tsclient</filename> çš„ 0.132 版，使用命令：</para><
screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsclient-0.132</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><note><title>有效的软件属性</title><para>å‚è§ <xref linkend="sn-package-names"/>，其ä¸æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…命åæ ¼å¼ä»¥åŠå…¶ä¸åŒ…å«çš„属性ç‰ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚</para></note></section><section id="sn-searching-packages-advanced"><title>高级æœç´¢</title><para>如果您ä¸çŸ¥é“软件的å称，使用 <option>search</option> 或 <option>provides</option> 功能。å¦å¤–，å¯ä»¥åœ¨ä»»ä½• <command>yum</command> æœç´¢é€‰é¡¹ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符和æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œæ¥æ‰©å¤§æœç´¢èŒƒå›´ã€‚</para><para><option>search</option> 功能检测所有å¯ç”¨çš„软件的å称ã€æè¿°ã€æ¦‚述和已列出的维护者，查找匹é…的值。例如，è¦ä»Žæ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ä¸æœç´¢ä¸Ž PalmPilots 相关的内容，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum search <replaceable>PalmPilot</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>当æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemite
m> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para><option>provides</option> 功能检测软件包ä¸åŒ…å«çš„文件以åŠè½¯ä»¶æ供的功能。与 <option>search</option> 相比，这个选项è¦æ±‚ <command>yum</command> 下载并读å–一个很大的索引文件。</para><para>è¦æœç´¢æ‰€æœ‰åŒ…å«æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>libneon</filename> 的软件包，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>libneon</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>è¦æœç´¢æ‰€æœ‰æ供了 MTA (Mail Transport Agent, é‚®ä»¶ä¼ è¾“ä»£ç†) æœåŠ¡ï¼Œæˆ–å称ä¸åŒ…å«äº† <filename>mta</filename> 的软件包：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum provides <replaceable>MTA</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>对æ¯ä¸ªå‘½ä»¤ï¼Œåº”在æ示时输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>ä½¿ç”¨æ ‡å‡†çš„é€šé…符æé…è¯æˆ–å称的片段æ¥æœç´¢ï¼š<option>?</option> 代表任æ„å•ä¸ªå—符，<option>*</option> 代表 0 或多个å—符。在通é…符å‰
应当使用转义å—符 (<option>\</option>)。</para><para>è¦ <option>list</option> 列出å称以 <filename>tsc</filename> 开始的软件，输入：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum list <replaceable>tsc\*</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><tip><title>æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼</title><para>使用 Perl 或 Python æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¥è¿›è¡Œæ›´å¤æ‚的查询。</para></tip></section><section id="sn-package-matches"><title>ç†è§£åŒ¹é…</title><para>使用 <command>yum</command> æœç´¢ä¼šå¾—出所有匹é…您的æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件。如果ä¸ä½¿ç”¨é€šé…符或æ£åˆ™è¡¨è¾¾å¼ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆåªæœ‰å‡†ç¡®åœ°æ»¡è¶³æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶çš„软件æ‰è§†ä¸ºåŒ¹é…。</para><para>例如，æœç´¢ <filename>shadowutils</filename> 或 <filename>shadow-util</filename> 的结果ä¸ä¼šåŒ…å« <filename>shadow-utils</filename> 软件。如果æœç´¢æ¡ä»¶æ˜¯ <filename>shadow-util\?</filename> 或 <filename>shadow\*</filename>，那么这个软件将视为匹é…并显示出æ¥ã€‚</para></section></section>
+ <section id="sn-updating-your-system">
+ <title>使用 <command>yum</command> 更新您的系统</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>æ›´æ–°</primary>
+ <secondary>整个系统</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>更新整个系统</secondary></indexterm><para>使用 <option>update</option> 功能æ¥æ›´æ–°æ‚¨çš„ &FED; 系统ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ä¸ºæœ€æ–°ç‰ˆï¼Œåªè¦ä¸€ä¸ªæ“作。</para><para>è¦è¿›è¡Œæ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿçš„更新，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum update'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。</para><section id="sn-automatic-updating"><title>自动更新您的系统</title><indexterm><primary>自动更新</primary></indexterm><para>&FC; ä¸çš„ <filename>yum</filename> 包å«äº†ä¸€ä¸ªè„šæœ¬ï¼Œç”¨ä»¥æ¯æ—¥è‡ªåŠ¨åœ°æ›´æ–°æ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿã€‚è¦æ¿€æ´»æ¯æ—¥çš„自动更新，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 yum on; /sbin/service yum start'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><note><title>æ¯æ—¥æ›´æ–°æ˜¯å¦‚何åšåˆ°çš„<
/title><para>系统ä¸å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰å•ç‹¬çš„ <command>yum</command> æœåŠ¡ã€‚这个命令å¯ç”¨äº†æŽ§åˆ¶è„šæœ¬ <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum</filename>。这个控制脚本激活了 <filename>/etc/cron.daily/yum.cron</filename>，而它åˆä¼šä½¿ <command>cron</command> æœåŠ¡æ¥åœ¨æ¯æ—¥å‡Œæ™¨å››ç‚¹æ—¶è¿›è¡Œè‡ªåŠ¨çš„系统更新。</para></note></section></section>
+ <section id="sn-using-repositories">
+ <title>使用其他软件仓库</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>&FEX;</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>寻找</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>æœç´¢</primary><secondary>仓库</secondary></indexterm><para>&FED; 系统自动使用 &FP; 的仓库。其ä¸åŒ…括 &FEX;，默认没有包å«åœ¨ &FC; ä¸çš„软件包。</para><note><title>适于旧版本 &FC; çš„ &FEX; 仓库</title><para>您必须手动é…ç½® &FC; 3 系统使用 &FEX;，按照 <ulink url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/extras/"/> çš„æ¥éª¤åšã€‚对于 &FC; 1 å’Œ &FC; 2 çš„é™„åŠ è½¯ä»¶åŒ…ï¼Œè¯·æŸ¥çœ‹ <ulink url="http://www.fedora.us/"/>。</para></note><para>如果 &FP; 没有包å«æŸä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼Œè½¯ä»¶çš„作者å¯èƒ½æ供了一个å•ç‹¬çš„仓库。一些社区的æˆå‘˜ä¹Ÿç»´æŠ¤äº†é€‚于 &FED; 的软件仓库。例如，<ulink url="http://www.jpackage.org/"/> å°†æµè¡Œçš„ Java 软件打包å‘布。</para><section id="sn-adding-repositories"><title>æ·»åŠ ä»“åº“ä½œä¸ºè½¯ä»¶æ¥æº</title><indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>æ·»åŠ <
/secondary></indexterm><para>è¦å¦å¤–æ·»åŠ ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“ï¼Œå¿…é¡»åœ¨æ‚¨çš„ç³»ç»Ÿä¸ <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 目录下新建一个æ述文件。仓库维护者一般会在网站上公布自己的仓库的æ述文件。</para><tip><title>文件扩展å约定</title><para>仓库æ述文件的å称以 <filename>.repo</filename> 结尾。</para></tip><para>您必须有 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> æƒé™æ‰èƒ½å‘è¿™ä¸ªç›®å½•æ·»åŠ æ–‡ä»¶ã€‚è¦å¤åˆ¶æ述文件 <filename>example.repo</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'cp example.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>æ¯ä¸ªä»“库的æ述文件应当包å«ä¸€ä¸ª <command>gpgkey</command> é…置项。这一é…置项指定了为验è¯è¿™ä¸€ä»“库的软件包所用的公钥的地å€ã€‚这个公钥在第一次安装这个仓库ä¸çš„软件时会自动导入。如
æžœé…置文件ä¸æ²¡æœ‰åŒ…å«è¿™ä¸ªé…置项，请å‚è§ <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>。</para><note><title>仓库和 <application>up2date</application> 频é“</title><para>从 &FC; 4 开始，<command>yum</command> 仓库被自动用作 <application>up2date</application> 频é“。在 &FC; 3 和更è€ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„系统ä¸ï¼Œæ‚¨å¿…须手动é…ç½® <application>up2date</application> 使用这些频é“。具体的æ¥éª¤æ˜¯ä¿®æ”¹æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources</filename>。</para></note></section><section id="sn-authorizing-package-sources"><title>手动认è¯è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº</title><indexterm><primary>公钥</primary><secondary>æ·»åŠ </secondary></indexterm><para>è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨å‘ <command>rpm</command> 钥匙环ä¸æ·»åŠ 公钥，使用 <command>rpm</command> çš„ <option>import</option> 功能。è¦å¯¼å…¥æ–‡ä»¶ <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</user
input></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para><para>您å¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥ä»Žä¸€ä¸ªç½‘站上导入公钥。例如，è¦å¯¼å…¥ç½‘ç«™ <wordasword>www.therepository.com</wordasword> 上的文件 <filename>GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</filename>，使用命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'rpm --import <replaceable>http://www.therepository.com/GPG-PUB-KEY.asc</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。</para><important><title>在 &FC; 3 ä¸å¯¼å…¥ &FED; 公钥</title><para>è¦åœ¨ &FC; 3 系统ä¸å‘ <command>rpm</command> é’¥åŒ™çŽ¯æ·»åŠ &FED; 的公钥，使用命令 <command>su -c 'rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora'</command>。</para></important></section><section id="sn-compat-repositories"><title>ç†è§£ä»“库相容性</title><indexterm><primary>软件包</primary><secondary>软件相容性</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primar
y>仓库</primary><secondary>相容性</secondary></indexterm><para>&FEX; 仓库æ供了按照与 &FC; 相åŒçš„æ ‡å‡†æž„å»ºçš„è½¯ä»¶ã€‚ç¬¬ä¸‰æ–¹è½¯ä»¶æ€»æ˜¯ä¼šä¸Ž &FP; 软件包相容，如果ä¸æ˜¯ï¼Œæ供者会给出特别的说明。</para><para>åœ¨æ‚¨å°†ä¸€ä¸ªä»“åº“æ·»åŠ ä¸ºè½¯ä»¶æ¥æºä¹‹å‰ï¼Œä¸€å®šè¦é˜…读仓库所属的网站上有关软件相容性的信æ¯ã€‚ä¸åŒçš„仓库æ供者å¯èƒ½æä¾›åŒä¸€ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒçš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„版本。第三方仓库也å¯èƒ½æä¾› &FED; 仓库ä¸è½¯ä»¶çš„替代软件包。</para><para>替代软件包å¯èƒ½æ˜¯è½¯ä»¶çš„ä¸åŒç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼ŒåŠŸèƒ½ä¸Ž &FP; 仓库ä¸çš„版本ä¸åŒã€‚在将 &FP; 版本的软件包替æ¢æŽ‰å‰ï¼Œä»”细考虑其ä¸çš„好处和å¯èƒ½çš„ä¸ç›¸å®¹æƒ…况。</para><caution><title>ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„仓库</title><para>如果您é…置您的系统使用了ä¸ç›¸å®¹çš„仓库，<command>yum</command> ä¼šæ— æ³•æ“作。</para></caution><para>为一个版本的 &FED; 构建的软件包通常与å¦ä¸€ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ &FED;
ä¸ç›¸å®¹ã€‚æ供者的网站总是会特别地说明所支æŒçš„ &FED; 版本。</para><tip><title>旧版本的 <command>yum</command> 和当å‰çš„仓库</title><para>在 <command>yum</command> 2.1 å‘布时，仓库索引的数æ®æ ¼å¼å‘生了å˜åŒ–。在 &FC; 3 ä¸å³æ˜¯è¿™ä¸€æ ¼å¼ã€‚仓库æ供者应当说明所支æŒçš„ &FC; 版本。è¦ç¡®è®¤ä¸€ä¸ªæœªè¯´æ˜Žçš„仓库是å¦ä¸Žæ–°ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„ <command>yum</command> 相容，åªè¦æŸ¥çœ‹å®ƒæ˜¯å¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå«åš <filename>repodata/</filename> çš„å目录。</para></tip></section></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-installing-frompackage">
+ <title>从一个å•ç‹¬çš„软件包文件安装软件</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>安装软件</primary>
+ <secondary>从软件包</secondary>
+ <see>从软件包安装软件</see>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>软件</primary><secondary>从软件包安装软件</secondary></indexterm><para>ä½¿ç”¨ä»“åº“å’Œæ ‡å‡†çš„ <command>yum</command> 命令æ¥å®šä½å¹¶å®‰è£…新软件，除éžè½¯ä»¶æ— 法从任何一个仓库ä¸æ‰¾åˆ°ã€‚è¿™ç§æƒ…况下，åªèƒ½ç”¨ <option>localinstall</option> 功能æ¥ä»Žè½¯ä»¶åŒ…安装软件了。</para><important><title>必须有公钥</title><para>ç¡®ä¿åœ¨å®‰è£…没有仓库的软件之å‰ï¼Œå·²ç»å¯¼å…¥äº†è½¯ä»¶æ¥æºçš„公钥。å‚è§ <xref linkend="sn-authorizing-package-sources"/>。</para></important><para>è¦å®‰è£…软件包 <filename>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</filename>，输入命令：</para><screen><userinput>su -c 'yum localinstall <replaceable>tsclient-0.132-4.i386.rpm</replaceable>'</userinput></screen><para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 的密ç 。</para><note><title>过去安装的软件将被更新</title><para>如果软件æ供了已安装软件的新版本，<comma
nd>yum</command> 将更新已安装的软件。</para></note><para>如果软件包需è¦ç³»ç»Ÿä¸æœªå®‰è£…的软件，<command>yum</command> 会å°è¯•åˆ©ç”¨å·²é…置的仓库æ¥æ»¡è¶³ä¾èµ–关系。您å¯èƒ½éœ€è¦æ‰‹åŠ¨ä¸‹è½½å¹¶å®‰è£…é¢å¤–的软件æ¥æ»¡è¶³æ‰€æœ‰çš„ä¾èµ–关系。</para><caution><title>手动维护已安装的软件</title><para>如果您安装了并éžæ¥è‡ªä»“库的软件，当它有新版时，<command>yum update</command> æ— æ³•è‡ªåŠ¨æ›´æ–°å®ƒã€‚ä¸ºä¿è¯æ‚¨æ€»æ˜¯ç”¨ç€æœ€æ–°çš„软件，å¯ä»¥è®¢é˜…一份电å邮件或 RSS æœåŠ¡ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å½“有新版时å¯ä»¥å¾—到通知。</para></caution></section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-maintenance">
+ <title>调整 <command>yum</command></title>
+ <para>
+ <command>yum</command> ä¸éœ€è¦ä»»ä½•æ—¥å¸¸çš„维护。为ä¿è¯ <command>yum</command> æ“作的速度，您应当ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤é‚£äº›ä¸å†éœ€è¦çš„仓库。您还å¯ä»¥åˆ 除 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜ä¸çš„文件，从而节çœç¡¬ç›˜ç©ºé—´ã€‚</para>
+ <section id="sn-removing-sources">
+ <title>ç¦ç”¨æˆ–åˆ é™¤è½¯ä»¶æ¥æº</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>仓库</primary>
+ <secondary>ç¦ç”¨</secondary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>仓库</primary><secondary>åˆ é™¤</secondary></indexterm><para>在仓库的æ述文件ä¸è®¾ç½® <command>enable=0</command> å¯ä»¥ç¦æ¢ <command>yum</command> 使用这个仓库。<command>yum</command> 工具忽略包å«è¿™ä¸€è®¾ç½®çš„æ述文件。</para><para>è¦å½»åº•åˆ 除一个仓库</para><procedure><step><para>从 <filename>/etc/yum.repos.d/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的文件。</para></step><step><para>从 <filename>/var/cache/yum/</filename> 目录ä¸åˆ 除相关的缓å˜ç›®å½•ã€‚</para></step></procedure>
+<!-- What with the "web of trust," removing GPG keys is not really -->
+<!-- something we should encourage. Having an extra GPG key in the RPM -->
+<!-- database is not a vulnerability, nor does it hamper the system in -->
+<!-- any way. These are probably a couple of reasons Seth didn't build -->
+<!-- this function into yum as part of "clean all," for example. Since -->
+<!-- we just had several admonitions against people running the rpm -->
+<!-- command on its own anyway, I would just omit this part -->
+<!-- completely. [PWF] -->
+<!--
+
+ <important>
+ <title>Remove Unneeded Public Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If you will not be using any further packages from a provider,
+ remove their public key from the <command>rpm</command>
+ keyring using the procedure described in
+ <xref linkend="sn-removing-publickeys" />.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="sn-removing-publickeys">
+ <title>Removing Public Keys</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>public keys, removing</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To remove a public key from the keyring you first must determine
+ the full name of the key, as it registered in
+ <command>rpm</command>. Run this command to view the details of
+ the public keys on the <command>rpm</command> keyring:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-*</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Locate the heading for the relevant public key. The public key
+ headings follow this format:
+ </para>
+
+ <example id="publickey-header-format">
+ <title>Format of <command>rpm</command> Public Key Headers</title>
+<screen>
+<computeroutput>Name : gpg-pubkey Relocations: (not relocatable)
+Version : 4f2a6fd2 Vendor: (none)
+Release : 3f9d9d3b Build Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST
+Install Date: Wed 15 Jun 2005 09:55:33 PM BST Build Host: localhost
+Group : Public Keys Source RPM: (none)
+Size : 0 License: pubkey
+Signature : (none)
+Summary : gpg(Fedora Project <fedora at redhat.com>)
+Description :</computeroutput>
+</screen>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>
+ Add the <option>Version</option> and <option>Release</option>
+ attributes to <option>gpg-pubkey-</option> to make the complete
+ name of the key, in the form
+ <option>gpg-pubkey-Version_number-Release_number</option>. The
+ <command>rpm</command> identification for the &FP; public key
+ shown above is: <option>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Once you know the identification name of the key, use the
+ command <command>rpm <option>-e</option></command> to remove it.
+ To remove the &FP; public key shown above the exact command
+ would be:
+ </para>
+<screen>
+<userinput>su -c 'rpm -e <replaceable>gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b</replaceable>'</userinput>
+</screen>
+ <para>
+ Enter the password for the
+ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> account when
+ prompted.
+ </para>
+
+-->
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-clearance">
+ <title>清空 <command>yum</command> 缓å˜</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>yum</primary>
+ <secondary>清空缓å˜</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>默认情况下，<command>yum</command> ä¿ç•™å®ƒä¸‹è½½çš„软件包和软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°†æ¥å¯ä»¥å¤ç”¨å®ƒä»¬ï¼Œä¸å¿…é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¦åˆ 除软件信æ¯æ–‡ä»¶ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨å‘½ä»¤ï¼š</para>
+ <screen>
+ <userinput>su -c 'yum clean headers'</userinput>
+ </screen>
+ <para>è¦åˆ 除缓å˜ä¸æ‰€æœ‰è½¯ä»¶åŒ…，使用命令：</para>
+ <screen>
+ <userinput>su -c 'yum clean packages'</userinput>
+ </screen>
+ <para>在æ示时，输入 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> å¸å·çš„密ç 。</para>
+ <para>åˆ é™¤å·²ç¼“å˜çš„文件，下次需è¦å®ƒä»¬æ—¶ï¼Œå¿…é¡»é‡æ–°ä¸‹è½½ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œå®Œæˆæ“作需è¦çš„æ—¶é—´ä¼šå¢žåŠ ã€‚</para>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ <section id="sn-yum-proxy-server">
+ <title>有代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨æ—¶ä½¿ç”¨ <command>yum</command></title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</primary>
+ </indexterm> <indexterm><primary>yum</primary><secondary>有代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨æ—¶çš„使用</secondary></indexterm><para>默认情况下，<command>yum</command> 通过 HTTP 连接到网络上的仓库。所有 <command>yum</command> HTTP æ“作都使用 HTTP/1.1，与支æŒè¿™ä¸€æ ‡å‡†çš„ web 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å…¼å®¹ã€‚您也å¯ä»¥è¿žæŽ¥åˆ° FTP 仓库，并é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用 FTP 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ã€‚<filename>squid</filename> 软件包åŒæ—¶æ供了 HTTP/1.1 å’Œ FTP 连接的代ç†æœåŠ¡ã€‚</para><tip><title>为网络兼容性调整 <command>yum</command></title><para>请å‚考 <filename>yum.conf</filename> 的手册页ä¸ï¼Œå¯ä¿®æ”¹çš„ HTTP 设置，以与éžæ ‡å‡†çš„ web 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å…¼å®¹ã€‚或者，é…ç½® <command>yum</command> 使用 FTP 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å¹¶è®¿é—® FTP 仓库。&FED; 仓库åŒæ—¶æ”¯æŒ HTTP å’Œ FTP。</para></tip><section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-global"><title>é…置代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è®¿é—®</title><para>è¦è®¾ç½®æ‰€æœ‰ <command>yum</command>
æ“作都使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œå¯ä»¥åœ¨ <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> ä¸è®¾ç½®ä»£ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚<option>proxy</option> é…置项必须设定为完整的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨çš„ URLï¼ŒåŒ…å« TCP 端å£å·åœ¨å†…。如果您的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è¦æ±‚用户å和密ç ，å¯ä»¥ç”¨ <option>proxy_username</option> å’Œ <option>proxy_password</option> é…置项æ¥æŒ‡å®šå®ƒä»¬ã€‚</para><para>这一é…置使得 <command>yum</command> 使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ <systemitem class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>，连接端å£å· 3128，用户å <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem>，密ç <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>。</para><example id="config-file-httpproxy"><title>é…置文件设定，以使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title><screen><computeroutput># 代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ - proxy server:port number
+proxy=http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128
+# 用于 yum 连接的å¸æˆ·ç»†èŠ‚
+proxy_username=yum-user
+proxy_password=qwerty</computeroutput></screen></example><note><title>全局设置</title><para>如果您在 <filename>/etc/yum.conf</filename> ä¸å®šä¹‰ä»£ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ï¼Œ<emphasis>所有</emphasis> 用户在使用 <command>yum</command> 时都会应用这个代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨è®¾ç½®ã€‚</para></note></section><section id="sn-yum-proxy-server-peruser"><title>为å•ä¸ªç”¨æˆ·é…置代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title><para>è¦ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªç‰¹å®šçš„用户å¯ç”¨ä»£ç†è®¿é—®ï¼Œåªè¦å°†å®žä¾‹æ¡†ä¸çš„æ–‡æœ¬è¡ŒåŠ å…¥è¿™ä¸ªç”¨æˆ·çš„ shell é…ç½®ä¸ã€‚对于默认的 <command>bash</command> shell，é…置是在 <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> ä¸ã€‚这一设置使得 <command>yum</command> 使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨ <systemitem class="systemname">mycache.mydomain.com</systemitem>，连接端å£å· 3128。</para><example id="profile-script-httpproxy"><title>é…置设定，为使用代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title><screen><computeroutput># 这个å¸å·ä½¿ç”¨çš„代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨
+http_proxy="http://mycache.mydomain.com:3128"
+export http_proxy</computeroutput></screen></example><para>如果代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨éœ€è¦ç”¨æˆ·å和密ç ，åªè¦å°†å®ƒä»¬åŠ å…¥ URL。è¦åŒ…å«ç”¨æˆ·å <systemitem class="username">yum-user</systemitem>，密ç <systemitem>qwerty</systemitem>ï¼Œæ·»åŠ è®¾å®šï¼š</para><example id="profile-script-httpproxy-withpassword"><title>é…置设定，针对安全的代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨</title><screen><computeroutput># 这个å¸å·ä½¿ç”¨çš„代ç†æœåŠ¡å™¨å’Œç”¨æˆ·å/密ç
+http_proxy="http://yum-user:qwerty@mycache.mydomain.com:3128"
+export http_proxy</computeroutput></screen></example><note><title>环境å˜é‡ <option>http_proxy</option></title><para>环境å˜é‡ <command>http_proxy</command> 也为 <command>curl</command> ç‰å…¶ä»–工具所用。尽管 <command>yum</command> å¯ä»¥è¯†åˆ«å¤§å†™æˆ–å°å†™çš„ <command>http_proxy</command>，<command>curl</command> è¦æ±‚环境å˜é‡çš„å称是å°å†™ã€‚</para></note></section></section>
+ <!-- SE: This is at the end of the document, since it looks out of place in section 1 -->
+ <section id="sn-acknowledgements">
+ <title>æ„Ÿè°¢</title>
+ <para>Paul Frields 编辑了本文档。Timothy Murphy 检视了 BETA å‘布。</para>
+ </section>
+ <index id="generated-index"/>
+</article>
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