[deployment-guide] Updated the "Viewing System Processes" section.
Jaromir Hradilek
jhradile at fedoraproject.org
Thu Oct 13 16:51:19 UTC 2011
commit aaedaef3b79f878b5ab8aab0545da7447c3ee68e
Author: Jaromir Hradilek <jhradile at redhat.com>
Date: Thu Oct 13 15:01:07 2011 +0200
Updated the "Viewing System Processes" section.
en-US/System_Monitoring_Tools.xml | 453 ++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
1 files changed, 242 insertions(+), 211 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/en-US/System_Monitoring_Tools.xml b/en-US/System_Monitoring_Tools.xml
index a3e3bc7..0333701 100644
--- a/en-US/System_Monitoring_Tools.xml
+++ b/en-US/System_Monitoring_Tools.xml
@@ -23,32 +23,57 @@
<indexterm>
<primary>processes</primary>
</indexterm>
- <indexterm>
- <primary><command>ps</command></primary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>
- The <command>ps ax</command> command displays a list of current system processes, including processes owned by other users. To display the owner alongside each process, use the <command>ps aux</command> command. This list is a static list; in other words, it is a snapshot of what was running when you invoked the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use <command>top</command> as described below.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <command>ps</command> output can be long. To prevent it from scrolling off the screen, you can pipe it through less:
- </para>
- <synopsis><command>ps</command> <option>aux</option> | <command>less</command></synopsis>
- <para>
- You can use the <command>ps</command> command in combination with the <command>grep</command> command to see if a process is running. For example, to determine if <application>Emacs</application> is running, use the following command:
- </para>
- <synopsis><command>ps</command> <option>ax</option> | <command>grep</command> <option>emacs</option></synopsis>
- <indexterm>
- <primary>system information</primary>
- <secondary>processes</secondary>
- <tertiary>currently running</tertiary>
- </indexterm>
- <indexterm>
- <primary><command>top</command></primary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>
- The <command>top</command> command displays currently running processes and important information about them including their memory and CPU usage. The list is both real-time and interactive. An example of output from the <command>top</command> command is provided as follows:
- </para>
- <screen>~]$ <command>top</command>
+ <section id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">
+ <title>Using the ps Command</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>ps</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ To display a list of current system processes, including processes that are owned by other users, run the <command>ps ax</command> command. For example:
+ </para>
+ <screen>~]$ <command>ps ax</command>
+ PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
+ 1 ? Ss 0:01 /sbin/init
+ 2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
+ 3 ? S 0:02 [ksoftirqd/0]
+ 6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
+ 7 ? S 0:00 [watchdog/0]
+<lineannotation>[output truncated]</lineannotation></screen>
+ <para>
+ To display the owner alongside each process, use the <command>ps aux</command> command:
+ </para>
+ <screen>~]$ <command>ps aux</command>
+USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
+root 1 0.0 0.8 58108 25056 ? Ss Oct12 0:01 /sbin/init
+root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Oct12 0:00 [kthreadd]
+root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Oct12 0:02 [ksoftirqd/0]
+root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Oct12 0:00 [migration/0]
+root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Oct12 0:00 [watchdog/0]
+<lineannotation>[output truncated]</lineannotation></screen>
+ <para>
+ You can also use the <command>ps</command> command in combination with the <command>grep</command> command to see if a particular process is running. For example, to determine if <application>Emacs</application> is running, type:
+ </para>
+ <screen>~]$ <command>ps ax | grep emacs</command>
+12056 pts/3 S+ 0:00 emacs
+12060 pts/2 S+ 0:00 grep --color=auto emacs</screen>
+ <para>
+ Note that <command>ps</command> always produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what was running when you invoked the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the <command>top</command> command or the <application>System Monitor</application> application.
+ </para>
+ </section>
+ <section id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">
+ <title>Using the top Command</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>system information</primary>
+ <secondary>processes</secondary>
+ <tertiary>currently running</tertiary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>top</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ The <command>top</command> command displays currently running processes and important information about them including their memory and CPU usage. The list is both real-time and interactive. An example of output from the <command>top</command> command is provided as follows:
+ </para>
+ <screen>~]$ <command>top</command>
top - 18:11:48 up 1 min, 1 user, load average: 0.68, 0.30, 0.11
Tasks: 122 total, 1 running, 121 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.4%id, 5.7%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0
@@ -71,193 +96,199 @@ Swap: 1015800k total, 0k used, 1015800k free, 189008k cached
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
<lineannotation>[output truncated]</lineannotation></screen>
- <para>
- To exit <command>top</command>, press the <keycap>q</keycap> key.
- </para>
- <para>
- <xref linkend="interactive-top-command" /> contains useful interactive commands that you can use with <command>top</command>. For more information, refer to the <command>top</command>(1) manual page.
- </para>
- <table id="interactive-top-command">
- <title>Interactive top commands</title>
- <tgroup cols="2">
- <colspec colname="command" colnum="1" colwidth="25*" />
- <colspec colname="description" colnum="2" colwidth="75*" />
- <thead>
- <row>
- <entry>
- Command
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Description
- </entry>
- </row>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>Space</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Immediately refresh the display
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>h</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Display a help screen
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>k</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Kill a process. You are prompted for the process ID and the signal to send to it.
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>n</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Change the number of processes displayed. You are prompted to enter the number.
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>u</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Sort by user.
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>M</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Sort by memory usage.
- </entry>
- </row>
- <row>
- <entry>
- <keycap>P</keycap>
- </entry>
- <entry>
- Sort by CPU usage.
- </entry>
- </row>
- </tbody>
- </tgroup>
- </table>
- <indexterm>
- <primary><command>gnome-system-monitor</command></primary>
- </indexterm>
- <indexterm>
- <primary><application>GNOME System Monitor</application></primary>
- </indexterm>
- <para>
- If you prefer a graphical interface for <command>top</command>, you can use the <application>GNOME System Monitor</application>. To start it from the desktop, select <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> or execute <command>gnome-system-monitor</command> at a shell prompt. Select the <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <application>GNOME System Monitor</application> allows you to search for a process in the list of running processes. Using the <application>GNOME System Monitor</application>, you can also view all processes, your processes, or active processes.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <guimenuitem>Edit</guimenuitem> menu item allows you to:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Stop a process.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Continue or start a process.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- End a processes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Kill a process.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Change the priority of a selected process.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Edit the System Monitor preferences. These include changing the interval seconds to refresh the list and selecting process fields to display in the System Monitor window.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- The <guimenuitem>View</guimenuitem> menu item allows you to:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- View only active processes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- View all processes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- View my processes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- View process dependencies.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- View a memory map of a selected process.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- View the files opened by the selected process.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Refresh the list of processes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- To stop a process, select it and click <guibutton>End Process</guibutton>. Alternatively you can also stop a process by selecting it, clicking <guimenuitem>Edit</guimenuitem> on your menu and selecting <guimenuitem>Stop Process</guimenuitem>.
- </para>
- <para>
- To sort the information by a specific column, click on the name of the column. This sorts the information by the selected column in ascending order. Click on the name of the column again to toggle the sort between ascending and descending order.
- </para>
- <figure id="fig-sysinfo-processes">
- <title>System Monitor - Processes</title>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/system-monitor-processes.png" format="PNG" scalefit="0" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
+ <para>
+ <xref linkend="interactive-top-command" /> contains useful interactive commands that you can use with <command>top</command>. For more information, refer to the <command>top</command>(1) manual page.
+ </para>
+ <table id="interactive-top-command">
+ <title>Interactive top commands</title>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <colspec colname="command" colnum="1" colwidth="25*" />
+ <colspec colname="description" colnum="2" colwidth="75*" />
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ Command
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Description
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>Space</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Immediately refresh the display
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>h</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Display a help screen
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>k</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Kill a process. You are prompted for the process ID and the signal to send to it.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>n</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Change the number of processes displayed. You are prompted to enter the number.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>u</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Sort by user.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>M</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Sort by memory usage.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>P</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Sort by CPU usage.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <keycap>q</keycap>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ Exit the utility.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </section>
+ <section id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">
+ <title>Using the System Monitor Tool</title>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><command>gnome-system-monitor</command></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary><application>GNOME System Monitor</application></primary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <para>
+ If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <application>System Monitor</application> tool. To start it, select <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the <guimenu>Activities</guimenu> menu or type <command>gnome-system-monitor</command> at a shell prompt.
+ </para>
+ <figure id="fig-sysinfo-processes">
+ <title>System Monitor - Processes</title>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/system-monitor-processes.png" format="PNG" scalefit="0" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <para>
+ Processes tab of the gnome-system-monitor
+ </para>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+ <para>
+ The <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab of the <application>System Monitor</application> allows you to search for a process in the list of running processes. Using this application, you can also view all processes, your processes, or active processes.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> menu allows you to:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
<para>
- Processes tab of the gnome-system-monitor
+ stop a process,
</para>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </figure>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ continue running a stopped process,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ end a process,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ kill a process,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ change the priority of a selected process, and
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ edit the <application>System Monitor</application> preferences, such as the refresh interval for the list of processes, or what information to show.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ The <guimenu>View</guimenu> menu allows you to:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ view only active processes,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ view all processes,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ view your processes,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ view process dependencies,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ view a memory map of a selected process,
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ view the files opened by a selected process, and
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ refresh the list of processes.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ Note that to sort the information by a specific column, click the name of that column. By default, this sorts the information by the selected column in ascending order. Click the name of the column again to toggle the sort between ascending and descending order.
+ </para>
+ </section>
</section>
<section id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">
<title>Viewing Memory Usage</title>
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