[web] Updated the draft version of the Deployment Guide.
Jaromir Hradilek
jhradile at fedoraproject.org
Wed Oct 19 01:20:28 UTC 2011
commit 6b1e04fb3c279e255363743757939b100289a63f
Author: Jaromir Hradilek <jhradile at redhat.com>
Date: Wed Oct 19 03:18:00 2011 +0200
Updated the draft version of the Deployment Guide.
fedoradocs.db | Bin 611328 -> 611328 bytes
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public_html/hu-HU/opds.xml | 10 +-
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public_html/zh-TW/opds.xml | 10 +-
521 files changed, 3062 insertions(+), 2487 deletions(-)
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Binary files a/fedoradocs.db and b/fedoradocs.db differ
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<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bg-BG/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index 2cbdbfe..24b3f44 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 3cb9ae0..5802a71 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 7af3d17..e124117 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 47f96a0..c0da900 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml
index 3b277e5..7149a5f 100644
--- a/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/bn-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bn-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml
index e6e4566..af9c52f 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index b84a2d2..e57a1ce 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 8dd5c35..d9ac980 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 649b663..b181a90 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml b/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml
index be81c42..3c6d877 100644
--- a/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/bs-BA/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/bs-BA/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
index e94c36b..3db767b 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index fdb375f..93427a6 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 74611d0..e040565 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 3742eca..9ac309c 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml b/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml
index c9909a0..c16cecb 100644
--- a/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ca-ES/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ca-ES/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml
index a0d57ca..2b2667c 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 15c1aa3..f957e11 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index bc2c996..55d3146 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 0bce732..c726849 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml
index 8e12acf..d18b745 100644
--- a/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/cs-CZ/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/cs-CZ/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
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- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml
index 4b2895e..4340fea 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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index 8f6dc8e..0b660cf 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index d1785d2..baf00a1 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 565167c..1127a7b 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
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+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
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<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
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diff --git a/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml b/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml
index dfb298a..b34b9c9 100644
--- a/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/da-DK/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
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<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/da-DK/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
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<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml
index 50b9c3a..ceec4de 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:17</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 3cf70b0..ef24cc1 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:17</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 3bd3dfb..6ad0990 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index fccea66..caa14b6 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
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<name></name>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
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diff --git a/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml b/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml
index e4aeeeb..a0bb884 100644
--- a/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/de-DE/opds.xml
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<title>Product List</title>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:17</updated>
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<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
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<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
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<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
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index ca2bcd2..3152b7a 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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index a99e6b1..42e09f6 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index fefdfb8..1fd6a9c 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 845a5b2..4d83c7c 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/el-GR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
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<name></name>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
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diff --git a/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml b/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml
index 8545354..1a8bc66 100644
--- a/public_html/el-GR/opds.xml
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<title>Product List</title>
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<title>Fedora</title>
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@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
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- </script></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" id="id532809" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span class="productname">Fedora Draft Documentation</span> <span class="productnumber"></span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="id532809" class="title">Deployment G
uide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration and Administration of Fedora 16</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 16.0.1</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
+ </script></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" id="id638382" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span class="productname">Fedora Draft Documentation</span> <span class="productnumber"></span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="id638382" class="title">Deployment G
uide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration and Administration of Fedora 16</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 16.0.1</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><object data="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> </object></span>
- </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek at redhat.com">jhradilek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas at redhat.com">silas at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</
span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:mprpic at redhat.com">mprpic at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eva</span> <span class="surname">Kopalová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:ekopalova at redhat.com">ekopalova at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:eslobodo at redhat.com">eslobodo at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="
author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek at redhat.com">tcapek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar at redhat.com">pkovar at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:msvoboda at redhat.com"
>msvoboda at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="org
div">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr /><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="id438186" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
+ </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek at redhat.com">jhradilek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas at redhat.com">silas at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</
span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:mprpic at redhat.com">mprpic at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eva</span> <span class="surname">Kopalová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:ekopalova at redhat.com">ekopalova at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:eslobodo at redhat.com">eslobodo at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="
author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek at redhat.com">tcapek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar at redhat.com">pkovar at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:msvoboda at redhat.com"
>msvoboda at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="org
div">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr /><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="id589856" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
Copyright <span class="trademark"></span>© 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and others.
</div><div class="para">
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a>. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
</div></div></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div class="abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">Deployment Guide</em> documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration, and administration of Fedora 16. It is oriented towards system administrators with a basic understanding of the system.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#id498431">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Book_Organization">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id518472">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id1000506">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id481658">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id676917">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Feedback">4. Feedback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pref-Acknowledgments">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Basic_System_Configuration">I. Basic System Configu
ration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration">1. Language and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts">1.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration">2. Date and Time Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.1. Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.2.1. Configuring the Da
te and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.2. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></s
pan></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-grou
p-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Package_Management">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-yum">4. Yum</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Group
s">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum-Transaction_History">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Set
ting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#
sec-Plugin_Descriptions">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-PackageKit">5. PackageKit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt
><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Networking">III. Networking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">6. Network Interfa
ces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-
networkscripts-static-routes">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Infrastructure_Services">IV. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</
a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a hr
ef="#ch-Configuring_Authentication">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-S
SSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_Fi
le_Format">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. P
ort Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-useful-websites">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Servers">V. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">10. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#lease-database">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#id789642">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNS_Servers">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-features">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIN
D</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-daemons"
>15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl
></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-mod
el">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Monitoring_and_Automation">VI. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a>
</span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Syst
em_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><d
l><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-adding">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-f
iles-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt
><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-service">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-abrt">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-installation">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-running">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-cli">19.3.2. Using the Command Line
Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration">19.4. Configuring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-event_configuration_in_gui">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-abrt">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt
-centralized_crash_collection">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-crash_detection_test">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></s
pan></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-o
profile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.1
1. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration">VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information A
bout a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section">
<a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-kdump">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"
><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-processes">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-exit">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-RPM">A. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-using">A.2. Using RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-finding">A.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">A.2.4. Uninstalling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-freshening">A.2.5. Freshening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-querying">A.2.6. Querying</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-r
pm-verifying">A.2.7. Verifying</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">A.3. Checking a Package's Signature</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-keys-importing">A.3.1. Importing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-keys-checking">A.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-impressing">A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">A.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-installed-docs">A.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-useful-websites">A.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-related-books">A.5.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">
B. The X Window System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-server">B.1. The X Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-clients">B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">B.2.1. Desktop Environments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">B.2.2. Window Managers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-server-configuration">B.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">B.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">B.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">B.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</a></span></d
t></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-fonts">B.4. Fonts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">B.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-runlevels">B.5. Runlevels and X</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">B.5.1. Runlevel 3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">B.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-additional-resources">B.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-installed-documentation">B.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-useful-websites">B.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-The_sysconfig_Directory">C. The sysconfig Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1
-sysconfig-files">C.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">C.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-authconfig">C.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-autofs">C.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-clock">C.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">C.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-firewall">C.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-i18n">C.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-init">C.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">C.1.9. /etc/sy
sconfig/ip6tables-config </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-kybd">C.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-ldap">C.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-named">C.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-network">C.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-ntpd">C.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-quagga">C.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-radvd">C.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-samba">C.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-selinux">C.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-sendmail">C.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-spamd">C.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-squid">C.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-rcu">C.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-vncservers">C.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-xinetd">C.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">C.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">C.3.1. Installed Documentati
on</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-proc">D. The proc File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-virtual">D.1. A Virtual File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-viewing">D.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-change">D.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-topfiles">D.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-buddyinfo">D.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-cmdline">D.2.2. /proc/cmdline </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-cpuinfo">D.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-crypto">D.2.4. /proc/crypto </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s2-proc-devices">D.2.5. /proc/devices </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dma">D.2.6. /proc/dma </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-execdomains">D.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-fb">D.2.8. /proc/fb </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-filesystems">D.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-interrupts">D.2.10. /proc/interrupts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-iomem">D.2.11. /proc/iomem </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-ioports">D.2.12. /proc/ioports </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-kcore">D.2.13. /proc/kcore </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-kmsg">D.2.14. /proc/kmsg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-loadavg">D.2.15. /proc/loadavg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#s2-proc-locks">D.2.16. /proc/locks </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-mdstat">D.2.17. /proc/mdstat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-meminfo">D.2.18. /proc/meminfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-misc">D.2.19. /proc/misc </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-modules">D.2.20. /proc/modules </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-mounts">D.2.21. /proc/mounts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-mtrr">D.2.22. /proc/mtrr </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-partitions">D.2.23. /proc/partitions </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-slabinfo">D.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-stat">D.2.25. /proc/stat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-swaps">D.2.26. /proc/swaps </a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#s2-proc-sysrq-trigger">D.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-uptime">D.2.28. /proc/uptime </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-version">D.2.29. /proc/version </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-directories">D.3. Directories within /proc/</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-processdirs">D.3.1. Process Directories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-bus">D.3.2. /proc/bus/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-pci">D.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-driver">D.3.4. /proc/driver/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-fs">D.3.5. /proc/fs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-irq">D.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-net">D.3.7.
/proc/net/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-scsi">D.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-sys">D.3.9. /proc/sys/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-sysvipc">D.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-tty">D.3.11. /proc/tty/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-pid">D.3.12. /proc/<em class="replaceable"><code>PID</code></em>/ </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-sysctl">D.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-additional-resources">D.5. References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#app-Revision_History">E. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#id508277">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="id498431" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><di
v><div><h1 id="id498431" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#id758768">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Book_Organization">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id886796">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id1173909">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id861429">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id766333">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Preface-Feedback">4. Feedback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pref-Acknowledgments">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Basic_System_Configuration">I. Basic System Configu
ration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard">1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">2. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Confi
guration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time">2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Remov
ing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Package_Management">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-yum">4. Yum</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updat
ing Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">4.2.5. R
emoving Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum-Transaction_History">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Y
um Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-PackageKit">5. PackageKit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Upd
ate-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log<
/a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Networking">III. Networking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">6. Network Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ne
tworkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-static-routes">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Infrastructure_Services">IV. Infrastructure Services</a><
/span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. R
estarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_Authentication">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Auth
entication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><
span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="comma
nd">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-useful-websites">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Servers">V. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">1
0. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#lease-database">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id1005177">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span><
/dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNS_Servers">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-features">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New F
eatures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Se
ndmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentatio
n</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2
.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">15.3.4.
Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Monitoring_and_Automation">VI. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewin
g Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuri
ng">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-adding">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentatio
n</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-service">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1
. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-abrt">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-installation">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-running">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-cli">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration">19.4. Configuring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-event_configuration_in_gui">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-abrt">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collect
ion-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-crash_detection_test">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events
">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using
<code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration">VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-b
oot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloadi
ng_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-
resources-websites">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-kdump">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message B
uffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-processes">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-exit">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appe-Consistent_Network_De
vice_Naming">A. Consistent Network Device Naming</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Affected_Systems">A.1. Affected Systems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements">A.2. System Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling">A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes">A.4. Notes for Administrators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-RPM">B. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-design">B.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-using">B.2. Using RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-finding">B.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="s
ection"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">B.2.4. Uninstalling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-freshening">B.2.5. Freshening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-querying">B.2.6. Querying</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-verifying">B.2.7. Verifying</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">B.3. Checking a Package's Signature</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-keys-importing">B.3.1. Importing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-keys-checking">B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-impressing">B.4. Practical and Common Examples of R
PM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">B.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-installed-docs">B.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-useful-websites">B.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rpm-related-books">B.5.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">C. The X Window System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-server">C.1. The X Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-clients">C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">C.2.1. Desktop Environments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">C.2.2. Window Managers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class
="section"><a href="#s1-x-server-configuration">C.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">C.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">C.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">C.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-fonts">C.4. Fonts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">C.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-runlevels">C.5. Runlevels and X</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">C.5.1. Runlevel 3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">C.5.2. Runlevel 5</a
></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-x-additional-resources">C.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-installed-documentation">C.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-x-useful-websites">C.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-The_sysconfig_Directory">D. The sysconfig Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysconfig-files">D.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">D.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-authconfig">D.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-autofs">D.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-clock">D.1.4. /et
c/sysconfig/clock </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">D.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-firewall">D.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-i18n">D.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-init">D.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">D.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-kybd">D.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-ldap">D.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-named">D.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-network">D.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-ntpd">D.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-quagga">D.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-radvd">D.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-samba">D.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-selinux">D.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-sendmail">D.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-spamd">D.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-squid">D.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-rcu">D.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-vncservers">D
.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-xinetd">D.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">D.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">D.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ch-proc">E. The proc File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-virtual">E.1. A Virtual File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-viewing">E.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-change">E.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#s1-proc-topfiles">E.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-buddyinfo">E.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-cmdline">E.2.2. /proc/cmdline </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-cpuinfo">E.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-crypto">E.2.4. /proc/crypto </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-devices">E.2.5. /proc/devices </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dma">E.2.6. /proc/dma </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-execdomains">E.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-fb">E.2.8. /proc/fb </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-filesystems">E.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-inter
rupts">E.2.10. /proc/interrupts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-iomem">E.2.11. /proc/iomem </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-ioports">E.2.12. /proc/ioports </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-kcore">E.2.13. /proc/kcore </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-kmsg">E.2.14. /proc/kmsg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-loadavg">E.2.15. /proc/loadavg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-locks">E.2.16. /proc/locks </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-mdstat">E.2.17. /proc/mdstat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-meminfo">E.2.18. /proc/meminfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-misc">E.2.19. /proc/misc </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-modules">E.2.20. /proc/modules </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-mo
unts">E.2.21. /proc/mounts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-mtrr">E.2.22. /proc/mtrr </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-partitions">E.2.23. /proc/partitions </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-slabinfo">E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-stat">E.2.25. /proc/stat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-swaps">E.2.26. /proc/swaps </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-sysrq-trigger">E.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-uptime">E.2.28. /proc/uptime </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-version">E.2.29. /proc/version </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-directories">E.3. Directories within /proc/</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-processdirs">E.3.1. Process Directories</a
></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-bus">E.3.2. /proc/bus/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-pci">E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-driver">E.3.4. /proc/driver/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-fs">E.3.5. /proc/fs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-irq">E.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-net">E.3.7. /proc/net/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-scsi">E.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-sys">E.3.9. /proc/sys/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-dir-sysvipc">E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-tty">E.3.11. /proc/tty/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-proc-pid">E.3.12. /proc/<em class="replaceable
"><code>PID</code></em>/ </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-sysctl">E.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-proc-additional-resources">E.5. References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#app-Revision_History">F. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="#id703532">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="id758768" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="id758768" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">Deployment Guide</em> contains information on how to customize the Fedora 16 system to fit your needs. If you are looking for a comprehensive, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system, this is the manual for you.
</div><div class="para">
This manual discusses many intermediate topics such as the following:
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#part-Basic_System_Configuration">Part I, “Basic System Configuration”</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This part covers basic system administration tasks such as keyboard configuration, date and time configuration, and managing users and groups.
</div><div class="para">
- <a class="xref" href="#ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration">Chapter 1, <em>Language and Keyboard Configuration</em></a> covers basic language and keyboard setup. Read this chapter if you need to configure the language of your desktop, change the keyboard layout, or add the keyboard layout indicator to the panel.
+ <a class="xref" href="#ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard">Chapter 1, <em>Configuring the Language and Keyboard</em></a> covers basic language and keyboard setup. Read this chapter if you need to configure the language of your desktop, change the keyboard layout, or add the keyboard layout indicator to the panel.
</div><div class="para">
- <a class="xref" href="#ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration">Chapter 2, <em>Date and Time Configuration</em></a> covers the configuration of the system date and time. Read this chapter if you need to change the date and time setup, or configure the system to synchronize the clock with a remote Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
+ <a class="xref" href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">Chapter 2, <em>Configuring the Date and Time</em></a> covers the configuration of the system date and time. Read this chapter if you need to change the date and time setup, or configure the system to synchronize the clock with a remote Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Chapter 3, <em>Managing Users and Groups</em></a> covers the management of users and groups in a graphical user interface and on the command line. Read this chapter if you need to manage users and groups on your system, or enable password aging.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#part-Package_Management">Part II, “Package Management”</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
@@ -110,19 +110,21 @@
<a class="xref" href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">Chapter 22, <em>Working with Kernel Modules</em></a> explains how to display, query, load, and unload kernel modules and their dependencies, and how to set module parameters. Additionally, it covers specific kernel module capabilities such as using multiple Ethernet cards and using channel bonding. Read this chapter if you need to work with kernel modules.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#ch-kdump">Chapter 23, <em>The kdump Crash Recovery Service</em></a> explains how to configure, test, and use the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service in Fedora, and provides a brief overview of how to analyze the resulting core dump using the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> debugging utility. Read this chapter to learn how to enable <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> on your system.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-RPM">Appendix A, <em>RPM</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming">Appendix A, <em>Consistent Network Device Naming</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ This appendix covers consistent network device naming for network interfaces, a feature that changes the name of network interfaces on a system in order to make locating and differentiating the interfaces easier. Read this appendix to learn more about this feature and how to enable or disable it.
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-RPM">Appendix B, <em>RPM</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix concentrates on the RPM Package Manager (RPM), an open packaging system used by Fedora, and the use of the <code class="command">rpm</code> utility. Read this appendix if you need to use <code class="command">rpm</code> instead of <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">Appendix B, <em>The X Window System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">Appendix C, <em>The X Window System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix covers the configuration of the X Window System, the graphical environment used by Fedora. Read this appendix if you need to adjust the configuration of your X Window System.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-The_sysconfig_Directory">Appendix C, <em>The sysconfig Directory</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-The_sysconfig_Directory">Appendix D, <em>The sysconfig Directory</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix outlines some of the files and directories located in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory. Read this appendix if you want to learn more about these files and directories, their function, and their contents.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-proc">Appendix D, <em>The proc File System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="#ch-proc">Appendix E, <em>The proc File System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix explains the concept of a virtual file system, and describes some of the top-level files and directories within the <code class="systemitem">proc</code> file system (that is, the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory). Read this appendix if you want to learn more about this file system.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id518472">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id886796">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id1000506">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id1173909">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@
Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the first use of a new and important term. For example:
</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
Publican is a <em class="firstterm">DocBook</em> publishing system.
- </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id481658">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id861429">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
System.<span class="perl_Function">out</span>.<span class="perl_Function">println</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Echo.echo('Hello') = "</span> + echo.<span class="perl_Function">echo</span>(<span class="perl_String">"Hello"</span>));
}
-}</pre></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id676917">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id766333">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
Important boxes detail things that are easily missed: configuration changes that only apply to the current session, or services that need restarting before an update will apply. Ignoring a box labeled 'Important' will not cause data loss but may cause irritation and frustration.
</div></div></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Warnings should not be ignored. Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Preface-Feedback" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Preface-Feedback">4. Feedback</h2></div></div></div><a id="id699373" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Preface-Feedback" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Preface-Feedback">4. Feedback</h2></div></div></div><a id="id743178" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in <a href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/">Bugzilla</a> against the product <span class="application"><strong>Fedora Documentation</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
When submitting a bug report, be sure to provide the following information:
@@ -219,100 +221,107 @@ books_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs</pre><div cla
<a class="xref" href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">Section 16.5, “Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP”</a> is based on an article written by Michael Solberg.
</div><div class="para">
The authors of this book would like to thank the following people for their valuable contributions: Adam Tkáč, Andrew Fitzsimon, Andrius Benokraitis, Brian Cleary Edward Bailey, Garrett LeSage, Jeffrey Fearn, Joe Orton, Joshua Wulf, Karsten Wade, Lucy Ringland, Marcela Mašláňová, Mark Johnson, Michael Behm, Miroslav Lichvár, Radek Vokál, Rahul Kavalapara, Rahul Sundaram, Sandra Moore, Zbyšek Mráz, Jan Včelák, Peter Hutterer and James Antill, among many others.
- </div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id815622"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id685370"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers basic system administration tasks such as keyboard configuration, date and time configuration, and managing users and groups.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration">1. Language and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts">1.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration">2. Date and Time Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.1. Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration
-Date_and_Time">2.2.1. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.2. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-
utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directori
es</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Language and Keyboard Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts">1.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
- This chapter describes how to change the language of your desktop, configure the keyboard layout, and allow a user to switch between different keyboard layouts using the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> configuration tool.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1107047" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id430068" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To configure the language of your desktop, open the <span class="application"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> dialog window by selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span>, and select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> tab. You will be presented with a list of available languages.
- </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-language.png" alt="Changing the language" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard">1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time">2. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and
_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time">2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Document
ation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Mana
ging_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a Ne
w User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</h2></div></div></div><div class="
toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> configuration tool, which allows you to configure keyboard layouts, the language of your desktop environment, and other regional settings. To start the tool, open the <span class="application"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> window by selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span>.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</h2></div></div></div><a id="id904514" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id559054" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To configure the language of your desktop, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a short list of common languages.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-language.png" alt="Changing the language" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Changing the language
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.1. Changing the language</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- To choose a particular language, select it from the list and either close the window, or click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>All Settings</strong></span> button in the upper-left corner of the window to return to the <span class="application"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> window. The changes will take effect the next time you log in to your system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts">1.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1347778" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id520976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- Although the installation program allows a system administrator to configure a keyboard layout during the system installation, the default settings may not always suit your current needs. To add a new keyboard layout, open the <span class="application"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> window by selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> icon, and select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Layouts</strong></span> tab.
- </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts.png" alt="Changing the keyboard layout" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ By default, this list only contains a few of the available languages. To add another language, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to select the desired language. The input field at the bottom part of the dialog window allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by first few letters part of the language name in it (for example, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for the Slovak language). Once you select a language, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Select</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-language-add.png" alt="Adding another language" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Adding a language
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.2. Adding another language</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ To choose a particular language from the list, click its name to select it. The changes will take effect the next time you log in to the system.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</h2></div></div></div><a id="id965316" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the default date, time, number, and currency format, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Formats</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a short list of available formats.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-formats.png" alt="Changing the date, time, and numeric format" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Changing the date, time, and numeric format
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.3. Changing the date, time, and numeric format</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ By default, this list only contains a few of the available formats. To add another format, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to select the desired format according to a region. The input field at the bottom part of the dialog window allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by typing first few letters of the region name in it (for example, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for Slovakia). Once you select a region, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Select</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-formats-add.png" alt="Adding a format" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Adding a format
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.4. Adding a format</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ To choose a particular format from the list, click its name to select it. The changes will take effect the next time you log in to the system.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="id758204" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id758218" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Although the installation program allows a system administrator to configure a keyboard layout during the system installation, the default settings may not always suit your current needs. To change the default keyboard layout, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Layouts</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a list of currently enabled layouts.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts.png" alt="Changing the keyboard layout" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Changing the keyboard layout
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.2. Changing the keyboard layout</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- The left part of the window provides a list of currently enabled layouts, while the right part allows you to choose whether to use the same keyboard layout for all windows, or if you prefer to use a different layout for each window.
- </div><div class="para">
- To add a keyboard layout, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (that is, the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog box will appear, allowing you to select the desired layout. The input field in the bottom part of the dialog box allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by typing part of the layout name (such as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for Slovak layouts) in it. Once you are done, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
- </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts-add.png" alt="Adding a keyboard layout" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.5. Changing the keyboard layout</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ To add a layout to the list, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to select the desired keyboard layout. The input field at the bottom part of the dialog window allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by typing first few letters of the layout name in it (for example, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for a Slovak layout). Once you select a layout, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts-add.png" alt="Adding a keyboard layout" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Adding a keyboard layout
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.3. Adding a keyboard layout</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- To remove a keyboard layout, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> (that is, the minus sign) button below the list.
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.6. Adding a keyboard layout</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ The first layout in the list is always considered the default. To move a particular layout up or down in the list, select it and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>∧</strong></span> (the upwards arrow) or <span class="guibutton"><strong>∨</strong></span> (the downwards arrow) buttons respectively. To remove a layout, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> (that is, the minus sign) button. Additionally, by selecting an option button on the right side of the window, you can choose if you want to use different keyboard layouts for individual windows, or a single layout for all windows.
</div><div class="para">
- When more than one layout is enabled, a keyboard indicator appears on the panel in order to allow you to switch between the layouts, and the first layout in the list is considered the default. To move a particular layout up or down in the list, select it from the list and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>↑</strong></span> (the upwards arrow) or <span class="guibutton"><strong>↓</strong></span> (the downwards arrow) buttons respectively.
+ When more than one layout is enabled, a keyboard indicator appears on the panel in order to allow you to switch between the layouts.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-keyboard-layouts-indicator"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts-indicator.png" alt="The keyboard layout indicator" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
The keyboard layout indicator
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.4. The keyboard layout indicator</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- The changes take effect immediately.
- </div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. Date and Time Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.1. Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.2.1. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.2. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional
Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.7. The keyboard layout indicator</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1062338" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To view the current configuration, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>System</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a comparison of your own configuration and system-wide settings.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-system.png" alt="Viewing the current configuration" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Viewing the current configuration
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.8. Viewing the current configuration</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time">2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect
-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
This chapter covers setting the system date and time in Fedora, both manually and using the Network Time Protocol (<abbr class="abbrev">NTP</abbr>), as well as setting the adequate time zone. Two methods are covered: setting the date and time using the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool, and doing so on the command line.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.1. Date and Time Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
- The <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool allows a user to change the system date and time, to configure the time zone used by the system, and to set up the Network Time Protocol daemon to synchronize the system clock with a time server.
- </div><div class="para">
- To start the tool, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> icon, or click the time in the panel and select <span class="guibutton"><strong>Date and Time Settings</strong></span> from the drop-down menu.
- </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Time"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/date-and-time-panel.png" alt="Running the Date and Time configuration tool" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
- Running the Date and Time configuration tool
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 2.1. Running the Date and Time configuration tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- By default, the tool only allows you to review the current settings. This is because only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to set the system date and time. To unlock the configuration tool for changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the bottom-left corner of the window, and provide the root password when prompted.
- </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/date-and-time-settings.png" alt="The Date and Time configuration tool" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool, which allows you to change the date and time of the system, to configure the time zone used by the system, and to set up the Network Time Protocol daemon to synchronize the system clock with a time server. To start the tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> icon, or click the time in the panel and select <span class="guibutton"><strong>Date and Time Settings</strong></span> from the drop-down menu.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/date-and-time-settings.png" alt="The Date and Time configuration tool" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
The Date and Time configuration tool
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 2.2. The Date and Time configuration tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- As you can see in <a class="xref" href="#fig-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Figure 2.2, “The Date and Time configuration tool”</a>, the main window of the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool is divided into two parts: while the left side of the window is dedicated to the time zone settings, the right part allows you to configure the date and time itself.
- </div><a id="id1329550" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1329564" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To change the time zone, click on the map, or select the region and city from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Region</strong></span> and <span class="guilabel"><strong>City</strong></span> drop-down lists.
- </div><a id="id577936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577950" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To change the current time of your system, either configure the system to synchronize it over the network by clicking the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Time</strong></span> switch, or set it manually by clicking the up and down arrows above and below the numbers. Use the <span class="guilabel"><strong>24-Hour Time</strong></span> switch to enable or disable the 24-hour time format.
- </div><a id="id445838" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id445851" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 2.1. The Date and Time configuration tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ By default, the tool only allows you to review the current settings. This is because only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to set the system date and time. To unlock the configuration tool for changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the top-right corner of the window, and provide the correct password when prompted.
+ </div><a id="id577670" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id945161" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the current time of your system, either configure the system to synchronize it over the network by clicking the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Time</strong></span> switch, or set it manually by clicking the up and down arrows above and below the numbers. You can also select <span class="guilabel"><strong>24-hour</strong></span> or <span class="guilabel"><strong>AM/PM</strong></span> to enable or disable the 24-hour time format.
+ </div><a id="id1135605" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1135618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the time zone, either click on the map, or select the region and city from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Region</strong></span> and <span class="guilabel"><strong>City</strong></span> drop-down lists.
+ </div><a id="id814713" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id814726" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To change the current date of your system, select a month from the drop-down list below the time, and use the up and down arrows to choose the day and year.
</div><div class="para">
The changes take effect immediately.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Command Line Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
- In case your system does not have the <span class="application"><strong>Date/Time Properties</strong></span> tool installed, or the <span class="emphasis"><em>X Window Server</em></span> is not running, you can change the system date and time on the command line. Note that in order to perform actions described in this section, you have to be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.2.1. Configuring the Date and Time</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1352503" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1352511" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- The <code class="command">date</code> command allows the superuser to set the system date and time manually:
- </div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
- To change the current date, type the command in the following form at a shell prompt, replacing the <em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY</code></em> with a four-digit year, <em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em> with a two-digit month, and <em class="replaceable"><code>DD</code></em> with a two-digit day of the month:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%D -s <em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY-MM-DD</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
- For example, to set the date to 2 June 2010, type:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">date +%D -s 2010-06-02</code></pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- To change the current date, use the following command, where <em class="replaceable"><code>HH</code></em> stands for an hour, <em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em> is a minute, and <em class="replaceable"><code>SS</code></em> is a second, all typed in a two-digit form:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%T -s <em class="replaceable"><code>HH:MM:SS</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
- If your system clock is set to use <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym> (Coordinated Universal Time), add the following option:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%T -s <em class="replaceable"><code>HH:MM:SS</code></em> -u</code></pre><div class="para">
- For instance, to set the system clock to 11:26 PM using the <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym>, type:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">date +%T -s 23:26:00 -u</code></pre></li></ol></div><div class="para">
- You can check your current settings by typing <code class="command">date</code> without any additional argument, for example:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">date</code>
-Wed Jun 2 11:58:48 CEST 2010</pre></div><div class="section" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.2. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id576783" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id960776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id960784" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id960797" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 provides command line tools that allow you to configure the date and time both manually and using the NTP protocol.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1368112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1368120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the system date, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%D -s <em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY-MM-DD</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ …where <em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY</code></em> is a four-digit year, <em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em> is a two-digit month, and <em class="replaceable"><code>DD</code></em> is a two-digit day of the month. For example, to change the date to 2 June 2010, type:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">date +%D -s 2010-06-02</code></pre><div class="para">
+ You can verify the current settings by running <code class="command">date</code> without any additional argument.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time">2.2.2. Changing the Time</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ To change the current time, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%T -s <em class="replaceable"><code>HH:MM:SS</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ …where <em class="replaceable"><code>HH</code></em> stands for an hour, <em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em> is a minute, and <em class="replaceable"><code>SS</code></em> is a second, all typed in a two-digit form. If your system clock is set to use <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym> (Coordinated Universal Time), also add the following option:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%T -s <em class="replaceable"><code>HH:MM:SS</code></em> -u</code></pre><div class="para">
+ For instance, to set the system clock to 11:26 PM using the <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym>, type:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">date +%T -s 23:26:00 -u</code></pre><div class="para">
+ You can verify the current settings by running <code class="command">date</code> without any additional argument.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id647098" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1050907" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1050915" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1050928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As opposed to the manual setup described above, you can also synchronize the system clock with a remote server over the Network Time Protocol (<acronym class="acronym">NTP</acronym>). For the one-time synchronization only, use the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> command:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Check whether the selected NTP server is accessible by using the <code class="command">ntpdate</code> command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ntpdate -q <em class="replaceable"><code>server_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For example, to connect to <code class="systemitem">0.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>, type:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ntpdate -q 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ntpdate -q 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>
server 204.15.208.61, stratum 2, offset -39.275438, delay 0.16083
server 69.65.40.29, stratum 2, offset -39.269122, delay 0.17191
server 148.167.132.201, stratum 2, offset -39.270239, delay 0.20482
-23 May 01:05:54 ntpdate[10619]: step time server 204.15.208.61 offset -39.275438 sec</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- When you find a satisfactory server, run the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> command followed with one or more server addresses:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ntpdate <em class="replaceable"><code>server_address...</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+17 Oct 17:41:09 ntpdate[10619]: step time server 204.15.208.61 offset -39.275438 sec</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ When you find a satisfactory server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, run the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> command followed with one or more server addresses:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ntpdate <em class="replaceable"><code>server_address…</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For instance:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ntpdate 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org 1.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>
-23 May 01:07:13 ntpdate[10669]: step time server 204.15.208.61 offset -39.275436 sec</pre><div class="para">
- Unless an error message is displayed, the system time should now be set. You can check the current by setting typing <code class="command">date</code> without any additional arguments as shown in <a class="xref" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Section 2.2.1, “Configuring the Date and Time”</a>.
+17 Oct 17:42:13 ntpdate[10669]: step time server 204.15.208.61 offset -39.275436 sec</pre><div class="para">
+ Unless an error message is displayed, the system time is now set. You can verify the current time by running the <code class="command">date</code> command with no additional arguments.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- In most cases, these steps are sufficient. Only if you really need one or more system services to always use the correct time, enable running the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> at boot time:
+ In most cases, these steps are sufficient. Only if you really need one or more system services to always use the correct time, enable running the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> at boot time by running the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable ntpdate.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information about system services and their setup, refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If the synchronization with the time server at boot time keeps failing, that is, you find a relevant error message in the <code class="filename">/var/log/boot.log</code> system log, try to add the following line to <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">NETWORKWAIT=1</pre></div></div></li></ol></div><a id="id591924" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1060619" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1060627" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1060640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">NETWORKWAIT=1</pre></div></div></li></ol></div><a id="id561295" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561307" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561315" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561329" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
However, the more convenient way is to set the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> daemon to synchronize the time at boot time automatically:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
- Open the NTP configuration file <code class="filename">/etc/ntp.conf</code> in a text editor, creating a new one if it does not already exist.
+ As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, open the NTP configuration file <code class="filename">/etc/ntp.conf</code> in a text editor, creating a new one if it does not already exist.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Add or edit the list of public NTP servers. If you are using Fedora 16, the file should already contain the following lines, but feel free to change or expand these according to your needs:
</div><pre class="screen">server 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org iburst
@@ -328,15 +337,15 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Save the changes, exit the editor, and restart the NTP daemon:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart ntpd.service</code></pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Additionally, make sure that <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon is started at boot time:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable ntpd.service</code></pre></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable ntpd.service</code></pre></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
For more information about the date and time configuration, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="literal">date</code>(1) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>date</strong></span> utility.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="literal">ntpdate</code>(8) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> utility.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="literal">ntpd</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> service.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-
Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id690152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id630596" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id761853" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id447062" class="inde
xterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-
Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-users-logout">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id644054" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1031805" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id912567" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id662335" class="ind
exterm"></a><div class="para">
The control of users and groups is a core element of Fedora system administration. This chapter explains how to add, manage, and delete users and groups in the graphical user interface and on the command line, and covers advanced topics, such as enabling password aging or creating group directories.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
While users can be either people (meaning accounts tied to physical users) or accounts which exist for specific applications to use, groups are logical expressions of organization, tying users together for a common purpose. Users within a group can read, write, or execute files owned by that group.
@@ -344,13 +353,13 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Each user is associated with a unique numerical identification number called a <em class="firstterm">user ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">UID</acronym>). Likewise, each group is associated with a <em class="firstterm">group ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">GID</acronym>). A user who creates a file is also the owner and group owner of that file. The file is assigned separate read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and everyone else. The file owner can be changed only by <code class="systemitem">root</code>, and access permissions can be changed by both the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user and file owner.
</div><div class="para">
Additionally, Fedora supports <em class="firstterm">access control lists</em> (<acronym class="acronym">ACLs</acronym>) for files and directories which allow permissions for specific users outside of the owner to be set. Refer to For more information about this feature, refer to the <a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/ch-acls.html"><em class="citetitle">Access Control Lists</em></a> chapter of the <a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/index.html"><em class="citetitle">Storage Administration Guide</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id639633" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id475266" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id475278" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id887838" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id557366" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1070173" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1070185" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id843279" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora uses a <em class="firstterm">user private group</em> (<em class="firstterm">UPG</em>) scheme, which makes UNIX groups easier to manage. A user private group is created whenever a new user is added to the system. It has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the user private group.
</div><div class="para">
User private groups make it safe to set default permissions for a newly created file or directory, allowing both the user and <span class="emphasis"><em>the group of that user</em></span> to make modifications to the file or directory.
</div><div class="para">
The setting which determines what permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is called a <em class="firstterm">umask</em> and is configured in the <code class="filename">/etc/bashrc</code> file. Traditionally on UNIX systems, the <code class="command">umask</code> is set to <code class="command">022</code>, which allows only the user who created the file or directory to make modifications. Under this scheme, all other users, <span class="emphasis"><em>including members of the creator's group</em></span>, are not allowed to make any modifications. However, under the UPG scheme, this <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">group protection</span>”</span> is not necessary since every user has their own private group.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="id949938" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id873351" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="id621356" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id508735" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Especially in environments with multiple users, it is very important to use <em class="firstterm">shadow passwords</em> provided by the <span class="package">shadow-utils</span> package to enhance the security of system authentication files. For this reason, the installation program enables shadow passwords by default.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a list of the advantages shadow passwords have over the traditional way of storing passwords on UNIX-based systems:
@@ -370,57 +379,55 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
The <code class="command">usermod</code> command with the <code class="option">-e</code> or <code class="option">-f</code> option.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="command">useradd</code> command with the <code class="option">-e</code> or <code class="option">-f</code> option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id506800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506812" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- The <span class="application"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> configuration tool allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users. To run the utility, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenu"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> icon, or click your name on the panel and choose <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>My Account</strong></span> from the drop-down menu.
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id626390" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626402" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700328" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The <span class="application"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> configuration tool allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users. To run the tool, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenu"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> icon.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts.png" alt="The User Accounts configuration tool" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
The User Accounts configuration tool
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.1. The User Accounts configuration tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- The main window of the <span class="application"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> configuration tool is divided into two parts: The left side of the window contains a list of available user accounts. The right side provides details on a particular account.
- </div><div class="para">
- By default, the tool only allows you to change certain settings regarding your account. This is because only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to configure users and groups. To unlock the configuration tool for all kinds of changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the bottom-left corner of the window, and provide the root password when prompted.
+ By default, the tool only allows you to change certain settings regarding your account. This is because only the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user is allowed to configure users and groups. To unlock the configuration tool for all kinds of changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the top-right corner of the window, and provide the correct password when prompted.
</div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
- To change the image associated with an account, click the icon next to the account name and either select a picture from the drop-down list, or click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Browse for more pictures...</strong></span> to use an image from your local drive.
+ To change the image associated with an account, click the icon next to the account name and either select a picture from the pulldown list, or click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Browse for more pictures...</strong></span> to use an image from your local drive.
</div><div class="para">
To change the name associated with an account, click the name next to the icon to edit it.
</div><div class="para">
- To change the account type, use the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> drop-down list. However, this change requires the configuration tool to be unlocked even if it is your account.
+ To change the account type, click the text next to the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> label. Note that this change requires the configuration tool to be unlocked even if you are changing your own account.
</div><div class="para">
- To change the default language for an account, click the button next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> label, and select the desired language from the list.
+ To change the default language for an account, click the text next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> label and select a language from the list.
</div><div class="para">
- To change the password, click the button next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Password</strong></span> label. A dialog box will appear, allowing you to set the new password. Note that the current password must be provided in order to confirm the change. Once done, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Change</strong></span> button to save the change.
+ To change the password, click the field next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Password</strong></span> label. A dialog box appears, allowing you to set the new password. Note that the current password must be provided in order to confirm the change. Once done, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Change</strong></span> button to save the change.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Changing_Password"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts-password-change.png" alt="Changing the password" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Changing the password
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.2. Changing the password</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Password security advice</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is advisable to use a much longer password, as this makes it more difficult for an intruder to guess it and access the account without permission. It is also recommended that the password not be based on a dictionary term: use a combination of letters, numbers and special characters.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, to set up automatic login for a particular account, enable the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Automatic Login</strong></span> switch. The configuration tool must be unlocked to make this change.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id576944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To add a new user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> button (that is, the plus sign) below the account list. A dialog box as shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_an_Account">Figure 3.3, “Creating a new account”</a> will appear.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id767717" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To add a new user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> button (that is, the plus sign) below the account list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to supply user details.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_an_Account"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts-create.png" alt="Creating a new account" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Creating a new account
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.3. Creating a new account</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- Take the followign steps to create an account:
+ Take the following steps to create an account:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
- Select an account type from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> drop-down list. Available account types are <code class="option">Administrator</code> and <code class="option">Standard</code> (the default option).
+ Select an account type from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> pulldown list. Available account types are <code class="option">Administrator</code> and <code class="option">Standard</code> (the default option).
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Fill in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Full name</strong></span> input field to set the name associated with the account. This name will be used by the login manager, and will be displayed on the panel.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- Either select a suggested username from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Username</strong></span> drop-down list, or fill in the corresponding input field.
+ Either select a suggested username from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Username</strong></span> pulldown list, or fill in the corresponding input field.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Create</strong></span> button to confirm the settings.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
Fedora uses a <em class="firstterm">user private group</em> (UPG) scheme. The UPG scheme does not add or change anything in the standard UNIX way of handling groups; it offers a new convention. Whenever you create a new user, a unique group with the same name as the user is created.
</div><div class="para">
When a new account is created, default configuration files are copied from the <code class="filename">/etc/skel/</code> directory into the new home directory.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id477429" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To remove a user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, select the desired account from the account list, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> button (that is, the minus sign) below the account list. A dialog box as shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_an_Account">Figure 3.4, “Removing an account”</a> will appear.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1054121" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To remove a user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, select the desired account from the account list, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> button (that is, the minus sign) below the account list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to confirm or cancel the change.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_an_Account"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts-remove.png" alt="Removing an account" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Removing an account
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.4. Removing an account</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
To delete files and directories that belong to the user (that is, the home directory, mail spool, and temporary files), click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Delete Files</strong></span> button. To keep these files intact and only delete the user account, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Keep Files</strong></span>. To abort the deletion, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Cancel</strong></span>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id776115" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id776127" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id776139" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614468" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614480" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614492" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id874911" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874923" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874935" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874948" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id594771" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id594783" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> application allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users and groups in the graphical user interface. To start the application, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Users and Groups</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">system-config-users</code> at a shell prompt. Note that unless you have superuser privileges, the application will prompt you to authenticate as <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id808680" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id719714" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id811340" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id811352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main window of the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> is divided into two tabs: The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Users</strong></span> tab provides a list of local users along with additional information about their user ID, primary group, home directory, login shell, and full name. The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Groups</strong></span> tab provides a list of local groups with information about their group ID and group members.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Users_Groups-User_Manager"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager.png" alt="Viewing users and groups" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Viewing users and groups
@@ -428,7 +435,7 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
To find a specific user or group, type the first few letters of the name in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Search filter</strong></span> field and either press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span>, or click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply filter</strong></span> button. You can also sort the items according to any of the available columns by clicking the column header.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora reserves user and group IDs below 1000 for system users and groups. By default, the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> does not display the system users. To view all users and groups, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Edit</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Preferences</strong></span> to open the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Preferences</strong></span> dialog box, and clear the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Hide system users and groups</strong></span> check box.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id757272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id937626" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add User</strong></span> button. A window as shown in <a class="xref" href="#user-new-fig">Figure 3.6, “Adding a new user”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="user-new-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-add-user.png" alt="Adding a new user" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Adding a new user
@@ -446,19 +453,19 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
To specify a user ID for the user, select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Specify user ID manually</strong></span>. If the option is not selected, the next available user ID above 1000 is assigned to the new user. Because Fedora reserves user IDs below 1000 for system users, it is not advisable to manually assign user IDs 1–999.
</div><div class="para">
Clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>OK</strong></span> button creates the new user. To configure more advanced user properties, such as password expiration, modify the user's properties after adding the user.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1358189" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id946611" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user group, select <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add Group</strong></span> from the toolbar. A window similar to <a class="xref" href="#group-new-fig">Figure 3.7, “New Group”</a> appears. Type the name of the new group. To specify a group ID for the new group, select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Specify group ID manually</strong></span> and select the GID. Note that Fedora also reserves group IDs lower than 1000 for system groups.
</div><div class="figure" id="group-new-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-add-group.png" alt="New Group" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Creating a new group
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.7. New Group</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>OK</strong></span> to create the group. The new group appears in the group list.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id563761" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id563773" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id547773" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id547785" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view the properties of an existing user, click on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Users</strong></span> tab, select the user from the user list, and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the menu (or choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the pulldown menu). A window similar to <a class="xref" href="#user-properties-fig">Figure 3.8, “User Properties”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="user-properties-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-edit-user.png" alt="User Properties" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Modifying user properties
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.8. User Properties</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>User Properties</strong></span> window is divided into multiple tabbed pages:
- </div><a id="id500630" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500642" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500654" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500666" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id611814" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id611826" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id611838" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id611850" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>User Data</strong></span> — Shows the basic user information configured when you added the user. Use this tab to change the user's full name, password, home directory, or login shell.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Account Info</strong></span> — Select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable account expiration</strong></span> if you want the account to expire on a certain date. Enter the date in the provided fields. Select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Local password is locked</strong></span> to lock the user account and prevent the user from logging into the system.
@@ -466,13 +473,13 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Password Info</strong></span> — Displays the date that the user's password last changed. To force the user to change passwords after a certain number of days, select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable password expiration</strong></span> and enter a desired value in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Days before change required:</strong></span> field. The number of days before the user's password expires, the number of days before the user is warned to change passwords, and days before the account becomes inactive can also be changed.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Groups</strong></span> — Allows you to view and configure the Primary Group of the user, as well as other groups that you want the user to be a member of.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1425398" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1031126" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view the properties of an existing group, select the group from the group list and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the menu (or choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the pulldown menu). A window similar to <a class="xref" href="#group-properties-fig">Figure 3.9, “Group Properties”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="group-properties-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-edit-group.png" alt="Group Properties" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Modifying group properties
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.9. Group Properties</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id761705" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.9. Group Properties</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id620965" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Group Users</strong></span> tab displays which users are members of the group. Use this tab to add or remove users from the group. Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>OK</strong></span> to save your changes.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id761741" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686847" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686882" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id621000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id764696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id764713" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id764730" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The easiest say to manage users and groups on Fedora is to use the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> application as described in <a class="xref" href="#s1-users-configui">Section 3.3, “Using the User Manager Tool”</a>. However, if you prefer command line tools or do not have the X Window System installed, you can use command line utilities that are listed in <a class="xref" href="#table-users-tools">Table 3.1, “Command line utilities for managing users and groups”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-users-tools"><h6>Table 3.1. Command line utilities for managing users and groups</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Command line utilities for managing users and groups" border="1"><colgroup><col width="35%" class="utilities" /><col width="65%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Utilities
@@ -498,11 +505,11 @@ restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
<code class="command">pwconv</code>, <code class="command">pwunconv</code>
</td><td>
Utilities that can be used for the conversion of passwords to shadow passwords, or back from shadow passwords to standard passwords.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id794042" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id794056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id794068" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id580551" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580565" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580577" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user to the system, typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">useradd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-useradd-options">Table 3.2, “useradd command line options”</a>.
- </div><a id="id492441" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id595873" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">useradd</code> command creates a locked user account. To unlock the account, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to assign a password:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">passwd</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Optionally, you can set password aging policy. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Section 3.4.3, “Enabling Password Aging”</a> for information on how to enable password aging.
@@ -634,7 +641,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Mar 3 18:23 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 2 juan juan 4096 Jul 14 2010 .gnome2
drwxr-xr-x. 4 juan juan 4096 Nov 23 15:09 .mozilla</pre></li></ol></div><div class="para">
At this point, a locked account called <code class="systemitem">juan</code> exists on the system. To activate it, the administrator must next assign a password to the account using the <code class="command">passwd</code> command and, optionally, set password aging guidelines.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id712163" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id522709" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id513958" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id513971" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new group to the system, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">groupadd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>group_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-groupadd-options">Table 3.3, “groupadd command line options”</a>.
@@ -666,11 +673,11 @@ drwxr-xr-x. 4 juan juan 4096 Nov 23 15:09 .mozilla</pre></li></ol></div><div cla
<code class="option">-r</code>
</td><td>
Create a system group with a GID less than 1000.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="id693989" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id694001" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1110262" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1110270" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1110284" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="id796538" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id726903" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id726915" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id726923" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id726937" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can either be done when adding or editing a user on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Password Info</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> application, or by using the <code class="command">chage</code> command.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Shadow passwords must be enabled to use chage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Shadow passwords must be enabled to use the <code class="command">chage</code> command. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Section 3.1.2, “Shadow Passwords”</a>.
- </div></div></div><a id="id484814" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id796588" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">chage</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-chage-options">Table 3.4, “chage command line options”</a>. When the <code class="command">chage</code> command is followed directly by a username (that is, when no command line options are specified), it displays the current password aging values and allows you to change them interactively.
@@ -752,7 +759,7 @@ autodetach off</pre><div class="para">
This way, a password will be required to unlock the session.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
The changes take effect the next time a user logs in to the system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1063895" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1063907" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id722821" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722833" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System administrators usually like to create a group for each major project and assign people to the group when they need to access that project's files. With this traditional scheme, file managing is difficult; when someone creates a file, it is associated with the primary group to which they belong. When a single person works on multiple projects, it becomes difficult to associate the right files with the right group. However, with the UPG scheme, groups are automatically assigned to files created within a directory with the <em class="firstterm">setgid</em> bit set. The setgid bit makes managing group projects that share a common directory very simple because any files a user creates within the directory are owned by the group which owns the directory.
</div><div class="para">
For example, a group of people need to work on files in the <code class="filename">/opt/myproject/</code> directory. Some people are trusted to modify the contents of this directory, but not everyone.
@@ -768,9 +775,9 @@ autodetach off</pre><div class="para">
At this point, all members of the <code class="systemitem">myproject</code> group can create and edit files in the <code class="filename">/opt/myproject/</code> directory without the administrator having to change file permissions every time users write new files. To verify that the permissions have been set correctly, run the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ls -l /opt</code>
total 4
-drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 myproject</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id717692" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id717704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 myproject</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id651692" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id951658" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Refer to the following resources for more information about managing users and groups.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id603867" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603883" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id951684" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id951700" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For information about various utilities for managing users and groups, refer to the following manual pages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="bold bold"><strong>chage</strong></span>(1) — A command to modify password aging policies and account expiration.
@@ -804,19 +811,19 @@ drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 myproject</pre></div></div><div c
<span class="bold bold"><strong>passwd</strong></span>(5) — The file containing user information for the system.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="bold bold"><strong>shadow</strong></span>(5) — The file containing passwords and account expiration information for the system.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id840917"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id778376"><div></div><div class="para">
All software on a Fedora system is divided into RPM packages, which can be installed, upgraded, or removed. This part describes how to manage packages on Fedora using both <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> and the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> suite of graphical package management tools.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-yum">4. Yum</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum-Transaction_History">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Confi
guration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-PackageKit">5. PackageKit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><sp
an class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></
dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-yum" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 4. Yum</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><
a href="#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum-Transaction_History">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="
#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> is the The Fedora Project package manager that is able to query for information about packages, fetch packages from repositories, install and uninstall packages using automatic dependency resolution, and update an entire system to the latest available packages. Yum performs automatic dependency resolution on packages you are updating, installing or removing, and thus is able to automatically determine, fetch and install all available dependent packages. Yum can be configured with new, additional repositories, or <em class="firstterm">package sources</em>, and also provides many plug-ins which enhance and extend its capabilities. Yum is able to perform many of the same tasks that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> can; additionally, many of the command line options are similar. Yum enables easy and simple package management on a single machine or on groups of them.
</div><div class="important" id="important-Secure_Package_Management_with_GPG-Signed_Packages"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Secure package management with GPG-signed packages</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Yum provides secure package management by enabling GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard; also known as GnuPG) signature verification on GPG-signed packages to be turned on for all package repositories (i.e. package sources), or for individual repositories. When signature verification is enabled, Yum will refuse to install any packages not GPG-signed with the correct key for that repository. This means that you can trust that the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages you download and install on your system are from a trusted source, such as The Fedora Project, and were not modified during transfer. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">Section 4.3, “Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories”</a> for details on enabling signature-checking with Yum, or <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section A.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for information on working with and verifying GPG-signed <span class="application">
<strong>RPM</strong></span> packages in general.
+ Yum provides secure package management by enabling GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard; also known as GnuPG) signature verification on GPG-signed packages to be turned on for all package repositories (i.e. package sources), or for individual repositories. When signature verification is enabled, Yum will refuse to install any packages not GPG-signed with the correct key for that repository. This means that you can trust that the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages you download and install on your system are from a trusted source, such as The Fedora Project, and were not modified during transfer. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">Section 4.3, “Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories”</a> for details on enabling signature-checking with Yum, or <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section B.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for information on working with and verifying GPG-signed <span class="application">
<strong>RPM</strong></span> packages in general.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Yum also enables you to easily set up your own repositories of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages for download and installation on other machines.
</div><div class="para">
Learning Yum is a worthwhile investment because it is often the fastest way to perform system administration tasks, and it provides capabilities beyond those provided by the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> graphical package management tools. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-PackageKit">Chapter 5, <em>PackageKit</em></a> for details on using <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Note_Yum_and_Superuser_Privileges"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Yum and superuser privileges</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You must have superuser privileges in order to use <code class="command">yum</code> to install, update or remove packages on your system. All examples in this chapter assume that you have already obtained superuser privileges by using either the <code class="command">su</code> or <code class="command">sudo</code> command.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1320433" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1032936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To see which installed packages on your system have updates available, use the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">check-update</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -849,9 +856,9 @@ yum.noarch 3.2.29-5.fc15 fedora</pre><
<code class="computeroutput">fedora</code> — the repository in which the updated package is located
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
The output also shows us that we can update the kernel (the kernel package), Yum and <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> themselves (the <code class="filename">yum</code> and <code class="filename">rpm</code> packages), as well as their dependencies (such as the <span class="package">kernel-firmware</span>, <span class="package">rpm-libs</span>, and <span class="package">rpm-python</span> packages), all using <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id572922" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1417029" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can choose to update a single package, multiple packages, or all packages at once. If any dependencies of the package (or packages) you update have updates available themselves, then they are updated too.
- </div><h4> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="id572945" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="id1417052" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update a single package, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">update</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
For example, to update the <span class="package">udev</span> package, type:
@@ -892,14 +899,14 @@ Is this ok [y/N]:</pre><div class="para">
</div></li></ol></div><div class="important" id="important-Important-Updating_and_Installing_Kernels_with_Yum"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Updating and installing kernels with Yum</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
<code class="command">yum</code> always <span class="emphasis"><em>installs</em></span> a new kernel in the same sense that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> installs a new kernel when you use the command <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code>. Therefore, you do not need to worry about the distinction between <span class="emphasis"><em>installing</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>upgrading</em></span> a kernel package when you use <code class="command">yum</code>: it will do the right thing, regardless of whether you are using the <code class="command">yum update</code> or <code class="command">yum install</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
- When using <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, on the other hand, it is important to use the <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code> command (which installs a new kernel) instead of <code class="command">rpm -u kernel</code> (which <span class="emphasis"><em>replaces</em></span> the current kernel). Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section A.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for more information on installing/updating kernels with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
- </div></div></div><h4> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="id848140" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ When using <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, on the other hand, it is important to use the <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code> command (which installs a new kernel) instead of <code class="command">rpm -u kernel</code> (which <span class="emphasis"><em>replaces</em></span> the current kernel). Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section B.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for more information on installing/updating kernels with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
+ </div></div></div><h4> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="id685438" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update all packages and their dependencies, simply enter <code class="command">yum update</code> (without any arguments):
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum update</code></pre><h4> Updating Security-Related Packages </h4><a id="id1316074" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1316086" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1316098" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum update</code></pre><h4> Updating Security-Related Packages </h4><a id="id1417383" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1417394" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1417406" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Discovering which packages have security updates available and then updating those packages quickly and easily is important. Yum provides the plug-in for this purpose. The <span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> plug-in extends the <code class="command">yum</code> command with a set of highly-useful security-centric commands, subcommands and options. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Section 4.4.3, “Plug-in Descriptions”</a> for specific information.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id970372" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, which Yum uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section A.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="id970403" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id847657" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id847677" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id847693" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id826081" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, which Yum uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Section B.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="id916642" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id916654" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id916674" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id652268" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can search all <acronym class="acronym">RPM</acronym> package names, descriptions and summaries by using the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">search</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>term</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
This command displays the list of matches for each term. For example, to list all packages that match <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">meld</span>”</span> or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">kompare</span>”</span>, type:
@@ -912,13 +919,13 @@ python-meld3.x86_64 : HTML/XML templating system for Python
============================= N/S Matched: kompare =============================
komparator.x86_64 : Kompare and merge two folders
- Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="id847418" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id847434" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="id763094" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id763110" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">yum search</code> command is useful for searching for packages you do not know the name of, but for which you know a related term.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id782089" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id782105" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1370523" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1370539" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">yum list</code> and related commands provide information about packages, package groups, and repositories.
</div><div class="para">
All of Yum's list commands allow you to filter the results by appending one or more <em class="firstterm">glob expressions</em> as arguments. Glob expressions are normal strings of characters which contain one or more of the wildcard characters <code class="command">*</code> (which expands to match any character multiple times) and <code class="command">?</code> (which expands to match any one character).
- </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id850698" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id850714" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id1371336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1371352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Be careful to escape the glob expressions when passing them as arguments to a <code class="command">yum</code> command, otherwise the Bash shell will interpret these expressions as <em class="firstterm">pathname expansions</em>, and potentially pass all files in the current directory that match the globs to <code class="command">yum</code>. To make sure the glob expressions are passed to <code class="command">yum</code> as intended, either:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
escape the wildcard characters by preceding them with a backslash character
@@ -941,8 +948,8 @@ abrt-plugin-logger.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 @fedora
Available Packages
abrt-plugin-mailx.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates
abrt-plugin-reportuploader.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates
-abrt-plugin-rhtsupport.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id484007" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id484022" class="indexterm"></a>
+abrt-plugin-rhtsupport.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id920373" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id920389" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum list all</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all installed <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> available packages.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_installed_and_available_packages"><h6>Example 4.2. Listing all installed and available packages</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum list all</code>
@@ -958,8 +965,8 @@ NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.8.998-4.git20110427.fc15 @fedora
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.998-4.git20110427.fc15 @fedora
NetworkManager-gnome.x86_64 1:0.8.998-4.git20110427.fc15 @fedora
NetworkManager-openconnect.x86_64 0.8.1-9.git20110419.fc15 @fedora
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id503967" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id507360" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1345935" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1345951" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum list installed</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all packages installed on your system. The rightmost column in the output lists the repository from which the package was retrieved.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_installed_packages_using_a_double-quoted_glob_expression"><h6>Example 4.3. Listing installed packages using a double-quoted glob expression</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -967,8 +974,8 @@ NetworkManager-openconnect.x86_64 0.8.1-9.git20110419.fc15 @fedora
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum list installed "krb?-*"</code>
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Installed Packages
-krb5-libs.x86_64 1.9-7.fc15 @fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id619073" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id619088" class="indexterm"></a>
+krb5-libs.x86_64 1.9-7.fc15 @fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id640536" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id580631" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum list available</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all available packages in all enabled repositories.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_available_packages_using_a_single_glob_expression_with_escaped_wildcards"><h6>Example 4.4. Listing available packages using a single glob expression with escaped wildcard characters</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -988,8 +995,8 @@ gstreamer-plugins-base-tools.x86_64 0.10.33-1.fc15 updates
gstreamer-plugins-espeak.x86_64 0.3.3-3.fc15 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-fc.x86_64 0.2-2.fc15 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-good.x86_64 0.10.29-1.fc15 updates
-gstreamer-plugins-good-devel-docs.noarch 0.10.29-1.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id781596" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id781612" class="indexterm"></a>
+gstreamer-plugins-good-devel-docs.noarch 0.10.29-1.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id919901" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id919917" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum grouplist</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all package groups.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_package_groups"><h6>Example 4.5. Listing all package groups</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum grouplist</code>
@@ -1001,8 +1008,8 @@ Installed Groups:
Dial-up Networking Support
Fonts
GNOME Desktop Environment
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1000411" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id1000427" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id526336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id558035" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum repolist</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists the repository ID, name, and number of packages it provides for each <span class="emphasis"><em>enabled</em></span> repository.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_enabled_repositories"><h6>Example 4.6. Listing enabled repositories</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum repolist</code>
@@ -1010,7 +1017,7 @@ Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
repo id repo name status
fedora Fedora 15 - i386 19,365
updates Fedora 15 - i386 - Updates 3,848
-repolist: 23,213</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id499986" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500002" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+repolist: 23,213</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id811618" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id811633" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display information about one or more packages (glob expressions are valid here as well), use the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">info</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
For example, to display information about the <span class="package">abrt</span> package, type:
@@ -1029,7 +1036,7 @@ URL : https://fedorahosted.org/abrt/
License : GPLv2+
Description : abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications and
: to create a bug report with all informations needed by maintainer
- : to fix it. It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="id497978" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id497994" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ : to fix it. It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="id1605632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567646" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">yum info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command is similar to the <code class="command">rpm -q --info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command, but provides as additional information the ID of the Yum repository the RPM package is found in (look for the <code class="computeroutput">From repo:</code> line in the output).
</div><div class="para">
You can also query the Yum database for alternative and useful information about a package by using the following command:
@@ -1047,7 +1054,7 @@ yum-3.2.29-4.fc15.noarch
reason = user
releasever = $releasever</pre><div class="para">
For more information on the <code class="command">yumdb</code> command, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>yumdb</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id533089" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id441574" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id824796" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id824808" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Yum allows you to install both a single package and multiple packages, as well as a package group of your choice.
</div><h4> Installing Individual Packages </h4><div class="para">
To install a single package and all of its non-installed dependencies, enter a command in the following form:
@@ -1071,7 +1078,7 @@ Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/named</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">yum provides "*/<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>"</code> is a common and useful trick to find the packages that contain <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.
- </div></div></div><h4> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="id948777" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id711920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="id714893" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id714904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A package group is similar to a package: it is not useful by itself, but installing one pulls a group of dependent packages that serve a common purpose. A package group has a name and a <em class="firstterm">groupid</em>. The <code class="command">yum grouplist -v</code> command lists the names of all package groups, and, next to each of them, their groupid in parentheses. The groupid is always the term in the last pair of parentheses, such as <code class="literal">kde-desktop</code> in the following example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum -v grouplist kde\*</code>
Not loading "blacklist" plugin, as it is disabled
@@ -1098,9 +1105,9 @@ Done</pre><div class="para">
For example, the following are alternative but equivalent ways of installing the <code class="literal">KDE Desktop</code> group:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum groupinstall "KDE Desktop"</code>
~]# <code class="command">yum groupinstall kde-desktop</code>
-~]# <code class="command">yum install @kde-desktop</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Removing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id720153" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id960719" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">yum install @kde-desktop</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Removing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1015292" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1015304" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Similarly to package installation, Yum allows you to uninstall (remove in <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> and Yum terminology) both individual packages and a package group.
- </div><h4> Removing Individual Packages </h4><a id="id960744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id960760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> Removing Individual Packages </h4><a id="id1015328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id845127" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To uninstall a particular package, as well as any packages that depend on it, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">remove</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
As when you install multiple packages, you can remove several at once by adding more package names to the command. For example, to remove <span class="package">totem</span>, <span class="package">rhythmbox</span>, and <span class="package">sound-juicer</span>, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -1115,14 +1122,14 @@ Done</pre><div class="para">
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
package provides
</div></li></ul></div><div class="warning" id="warning-WarningRemoving_a_Package_when_Other_Packages_Depend_On_It"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Removing a package when other packages depend on it</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Yum is not able to remove a package without also removing packages which depend on it. This type of operation can only be performed by <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, is not advised, and can potentially leave your system in a non-functioning state or cause applications to misbehave and/or crash. For further information, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Section A.2.4, “Uninstalling”</a> in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> chapter.
+ Yum is not able to remove a package without also removing packages which depend on it. This type of operation can only be performed by <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, is not advised, and can potentially leave your system in a non-functioning state or cause applications to misbehave and/or crash. For further information, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Section B.2.4, “Uninstalling”</a> in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> chapter.
</div></div></div><h4> Removing a Package Group </h4><div class="para">
You can remove a package group using syntax congruent with the <code class="command">install</code> syntax:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">groupremove</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">remove</code> @<em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The following are alternative but equivalent ways of removing the <code class="literal">KDE Desktop</code> group:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum groupremove "KDE Desktop"</code>
~]# <code class="command">yum groupremove kde-desktop</code>
-~]# <code class="command">yum remove @kde-desktop</code></pre><div class="important" id="important-Package_Group_Removal"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Intelligent package group removal</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id889309" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id488565" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">yum remove @kde-desktop</code></pre><div class="important" id="important-Package_Group_Removal"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Intelligent package group removal</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id833006" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id833018" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you tell <span class="application"><strong>yum</strong></span> to remove a package group, it will remove every package in that group, even if those packages are members of other package groups or dependencies of other installed packages. However, you can instruct <code class="command">yum</code> to remove only those packages which are not required by any other packages or groups by adding the <code class="option">groupremove_leaf_only=1</code> directive to the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file. For more information on this directive, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">Section 4.3.1, “Setting [main] Options”</a>.
</div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Yum-Transaction_History"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Yum-Transaction_History">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">yum history</code> command allows users to review information about a timeline of Yum transactions, the dates and times on when they occurred, the number of packages affected, whether transactions succeeded or were aborted, and if the RPM database was changed between transactions. Additionally, this command can be used to undo or redo certain transactions.
@@ -1336,7 +1343,7 @@ history addon-info</pre><div class="para">
Yum stores the transaction history in a single SQLite database file. To start new transaction history, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">history</code> <code class="option">new</code></pre><div class="para">
This will create a new, empty database file in the <code class="filename">/var/lib/yum/history/</code> directory. The old transaction history will be kept, but will not be accessible as long as a newer database file is present in the directory.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="id437920" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id437932" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="id707838" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id796610" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file for <code class="command">yum</code> and related utilities is located at <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>. This file contains one mandatory <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, which allows you to set Yum options that have global effect, and may also contain one or more <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, which allow you to set repository-specific options. However, best practice is to define individual repositories in new or existing <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code>directory. The values you define in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> file may override values set in individual <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections.
</div><div class="para">
This section shows you how to:
@@ -1350,7 +1357,7 @@ history addon-info</pre><div class="para">
add, enable, and disable Yum repositories on the command line; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
set up your own custom Yum repository.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id676969" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id871010" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file contains exactly one <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, and while some of the key-value pairs in this section affect how <code class="command">yum</code> operates, others affect how Yum treats repositories. You can add many additional options under the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section heading in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
A sample <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file can look like this:
@@ -1399,7 +1406,7 @@ installonly_limit=3
</div><div class="para">
If this option is set in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> file, it sets the GPG-checking rule for all repositories. However, you can also set <code class="option">gpgcheck=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> for individual repositories instead; that is, you can enable GPG-checking on one repository while disabling it on another. Setting <code class="option">gpgcheck=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> for an individual repository in its corresponding <code class="filename">.repo</code> file overrides the default if it is present in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
- For more information on GPG signature-checking, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section A.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a>.
+ For more information on GPG signature-checking, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section B.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a>.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="option">groupremove_leaf_only</code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> is one of:
</div><div class="para">
@@ -1452,7 +1459,7 @@ installonly_limit=3
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> is an integer <code class="literal">0</code> or greater. This value sets the number of times <code class="command">yum</code> should attempt to retrieve a file before returning an error. Setting this to <code class="literal">0</code> makes <code class="command">yum</code> retry forever. The default value is <code class="literal">10</code>.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available <code class="literal">[main]</code> options, refer to the <code class="literal">[main] OPTIONS</code> section of the <span class="bold bold"><strong>yum.conf</strong></span>(5) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id682664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id581290" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, where <em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em> is a unique repository ID such as <code class="literal">my_personal_repo</code> (spaces are not permitted), allow you to define individual Yum repositories.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a bare-minimum example of the form a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section takes:
@@ -1488,7 +1495,7 @@ baseurl=<em class="replaceable"><code>repository_url</code></em></pre><div class
Turning repositories on and off can also be performed by passing either the <code class="option">--enablerepo=<em class="replaceable"><code>repo_name</code></em></code> or <code class="option">--disablerepo=<em class="replaceable"><code>repo_name</code></em></code> option to <code class="command">yum</code>, or through the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window of the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> utility.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Many more <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> options exist. For a complete list, refer to the <code class="literal">[repository] OPTIONS</code> section of the <span class="bold bold"><strong>yum.conf</strong></span>(5) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</h3></div></div></div><a id="id815041" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</h3></div></div></div><a id="id862817" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use and reference the following built-in variables in <code class="command">yum</code> commands and in all Yum configuration files (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> and all <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory):
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="varname">$releasever</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
You can use this variable to reference the release version of Fedora. Yum obtains the value of <code class="varname">$releasever</code> from the <code class="literal">distroverpkg=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> line in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file. If there is no such line in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>, then <code class="command">yum</code> infers the correct value by deriving the version number from the <span class="package">redhat-release</span> package.
@@ -1521,7 +1528,7 @@ assumeyes = False
bandwith = 0
bugtracker_url = https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Red%20Hat%20Enterprise%20Linux%206&component=yum
cache = 0
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id890022" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id738415" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">Section 4.3.2, “Setting [repository] Options”</a> described various options you can use to define a Yum repository. This section explains how to add, enable, and disable a repository by using the <code class="command">yum-config-manager</code> command.
</div><h4> Adding a Yum Repository </h4><div class="para">
To define a new repository, you can either add a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section to the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> file, or to a <code class="filename">.repo</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. All files with the <code class="filename">.repo</code> file extension in this directory are read by <code class="command">yum</code>, and best practice is to define your repositories here instead of in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>.
@@ -1559,7 +1566,7 @@ cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6Server/example
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em> is the unique repository ID (use <code class="command">yum repolist all</code> to list available repository IDs). Similarly to <code class="command">yum-config-manager --enable</code>, you can use a glob expression to disable all matching repositories at the same time:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum-config-manager</code> <code class="option">--disable</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>glob_expression</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
When successful, the <code class="command">yum-config-manager --disable</code> command displays the current configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id874227" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id820416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To set up a Yum repository, follow these steps:
</div><div class="procedure" id="procedure-Setting_Up_a_Yum_repository"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Install the <span class="package">createrepo</span> package:
@@ -1571,13 +1578,13 @@ cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6Server/example
Because RPM packages for Fedora 16 are compressed using the XZ lossless data compression format, and may also be signed using alternative (and stronger) hash algorithms such as SHA-256, it is not possible to run <code class="command">createrepo</code> on Fedora 5 to create the package metadata for Fedora 16 packages. The <code class="command">createrepo</code> command relies on <code class="command">rpm</code> to open and inspect the packages, and <code class="command">rpm</code> on Fedora 5 is not able to open the improved Fedora 16 RPM package format.
</div></div></div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
This will create the necessary metadata for your Yum repository, as well as the <span class="application"><strong>sqlite</strong></span> database for speeding up <code class="command">yum</code> operations.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</h2></div></div></div><a id="id953064" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</h2></div></div></div><a id="id500867" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Yum provides plug-ins that extend and enhance its operations. Certain plug-ins are installed by default. Yum always informs you which plug-ins, if any, are loaded and active whenever you call any <code class="command">yum</code> command. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum info yum</code>
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
Note that the plug-in names which follow <code class="command">Loaded plugins</code> are the names you can provide to the <code class="option">--disableplugins=<em class="replaceable"><code>plugin_name</code></em></code> option.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</h3></div></div></div><a id="id874248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874260" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</h3></div></div></div><a id="id586358" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1079262" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1079274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To enable Yum plug-ins, ensure that a line beginning with <code class="command">plugins=</code> is present in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>, and that its value is set to <code class="literal">1</code>:
</div><pre class="programlisting">plugins=1</pre><div class="para">
You can disable all plug-ins by changing this line to <code class="command">plugins=0</code>.
@@ -1600,7 +1607,7 @@ enabled=1</pre><div class="para">
Yum plug-ins usually adhere to the <code class="filename">yum-plugin-<em class="replaceable"><code>plugin_name</code></em></code> package-naming convention, but not always: the package which provides the <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> plug-in is named <code class="filename">yum-presto</code>, for example. You can install a Yum plug-in in the same way you install other packages. For instance, to install the <span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> plug-in, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum install yum-plugin-security</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="sec-Plugin_Descriptions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Plugin_Descriptions">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following list provides descriptions of a few useful Yum plug-ins:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id844261" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id946472" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>fs-snapshot</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-plugin-fs-snapshot</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>fs-snapshot</strong></span> plug-in extends Yum to create a snapshot of a file system before proceeding with a transaction such as a system update or package removal. When a user decides that the changes made by the transaction are unwanted, this mechanism allows the user to roll back to the changes that are stored in a snapshot.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -1693,20 +1700,20 @@ enabled=1</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">lvcreate_size_args</code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>
</td><td>
Allows you to specify the size of a logical volume snapshot. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> must be the <code class="option">-l</code> or <code class="option">-L</code> command line option for the <span class="application"><strong>lvcreate</strong></span> utility followed by a valid argument (for example, <code class="literal">-l 80%ORIGIN</code>).
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1064014" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1429719" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-presto</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> plug-in adds support to Yum for downloading <em class="firstterm">delta RPM</em> packages, during updates, from repositories which have <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> metadata enabled. Delta RPMs contain only the differences between the version of the package installed on the client requesting the RPM package and the updated version in the repository.
</div><div class="para">
Downloading a delta RPM is much quicker than downloading the entire updated package, and can speed up updates considerably. Once the delta RPMs are downloaded, they must be rebuilt to apply the difference to the currently-installed package and thus create the full, updated package. This process takes CPU time on the installing machine. Using delta RPMs is therefore a tradeoff between time-to-download, which depends on the network connection, and time-to-rebuild, which is CPU-bound. Using the <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> plug-in is recommended for fast machines and systems with slower network connections, while slower machines on very fast connections <span class="emphasis"><em>may</em></span> benefit more from downloading normal RPM packages, that is, by disabling <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span>.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id498213" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id691294" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>refresh-packagekit</strong></span> (<span class="package">PackageKit-yum-plugin</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>refresh-packagekit</strong></span> plug-in updates metadata for <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> whenever <code class="command">yum</code> is run. The <span class="application"><strong>refresh-packagekit</strong></span> plug-in is installed by default.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id944802" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id915327" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>rhnplugin</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-rhn-plugin</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>rhnplugin</strong></span> provides support for connecting to <code class="systemitem">RHN Classic</code>. This allows systems registered with <code class="systemitem">RHN Classic</code> to update and install packages from this system.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>rhnplugin</strong></span>(8) manual page for more information about the plug-in.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id654792" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id907179" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-plugin-security</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Discovering information about and applying security updates easily and often is important to all system administrators. For this reason Yum provides the <span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> plug-in, which extends <code class="command">yum</code> with a set of highly-useful security-related commands, subcommands and options.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -1736,29 +1743,29 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
...then <code class="command">yum update-minimal --security</code> will update you to <span class="package">kernel-2.6.38.6-22</span>, and <code class="command">yum update --security</code> will update you to <span class="package">kernel-2.6.38.6-26</span>. Conservative system administrators may want to use <code class="command">update-minimal</code> to reduce the risk incurred by updating packages as much as possible.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>yum-security</strong></span>(8) manual page for usage details and further explanation of the enhancements the <span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> plug-in adds to <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id629396" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a href="http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides">http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id791360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a href="http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides">http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="literal">Yum Guides</code> section of the Yum wiki contains more documentation.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-PackageKit" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. PackageKit</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Finding_Pac
kages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id562712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id573623" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id865019" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id865516" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id473015" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id974286" class="indexter
m"></a><a id="id947686" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479911" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id663413" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id891207" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1352254" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-PackageKit" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. PackageKit</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Finding_Pac
kages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id661739" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id947014" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1382445" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id513210" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id687420" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id769637" class="indexte
rm"></a><a id="id504618" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id523399" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id915382" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id572323" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1116701" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora provides <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> for viewing, managing, updating, installing and uninstalling packages compatible with your system. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> consists of several graphical interfaces that can be opened from the GNOME panel menu, or from the Notification Area when <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> alerts you that updates are available. For more information on <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit's</strong></span> architecture and available front ends, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">Section 5.3, “PackageKit Architecture”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</h2></div></div></div><a id="id581281" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1312121" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</h2></div></div></div><a id="id713092" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id713108" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can open <span class="application"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> by clicking <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Update</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or running the <code class="command">gpk-update-viewer</code> command at the shell prompt. In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> window, all available updates are listed along with the names of the packages being updated (minus the <code class="filename">.rpm</code> suffix, but including the CPU architecture), a short summary of the package, and, usually, short descriptions of the changes the update provides. Any updates you do not wish to install can be de-selected here by unchecking the checkbox corresponding to the update.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-software_update"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/software-update.png" alt="Installing updates with Software Update" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
installing 56 updates with PackageKit's software update window
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.1. Installing updates with Software Update</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The updates presented in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> window only represent the currently-installed packages on your system for which updates are available;
- <a id="id528835" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id528851" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1028548" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1028564" class="indexterm"></a>
dependencies of those packages, whether they are existing packages on your system or new ones, are not shown until you click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Install Updates</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
- <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> <a id="id633404" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id633419" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id633431" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> <a id="id1028589" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id726420" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id726431" class="indexterm"></a>
utilizes the fine-grained user authentication
- <a id="id633439" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id726439" class="indexterm"></a>
capabilities provided by the <span class="application"><strong>PolicyKit</strong></span> toolkit whenever you request it to make changes to the system. Whenever you instruct <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to update, install or remove packages, you will be prompted to enter the superuser password before changes are made to the system.
</div><div class="para">
If you instruct <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to update the <code class="filename">kernel</code> package, then it will prompt you after installation, asking you whether you want to reboot the system and thereby boot into the newly-installed kernel.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</h3></div></div></div><a id="id956876" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</h3></div></div></div><a id="id814811" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu opens the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Update Preferences</strong></span> window. The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Update Settings</strong></span> tab allows you to define the interval at which <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> checks for package updates, as well as whether or not to automatically install all updates or only security updates. Leaving the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Check for updates when using mobile broadband</strong></span> box unchecked is handy for avoiding extraneous bandwidth usage when using a wireless connection on which you are charged for the amount of data you download.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-Software_Update_Preferences"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/software-update-preferences.png" alt="Setting PackageKit's update-checking interval" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Setting the update-checking interval for PackageKit
@@ -1766,7 +1773,7 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
To select which package repositories to use to install software updates, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, and click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Update Preferences</strong></span> window.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-Software_Update_Software_Sources"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/software-update-software-sources.png" alt="Setting PackageKit's software sources" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Setting the software sources for PackageKit
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.3. Setting PackageKit's software sources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id633373" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id607688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.3. Setting PackageKit's software sources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id1409856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> refers to <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories as software sources. It obtains all packages from enabled software sources.The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> tab shows the repository name, as written on the <code class="computeroutput">name=<em class="replaceable"><code>My Repository Name</code></em></code> field of all [<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>] sections in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file, and in all <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
Entries which are checked in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enabled</strong></span> column indicate that the corresponding repository will be used to locate packages to satisfy all update and installation requests (including dependency resolution). The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enabled</strong></span> column corresponds to the <code class="computeroutput">enabled=<em class="replaceable"><code><1 or 0></code></em></code> field in [<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>] sections. Checking an unchecked box enables the Yum repository, and unchecking it disables it. Performing either function causes <span class="application"><strong>PolicyKit</strong></span> to prompt for superuser authentication to enable or disable the repository. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> actually inserts the <code class="literal">enabled=<em class="replaceable"><code><1 or 0></code></em></code> line into the correct [<em class="replace
able"><code>repository</code></em>] section if it does not exist, or changes the value if it does. This means that enabling or disabling a repository through the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> window causes that change to persist after closing the window or rebooting the system. The ability to quickly enable and disable repositories based on our needs is a highly-convenient feature of <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
@@ -1774,7 +1781,7 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
Note that it is not possible to add or remove <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories through <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Showing_Source_RPM_and_Test_Repositories"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Showing source RPM, test, and debuginfo repositories</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Checking the box at the bottom of the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> tab causes <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to display source RPM, testing and debuginfo repositories as well. This box is unchecked by default.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</h2></div></div></div><a id="id620247" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id620258" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</h2></div></div></div><a id="id771552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771563" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>'s <span class="application"><strong>Software Update</strong></span> GUI window is a separate application from its <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> application, although the two have intuitively similar interfaces. To find and install a new package, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or run the <code class="command">gpk-application</code> command at the shell prompt.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-add_remove_software"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software.png" alt="PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Viewing PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
@@ -1782,37 +1789,37 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
To enable or disable a <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repository, open a dialog box by sclicking <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span>, and select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> tab. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Section 5.1.2, “Setting the Software Sources”</a> for more information on available configuration options.
</div><div class="para">
After enabling and/or disabling the correct <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories, make sure that you have the latest list of available packages. Click on <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Refresh Package Lists</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> will obtain the latest lists of packages from all enabled software sources, that is, <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="id661195" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="id725578" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can view the list of all <span class="emphasis"><em>configured</em></span> and unfiltered (see below) <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories by opening <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> and clicking <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span>. Once the software sources have been updated, it is often beneficial to apply some filters so that <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> retrieves the results of our <span class="guilabel"><strong>Find</strong></span> queries faster. This is especially helpful when performing many package searches. Four of the filters in the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Filters</strong></span> drop-down menu are used to split results by matching or not matching a single criterion. By default when <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> starts, these filters are a
ll unapplied (<span class="guibutton"><strong>No Filter</strong></span>), but once you do filter by one of them, that filter remains set until you either change it or close <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
Because you are usually searching for available packages that are <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> installed on the system, click <span class="guimenu"><strong>Filters</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Installed</strong></span> and select the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Available</strong></span> radio button.
- <a id="id584694" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id584710" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id584722" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id689331" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id689346" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id905118" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id905133" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id905145" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1039631" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1039647" class="indexterm"></a>
</div><div class="figure" id="Graphical_Package_Management-filters-only_available"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-filters-available.png" alt="Filtering out already-installed packages" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
filtering out packages which are already installed
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.5. Filtering out already-installed packages</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- <a id="id1322972" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id1322988" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id597565" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id584653" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id584669" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id646430" class="indexterm"></a>
Also, unless we require development files such as C header files, we can filter for <span class="guimenu"><strong>Only End User Files</strong></span> and, in doing so, filter out all of the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>-devel</code> packages we are not interested in.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-filters-only_end_user"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-filters-end-user.png" alt="Filtering out development packages from the list of Find results" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
filtering out development packages from our results
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.6. Filtering out development packages from the list of Find results</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The two remaining filters with submenus are:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Graphical</strong></span> <a id="id816016" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Graphical</strong></span> <a id="id1393103" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Narrows the search to either applications which provide a GUI interface (<span class="guibutton"><strong>Only Graphical</strong></span>) or those that do not. This filter is useful when browsing for GUI applications that perform a specific function.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Free</strong></span> <a id="id588047" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Free</strong></span> <a id="id873345" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Search for packages which are considered to be free software Refer to the <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing#SoftwareLicenses">Fedora Licensing List</a> for details on approved licenses.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
The remaining checkbox filters are always either checked or unchecked. They are:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> <a id="id737789" class="indexterm"></a>
+ Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> <a id="id1601935" class="indexterm"></a>
checkbox filters out generally-uninteresting packages that are typically only dependencies of other packages that we want. For example, checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> and searching for <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em> </code> would cause the following related packages to be filtered out of the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Find</strong></span> results (if it exists):
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename"> <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em>-devel</code>
@@ -1823,20 +1830,20 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename"> <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em>-debuginfo</code>
</div></li></ul></div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- Checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> <a id="id595160" class="indexterm"></a>
+ Checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> <a id="id724164" class="indexterm"></a>
filters out all older versions of the same package from the list of results, which is generally what we want.
</div><div class="important" id="important-Using_the_Only_newest_items_filter"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the Only Newest Packages filter</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> filters out all but the most recent version of any package from the results list. This filter is often combined with the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Available</strong></span> filter to search for the latest available versions of new (not installed) packages.
</div></div></div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Only native packages</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Native Packages</strong></span> <a id="id577522" class="indexterm"></a>
+ Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Native Packages</strong></span> <a id="id741065" class="indexterm"></a>
box on a multilib system causes <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to omit listing results for packages compiled for the architecture that runs in <span class="emphasis"><em>compatibility mode</em></span>. For example, enabling this filter on a 64-bit system with an AMD64 CPU would cause all packages built for the 32-bit x86 CPU architecture not to be shown in the list of results, even though those packages are able to run on an AMD64 machine. Packages which are architecture-agnostic (i.e. <em class="firstterm">noarch</em> packages such as <code class="filename">crontabs-1.10-32.1.el6.noarch.rpm</code>) are never filtered out by checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Native Packages</strong></span>. This filter has no affect on non-multilib systems, such as x86 machines.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</h3></div></div></div><a id="id560457" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560469" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</h3></div></div></div><a id="id731949" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id731961" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
With the two filters selected, <span class="guibutton"><strong>Only Available</strong></span> and <span class="guibutton"><strong>Only End User Files</strong></span>, search for the <span class="application"><strong>htop</strong></span> interactive process viewer and highlight the package. You now have access to some very useful information about it, including: a clickable link to the project homepage; the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> package group it is found in, if any; the license of the package; a pointer to the GNOME menu location from where the application can be opened, if applicable; and the size of the package, which is relevant when we download and install it.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-install"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-install.png" alt="Viewing and installing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Viewing and installing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.7. Viewing and installing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
When the checkbox next to a package or group is checked, then that item is already installed on the system. Checking an unchecked box causes it to be <span class="emphasis"><em>marked</em></span> for installation, which only occurs when the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> button is clicked. In this way, you can search for and select multiple packages or package groups before performing the actual installation transactions. Additionally, you can remove installed packages by unchecking the checked box, and the removal will occur along with any pending installations when <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> is pressed. Dependency resolution
- <a id="id902736" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id949346" class="indexterm"></a>
, which may add additional packages to be installed or removed, is performed after pressing <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span>. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> will then display a window listing those additional packages to install or remove, and ask for confirmation to proceed.
</div><div class="para">
Check <span class="application"><strong>htop</strong></span> and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> button. You will then be prompted for the superuser password; enter it, and <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> will install <span class="application"><strong>htop</strong></span>. One nice feature of <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> is that, following installation, it sometimes presents you with a list of your newly-installed applications and offer you the choice of running them immediately. Alternatively, you will remember that finding a package and selecting it in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window shows you the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Location</strong></span> of where in the GNOME menus its application shortcut is located, which is helpful when you want to run it.
@@ -1848,7 +1855,7 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
Although <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> automatically resolves dependencies during package installation and removal, it is unable to remove a package without also removing packages which depend on it. This type of operation can only be performed by <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, is not advised, and can potentially leave your system in a non-functioning state or cause applications to misbehave and/or crash.
</div></div></div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-removing_a_package"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-remove.png" alt="Removing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Removing the htop package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.8. Removing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id877316" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id877328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id877339" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id877351" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.8. Removing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id694994" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695006" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695017" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695029" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> also has the ability to install <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> package groups, which it calls <span class="guilabel"><strong>Package collections</strong></span>. Clicking on <span class="guilabel"><strong>Package collections</strong></span> in the top-left list of categories in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> window allows us to scroll through and find the package group we want to install. In this case, we want to install Czech language support (the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Czech Support</strong></span> group). Checking the box and clicking <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> informs us how many <span class="emphasis"><em>additional</em></span> packages must be installed in order to fulfill the dependencies of the package group.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-installing_a_package_group"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-package-group.png" alt="Installing the Czech Support package group" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Using PackageKit to install Czech language support with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
@@ -1856,8 +1863,8 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
Similarly, installed package groups can be uninstalled by selecting <span class="guilabel"><strong>Package collections</strong></span>, unchecking the appropriate checkbox, and applying.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> maintains a log of the transactions
- <a id="id686791" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id686803" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id636932" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id636944" class="indexterm"></a>
that it performs. To view the log, from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window, click <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Log</strong></span>, or run the <code class="command">gpk-log</code> command at the shell prompt.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Log Viewer</strong></span> shows the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Action</strong></span>, such as <code class="literal">Updated Packages</code> or <code class="literal">Installed Packages</code>, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Date</strong></span> on which that action was performed, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Username</strong></span> of the user who performed the action, and the front end <span class="guilabel"><strong>Application</strong></span> the user used (such as <code class="literal">Add/Remove Software</code>, or <code class="literal">Update System</code>). The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Details</strong></span> column provides the types of the transactions, such as <code class="literal">Updated</code>, <code class="literal">Installed</code>, or <code class="literal">Removed</code>, as well as the list of packages the transactions were performed on.
@@ -1865,7 +1872,7 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
Viewing the log of package management transactions with PackageKit's Software Log Viewer window
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.10. Viewing the log of package management transactions with the Software Log Viewer</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
Typing the name of a package in the top text entry field filters the list of transactions to those which affected that package.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1000615" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</h2></div></div></div><a id="id706614" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora provides the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> suite of applications for viewing, updating, installing and uninstalling packages and package groups compatible with your system. Architecturally, <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> consists of several graphical front ends that communicate with the <code class="command">packagekitd</code> daemon back end, which communicates with a package manager-specific back end that utilizes <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> to perform the actual transactions, such as installing and removing packages, etc.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#table-PackageKit_GUI_Windows_Menu_Locations_and_Shell_Prompt_Commands">Table 5.1, “PackageKit GUI windows, menu locations, and shell prompt commands”</a> shows the name of the GUI window, how to start the window from the GNOME desktop or from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window, and the name of the command line application that opens that window.
@@ -1955,9 +1962,9 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
Cross-reference <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>-provided features with the long list of package manager back ends.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div class="footnote" id="footnote-Daemons"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.footnote-Daemons" href="#footnote-Daemons" class="para">1</a>] </sup>
System daemons are typically long-running processes that provide services to the user or to other programs, and which are started, often at boot time. Daemons respond to the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command and can be turned on or off permanently by using the <code class="command">systemctl enable</code> or <code class="command">systemctl disable</code>commands. They can typically be recognized by a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><span class="emphasis"><em>d</em></span></span>”</span> appended to their name, such as the <code class="command">packagekitd</code> daemon. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for information about system services.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Networking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Networking</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id838786"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Networking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Networking</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id730316"><div></div><div class="para">
This part describes how to configure the network on Fedora.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">6. Network Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-static-routes">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Network_Interfaces" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. Network Interfaces</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface C
onfiguration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-static-routes">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"#s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id625803" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id738111" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">6. Network Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-static-routes">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Network_Interfaces" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. Network Interfaces</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface C
onfiguration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-static-routes">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"#s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id498936" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id818816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Under Fedora, all network communications occur between configured software <em class="firstterm">interfaces</em> and <em class="firstterm">physical networking devices</em> connected to the system.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration files for network interfaces are located in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory. The scripts used to activate and deactivate these network interfaces are also located here. Although the number and type of interface files can differ from system to system, there are three categories of files that exist in this directory:
@@ -1971,7 +1978,7 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
The files in each of these categories work together to enable various network devices.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter explores the relationship between these files and how they are used.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id834792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1046700" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before delving into the interface configuration files, let us first itemize the primary configuration files used in network configuration. Understanding the role these files play in setting up the network stack can be helpful when customizing a Fedora system.
</div><div class="para">
The primary network configuration files are as follows:
@@ -1980,14 +1987,16 @@ NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.999-2.git20110509.fc15 updates
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This file specifies the IP addresses of DNS servers and the search domain. Unless configured to do otherwise, the network initialization scripts populate this file. For more information about this file, refer to the <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> man page.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- This file specifies routing and host information for all network interfaces. For more information about this file and the directives it accepts, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-sysconfig-network">Section C.1.13, “ /etc/sysconfig/network ”</a>.
+ This file specifies routing and host information for all network interfaces. For more information about this file and the directives it accepts, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-sysconfig-network">Section D.1.13, “ /etc/sysconfig/network ”</a>.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface-name</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
For each network interface, there is a corresponding interface configuration script. Each of these files provide information specific to a particular network interface. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">Section 6.2, “Interface Configuration Files”</a> for more information on this type of file and the directives it accepts.
- </div></dd></dl></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Network interface names</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ Network interface names may be different on different hardware types. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming">Appendix A, <em>Consistent Network Device Naming</em></a> for more information.
+ </div></div></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The /etc/sysconfig/networking/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/networking/</code> directory is used by the <span class="application"><strong>Network Administration Tool</strong></span> (<code class="command">system-config-network</code>) and its contents should <span class="bold bold"><strong>not</strong></span> be edited manually. Using only one method for network configuration is strongly encouraged, due to the risk of configuration deletion.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id545409" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696899" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1044723" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1044736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Interface configuration files control the software interfaces for individual network devices. As the system boots, it uses these files to determine what interfaces to bring up and how to configure them. These files are usually named <code class="filename">ifcfg-<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </code>, where <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> refers to the name of the device that the configuration file controls.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1532686" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1532704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1079330" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1079348" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
One of the most common interface files is <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code>, which controls the first Ethernet <em class="firstterm">network interface card</em> or <em class="firstterm">NIC</em> in the system. In a system with multiple NICs, there are multiple <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth<em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> </code> files (where <em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> is a unique number corresponding to a specific interface). Because each device has its own configuration file, an administrator can control how each interface functions individually.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a sample <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code> file for a system using a fixed IP address:
@@ -2092,7 +2101,7 @@ ONBOOT=yes</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">yes</code> — Non-<code class="systemitem">root</code> users are allowed to control this device.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">no</code> — Non-<code class="systemitem">root</code> users are not allowed to control this device.
- </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id642093" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642110" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1363250" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id568389" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora allows administrators to bind multiple network interfaces together into a single channel using the <code class="filename">bonding</code> kernel module and a special network interface called a <em class="firstterm">channel bonding interface</em>. Channel bonding enables two or more network interfaces to act as one, simultaneously increasing the bandwidth and providing redundancy.
</div><div class="para">
To create a channel bonding interface, create a file in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory called <code class="filename">ifcfg-bond<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> </code>, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> with the number for the interface, such as <code class="filename">0</code>.
@@ -2100,13 +2109,13 @@ ONBOOT=yes</pre><div class="para">
The contents of the file can be identical to whatever type of interface is getting bonded, such as an Ethernet interface. The only difference is that the <code class="command">DEVICE=</code> directive must be <code class="command">bond<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> </code>, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> with the number for the interface.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a sample channel bonding configuration file:
- </div><div class="example" id="ex-Sample_ifcfg-bond0_interface_configuration_file"><h6>Example 6.1. Sample ifcfg-bond0 interface configuration file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DEVICE=bond0
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
-BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters separated by spaces</code></em>"</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
+BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters separated by spaces</code></em>"</pre><div class="para">
After the channel bonding interface is created, the network interfaces to be bound together must be configured by adding the <code class="command">MASTER=</code> and <code class="command">SLAVE=</code> directives to their configuration files. The configuration files for each of the channel-bonded interfaces can be nearly identical.
</div><div class="para">
For example, if two Ethernet interfaces are being channel bonded, both <code class="filename">eth0</code> and <code class="filename">eth1</code> may look like the following example:
@@ -2123,7 +2132,7 @@ USERCTL=no</pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> with the interface number, such as <code class="command">0</code>. For each configured channel bonding interface, there must be a corresponding entry in your new <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.d/<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding</code></em>.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Put all bonding module parameters in ifcfg-bondN files</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Parameters for the bonding kernel module must be specified as a space-separated list in the <em class="parameter"><code>BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters</code></em>"</code></em> directive in the ifcfg-bond<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> interface file. Do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> specify options for the bonding device in <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.d/<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding</code></em>.conf</code>, or in the deprecated <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.conf</code> file. For further instructions and advice on configuring the bonding module and to view the list of bonding parameters, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Section 22.7.2, “Using Channel Bonding”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id649968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id448380" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id725474" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id725492" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Two lesser-used types of interface configuration files are <em class="firstterm">alias</em> and <em class="firstterm">clone</em> files.
</div><div class="para">
Alias interface configuration files, which are used to bind multiple addresses to a single interface, use the <code class="filename">ifcfg-<em class="replaceable"><code>if-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>alias-value</code></em> </code> naming scheme.
@@ -2141,7 +2150,7 @@ BOOTPROTO=dhcp</pre><div class="para">
This way a user can bring up the <code class="filename">eth0</code> interface using the <code class="command">/sbin/ifup eth0-user</code> command because the configuration options from <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code> and <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0-user</code> are combined. While this is a very basic example, this method can be used with a variety of options and interfaces.
</div><div class="para">
The easiest way to create alias and clone interface configuration files is to use the graphical <span class="application"><strong>Network Administration Tool</strong></span>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1528923" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id553681" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you are connecting to the Internet via a dialup connection, a configuration file is necessary for the interface.
</div><div class="para">
PPP interface files are named using the following format:
@@ -2215,7 +2224,7 @@ IDLETIMEOUT=600</pre><div class="para">
An <em class="firstterm">infrared interface</em> allows information between devices, such as a laptop and a printer, to flow over an infrared link. This works in a similar way to an Ethernet device except that it commonly occurs over a peer-to-peer connection.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">ifcfg-plip0</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Parallel Line Interface Protocol (PLIP)</em> connection works much the same way as an Ethernet device, except that it utilizes a parallel port.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-control"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id516973" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id516995" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id872411" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id872425" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-control"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id595334" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1021959" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1021980" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id720744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The interface control scripts activate and deactivate system interfaces. There are two primary interface control scripts that call on control scripts located in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory: <code class="command">/sbin/ifdown</code> and <code class="command">/sbin/ifup</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">ifup</code> and <code class="filename">ifdown</code> interface scripts are symbolic links to scripts in the <code class="filename">/sbin/</code> directory. When either of these scripts are called, they require the value of the interface to be specified, such as:
@@ -2259,7 +2268,7 @@ IDLETIMEOUT=600</pre><div class="para">
If static routes are required, they can be configured for each interface. This can be useful if you have multiple interfaces in different subnets. Use the <code class="command">route</code> command to display the IP routing table.
</div><div class="para">
Static route configuration is stored in a <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> </code> file. For example, static routes for the eth0 interface would be stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0</code> file. The <code class="filename">route-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> </code> file has two formats: IP command arguments and network/netmask directives.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id684941">IP Command Arguments Format</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id620188">IP Command Arguments Format</h5>
Define a default gateway on the first line. This is only required if the default gateway is not set via DHCP:
</div><pre class="programlisting">default via <em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em> dev <em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em></pre><div class="para">
<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em> is the IP address of the default gateway. The <em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> is the interface that is connected to, or can reach, the default gateway.
@@ -2275,7 +2284,7 @@ IDLETIMEOUT=600</pre><div class="para">
Static routes should only be configured for other subnets. The above example is not necessary, since packets going to the 10.10.10.0/24 and 172.16.1.0/24 networks will use the default gateway anyway. Below is an example of setting static routes to a different subnet, on a machine in a 192.168.0.0/24 subnet. The example machine has an eth0 interface in the 192.168.0.0/24 subnet, and an eth1 interface (10.10.10.1) in the 10.10.10.0/24 subnet:
</div><pre class="programlisting">10.10.10.0/24 via 10.10.10.1 dev eth1</pre><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Duplicate default gateways</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If the default gateway is already assigned from DHCP, the IP command arguments format can cause one of two errors during start-up, or when bringing up an interface from the down state using the <code class="command">ifup</code> command: "RTNETLINK answers: File exists" or 'Error: either "to" is a duplicate, or "<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em>" is a garbage.', where <em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em> is the gateway, or a different IP address. These errors can also occur if you have another route to another network using the default gateway. Both of these errors are safe to ignore.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id644521">Network/Netmask Directives Format</h5>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id836268">Network/Netmask Directives Format</h5>
You can also use the network/netmask directives format for <code class="filename">route-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> </code> files. The following is a template for the network/netmask format, with instructions following afterwards:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ADDRESS0=<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em>
NETMASK0=<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em>
@@ -2300,27 +2309,27 @@ GATEWAY1=192.168.0.1</pre><div class="para">
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY0=10.10.10.1</pre><div class="para">
Note that if DHCP is used, it can assign these settings automatically.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1277404" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1012171" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora makes use of several files that contain important common functions used to bring interfaces up and down. Rather than forcing each interface control file to contain these functions, they are grouped together in a few files that are called upon when necessary.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions</code> file contains the most commonly used IPv4 functions, which are useful to many interface control scripts. These functions include contacting running programs that have requested information about changes in the status of an interface, setting hostnames, finding a gateway device, verifying whether or not a particular device is down, and adding a default route.
</div><div class="para">
As the functions required for IPv6 interfaces are different from IPv4 interfaces, a <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6</code> file exists specifically to hold this information. The functions in this file configure and delete static IPv6 routes, create and remove tunnels, add and remove IPv6 addresses to an interface, and test for the existence of an IPv6 address on an interface.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id722899" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1012220" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following are resources which explain more about network interfaces.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-docs-inst"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/sysconfig.txt</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A guide to available options for network configuration files, including IPv6 options not covered in this chapter.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/iproute-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/ip-cref.ps</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This file contains a wealth of information about the <code class="command">ip</code> command, which can be used to manipulate routing tables, among other things. Use the <span class="application"><strong>ggv</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>kghostview</strong></span> application to view this file.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id836442"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id561967"><div></div><div class="para">
This part provides information how to configure services and daemons, configure authentication, and enable remote logins.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_Authentication">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced
_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_Use
r_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-ver
sions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-
ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-useful-websites">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-
US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2
.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id997352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Configuring_Authentication">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced
_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_Use
r_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OpenSSH">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-ver
sions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-
ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-useful-websites">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-
US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-running">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-stopping">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-services-running-restarting">7.2
.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-services-additional-resources">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1136000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Maintaining security on your system is extremely important, and one approach for this task is to manage access to system services carefully. Your system may need to provide open access to particular services (for example, <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> if you are running a web server). However, if you do not need to provide a service, you should turn it off to minimize your exposure to possible bug exploits.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter covers the configuration of the services to be run when a system is started, and provides information on how to start, stop, and restart the services on the command line using the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the system secure</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When you allow access for new services, always remember that both the firewall and <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span> need to be configured as well. One of the most common mistakes committed when configuring a new service is neglecting to implement the necessary firewall configuration and SELinux policies to allow access for it. Refer to the Fedora <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em> (see <a class="xref" href="#s1-services-additional-resources">Section 7.3, “Additional Resources”</a>) for more information.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id563237" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id971983" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id623742" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id863277" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To allow you to configure which services are started at boot time, Fedora is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> command line tool.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the ntsysv and chkconfig utilities</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>ntsysv</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>chkconfig</strong></span> utilities to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
@@ -2338,7 +2347,7 @@ GATEWAY0=10.10.10.1</pre><div class="para">
The next time you boot the system, the service will <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be started. For information on how to stop the service immediately, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-services-running-stopping">Section 7.2.3, “Stopping the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="exam-services-configuration-disabling"><h6>Example 7.2. Disabling the telnet service</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
In order to secure the system, users are advised to disable insecure connection protocols such as Telnet. You can make sure that the <code class="systemitem">telnet</code> service is disabled by running the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable telnet.service</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id630405" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id630423" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl disable telnet.service</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1605241" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1605259" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility also allows you to determine the status of a particular service, as well as to start, stop, or restart a service.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the service utility</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>service</strong></span> utility to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
@@ -2413,13 +2422,13 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
<code class="literal">systemctl</code>(1) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-services-additional-resources-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-services-additional-resources-books">7.3.2. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A guide to securing Fedora. It contains valuable information on how to set up the firewall, as well as the configuration of <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_Authentication" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. Configuring Authentication</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></spa
n></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_
User_Guide-Troubleshooting">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1105381" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1105367" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_Authentication" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. Configuring Authentication</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></spa
n></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#chap-SSSD_
User_Guide-Troubleshooting">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id970208" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id970194" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When a user logs in to a Fedora system, the username and password combination must be verified, or <em class="firstterm">authenticated</em>, as a valid and active user. Sometimes the information to verify the user is located on the local system, and other times the system defers the authentication to a user database on a remote system.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration Tool</strong></span> provides a graphical interface for configuring user information retrieval from <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</em> (LDAP), <em class="firstterm"> Network Information Service</em> (NIS), and <em class="firstterm">Winbind</em> user account databases. This tool also allows you to configure Kerberos to be used as the authentication protocol when using LDAP or NIS.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using a high or medium security level</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you configured a medium or high security level during installation (or with the <span class="application"><strong>Security Level Configuration Tool</strong></span>), then the firewall will prevent NIS authentication. For more information about firewalls, refer to the <em class="citetitle">"Firewalls"</em> section of the Fedora <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em>.
- </div></div></div><a id="id586488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586465" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id843251" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id843229" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the graphical version of the <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration</strong></span> tool from the desktop, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Authentication</strong></span> form the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu or type the command <code class="command">system-config-authentication</code> at a shell prompt (for example, in an <span class="application"><strong>XTerm</strong></span> or a <span class="application"><strong>GNOME</strong></span> terminal).
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Your changes are immediately applied</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
After exiting the authentication program, any changes you made take effect immediately.
@@ -2427,7 +2436,7 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Identity & Authentication</strong></span> tab allows you to configure how users should be authenticated, and has several options for each method of authentication. To select which user account database should be used, select an option from the drop-down list.
</div><div class="figure"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="images/authconfig_LDAP_kerb.png" align="middle" alt="Identity & Authentication; changing the option in the User Account Database drop-down list changes the contents of the tab" /></div></div><h6>Figure 8.1. Identity & Authentication; changing the option in the User Account Database drop-down list changes the contents of the tab</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The following list explains what each option configures:
- </div><h4 id="id581169">LDAP</h4><a id="id779880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="id703812">LDAP</h4><a id="id703821" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>LDAP</strong></span> option instructs the system to retrieve user information via LDAP. It contains the following specifications:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>LDAP Search Base DN</strong></span> — Specifies that user information should be retrieved using the listed Distinguished Name (DN).
@@ -2445,7 +2454,7 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
For more information about LDAP, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 14.1, “OpenLDAP”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
LDAP provides the following methods of authentication:
- </div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id889650" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id1014099" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Kerberos password</strong></span> — This option enables Kerberos authentication. It contains the following specifications:
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Realm</strong></span> — Configures the realm for the Kerberos server. The realm is the network that uses Kerberos, composed of one or more KDCs and a potentially large number of clients.
@@ -2463,7 +2472,7 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
<span class="guilabel"><strong>LDAP password</strong></span> — This option instructs standard PAM-enabled applications to use LDAP authentication with options specified in the User Account Configuration of LDAP. When using this option, you must provide an <code class="systemitem">ldaps://</code> server address or use TLS for LDAP authentication.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Setting up the SSSD service</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The SSSD service is used as a client for LDAP and Kerberos servers. Thus, offline login is enabled and supported by default. No user interaction is needed to set up the SSSD service with the <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration Tool</strong></span>. For more information about the SSSD service, refer to <a class="xref" href="#chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction">Section 8.2, “The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)”</a>
- </div></div></div><h4 id="id889611">NIS</h4><a id="id521920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="id1014062">NIS</h4><a id="id1014050" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>NIS</strong></span> option configures the system to connect to a NIS server (as an NIS client) for user and password authentication. To configure this option, specify the NIS domain and NIS server. If the NIS server is not specified, the daemon attempts to find it via broadcast.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="package">ypbind</span> package must be installed for this option to work. If the NIS user account database is used, the <code class="systemitem">portmap</code> and <code class="systemitem">ypbind</code> services are started and are also enabled to start at boot time.
@@ -2474,9 +2483,9 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Kerberos password</strong></span> — This option enables Kerberos authentication. For more information about configuration of the Kerberos authentication method, refer to the previous section on LDAP.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id470360" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id615230" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="guilabel"><strong>NIS password</strong></span> — This option enables NIS authentication. NIS can provide authentication information to outside processes to authenticate users.
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id470334">Winbind</h4><a id="id470330" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id1041338">Winbind</h4><a id="id1041334" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Winbind</strong></span> option configures the system to connect to a Windows Active Directory or a Windows domain controller. User information from the specified directory or domain controller can then be accessed, and server authentication options can be configured. It contains the following specifications:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Winbind Domain</strong></span> — Specifies the Windows Active Directory or domain controller to connect to.
@@ -2502,19 +2511,19 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Allow offline login</strong></span> — By checking this option, you allow authentication information to be stored in a local cache (provided by SSSD). This information is then used when a user attempts to authenticate while offline.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For more information about the <code class="command">winbindd</code> service, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-samba-daemons">Section 15.1.2, “Samba Daemons and Related Services”</a>.
- </div><a id="id633500" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id632067" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Winbind provides only one method of authentication, <span class="guilabel"><strong>Winbind password</strong></span>. This method of authentication uses the options specified in the User Account Configuration of Winbind to connect to a Windows Active Directory or a Windows domain controller.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
This tab allows you to configure advanced options, as listed below.
- </div><div class="figure"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="images/authconfig_advanced.png" align="middle" width="444" alt="Advanced Options" /></div></div><h6>Figure 8.2. Advanced Options</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><h4 id="id494964">Local Authentication Options</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id494958" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="figure"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="images/authconfig_advanced.png" align="middle" width="444" alt="Advanced Options" /></div></div><h6>Figure 8.2. Advanced Options</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><h4 id="id1025340">Local Authentication Options</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id1025330" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable fingerprint reader support</strong></span> — By checking this option, you enable fingerprint authentication to log in by scanning your finger with the fingerprint reader.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable local access control</strong></span> — When enabled, <code class="filename">/etc/security/access.conf</code> is consulted for authorization of a user.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Password Hashing Algorithm</strong></span> — This option lets you specify which hashing or cryptographic algorithm should be used to encrypt locally stored passwords.
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id569921">Other Authentication Options</h4><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id766514">Other Authentication Options</h4><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Create home directories on the first login</strong></span> — When enabled, the user's home directory is automatically created when they log in if it does not already exist.
- </div><h4 id="id569942">Smart Card Authentication Options</h4><a id="id569938" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="id766497">Smart Card Authentication Options</h4><a id="id766492" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable smart card support</strong></span> — This option enables smart card authentication. Smart card authentication allows you to log in using a certificate and a key associated with a smart card.
</div><div class="para">
When the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable smart card support</strong></span> option is checked, the following options can be specified:
@@ -2536,7 +2545,7 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
You can restore all of the options specified in the <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration Tool</strong></span> to the previous configuration setup by clicking <span class="guibutton"><strong>Revert</strong></span>.
</div></div></div>
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1023936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</h3></div></div></div><a id="id969877" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration</strong></span> tool also supports a command line interface. The command line version can be used in a configuration script or a kickstart script. The authentication options are summarized in <a class="xref" href="#tb-authconfig-cmd-line">Table 8.1, “Command line options”</a>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Getting the list of supported authentication options</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
These options can also be found in the <code class="command">authconfig</code> man page or by typing <code class="command">authconfig --help</code> at the shell prompt.
@@ -2846,13 +2855,13 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
SSSD can cache remote identities and authentication credentials. This means that you can still authenticate with these remote identities even when a machine is offline. In an SSSD system, you only need to manage one account.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Server_Load_Reduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Server_Load_Reduction">8.2.2.2. Server Load Reduction</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The use of SSSD also helps to reduce the load on identification servers. For example, using <span class="package">nss_ldap</span>, every client application that needs to request user information opens its own connection to the LDAP server. Managing these multiple connections can lead to a heavy load on the LDAP server. In an SSSD system, only the SSSD Data Provider process actually communicates with the LDAP server, reducing the load to one connection per client system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">8.2.2.3. Support for Multiple Domains</h4></div></div></div><a id="id978873" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">8.2.2.3. Support for Multiple Domains</h4></div></div></div><a id="id686490" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use SSSD to specify multiple domains of the same type. Compare this to an <code class="filename">nsswitch.conf</code> file configuration, with which you can only request user information from a single server of any particular type (LDAP, NIS, etc.). With SSSD, you can create multiple domains of the same, or of different types of identity provider.
</div><div class="para">
Beginning with version 0.6.0, SSSD maintains a separate database file for each domain. This means that each domain has its own cache, and in the event that problems occur and maintenance is necessary, it is very easy to purge the cache for a single domain, by stopping <code class="systemitem">sssd</code> and deleting the corresponding cache file. These cache files are stored in the <code class="filename">/var/lib/sss/db/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
All cache files are named according to the domain that they represent, for example <code class="filename">cache_<em class="replaceable"><code>DOMAINNAME</code></em>.ldb</code>.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id720910">Considerations Associated with Deleting Cache Files</h5><a id="id720905" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id686439">Considerations Associated with Deleting Cache Files</h5><a id="id686430" class="indexterm"></a>
Deleting a domain's cache file can have some unexpected side effects. You should be aware of the following before you proceed:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Deleting the cache file also deletes all user data (both identification and cached credentials). Consequently, you should not proceed unless you are online and can authenticate with your username against the domain's servers, because offline authentication will fail.
@@ -2860,15 +2869,15 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
If you are online and change your configuration to reference a different identity provider, SSSD will recognize users from both providers until the cached entries from the original provider time out.
</div><div class="para">
To avoid this situation, you can either purge the cache or use a different domain name for the new provider (this is the recommended practice). Changing the domain name means that when you restart SSSD it will create a new cache file (with the new name) and the old file will be ignored.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id720845">8.2.2.4. Support for LDAP Referrals</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id582345">8.2.2.4. Support for LDAP Referrals</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD supports two types of LDAP referrals: object-level referrals and subtree referrals. These referral types and the extent of SSSD support is outlined below.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id720843">8.2.2.4.1. Object-level Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id582335">8.2.2.4.1. Object-level Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD provides full support for object-level referrals within the same LDAP server, correctly handling any differences in the distinguished name (DN) that might exist as part of the LDAP server referral configuration.
</div><div class="para">
SSSD provides partial support for object-level referrals between different LDAP servers, and requires that the full DN of an LDAP request be identical on each server. SSSD does not support referrals to different DN paths on other servers.
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id751764">8.2.2.4.2. Subtree Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id582316">8.2.2.4.2. Subtree Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD provides a similar level of support for subtree referrals as it does for object-level referrals. That is, it supports referrals to a changed DN on the local system or to an identical DN on a remote system. The difference with subtree referrals, however, is the ability to set up identical subtrees on each LDAP server and to then configure referrals between these subtrees.
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id751773">8.2.2.4.3. Enabling LDAP Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id582307">8.2.2.4.3. Enabling LDAP Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
To take advantage of the SSSD LDAP referral functionality, you need to set the <code class="option">ldap_referrals</code> option to <code class="literal">TRUE</code> in the LDAP domain configuration section of the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file. This will enable anonymous access to the second LDAP server.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure SSSD is compiled with OpenLDAP version 2.4.13 or later</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
SSSD only supports LDAP referrals when it is compiled with OpenLDAP version 2.4.13 or later.
@@ -2878,11 +2887,11 @@ atd.service loaded active running Job spooling tools
SSSD also provides a <code class="option">filter_users</code> option, which you can use to exclude certain users from being fetched from the database. Refer to the <em class="citetitle">sssd.conf(5)</em> manual page for full details about this option.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Integration_with_IPA"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Integration_with_IPA">8.2.2.6. Integration with IPA</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Beyond the offline authentication, multiple domain management and other features already described, SSSD is also designed to integrate with and enhance the functionality of IPA clients. In an environment with the latest version of IPA installed, SSSD provides additional functionality, including support for dynamic DNS updates, host-based access control, and password migration from an LDAP-only environment into the LDAP/Kerberos 5 environment employed by IPA.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id568385">8.2.2.6.1. Support for Dynamic DNS Updates</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id595180">8.2.2.6.1. Support for Dynamic DNS Updates</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
Because the IP address of IPA clients can change, SSSD provides the ability to dynamically update the client's DNS entry on the IPA server. Using a combination of Kerberos and GSS-TSIG (Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret Key Transaction), IPA can determine the identity of the host machine, authenticate it, and allow that machine to edit its own DNS record. These changes are then stored in the LDAP back end.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Each IPA client can only edit its own DNS record</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Using this authentication system means that each IPA client can only edit its own DNS record; it cannot edit the DNS record of any other client.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id970616">Setting up Dynamic DNS Updates</h5>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id595141">Setting up Dynamic DNS Updates</h5>
The SSSD configuration file provides two options used for setting up dynamic DNS updates: <code class="option">ipa_dyndns_update</code>, used to enable dynamic DNS updates; and <code class="option">ipa_dyndns_iface</code>, which specifies the interface whose IP address should be used for dynamic DNS updates.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to the <em class="citetitle">sssd-ipa</em> manual page for more information about these options, and how to configure dynamic DNS updates.
@@ -2975,7 +2984,7 @@ session required pam_limits.so
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session sufficient pam_sss.so
session required pam_unix.so
-</pre><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id578364">8.2.3.2.2.1. Using Custom Home Directories with SSSD</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
+</pre><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id963879">8.2.3.2.2.1. Using Custom Home Directories with SSSD</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
If your LDAP users have home directories that are not in <code class="filename">/home</code>, and if your system is configured to create home directories the first time your users log in, then these directories will be created with the wrong permissions. For example, instead of a typical home directory such as <code class="filename">/home/<username></code>, your users might have home directories that include their locale, such as <code class="filename">/home/<locale>/<username></code>. If this is true for your system, the following steps need to be taken (preemptively):
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Apply the correct SELinux context and permissions from the <code class="filename">/home</code> directory to the home directory that you use on your system. In the example above, the following command would achieve this result (replace the directory names with those that apply to your system):
@@ -3000,11 +3009,11 @@ session optional pam_console.so
...
</pre><div class="para">
In the preceding example, if a <em class="parameter"><code>sufficient</code></em> condition from <code class="filename">system-auth</code> returns <span class="returnvalue">PAM_SUCCESS</span>, <code class="filename">pam_console.so</code> will not be executed.
- </div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id741432">8.2.3.2.3. Configuring Access Control</h5></div></div></div><a id="id899618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id512514">8.2.3.2.3. Configuring Access Control</h5></div></div></div><a id="id696627" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSSD provides a rudimentary access control mechanism, offering two solutions based on the value of the <code class="option">access_provider</code> option in the <code class="literal">[domain/<<em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em>>]</code> section in the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id622175">8.2.3.2.3.1. The Simple Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id805164">8.2.3.2.3.1. The Simple Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
The first of these solutions is known as the <em class="firstterm">Simple Access Provider</em>, and is based on the implementation of access or deny lists of usernames. To enable the Simple Access Provider, you need to set the <code class="option">access_provider</code> option to <code class="literal">simple</code>, and then add usernames as a comma-separated list to either the <code class="option">simple_allow_users</code> or <code class="option">simple_deny_users</code> options.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id436291">Using the Simple Access Provider</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id587915">Using the Simple Access Provider</h5>
By using the Simple Access Provider, you can continue to support a number of network logins to maintain common network accounts on company or department laptops, but you might want to restrict the use of a particular laptop to one or two users. This means that even if a different user authenticated successfully against the same authentication provider, the Simple Access Provider would prevent that user from gaining access.
</div><div class="para">
The following example demonstrates the use of the Simple Access Provider to grant access to two users. This example assumes that SSSD is correctly configured and <code class="systemitem">example.com</code> is one of the domains specified in the <code class="literal">[sssd]</code> section, and only shows the Simple Access Provider-specific options.
@@ -3012,7 +3021,7 @@ session optional pam_console.so
access_provider = simple
simple_allow_users = user1, user2</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the Local ID provider</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The Local ID provider does not support <code class="option">simple</code> as an access provider.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id800745">Access Control Rules</h5><a id="id1110477" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id1495498">Access Control Rules</h5><a id="id731604" class="indexterm"></a>
The Simple Access Provider adheres to the following three rules to determine which users should or should not be granted access:
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
If both lists are empty, access is granted.
@@ -3025,9 +3034,9 @@ simple_allow_users = user1, user2</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_
Defining both <code class="option">simple_allow_users</code> and <code class="option">simple_deny_users</code> is a configuration error. If this occurs, SSSD will output an error to the <code class="filename">/var/log/sssd/sssd_default.log</code> log file when loading the back end, but continue to start normally. Future versions of SSSD will output an error and fail to start.
</div></div></div>
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id1296086">8.2.3.2.3.2. The LDAP Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id594889">8.2.3.2.3.2. The LDAP Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
The second access control solution uses the LDAP server itself as the access provider (<code class="option">access_provider=ldap</code>) and the associated filter option (<code class="option">ldap_access_filter</code>) to specify which users are granted access to the specified host. Note that these two options are codependent; if you use LDAP as your access provider then you must specify a value for the <code class="option">ldap_access_filter</code> option, otherwise all users will be denied access. If you are not using LDAP as your access provider, then the <code class="option">ldap_access_filter</code> option has no effect.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id602735">Using the LDAP Access Provider</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id1010858">Using the LDAP Access Provider</h5>
The following example demonstrates the use of the LDAP Access Provider to grant access to members of the "allowedusers" group in LDAP. This example assumes that SSSD is correctly configured and <code class="systemitem">example.com</code> is one of the domains specified in the <code class="literal">[sssd]</code> section, and only shows the LDAP Access Provider-specific options.
</div><pre class="screen">[domain/example.com]
access_provider = ldap
@@ -3256,7 +3265,7 @@ ipauser01:x:937315651:937315651:ipauser01:/home/ipauser01:/bin/sh
This option is only used when the <code class="option">id_provider</code> option is set to <code class="literal">proxy</code>, and specifies which existing NSS library to proxy identity requests through.
</div><div class="para">
This option has no default value. You need to manually specify an existing library to take advantage of this option. For example, set this value to <code class="literal">nis</code> to use the existing <code class="filename">libnss_nis.so</code> file.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">8.2.5.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id480088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">8.2.5.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id741896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An LDAP domain is one where the <code class="option">id_provider</code> option is set to <code class="literal">ldap</code> (<code class="option">id_provider = ldap</code>). Such a domain requires a running LDAP server against which to authenticate. This can be an open source LDAP server such as OpenLDAP or Microsoft Active Directory. SSSD currently supports Microsoft Active Directory 2003 (+Services for UNIX) and Active Directory 2008 (+Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications). In all cases, the client configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-How_to_Authenticate_Against_an_LDAP_Server"><h5 class="formalpara">How to Authenticate Against an LDAP Server</h5>
SSSD does not support authentication over an unencrypted channel. Consequently, if you want to authenticate against an LDAP server, either <code class="systemitem">TLS/SSL</code> or <code class="systemitem">LDAPS</code> is required. If the LDAP server is used only as an identity provider, an encrypted channel is not needed.
@@ -3312,7 +3321,7 @@ ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
When creating a certificate through the <span class="application"><strong>certutil</strong></span> utility provided by the <span class="package">nss-utils</span> package, note that <span class="application"><strong>certutil</strong></span> supports <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> subject alternative names for certificate creation only.
</div><div class="para">
It is advisable to use a Certificate Authority to issue your certificate. Consider using the Red Hat Certificate System; for more information on managing subject names and subject alternative names in your certificate, refer to the <a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Certificate_System/8.0/html/Admin_Guide/Managing_Subject_Names_and_Subject_Alternative_Names.html">Red Hat Certificate System Admin Guide</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Selecting_an_LDAP_Schema"><h5 class="formalpara">Selecting an LDAP Schema</h5><a id="id788689" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Selecting_an_LDAP_Schema"><h5 class="formalpara">Selecting an LDAP Schema</h5><a id="id611979" class="indexterm"></a>
You can set the <em class="parameter"><code>ldap_schema</code></em> attribute to either <code class="literal">rfc2307</code> or <code class="literal">rfc2307bis</code>. These schema define how groups in <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> are specified. In <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307</em>, group objects use a multi-valued attribute, <em class="parameter"><code>memberuid</code></em>, which lists the names of the users that belong to that group. In <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307bis</em>, instead of the <em class="parameter"><code>memberuid</code></em>, group objects use the <em class="parameter"><code>member</code></em> attribute. Rather than just the name of the user, this attribute contains the full Distinguished Name (DN) of another object in the LDAP database. This means that groups can have other groups as members. That is, it adds support for nested groups.
</div><div class="para">
SSSD assumes that your LDAP server is using <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307</em>. If your LDAP server is using <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307bis</em>, and you do not update the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file accordingly, this can impact how your users and groups are displayed. It also means that some groups will not be available and network resources may be inaccessible even though you have permissions to use them.
@@ -3324,7 +3333,7 @@ uid=500(f12server) gid=500(f12server) groups=500(f12server),510(f12tester)
If instead you have configured your client to use <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307</em> then only the primary group is displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Changes to this setting only affect how SSSD determines the groups to which a user belongs; there is no negative effect on the actual user data. If you do not know the correct value for this attribute, consult your System Administrator.
- </div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Specifying_Timeout_Values"><h5 class="formalpara">Specifying Timeout Values</h5><a id="id690981" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Specifying_Timeout_Values"><h5 class="formalpara">Specifying Timeout Values</h5><a id="id1066746" class="indexterm"></a>
SSSD supports a number of timeout values that apply when configuring an <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> domain. These are described below.
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">ldap_search_timeout (integer)</code> — Specifies the timeout (in seconds) that <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> searches are allowed to run before they are canceled and cached results are returned (and offline mode is entered). If not specified:
@@ -3346,9 +3355,9 @@ uid=500(f12server) gid=500(f12server) groups=500(f12server),510(f12tester)
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>DNS Service Discovery</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> service discovery feature allows the LDAP back end to automatically find the appropriate <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> servers to connect to using a special <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> query. For more information on the <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> service discovery feature, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_Failover-Using_SRV_Records_with_Failover">Section 8.2.3.2.4.1, “Using SRV Records with Failover”</a>.
- </div></div></div><h5 id="id859802"></h5><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h5 id="id634192"></h5><div class="para">
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">8.2.5.3. Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id565409" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">8.2.5.3. Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id612131" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can configure SSSD to use Microsoft Active Directory as an LDAP back end, providing both identity and authentication services. If you are using Active Directory 2003, SSSD requires that you install Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) on the machine where Active Directory is installed. If instead you are using Active Directory 2008, you need to install the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA) on the Active Directory machine.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>SFU is not supported on 64-bit systems</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
SFU is not supported on 64-bit operating systems. Refer to <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751">http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751</a> for more information about which Windows systems can provide a suitable platform for an SSSD LDAP back end.
@@ -3382,7 +3391,7 @@ ldap_group_gid_number = msSFU30GidNumber</pre><div class="para">
This configuration is specific to Windows Active Directory 2003. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain-Configuring_AD_2008">Section 8.2.5.3.2, “Configuring Active Directory 2003 R2 and 2008 as LDAP Back Ends”</a> for information on how to configure Active Directory 2003 R2 and Active Directory 2008.
</div><div class="para">
Note that the above configuration assumes that the certificates are stored in the default location (that is, in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/cacerts</code>) and that the <code class="function">c_rehash</code> function has been used to create the appropriate symlinks.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id513945">More Information</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id558900">More Information</h5>
Refer to the <em class="citetitle">sssd-ldap(5)</em> manual page for a full description of all the options that apply to <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> domains.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain-Configuring_AD_2008"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain-Configuring_AD_2008">8.2.5.3.2. Configuring Active Directory 2003 R2 and 2008 as LDAP Back Ends</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
The configuration of <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> to support Active Directory 2003 R2 or Active Directory 2008 as a back end is similar to that for AD 2003. The following example configuration highlights the necessary changes.
@@ -3408,7 +3417,7 @@ ldap_pwd_policy = none
ldap_user_object_class = user
ldap_group_object_class = group</pre><div class="para">
Note that the above configuration assumes that the certificates are stored in the default location (that is, in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/cacerts</code>) and that the <code class="function">c_rehash</code> function has been used to create the appropriate symlinks.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id649702" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id805139" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to set up Kerberos authentication, you need to know the address of your <em class="firstterm">key distribution center</em> (KDC) and the Kerberos domain. The client configuration is then stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The Kerberos 5 authentication back end does not contain an identity provider and must be paired with one in order to function properly (for example, <code class="option">id_provider = ldap</code>). Some information required by the Kerberos 5 authentication back end must be supplied by the identity provider, such as the user's <em class="firstterm">Kerberos Principal Name</em> (UPN). The identity provider configuration should contain an entry to specify this UPN. Refer to the manual page for the applicable identity provider for details on how to configure the UPN.
@@ -3481,7 +3490,7 @@ ldap_krb5_keytab = /etc/krb5.keytab (default)
ldap_krb5_init_creds = true (default)
ldap_krb5_ticket_lifetime = 86400 (default)
krb5_realm = EXAMPLE.COM
-</pre></li></ol></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</h3></div></div></div><a id="id657572" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></li></ol></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</h3></div></div></div><a id="id925935" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSSD currently only supports LDAP and Kerberos as authentication providers. If you prefer to use SSSD (for example, to take advantage of its caching functionality), but SSSD does not support your authentication method, you can set up a proxy authentication provider. This could be the case if you use fingerprint scanners or smart cards as part of your authentication process. Similarly, you can set up proxy to serve as an identity provider.
</div><div class="para">
The following sections cover combinations of identity and authentication providers in which the proxy server takes the role of one.
@@ -3632,7 +3641,7 @@ Reenter new Password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
</pre><div class="para">
This is the result of an incorrect PAM configuration. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_SSSD-Configuring_PAM">Section 8.2.3.2.2, “Configuring PAM”</a>, and ensure that the <em class="parameter"><code>use_authtok</code></em> option is correctly configured in your <code class="filename">/etc/pam.d/system-auth</code> file.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id1329716">8.2.8.3.3. Problems with NFS and NSCD</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id585122">8.2.8.3.3. Problems with NFS and NSCD</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD is not designed to be used with the <code class="systemitem">nscd</code> daemon, and will likely generate warnings in the SSSD log files. Even though SSSD does not directly conflict with <code class="systemitem">nscd</code>, the use of both at the same time can result in unexpected behavior (specifically with how long entries are being cached).
</div><div class="para">
If you are using Network Manager to manage your network connections, it may take several minutes for the network interface to come up. During this time, various services will attempt to start. If these services start before the network is up (that is, the DNS servers cannot yet be reached) they will fail to identify the forward or reverse DNS entries they might need. These services will be reading an incorrect or possibly empty <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file. This file is typically only read once, and so any changes made to this file are not automatically applied.
@@ -3731,13 +3740,13 @@ id_provider = proxy
proxy_lib = nis
auth_provider = proxy
proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
-</pre></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an Op
enSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-useful-websites">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1330834" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an Op
enSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-openssh-useful-websites">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id803799" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">SSH</code> (Secure Shell) is a protocol which facilitates secure communications between two systems using a client/server architecture and allows users to log into server host systems remotely. Unlike other remote communication protocols, such as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> or <code class="systemitem">Telnet</code>, SSH encrypts the login session, rendering the connection difficult for intruders to collect unencrypted passwords.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> program is designed to replace older, less secure terminal applications used to log into remote hosts, such as <code class="command">telnet</code> or <code class="command">rsh</code>. A related program called <code class="command">scp</code> replaces older programs designed to copy files between hosts, such as <code class="command">rcp</code>. Because these older applications do not encrypt passwords transmitted between the client and the server, avoid them whenever possible. Using secure methods to log into remote systems decreases the risks for both the client system and the remote host.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora includes the general OpenSSH package (<span class="package">openssh</span>) as well as the OpenSSH server (<span class="package">openssh-server</span>) and client (<span class="package">openssh-clients</span>) packages. Note that the OpenSSH packages require the OpenSSL package (<span class="package">openssl</span>), which installs several important cryptographic libraries, enabling OpenSSH to provide encrypted communications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="id431242" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="id965203" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Potential intruders have a variety of tools at their disposal enabling them to disrupt, intercept, and re-route network traffic in an effort to gain access to a system. In general terms, these threats can be categorized as follows:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Interception of communication between two systems</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The attacker can be somewhere on the network between the communicating parties, copying any information passed between them. He may intercept and keep the information, or alter the information and send it on to the intended recipient.
@@ -3749,7 +3758,7 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
This attack can be performed using a technique known as <em class="firstterm">DNS poisoning</em>, or via so-called <em class="firstterm">IP spoofing</em>. In the first case, the intruder uses a cracked DNS server to point client systems to a maliciously duplicated host. In the second case, the intruder sends falsified network packets that appear to be from a trusted host.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Both techniques intercept potentially sensitive information and, if the interception is made for hostile reasons, the results can be disastrous. If SSH is used for remote shell login and file copying, these security threats can be greatly diminished. This is because the SSH client and server use digital signatures to verify their identity. Additionally, all communication between the client and server systems is encrypted. Attempts to spoof the identity of either side of a communication does not work, since each packet is encrypted using a key known only by the local and remote systems.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1353399" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1353411" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id633327" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id633339" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The SSH protocol provides the following safeguards:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">No one can pose as the intended server</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
After an initial connection, the client can verify that it is connecting to the same server it had connected to previously.
@@ -3767,11 +3776,11 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
The OpenSSH server and client can be configured to create a tunnel similar to a virtual private network for traffic between server and client machines.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">It supports the Kerberos authentication</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
OpenSSH servers and clients can be configured to authenticate using the <acronym class="acronym">GSSAPI</acronym> (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface) implementation of the Kerberos network authentication protocol.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="id686939" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686951" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="id714035" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id714047" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Two varieties of SSH currently exist: version 1, and newer version 2. The OpenSSH suite under Fedora uses SSH version 2, which has an enhanced key exchange algorithm not vulnerable to the known exploit in version 1. However, for compatibility reasons, the OpenSSH suite does support version 1 connections as well.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using SSH version 1</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To ensure maximum security for your connection, it is recommended that only SSH version 2-compatible servers and clients are used whenever possible.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="id636964" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="id861668" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following series of events help protect the integrity of SSH communication between two hosts.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A cryptographic handshake is made so that the client can verify that it is communicating with the correct server.
@@ -3781,7 +3790,7 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
The client authenticates itself to the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The remote client interacts with the remote host over the encrypted connection.
- </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">9.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="id640040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">9.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1035152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary role of the transport layer is to facilitate safe and secure communication between the two hosts at the time of authentication and during subsequent communication. The transport layer accomplishes this by handling the encryption and decryption of data, and by providing integrity protection of data packets as they are sent and received. The transport layer also provides compression, speeding the transfer of information.
</div><div class="para">
Once an SSH client contacts a server, key information is exchanged so that the two systems can correctly construct the transport layer. The following steps occur during this exchange:
@@ -3803,12 +3812,12 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
SSH is designed to work with almost any kind of public key algorithm or encoding format. After an initial key exchange creates a hash value used for exchanges and a shared secret value, the two systems immediately begin calculating new keys and algorithms to protect authentication and future data sent over the connection.
</div><div class="para">
After a certain amount of data has been transmitted using a given key and algorithm (the exact amount depends on the SSH implementation), another key exchange occurs, generating another set of hash values and a new shared secret value. Even if an attacker is able to determine the hash and shared secret value, this information is only useful for a limited period of time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">9.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="id870094" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">9.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1032026" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Once the transport layer has constructed a secure tunnel to pass information between the two systems, the server tells the client the different authentication methods supported, such as using a private key-encoded signature or typing a password. The client then tries to authenticate itself to the server using one of these supported methods.
</div><div class="para">
SSH servers and clients can be configured to allow different types of authentication, which gives each side the optimal amount of control. The server can decide which encryption methods it supports based on its security model, and the client can choose the order of authentication methods to attempt from the available options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection">9.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="id621354" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><sup>[<a id="id467006" href="#ftn.id467006" class="footnote">2</a>]</sup>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection">9.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="id502428" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><sup>[<a id="id631744" href="#ftn.id631744" class="footnote">2</a>]</sup>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
</div><div class="para">
Both clients and servers can create a new channel. Each channel is then assigned a different number on each end of the connection. When the client attempts to open a new channel, the clients sends the channel number along with the request. This information is stored by the server and is used to direct communication to that channel. This is done so that different types of sessions do not affect one another and so that when a given session ends, its channel can be closed without disrupting the primary SSH connection.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -3817,9 +3826,9 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
The client and server negotiate the characteristics of each channel automatically, depending on the type of service the client requests and the way the user is connected to the network. This allows great flexibility in handling different types of remote connections without having to change the basic infrastructure of the protocol.
</div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to perform tasks described in this section, you must have superuser privileges. To obtain them, log in as <code class="systemitem">root</code> by typing:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id607908" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1027939" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are two different sets of configuration files: those for client programs (that is, <code class="command">ssh</code>, <code class="command">scp</code>, and <code class="command">sftp</code>), and those for the server (the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon).
- </div><a id="id469110" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id907021" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System-wide SSH configuration information is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/</code> directory. See <a class="xref" href="#table-ssh-configuration-configs-system">Table 9.1, “System-wide configuration files”</a> for a description of its content.
</div><div class="table" id="table-ssh-configuration-configs-system"><h6>Table 9.1. System-wide configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="System-wide configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="filename" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Configuration File
@@ -3861,7 +3870,7 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
<code class="filename">/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub</code>
</td><td>
The RSA public key used by the <code class="command">sshd</code> for version 2 of the SSH protocol.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id1024995" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id603876" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User-specific SSH configuration information is stored in the user's home directory within the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> directory. See <a class="xref" href="#table-ssh-configuration-configs-user">Table 9.2, “User-specific configuration files”</a> for a description of its content.
</div><div class="table" id="table-ssh-configuration-configs-user"><h6>Table 9.2. User-specific configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="User-specific configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="filename" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Configuration File
@@ -3901,11 +3910,11 @@ proxy_auth_target = nis_pam_proxy
Contains DSA host keys of SSH servers accessed by the user. This file is very important for ensuring that the SSH client is connecting the correct SSH server.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Refer to the <code class="command">ssh_config</code> and <code class="command">sshd_config</code> man pages for information concerning the various directives available in the SSH configuration files.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id778406" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id519383" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To run an OpenSSH server, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-server</span> and <span class="package">openssh</span> packages installed. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><a id="id778441" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id1411631" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon, type the following at a shell prompt:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="id692662" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="id1411660" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop sshd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the daemon to start automatically at the boot time, type:
@@ -3920,7 +3929,7 @@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.</pre><div class="para">
To prevent this, you can back up the relevant files from the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/</code> directory (see <a class="xref" href="#table-ssh-configuration-configs-system">Table 9.1, “System-wide configuration files”</a> for a complete list), and restore them whenever you reinstall the system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="id531604" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id531616" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="id513534" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id513546" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For SSH to be truly effective, using insecure connection protocols should be prohibited. Otherwise, a user's password may be protected using SSH for one session, only to be captured later while logging in using Telnet. Some services to disable include <code class="command">telnet</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, <code class="command">rlogin</code>, and <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To make sure these services are not running, type the following commands at a shell prompt:
@@ -3934,7 +3943,7 @@ It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.</pre><div class
<code class="command">systemctl disable rlogin.service</code>
<code class="command">systemctl disable vsftpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id501603" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id874201" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To improve the system security even further, you can enforce the key-based authentication by disabling the standard password authentication. To do so, open the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> configuration file in a text editor, and change the <code class="option">PasswordAuthentication</code> option as follows:
</div><pre class="programlisting">PasswordAuthentication no</pre><div class="para">
To be able to use <code class="command">ssh</code>, <code class="command">scp</code>, or <code class="command">sftp</code> to connect to the server from a client machine, generate an authorization key pair by following the steps below. Note that keys must be generated for each user separately.
@@ -3944,9 +3953,9 @@ It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.</pre><div class
If you complete the steps as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, only <code class="systemitem">root</code> will be able to use the keys.
</div></div></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup your ~/.ssh/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you reinstall your system and want to keep previously generated key pair, backup the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> directory. After reinstalling, copy it back to your home directory. This process can be done for all users on your system, including <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">9.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id780528" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id780540" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">9.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id869721" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id869733" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an RSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="id619941" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id869752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t rsa</code>
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
@@ -3977,9 +3986,9 @@ The key's randomart image is:
Copy the content of <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> into the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> on the machine to which you want to connect, appending it to its end if the file already exists.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Change the permissions of the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file using the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id575876" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567843" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id1075176" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1075188" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate a DSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="id567863" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id688119" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate a DSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t dsa</code>
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
@@ -4010,9 +4019,9 @@ The key's randomart image is:
Copy the content of <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub</code> into the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> on the machine to which you want to connect, appending it to its end if the file already exists.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Change the permissions of the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file using the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id511977" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id511989" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id820891" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1042852" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an RSA key pair for version 1 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="id512008" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1042871" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t rsa1</code>
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
@@ -4047,14 +4056,14 @@ The key's randomart image is:
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Section 9.2.4.2, “Configuring ssh-agent”</a> for information on how to set up your system to remember the passphrase.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Never share your private key</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The private key is for your personal use only, and it is important that you never give it to anyone.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">9.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="id495773" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id495789" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id495801" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471802" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">9.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="id974780" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569634" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569646" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569662" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To store your passphrase so that you do not have to enter it each time you initiate a connection with a remote machine, you can use the <code class="command">ssh-agent</code> authentication agent. To save your passphrase for a certain shell prompt, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-add</code>
Enter passphrase for /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa:</pre><div class="para">
Note that when you log out, your passphrase will be forgotten. You must execute the command each time you log in to a virtual console or a terminal window.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="id471838" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="id642941" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To connect to an OpenSSH server from a client machine, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-clients</span> and <span class="package">openssh</span> packages installed. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id436444" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id491184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id968318" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id968334" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">ssh</code> allows you to log in to a remote machine and execute commands there. It is a secure replacement for the <code class="command">rlogin</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, and <code class="command">telnet</code> programs.
</div><div class="para">
Similarly to <code class="command">telnet</code>, to log in to a remote machine named <code class="systemitem">penguin.example.com</code>, type the following command at a shell prompt:
@@ -4077,7 +4086,7 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="important"><div class="adm
john at penguin.example.com's password:
john</pre><div class="para">
After you enter the correct password, the username will be displayed, and you will return to your local shell prompt.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id555119" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id555135" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id805272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id861857" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1182802" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1182822" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">scp</code> can be used to transfer files between machines over a secure, encrypted connection. In its design, it is very similar to <code class="command">rcp</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To transfer a local file to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
@@ -4097,7 +4106,7 @@ taglist.vim 100% 144KB 144.5KB/s 00:00</pre
For instance, to download the <code class="filename">.vimrc</code> configuration file from the remote machine, type:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">scp john at penguin.example.com:.vimrc .vimrc</code>
john at penguin.example.com's password:
-.vimrc 100% 2233 2.2KB/s 00:00</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id420218" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id420234" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+.vimrc 100% 2233 2.2KB/s 00:00</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id633444" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874679" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">sftp</code> utility can be used to open a secure, interactive FTP session. In its design, it is similar to <code class="command">ftp</code> except that it uses a secure, encrypted connection.
</div><div class="para">
To connect to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
@@ -4140,7 +4149,7 @@ sftp></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available commands, refer to the <code class="command">sftp</code> man page.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
A secure command line interface is just the beginning of the many ways SSH can be used. Given the proper amount of bandwidth, X11 sessions can be directed over an SSH channel. Or, by using TCP/IP forwarding, previously insecure port connections between systems can be mapped to specific SSH channels.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id532322" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id703567" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To open an X11 session over an SSH connection, use a command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ssh -Y <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For example, to log in to a remote machine named <code class="systemitem">penguin.example.com</code> with <code class="systemitem">john</code> as a username, type:
@@ -4151,7 +4160,7 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
X11 forwarding can be very useful. For example, X11 forwarding can be used to create a secure, interactive session of the <span class="application"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> utility. To do this, connect to the server using <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> and type:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">system-config-printer &</code></pre><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Printer Configuration Tool</strong></span> will appear, allowing the remote user to safely configure printing on the remote system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id606075" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1034513" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSH can secure otherwise insecure <code class="systemitem">TCP/IP</code> protocols via port forwarding. When using this technique, the SSH server becomes an encrypted conduit to the SSH client.
</div><div class="para">
Port forwarding works by mapping a local port on the client to a remote port on the server. SSH can map any port from the server to any port on the client. Port numbers do not need to match for this technique to work.
@@ -4173,7 +4182,7 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
Using port forwarding to forward connections in this manner allows any user on the client system to connect to that service. If the client system becomes compromised, the attacker also has access to forwarded services.
</div><div class="para">
System administrators concerned about port forwarding can disable this functionality on the server by specifying a <code class="option">No</code> parameter for the <code class="option">AllowTcpForwarding</code> line in <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> and restarting the <code class="command">sshd</code> service.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id667049" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id667061" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id602758" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The OpenSSH and OpenSSL projects are in constant development, and the most up-to-date information for them is available from their websites. The man pages for OpenSSH and OpenSSL tools are also good sources of detailed information.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-openssh-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man ssh</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> containing the full documentation on its usage.
@@ -4195,17 +4204,17 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
The OpenSSL home page containing further documentation, frequently asked questions, links to the mailing lists, and other useful resources.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.freesshd.com/">http://www.freesshd.com/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Another implementation of an SSH server.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id467006" href="#id467006" class="para">2</a>] </sup>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr width="100" align="left" /><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id631744" href="#id631744" class="para">2</a>] </sup>
A multiplexed connection consists of several signals being sent over a shared, common medium. With SSH, different channels are sent over a common secure connection.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id528304"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id692763"><div></div><div class="para">
This part discusses various topics related to servers such as how to set up a Web server or share files and directories over the network.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">10. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#lease-database">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id789642">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a
></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNS_Servers">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver<
/a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-features">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1.
The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></
dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional
Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Print
er">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl><
/dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DHCP_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. DHCP Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#lease-database">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id789642">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Ser
ver">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id740973" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580010" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">10. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#lease-database">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id1005177">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</
a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-DNS_Servers">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver
</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-features">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Web_Servers">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1.
The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><
/dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Mail_Servers">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href
="#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional
Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Directory_Servers">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-File_and_Print_Servers">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="secti
on"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Prin
ter">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl>
</dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DHCP_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. DHCP Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#lease-database">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#id1005177">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_S
erver">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id645181" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id608276" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (<acronym class="acronym">DHCP</acronym>) is a network protocol that automatically assigns TCP/IP information to client machines. Each DHCP client connects to the centrally located DHCP server, which returns that client's network configuration (including the IP address, gateway, and DNS servers).
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</h2></div></div></div><a id="id657752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1075762" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
DHCP is useful for automatic configuration of client network interfaces. When configuring the client system, the administrator chooses DHCP instead of specifying an IP address, netmask, gateway, or DNS servers. The client retrieves this information from the DHCP server. DHCP is also useful if an administrator wants to change the IP addresses of a large number of systems. Instead of reconfiguring all the systems, he can just edit one DHCP configuration file on the server for the new set of IP addresses. If the DNS servers for an organization changes, the changes are made on the DHCP server, not on the DHCP clients. When the administrator restarts the network or reboots the clients, the changes will go into effect.
</div><div class="para">
If an organization has a functional DHCP server properly connected to a network, laptops and other mobile computer users can move these devices from office to office.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id660246" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id633099" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">dhcp</code> package contains an ISC DHCP server. First, install the package as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install dhcp</code></pre><div class="para">
Installing the <code class="filename">dhcp</code> package creates a file, <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>, which is merely an empty configuration file:
@@ -4217,7 +4226,7 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
The sample configuration file can be found at <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/dhcp-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/dhcpd.conf.sample</code>. You should use this file to help you configure <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>, which is explained in detail below.
</div><div class="para">
DHCP also uses the file <code class="filename">/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases</code> to store the client lease database. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#lease-database">Section 10.2.2, “Lease Database”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="config-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id737968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="config-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id708525" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id708538" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The first step in configuring a DHCP server is to create the configuration file that stores the network information for the clients. Use this file to declare options and global options for client systems.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration file can contain extra tabs or blank lines for easier formatting. Keywords are case-insensitive and lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are considered comments.
@@ -4227,9 +4236,9 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
Parameters — State how to perform a task, whether to perform a task, or what network configuration options to send to the client.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Declarations — Describe the topology of the network, describe the clients, provide addresses for the clients, or apply a group of parameters to a group of declarations.
- </div></li></ul></div><a id="id644319" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><a id="id934653" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The parameters that start with the keyword option are referred to as <em class="firstterm">options</em>. These options control DHCP options; whereas, parameters configure values that are not optional or control how the DHCP server behaves.
- </div><a id="id644341" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id934676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Parameters (including options) declared before a section enclosed in curly brackets ({ }) are considered global parameters. Global parameters apply to all the sections below it.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Restart the DHCP daemon for the changes to take effect</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If the configuration file is changed, the changes do not take effect until the DHCP daemon is restarted. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -4237,7 +4246,7 @@ john at penguin.example.com's password:</pre><div class="para">
Instead of changing a DHCP configuration file and restarting the service each time, using the <code class="command">omshell</code> command provides an interactive way to connect to, query, and change the configuration of a DHCP server. By using <code class="command">omshell</code>, all changes can be made while the server is running. For more information on <code class="command">omshell</code>, refer to the <code class="command">omshell</code> man page.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="#subnet">Example 10.1, “Subnet declaration”</a>, the <code class="filename">routers</code>, <code class="filename">subnet-mask</code>, <code class="filename">domain-search</code>, <code class="filename">domain-name-servers</code>, and <code class="filename">time-offset</code> options are used for any <code class="filename">host</code> statements declared below it.
- </div><a id="id881115" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id563726" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Additionally, a <code class="filename">subnet</code> can be declared, a <code class="filename">subnet</code> declaration must be included for every subnet in the network. If it is not, the DHCP server fails to start.
</div><div class="para">
In this example, there are global options for every DHCP client in the subnet and a <code class="filename">range</code> declared. Clients are assigned an IP address within the <code class="filename">range</code>.
@@ -4267,7 +4276,7 @@ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option host-name "apex.example.com";
hardware ethernet 00:A0:78:8E:9E:AA;
fixed-address 192.168.1.4;
-}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id762362" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id880638" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
All subnets that share the same physical network should be declared within a <code class="filename">shared-network</code> declaration as shown in <a class="xref" href="#shared-network">Example 10.4, “Shared-network declaration”</a>. Parameters within the <code class="filename">shared-network</code>, but outside the enclosed <code class="filename">subnet</code> declarations, are considered to be global parameters. The name of the <code class="filename">shared-network</code> must be a descriptive title for the network, such as using the title 'test-lab' to describe all the subnets in a test lab environment.
</div><div class="example" id="shared-network"><h6>Example 10.4. Shared-network declaration</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">shared-network name {
option domain-search "test.redhat.com";
@@ -4282,7 +4291,7 @@ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
parameters for subnet
range 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.254;
}
-}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id588360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id496750" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As demonstrated in <a class="xref" href="#group">Example 10.5, “Group declaration”</a>, the <code class="filename">group</code> declaration is used to apply global parameters to a group of declarations. For example, shared networks, subnets, and hosts can be grouped.
</div><div class="example" id="group"><h6>Example 10.5. Group declaration</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">group {
option routers 192.168.1.254;
@@ -4314,7 +4323,7 @@ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
The lease database is recreated from time to time so that it is not too large. First, all known leases are saved in a temporary lease database. The <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> file is renamed <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases~</code> and the temporary lease database is written to <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The DHCP daemon could be killed or the system could crash after the lease database has been renamed to the backup file but before the new file has been written. If this happens, the <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> file does not exist, but it is required to start the service. Do not create a new lease file. If you do, all old leases are lost which causes many problems. The correct solution is to rename the <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases~</code> backup file to <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> and then start the daemon.
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id789642">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id789648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id789662" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id789675" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1339401" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Starting the DHCP server for the first time</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id1005177">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1005184" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1005197" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1005211" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id563522" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Starting the DHCP server for the first time</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When the DHCP server is started for the first time, it fails unless the <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> file exists. Use the command <code class="command">touch /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases</code> to create the file if it does not exist.
</div><div class="para">
If the same server is also running BIND as a DNS server, this step is not necessary, as starting the <code class="command">named</code> service automatically checks for a <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> file.
@@ -4326,7 +4335,7 @@ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
By default, the DHCP service does not start at boot time. To configure the daemon to start automatically at boot time, run:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable dhcpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div><a id="id479861" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id801435" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1070726" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1070740" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If more than one network interface is attached to the system, but the DHCP server should only be started on one of the interfaces, configure the DHCP server to start only on that device. In <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code>, add the name of the interface to the list of <code class="command">DHCPDARGS</code>:
</div><pre class="programlisting"># Command line options here
DHCPDARGS=eth0</pre><div class="para">
@@ -4345,7 +4354,7 @@ DHCPDARGS=eth0</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">-lf <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> </code> — Specifies the location of the lease database file. If a lease database file already exists, it is very important that the same file be used every time the DHCP server is started. It is strongly recommended that this option only be used for debugging purposes on non-production machines. The default location is <code class="filename">/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-q</code> — Do not print the entire copyright message when starting the daemon.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="dhcp-relay-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id789697" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id789711" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id789725" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="dhcp-relay-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1599598" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1599611" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id876860" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The DHCP Relay Agent (<code class="command">dhcrelay</code>) allows for the relay of DHCP and BOOTP requests from a subnet with no DHCP server on it to one or more DHCP servers on other subnets.
</div><div class="para">
When a DHCP client requests information, the DHCP Relay Agent forwards the request to the list of DHCP servers specified when the DHCP Relay Agent is started. When a DHCP server returns a reply, the reply is broadcast or unicast on the network that sent the original request.
@@ -4353,7 +4362,7 @@ DHCPDARGS=eth0</pre><div class="para">
The DHCP Relay Agent listens for DHCP requests on all interfaces unless the interfaces are specified in <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay</code> with the <code class="computeroutput">INTERFACES</code> directive.
</div><div class="para">
To start the DHCP Relay Agent, use the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start dhcrelay.service</code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</h2></div></div></div><a id="id618630" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618644" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start dhcrelay.service</code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1046324" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1046337" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure a DHCP client manually, modify the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code> file to enable networking and the configuration file for each network device in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts</code> directory. In this directory, each device should have a configuration file named <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code>, where <code class="filename">eth0</code> is the network device name.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</code> file should contain the following lines:
@@ -4373,7 +4382,7 @@ ONBOOT=yes</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">no</code> — Do not modify <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Advanced configurations</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
For advanced configurations of client DHCP options such as protocol timing, lease requirements and requests, dynamic DNS support, aliases, as well as a wide variety of values to override, prepend, or append to client-side configurations, refer to the <code class="command">dhclient</code> and <code class="command">dhclient.conf</code> man pages.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id719638" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id618496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A multihomed DHCP server serves multiple networks, that is, multiple subnets. The examples in these sections detail how to configure a DHCP server to serve multiple networks, select which network interfaces to listen on, and how to define network settings for systems that move networks.
</div><div class="para">
Before making any changes, back up the existing <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code> files.
@@ -4415,9 +4424,9 @@ dhcpd: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!</pre></dd><dt class="varliste
For further information, refer to the <code class="computeroutput">dhcpd.conf(5)</code> man page.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use alias interfaces</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Alias interfaces are not supported by DHCP. If an alias interface is the only interface, in the only subnet specified in <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>, the DHCP daemon fails to start.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id522756" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id950332" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before making any changes, back up the existing <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code> files.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id522781">Configuring a single system for multiple networks</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id950358">Configuring a single system for multiple networks</h5>
The following <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code> example creates two subnets, and configures an IP address for the same system, depending on which network it connects to:
</div><pre class="programlisting">default-lease-time <em class="replaceable"><code>600</code></em>;
max-lease-time <em class="replaceable"><code>7200</code></em>;
@@ -4454,7 +4463,7 @@ dhcpd: ^
dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 38: unexpected end of file
dhcpd:
dhcpd: ^
-dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id772249">Configuring systems with multiple network interfaces</h5>
+dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id1394868">Configuring systems with multiple network interfaces</h5>
The following <code class="computeroutput">host</code> declarations configure a single system, that has multiple network interfaces, so that each interface receives the same IP address. This configuration will not work if both network interfaces are connected to the same network at the same time:
</div><pre class="programlisting">host interface0 {
hardware ethernet 00:1a:6b:6a:2e:0b;
@@ -4478,7 +4487,7 @@ dhcpd: }
dhcpd: ^
dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="para">
This error was caused by having multiple <code class="computeroutput">host interface0</code> declarations defined in <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</h2></div></div></div><a id="id480051" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id480063" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</h2></div></div></div><a id="id796954" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id501137" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The ISC DHCP includes support for IPv6 (DHCPv6) since the 4.x release with a DHCPv6 server, client and relay agent functionality. The server, client and relay agents support both IPv4 and IPv6. However, the client and the server can only manage one protocol at a time — for dual support they must be started separately for IPv4 and IPv6.
</div><div class="para">
The DHCPv6 server configuration file can be found at <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf</code>.
@@ -4492,7 +4501,7 @@ dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="para">
range6 2001:db8:0:1::129 2001:db8:0:1::254;
option dhcp6.name-servers fec0:0:0:1::1;
option dhcp6.domain-search "domain.example";
-}</pre></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1109083" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+}</pre></div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id892250" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For additional information, refer to <em class="citetitle">The DHCP Handbook; Ralph Droms and Ted Lemon; 2003</em> or the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-dhcp-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dhcpd</code> man page — Describes how the DHCP daemon works.
@@ -4506,39 +4515,39 @@ dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="para">
<code class="filename">dhcrelay</code> man page — Explains the DHCP Relay Agent and its configuration options.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/dhcp-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/</code> — Contains sample files, README files, and release notes for current versions of the DHCP service.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNS_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. DNS Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-features">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id662558" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id863032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNS_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. DNS Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-features">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1013047" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1013104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">DNS</code> (Domain Name System), also known as a <em class="firstterm">nameserver</em>, is a network system that associates hostnames with their respective IP addresses. For users, this has the advantage that they can refer to machines on the network by names that are usually easier to remember than the numerical network addresses. For system administrators, using the nameserver allows them to change the IP address for a host without ever affecting the name-based queries, or to decide which machines handle these queries.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</h2></div></div></div><a id="id662580" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1013069" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
DNS is usually implemented using one or more centralized servers that are authoritative for certain domains. When a client host requests information from a nameserver, it usually connects to port 53. The nameserver then attempts to resolve the name requested. If it does not have an authoritative answer, or does not already have the answer cached from an earlier query, it queries other nameservers, called <em class="firstterm">root nameservers</em>, to determine which nameservers are authoritative for the name in question, and then queries them to get the requested name.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</h3></div></div></div><a id="id662544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id662538" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id662520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id662512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</h3></div></div></div><a id="id825947" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id825931" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id825918" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id825910" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In a DNS server such as BIND, all information is stored in basic data elements called <em class="firstterm">resource records</em> (RR). The resource record is usually a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (FQDN) of a host, and is broken down into multiple sections organized into a tree-like hierarchy. This hierarchy consists of a main trunk, primary branches, secondary branches, and so on. The following is an example of a resource record:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">bob.sales.example.com</pre><a id="id1202895" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">bob.sales.example.com</pre><a id="id825877" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each level of the hierarchy is divided by a period (that is, <code class="literal">.</code>). In the example above, <code class="literal">com</code> defines the <em class="firstterm">top-level domain</em>, <code class="literal">example</code> its subdomain, and <code class="literal">sales</code> the subdomain of <code class="literal">example</code>. In this case, <code class="literal">bob</code> identifies a resource record that is part of the <code class="systemitem">sales.example.com</code> domain. With the exception of the part furthest to the left (that is, <code class="literal">bob</code>), each of these sections is called a <em class="firstterm">zone</em> and defines a specific <em class="firstterm">namespace</em>.
- </div><a id="id960204" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id960190" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id597562" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597540" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Zones are defined on authoritative nameservers through the use of <em class="firstterm">zone files</em>, which contain definitions of the resource records in each zone. Zone files are stored on <em class="firstterm">primary nameservers</em> (also called <em class="firstterm">master nameservers</em>), where changes are made to the files, and <em class="firstterm">secondary nameservers</em> (also called <em class="firstterm">slave nameservers</em>), which receive zone definitions from the primary nameservers. Both primary and secondary nameservers are authoritative for the zone and look the same to clients. Depending on the configuration, any nameserver can also serve as a primary or secondary server for multiple zones at the same time.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-nameservers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two nameserver configuration types:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id960127" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id479426" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id479409" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id479391" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id479377" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id479354" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id701493" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id701480" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id701463" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1109042" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1109027" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1109004" class="indexterm"></a>
authoritative </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Authoritative nameservers answer to resource records that are part of their zones only. This category includes both primary (master) and secondary (slave) nameservers.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id627333" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id627316" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1108978" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1108961" class="indexterm"></a>
recursive </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Recursive nameservers offer resolution services, but they are not authoritative for any zone. Answers for all resolutions are cached in a memory for a fixed period of time, which is specified by the retrieved resource record.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Although a nameserver can be both authoritative and recursive at the same time, it is recommended not to combine the configuration types. To be able to perform their work, authoritative servers should be available to all clients all the time. On the other hand, since the recursive lookup takes far more time than authoritative responses, recursive servers should be available to a restricted number of clients only, otherwise they are prone to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</h3></div></div></div><a id="id627276" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479222" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479206" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479189" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479171" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479163" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1027633" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1027605" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1027588" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id692517" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id692498" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id692490" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
BIND consists of a set of DNS-related programs. It contains a monolithic nameserver called <code class="systemitem">named</code>, an administration utility called <code class="command">rndc</code>, and a debugging tool called <code class="command">dig</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-BIND" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1337144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-BIND" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</h2></div></div></div><a id="id561584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This chapter covers <code class="systemitem">BIND</code> (Berkeley Internet Name Domain), the DNS server included in Fedora. It focuses on the structure of its configuration files, and describes how to administer it both locally and remotely.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-namedconf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1337117" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-namedconf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</h3></div></div></div><a id="id561557" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service is started, it reads the configuration from the files as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-bind-namedconf-files">Table 11.1, “The named service configuration files”</a>.
- </div><a id="id560197" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560183" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560161" class="indexterm"></a><div class="table" id="table-bind-namedconf-files"><h6>Table 11.1. The named service configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The named service configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="path" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
+ </div><a id="id561520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561506" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id727899" class="indexterm"></a><div class="table" id="table-bind-namedconf-files"><h6>Table 11.1. The named service configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The named service configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="path" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Path
</th><th>
Description
@@ -4570,7 +4579,7 @@ dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="para">
If you have installed the <span class="package">bind-chroot</span> package, the BIND service will run in the <code class="filename">/var/named/chroot</code> environment. In that case, the initialization script will mount the above configuration files using the <code class="command">mount --bind</code> command, so that you can manage the configuration outside this environment.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state">11.2.1.1. Common Statement Types</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following types of statements are commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id847014" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id890936" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">acl</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">acl</code> (Access Control List) statement allows you to define groups of hosts, so that they can be permitted or denied access to the nameserver. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">acl <em class="replaceable"><code>acl-name</code></em> {
@@ -4612,12 +4621,12 @@ options {
blackhole { black-hats; };
allow-query { red-hats; };
allow-query-cache { red-hats; };
-};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id910055" class="indexterm"></a>
+};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id737521" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">include</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">include</code> statement allows you to include files in the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, so that potentially sensitive data can be placed in a separate file with restricted permissions. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">include "<em class="replaceable"><code>file-name</code></em>"</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>file-name</code></em> statement name is an absolute path to a file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-namedconf-common-include"><h6>Example 11.2. Including a file to /etc/named.conf</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id492294" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-namedconf-common-include"><h6>Example 11.2. Including a file to /etc/named.conf</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id528758" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">options</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">options</code> statement allows you to define global server configuration options as well as to set defaults for other statements. It can be used to specify the location of the <code class="systemitem">named</code> working directory, the types of queries allowed, and much more. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">options {
@@ -4724,7 +4733,7 @@ options {
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
-};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1036897" class="indexterm"></a>
+};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id595643" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">zone</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">zone</code> statement allows you to define the characteristics of a zone, such as the location of its configuration file and zone-specific options, and can be used to override the global <code class="option">options</code> statements. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone-name</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>zone-class</code></em>] {
@@ -4818,12 +4827,12 @@ options {
masters { 192.168.0.1; };
};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state-other"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">11.2.1.2. Other Statement Types</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following types of statements are less commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1351609" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id771071" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">controls</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">controls</code> statement allows you to configure various security requirements necessary to use the <code class="command">rndc</code> command to administer the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-bind-rndc">Section 11.2.3, “Using the rndc Utility”</a> for more information on the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility and its usage.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id602579" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id870508" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">key</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">key</code> statement allows you to define a particular key by name. Keys are used to authenticate various actions, such as secure updates or the use of the <code class="command">rndc</code> command. Two options are used with <code class="option">key</code>:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
@@ -4832,29 +4841,29 @@ options {
<code class="option">secret "<em class="replaceable"><code>key-value</code></em>"</code> — The encrypted key.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-bind-rndc">Section 11.2.3, “Using the rndc Utility”</a> for more information on the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility and its usage.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id609324" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id870483" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">logging</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">logging</code> statement allows you to use multiple types of logs, so called <em class="firstterm">channels</em>. By using the <code class="option">channel</code> option within the statement, you can construct a customized type of log with its own file name (<code class="option">file</code>), size limit (<code class="option">size</code>), versioning (<code class="option">version</code>), and level of importance (<code class="option">severity</code>). Once a customized channel is defined, a <code class="option">category</code> option is used to categorize the channel and begin logging when the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service is restarted.
</div><div class="para">
By default, <code class="systemitem">named</code> sends standard messages to the <code class="systemitem">rsyslog</code> daemon, which places them in <code class="filename">/var/log/messages</code>. Several standard channels are built into BIND with various severity levels, such as <code class="literal">default_syslog</code> (which handles informational logging messages) and <code class="literal">default_debug</code> (which specifically handles debugging messages). A default category, called <code class="literal">default</code>, uses the built-in channels to do normal logging without any special configuration.
</div><div class="para">
Customizing the logging process can be a very detailed process and is beyond the scope of this chapter. For information on creating custom BIND logs, refer to the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em> referenced in <a class="xref" href="#s3-bind-installed-docs">Section 11.2.7.1, “Installed Documentation”</a>.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id692239" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id523343" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">server</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">server</code> statement allows you to specify options that affect how the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service should respond to remote nameservers, especially with regard to notifications and zone transfers.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">transfer-format</code> option controls the number of resource records that are sent with each message. It can be either <code class="literal">one-answer</code> (only one resource record), or <code class="literal">many-answers</code> (multiple resource records). Note that while the <code class="literal">many-answers</code> option is more efficient, it is not supported by older versions of BIND.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id545265" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id600253" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">trusted-keys</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">trusted-keys</code> statement allows you to specify assorted public keys used for secure DNS (DNSSEC). Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-bind-features-dnssec">Section 11.2.5.4, “DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)”</a> for more information on this topic.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1290891" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id600199" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">view</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">view</code> statement allows you to create special views depending upon which network the host querying the nameserver is on. This allows some hosts to receive one answer regarding a zone while other hosts receive totally different information. Alternatively, certain zones may only be made available to particular trusted hosts while non-trusted hosts can only make queries for other zones.
</div><div class="para">
Multiple views can be used as long as their names are unique. The <code class="option">match-clients</code> option allows you to specify the IP addresses that apply to a particular view. If the <code class="option">options</code> statement is used within a view, it overrides the already configured global options. Finally, most <code class="option">view</code> statements contain multiple <code class="option">zone</code> statements that apply to the <code class="option">match-clients</code> list.
</div><div class="para">
Note that the order in which the <code class="option">view</code> statements are listed is important, as the first statement that matches a particular client's IP address is used. For more information on this topic, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-bind-features-views">Section 11.2.5.1, “Multiple Views”</a>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm">11.2.1.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id586394" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm">11.2.1.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1384754" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Additionally to statements, the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> file can also contain comments. Comments are ignored by the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service, but can prove useful when providing additional information to a user. The following are valid comment tags:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="literal">//</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Any text after the <code class="literal">//</code> characters to the end of the line is considered a comment. For example:
@@ -4862,7 +4871,7 @@ options {
Any text after the <code class="literal">#</code> character to the end of the line is considered a comment. For example:
</div><pre class="programlisting">notify yes; # notify all secondary nameservers</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="literal">/*</code> and <code class="literal">*/</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Any block of text enclosed in <code class="literal">/*</code> and <code class="literal">*/</code> is considered a comment. For example:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">notify yes; /* notify all secondary nameservers */</pre></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-zone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id471555" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471551" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471498" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">notify yes; /* notify all secondary nameservers */</pre></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-zone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id696346" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696342" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id936617" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As outlined in <a class="xref" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Section 11.1.1, “Nameserver Zones”</a>, zone files contain information about a namespace. They are stored in the <code class="systemitem">named</code> working directory located in <code class="filename">/var/named/</code> by default, and each zone file is named according to the <code class="option">file</code> option in the <code class="option">zone</code> statement, usually in a way that relates to the domain in question and identifies the file as containing zone data, such as <code class="filename">example.com.zone</code>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-bind-zone-files"><h6>Table 11.5. The named service zone files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The named service zone files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" /><col width="50%" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Path
@@ -4890,22 +4899,22 @@ options {
All directives and resource records should be entered on individual lines.
</div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-directives">11.2.2.1. Common Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Directives begin with the dollar sign character (that is, <code class="literal">$</code>) followed by the name of the directive, and usually appear at the top of the file. The following directives are commonly used in zone files:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1020034" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1380597" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">$INCLUDE</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="command">$INCLUDE</code> directive allows you to include another file at the place where it appears, so that other zone settings can be stored in a separate zone file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-include"><h6>Example 11.6. Using the $INCLUDE directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$INCLUDE /var/named/penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1528602" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-include"><h6>Example 11.6. Using the $INCLUDE directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$INCLUDE /var/named/penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id768224" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">$ORIGIN</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="command">$ORIGIN</code> directive allows you to append the domain name to unqualified records, such as those with the hostname only. Note that the use of this directive is not necessary if the zone is specified in <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, since the zone name is used by default.
</div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="#example-bind-zone-directive-origin">Example 11.7, “Using the $ORIGIN directive”</a>, any names used in resource records that do not end in a trailing period (that is, the <code class="literal">.</code> character) are appended with <code class="literal">example.com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-origin"><h6>Example 11.7. Using the $ORIGIN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id608022" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-origin"><h6>Example 11.7. Using the $ORIGIN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id723746" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">$TTL</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="command">$TTL</code> directive allows you to set the default <em class="firstterm">Time to Live</em> (TTL) value for the zone, that is, how long is a zone record valid. Each resource record can contain its own TTL value, which overrides this directive.
</div><div class="para">
Increasing this value allows remote nameservers to cache the zone information for a longer period of time, reducing the number of queries for the zone and lengthening the amount of time required to proliferate resource record changes.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-ttl"><h6>Example 11.8. Using the $TTL directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$TTL 1D</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-bind-zone-rr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s4-bind-zone-rr">11.2.2.2. Common Resource Records</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following resource records are commonly used in zone files:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id607945" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id727625" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">A</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Address</em> record specifies an IP address to be assigned to a name. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> IN A <em class="replaceable"><code>IP-address</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -4913,7 +4922,7 @@ options {
</div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="#example-bind-zone-rr-a">Example 11.9, “Using the A resource record”</a>, the requests for <code class="systemitem">server1.example.com</code> are pointed to <code class="literal">10.0.1.3</code> or <code class="literal">10.0.1.5</code>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-a"><h6>Example 11.9. Using the A resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">server1 IN A 10.0.1.3
- IN A 10.0.1.5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1358437" class="indexterm"></a>
+ IN A 10.0.1.5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id588439" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">CNAME</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Canonical Name</em> record maps one name to another. Because of this, this type of record is sometimes referred to as an <em class="firstterm">alias record</em>. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>alias-name</code></em> IN CNAME <em class="replaceable"><code>real-name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -4927,7 +4936,7 @@ options {
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="#example-bind-zone-rr-cname">Example 11.10, “Using the CNAME resource record”</a>, the <code class="command">A</code> record binds a hostname to an IP address, while the <code class="command">CNAME</code> record points the commonly used <code class="literal">www</code> hostname to it.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-cname"><h6>Example 11.10. Using the CNAME resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">server1 IN A 10.0.1.5
-www IN CNAME server1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id457449" class="indexterm"></a>
+www IN CNAME server1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id763298" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">MX</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Mail Exchange</em> record specifies where the mail sent to a particular namespace controlled by this zone should go. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IN MX <em class="replaceable"><code>preference-value</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>email-server-name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -4935,20 +4944,20 @@ www IN CNAME server1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><d
</div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="#example-bind-zone-rr-mx">Example 11.11, “Using the MX resource record”</a>, the first <code class="systemitem">mail.example.com</code> email server is preferred to the <code class="systemitem">mail2.example.com</code> email server when receiving email destined for the <code class="systemitem">example.com</code> domain.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-mx"><h6>Example 11.11. Using the MX resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">example.com. IN MX 10 mail.example.com.
- IN MX 20 mail2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id693287" class="indexterm"></a>
+ IN MX 20 mail2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1024882" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">NS</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Nameserver</em> record announces authoritative nameservers for a particular zone. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IN NS <em class="replaceable"><code>nameserver-name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>nameserver-name</code></em> should be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Note that when two nameservers are listed as authoritative for the domain, it is not important whether these nameservers are secondary nameservers, or if one of them is a primary server. They are both still considered authoritative.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-ns"><h6>Example 11.12. Using the NS resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IN NS dns1.example.com.
-IN NS dns2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id693217" class="indexterm"></a>
+IN NS dns2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1423528" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">PTR</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Pointer</em> record points to another part of the namespace. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>last-IP-digit</code></em> IN PTR <em class="replaceable"><code>FQDN-of-system</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>last-IP-digit</code></em> directive is the last number in an IP address, and the <em class="replaceable"><code>FQDN-of-system</code></em> is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
</div><div class="para">
<code class="command">PTR</code> records are primarily used for reverse name resolution, as they point IP addresses back to a particular name. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">Section 11.2.2.4.2, “A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File”</a> for more examples of <code class="command">PTR</code> records in use.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id853442" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id846911" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">SOA</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Start of Authority</em> record announces important authoritative information about a namespace to the nameserver. Located after the directives, it is the first resource record in a zone file. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">@ IN SOA <em class="replaceable"><code>primary-name-server</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>hostmaster-email</code></em> (
@@ -5023,11 +5032,11 @@ IN NS dns2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt
21600 ; refresh after 6 hours
3600 ; retry after 1 hour
604800 ; expire after 1 week
- 86400 ) ; minimum TTL of 1 day</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-comm">11.2.2.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id692560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ 86400 ) ; minimum TTL of 1 day</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-comm">11.2.2.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id652315" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Additionally to resource records and directives, a zone file can also contain comments. Comments are ignored by the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service, but can prove useful when providing additional information to the user. Any text after the semicolon character (that is, <code class="literal">;</code>) to the end of the line is considered a comment. For example:
</div><pre class="programlisting"> 604800 ; expire after 1 week</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-examples">11.2.2.4. Example Usage</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following examples show the basic usage of zone files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">11.2.2.4.1. A Simple Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id672191" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">11.2.2.4.1. A Simple Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id767452" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#example-bind-zone-examples-basic">Example 11.14, “A simple zone file”</a> demonstrates the use of standard directives and <code class="command">SOA</code> values.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-examples-basic"><h6>Example 11.14. A simple zone file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN example.com.
$TTL 86400
@@ -5078,7 +5087,7 @@ www IN CNAME services.example.com.
type master;
file "example.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
-};</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">11.2.2.4.2. A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id424367" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+};</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">11.2.2.4.2. A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id696383" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A reverse name resolution zone file is used to translate an IP address in a particular namespace into an fully qualified domain name (FQDN). It looks very similar to a standard zone file, except that the <code class="command">PTR</code> resource records are used to link the IP addresses to a fully qualified domain name as shown in <a class="xref" href="#example-bind-zone-examples-reverse">Example 11.15, “A reverse name resolution zone file”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-examples-reverse"><h6>Example 11.15. A reverse name resolution zone file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 1.0.10.in-addr.arpa.
$TTL 86400
@@ -5108,7 +5117,7 @@ $TTL 86400
allow-update { none; };
};</pre><div class="para">
There is very little difference between this example and a standard <code class="command">zone</code> statement, except for the zone name. Note that a reverse name resolution zone requires the first three blocks of the IP address reversed followed by <code class="command">.in-addr.arpa</code>. This allows the single block of IP numbers used in the reverse name resolution zone file to be associated with the zone.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-rndc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id591470" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-rndc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id550378" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">rndc</code> utility is a command line tool that allows you to administer the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service, both locally and from a remote machine. Its usage is as follows:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rndc</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] <em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>command-option</code></em>]</pre><div class="section" id="s3-bind-rndc-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-rndc-configuration">11.2.3.1. Configuring the Utility</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
To prevent unauthorized access to the service, <code class="systemitem">named</code> must be configured to listen on the selected port (that is, <code class="literal">953</code> by default), and an identical key must be used by both the service and the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility.
@@ -5117,17 +5126,17 @@ $TTL 86400
</th><th>
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <a id="id517976" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id935455" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>
</td><td>
The default configuration file for the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id583352" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1403854" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>
</td><td>
The default configuration file for the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id443170" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id830221" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code>
</td><td>
The default key location.
@@ -5187,7 +5196,7 @@ The zone reload and thaw was successful.</pre></div></div></div><div class="sect
To enable (or disable in case it is currently enabled) the query logging, run the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">rndc querylog</code></pre><div class="para">
To check the current setting, use the <code class="command">status</code> command as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-bind-rndc-status">Section 11.2.3.2, “Checking the Service Status”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-dig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id746211" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-dig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id898213" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">dig</code> utility is a command line tool that allows you to perform DNS lookups and debug a nameserver configuration. Its typical usage is as follows:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">dig</code> [@<em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Section 11.2.2.2, “Common Resource Records”</a> for a list of common <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>s.
@@ -5280,27 +5289,27 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
Before attempting to use advanced features like DNSSEC, TSIG, or IXFR, make sure that the particular feature is supported by all nameservers in the network environment, especially when you use older versions of BIND or non-BIND servers.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
All of the features mentioned are discussed in greater detail in the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em> referenced in <a class="xref" href="#s3-bind-installed-docs">Section 11.2.7.1, “Installed Documentation”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-views"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-views">11.2.5.1. Multiple Views</h4></div></div></div><a id="id528877" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-views"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-views">11.2.5.1. Multiple Views</h4></div></div></div><a id="id546150" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Optionally, different information can be presented to a client depending on the network a request originates from. This is primarily used to deny sensitive DNS entries from clients outside of the local network, while allowing queries from clients inside the local network.
</div><div class="para">
To configure multiple views, add the <code class="command">view</code> statement to the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> configuration file. Use the <code class="option">match-clients</code> option to match IP addresses or entire networks and give them special options and zone data.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr">11.2.5.2. Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id730878" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr">11.2.5.2. Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id587938" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Incremental Zone Transfers</em> (<em class="firstterm">IXFR</em>) allow a secondary nameserver to only download the updated portions of a zone modified on a primary nameserver. Compared to the standard transfer process, this makes the notification and update process much more efficient.
- </div><a id="id562908" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id740353" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that IXFR is only available when using dynamic updating to make changes to master zone records. If manually editing zone files to make changes, <em class="firstterm">Automatic Zone Transfer</em> (<em class="firstterm">AXFR</em>) is used.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-tsig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-tsig">11.2.5.3. Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1352900" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-tsig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-tsig">11.2.5.3. Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1050820" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Transaction SIGnatures</em> (TSIG) ensure that a shared secret key exists on both primary and secondary nameserver before allowing a transfer. This strengthens the standard IP address-based method of transfer authorization, since attackers would not only need to have access to the IP address to transfer the zone, but they would also need to know the secret key.
</div><div class="para">
Since version 9, BIND also supports <em class="firstterm">TKEY</em>, which is another shared secret key method of authorizing zone transfers.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Secure the transfer</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When communicating over an insecure network, do not rely on IP address-based authentication only.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec">11.2.5.4. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id680433" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec">11.2.5.4. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id811563" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Domain Name System Security Extensions</em> (<em class="firstterm">DNSSEC</em>) provide origin authentication of DNS data, authenticated denial of existence, and data integrity. When a particular domain is marked as secure, the <code class="literal">SERFVAIL</code> response is returned for each resource record that fails the validation.
- </div><a id="id493398" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id718617" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that to debug a DNSSEC-signed domain or a DNSSEC-aware resolver, you can use the <code class="command">dig</code> utility as described in <a class="xref" href="#s2-bind-dig">Section 11.2.4, “Using the dig Utility”</a>. Useful options are <code class="option">+dnssec</code> (requests DNSSEC-related resource records by setting the DNSSEC OK bit), <code class="option">+cd</code> (tells recursive nameserver not to validate the response), and <code class="option">+bufsize=512</code> (changes the packet size to 512B to get through some firewalls).
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6">11.2.5.5. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id567444" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6">11.2.5.5. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1039722" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Internet Protocol version 6</em> (<em class="firstterm">IPv6</em>) is supported through the use of <code class="option">AAAA</code> resource records, and the <code class="option">listen-on-v6</code> directive as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-bind-namedconf-common-options">Table 11.3, “Commonly used options”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-mistakes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</h3></div></div></div><a id="id802577" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-mistakes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</h3></div></div></div><a id="id659796" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of advices how to avoid common mistakes users make when configuring a nameserver:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Use semicolons and curly brackets correctly</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
An omitted semicolon or unmatched curly bracket in the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> file can prevent the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service from starting.
@@ -5314,7 +5323,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
According to the recent research in DNS security, using a fixed UDP source port for DNS queries is a potential security vulnerability that could allow an attacker to conduct cache-poisoning attacks more easily. To prevent this, configure your firewall to allow queries from a random UDP source port.
</div></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following sources of information provide additional resources regarding BIND.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-installed-docs">11.2.7.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1083549" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-installed-docs">11.2.7.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id584013" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
BIND features a full range of installed documentation covering many different topics, each placed in its own subject directory. For each item below, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em> with the version of the <span class="package">bind</span> package installed on the system:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/bind-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The main directory containing the most recent documentation.
@@ -5338,48 +5347,48 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
The manual page with a comprehensive list of options available within the <code class="systemitem">named</code> configuration file.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man rndc.conf</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page with a comprehensive list of options available within the <code class="command">rndc</code> configuration file.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-useful-websites">11.2.7.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id878414" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.isc.org/software/bind">http://www.isc.org/software/bind</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-useful-websites">11.2.7.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id935715" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.isc.org/software/bind">http://www.isc.org/software/bind</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The home page of the BIND project containing information about current releases as well as a PDF version of the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-related-books">11.2.7.3. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id611071" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="citetitle">DNS and BIND</em> by Paul Albitz and Cricket Liu; O'Reilly & Associates</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-related-books">11.2.7.3. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id511796" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="citetitle">DNS and BIND</em> by Paul Albitz and Cricket Liu; O'Reilly & Associates</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A popular reference that explains both common and esoteric BIND configuration options, and provides strategies for securing a DNS server.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="citetitle">The Concise Guide to DNS and BIND</em> by Nicolai Langfeldt; Que</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Looks at the connection between multiple network services and BIND, with an emphasis on task-oriented, technical topics.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id655384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id688150" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><d
t><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id796798" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id731708" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">HTTP</code> (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) server, or a <em class="firstterm">web server</em>, is a network service that serves content to a client over the web. This typically means web pages, but any other documents can be served as well.
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id688108" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id731666" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This section focuses on the <span class="application"><strong>Apache HTTP Server 2.2</strong></span>, a robust, full-featured open source web server developed by the <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>, that is included in Fedora 16. It describes the basic configuration of the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, and covers advanced topics such as adding server modules, setting up virtual hosts, or configuring the secure HTTP server.
</div><div class="para">
There are important differences between the Apache HTTP Server 2.2 and version 2.0, and if you are upgrading from a previous release of Fedora, you will need to update the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service configuration accordingly. This section reviews some of the newly added features, outlines important changes, and guides you through the update of older configuration files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id655369" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id796786" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server version 2.2 introduces the following enhancements:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id655336" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id655318" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id796755" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id796730" class="indexterm"></a>
Improved caching modules, that is, <code class="systemitem">mod_cache</code> and <code class="systemitem">mod_disk_cache</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id872637" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id772030" class="indexterm"></a>
Support for proxy load balancing, that is, the <code class="systemitem">mod_proxy_balancer</code> module.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Support for large files on 32-bit architectures, allowing the web server to handle files greater than 2GB.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A new structure for authentication and authorization support, replacing the authentication modules provided in previous versions.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id477605" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id558448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Since version 2.0, few changes have been made to the default <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service configuration:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id842577" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id842586" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id558436" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id558383" class="indexterm"></a>
The following modules are no longer loaded by default: <code class="systemitem">mod_cern_meta</code> and <code class="systemitem">mod_asis</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id878017" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id568580" class="indexterm"></a>
The following module is newly loaded by default: <code class="systemitem">mod_ext_filter</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id877994" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id568544" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update the configuration files from the Apache HTTP Server version 2.0, take the following steps:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Make sure all module names are correct, since they may have changed. Adjust the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive for each module that has been renamed.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Recompile all third party modules before attempting to load them. This typically means authentication and authorization modules.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- <a id="id872004" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id780324" class="indexterm"></a>
If you use the <code class="systemitem">mod_userdir</code> module, make sure the <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive indicating a directory name (typically <code class="literal">public_html</code>) is provided.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
If you use the Apache HTTP Secure Server, edit the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> to enable the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.
@@ -5391,7 +5400,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
This section describes how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the Apache HTTP Server. To be able to use the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, make sure you have the <span class="package">httpd</span> installed. You can do so by using the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install httpd</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on the concept of runlevels and how to manage system services in Fedora in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-starting">12.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id574462" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-starting">12.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id973430" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the service to start automatically at the boot time, use the following command:
@@ -5399,13 +5408,13 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the secure server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If running the Apache HTTP Server as a secure server, a password may be required after the machine boots if using an encrypted private SSL key.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-stopping">12.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id724980" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-stopping">12.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id593983" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at the boot time, type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl disable httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-restarting">12.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id604958" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-restarting">12.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id593913" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are two different ways to restart the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To restart the service completely, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -5421,7 +5430,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
This will cause the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service to reload the configuration file. Note that any requests being currently processed will use the old configuration.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-status">12.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id457364" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-status">12.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id716505" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check whether the service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl is-active httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
@@ -5432,24 +5441,24 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
</th><th>
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <a id="id977834" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id503812" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>
</td><td>
The main configuration file.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id959424" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id579943" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code>
</td><td>
An auxiliary directory for configuration files that are included in the main configuration file.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Although the default configuration should be suitable for most situations, it is a good idea to become at least familiar with some of the more important configuration options. Note that for any changes to take effect, the web server has to be restarted first. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><a id="id959366" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id579886" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check the configuration for possible errors, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">service httpd configtest</code></pre><div class="para">
To make the recovery from mistakes easier, it is recommended that you make a copy of the original file before editing it.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">12.1.5.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id673983" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">12.1.5.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id797054" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directives are commonly used in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> configuration file:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id673943" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id797012" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Directory></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Directory></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular directory only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Directory <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>>
@@ -5464,7 +5473,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1050016" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id944862" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfDefine></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IfDefine</code> directive allows you to use certain directives only when a particular parameter is supplied on the command line. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em>>
@@ -5474,7 +5483,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
The <em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> can be supplied at a shell prompt using the <code class="option">-D</code><em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> command line option (for example, <code class="command">httpd -DEnableHome</code>). If the optional exclamation mark (that is, <code class="literal">!</code>) is present, the enclosed directives are used only when the parameter is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> specified.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifdefine"><h6>Example 12.2. Using the <IfDefine> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine EnableHome>
UserDir public_html
-</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id708130" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id636909" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfModule></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><IfModule></code> directive allows you to use certain directive only when a particular module is loaded. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>module</code></em>>
@@ -5485,7 +5494,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifmodule"><h6>Example 12.3. Using the <IfModule> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule mod_disk_cache.c>
CacheEnable disk /
CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy
-</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id873522" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id559360" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Location></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Location></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular URL only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Location <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em>>
@@ -5498,7 +5507,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id872690" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id772074" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Proxy></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Proxy></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to the proxy server only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Proxy <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>>
@@ -5510,7 +5519,7 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1014903" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id851020" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> directive allows you apply certain directives to particular virtual hosts only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><VirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]…>
@@ -5536,12 +5545,12 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
ServerName penguin.example.com
ErrorLog logs/penguin.example.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/penguin.example.com-access_log common
-</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id507419" class="indexterm"></a>
+</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id646470" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AccessFileName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AccessFileName</code> directive allows you to specify the file to be used to customize access control information for each directory. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="id749460" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749421" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="id1020218" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1020189" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">.htaccess</code>.
- </div><a id="id951722" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id951697" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id637941" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637925" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, the directive is typically followed by the <code class="literal">Files</code> tag to prevent the files beginning with <code class="filename">.ht</code> from being accessed by web clients. This includes the <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> and <code class="filename">.htpasswd</code> files.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-accessfilename"><h6>Example 12.7. Using the AccessFileName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName .htaccess
@@ -5549,31 +5558,31 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
-</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1333843" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id637863" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Action</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Action</code> directive allows you to specify a CGI script to be executed when a certain media type is requested. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Action <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, or <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing CGI script, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id614455" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id804861" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddDescription</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddDescription</code> directive allows you to specify a short description to be displayed in server-generated directory listings for a given file. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>" <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em> should be a short text enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> can be a full file name, a file extension, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id614368" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id626070" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an encoding type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.gz</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to instruct web browsers to decompress certain file types as they are downloaded.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id862610" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1113150" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddHandler</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddHandler</code> directive allows you to map certain file extensions to a selected handler. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> has to be a name of previously defined handler. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cgi</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to treat files with the <code class="filename">.cgi</code> extension as CGI scripts regardless of the directory they are in. Additionally, it is also commonly used to process server-parsed HTML and image-map files.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773180" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id563857" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular file in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -5590,34 +5599,34 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
<code class="option">^^BLANKICON^^</code>
</td><td>
Represents a blank line.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id846442" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id635729" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular encoding type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/compressed.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 12.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1333890" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 12.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id918754" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByType</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular media type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/text.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be either a valid MIME type (for example, <code class="literal">text/html</code> or <code class="literal">image/png</code>), or a wildcard expression such as <code class="literal">text/*</code>, <code class="literal">image/*</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 12.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id553725" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 12.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id615762" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddLanguage</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddLanguage</code> directive allows you to associate a file extension with a specific language. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 12.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1057629" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 12.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1025660" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddType</code> directive allows you to define or override the media type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 12.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id664124" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 12.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id570774" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Alias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Alias</code> directive allows you to refer to files and directories outside the default directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Alias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/images/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="id1030371" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1606103" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/icons/</code> alias is created so that the icons from <code class="filename">/var/www/icons/</code> are displayed in server-generated directory listings.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-alias"><h6>Example 12.17. Using the Alias directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Alias /icons/ /var/www/icons/
@@ -5626,13 +5635,13 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1030308" class="indexterm"></a>
+<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1606045" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Allow</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Allow</code> directive allows you to specify which clients have permission to access a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Allow from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 12.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1030229" class="indexterm"></a>
- <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="id814631" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id814595" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 12.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id504449" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="id794910" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id794874" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> directive allows you to specify which directives in a <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> file can override the default configuration. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> has to be one of the available grouping options as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride">Table 12.4, “Available AllowOverride options”</a>.
@@ -5668,24 +5677,24 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
<code class="option">Options</code>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>,…</span>]
</td><td>
Allows the use of the <code class="option">Options</code> directive. Additionally, you can provide a comma-separated list of options to customize which options can be set using this directive.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 12.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id637000" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 12.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1417794" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> directive allows you to modify the server behavior based on the client's web browser type. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> is a regular expression to match the User-Agent HTTP header field. The <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> is an environment variable that is set when the header field matches the pattern.
</div><div class="para">
By default, this directive is used to deny connections to specific browsers with known issues, and to disable keepalives and HTTP header flushes for browsers that are known to have problems with these actions.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 12.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id432865" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 12.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684308" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> option allows you to set how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date or the date of its last modification specified. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">3600</code> (that is, one hour).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 12.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id694414" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 12.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id619644" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDisable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDisable</code> directive allows you to disable caching of certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/files/</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 12.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id792238" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 12.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id540588" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheEnable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheEnable</code> directive allows you to specify a cache type to be used for certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -5706,17 +5715,17 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
<code class="option">fd</code>
</td><td>
The file descriptor cache.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 12.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id480127" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 12.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1177585" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> directive allows you to customize how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date specified, but that provides information about the date of its last modification. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> is a coefficient to be used to multiply the time that passed since the last modification of the document. The default option is <code class="literal">0.1</code> (that is, one tenth).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 12.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id803970" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 12.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id717560" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum amount of time to cache a document. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">86400</code> (that is, one day).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 12.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id952888" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 12.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id809414" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> directive allows you to enable caching of the documents that were negotiated on the basis of content. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -5733,53 +5742,53 @@ ns.icann.org. 12884 IN A 192.0.34.126
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td>
Disables caching the content-negotiated documents.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 12.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id833730" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 12.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1415065" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory to store cache files in. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id833686" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id1415021" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/cache/mod_proxy/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 12.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1113912" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 12.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id639018" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CustomLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CustomLog</code> directive allows you to specify the log file name and the log file format. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="id594183" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="id1370641" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and must be relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> has to be either an explicit format string, or a format name that was previously defined using the <code class="option">LogFormat</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 12.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id594117" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 12.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1370575" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a file in server-generated directory listings when no other icon is associated with it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/unknown.png</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 12.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id720981" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 12.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id567180" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultType</code> directive allows you to specify a media type to be used in case the proper MIME type cannot be determined by the server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 12.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id634272" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 12.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id652037" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Deny</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Deny</code> directive allows you to specify which clients are denied access to a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Deny from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 12.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688981" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 12.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id787147" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> directive allows you to specify a document to be served to a client when a directory is requested (that is, when the URL ends with the <code class="literal">/</code> character). It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">index.html</code>, and <code class="filename">index.html.var</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 12.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id786448" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 12.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id789905" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the main directory from which the content is served. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id879648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id718909" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/www/html/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 12.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id879609" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 12.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id718871" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> directive allows you to specify a document or a message to be displayed as a response to a particular error. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> has to be a valid code such as <code class="literal">403</code> (Forbidden), <code class="literal">404</code> (Not Found), or <code class="literal">500</code> (Internal Server Error). The <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> can be either a URL (both local and external), or a message string enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errordocument"><h6>Example 12.34. Using the ErrorDocument directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument 403 "Access Denied"
-ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id635349" class="indexterm"></a>
+ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1399255" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorLog</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the server errors are logged. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id811367" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id517708" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">logs/error_log</code>
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 12.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id515798" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 12.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id498625" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> directive allows you to enable detailed server status information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -5796,19 +5805,19 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td>
Disables generating the detailed server status.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 12.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id875807" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 12.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id528457" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Group</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Group</code> directive allows you to specify the group under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Group <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX group. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that <code class="option">Group</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 12.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id943643" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 12.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id716366" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HeaderName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HeaderName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be prepended to the beginning of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">HEADER.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 12.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id615873" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 12.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id735329" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> directive allows you to enable automatic resolving of IP addresses. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -5831,17 +5840,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables resolving the IP address for each connection.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the presence of hostnames is required in server log files, it is often possible to use one of the many log analyzer tools that perform the DNS lookups more efficiently.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 12.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id956943" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 12.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1125782" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Include</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Include</code> directive allows you to include other configuration files. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="id697422" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="id704058" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">filename</code> can be an absolute path, a path relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive, or a wildcard expression. All configuration files from the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory are loaded by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 12.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id580165" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 12.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id569870" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> directive allows you to specify a list of file names to be omitted from the server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> option can be either a full file name, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 12.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id480844" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 12.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id789726" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexOptions</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexOptions</code> directive allows you to customize the behavior of server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -5946,7 +5955,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">XHTML</code>
</td><td>
Enables the use of XHTML 1.0 instead of the default HTML 3.2.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 12.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id694080" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 12.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1006529" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAlive</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAlive</code> directive allows you to enable persistent connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -5965,33 +5974,33 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables the keep-alive connections.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the persistent connections are enabled, on a busy server, the number of child processes can increase rapidly and eventually reach the maximum limit, slowing down the server significantly. To reduce the risk, it is recommended that you set <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> to a low number, and monitor the <code class="filename">/var/log/httpd/logs/error_log</code> log file carefully.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 12.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1275011" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 12.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id822285" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for another request before closing the connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">15</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 12.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id834898" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 12.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id742478" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> directive allows you to customize the precedence of languages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 12.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id835495" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 12.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id595707" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Listen</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>Listen</code></em> directive allows you to specify IP addresses or ports to listen to. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Listen [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em> is optional and unless supplied, the server will accept incoming requests on a given <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> from all IP addresses. Since the <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> is determined automatically from the port number, it can be usually omitted. The default option is to listen to port <code class="literal">80</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that if the server is configured to listen to a port under 1024, only superuser will be able to start the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 12.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id843241" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 12.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1028546" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LoadModule</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive allows you to load a <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Object</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>) module. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id843191" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id635105" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id1028496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1028472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> has to be a valid identifier of the required module. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing module file, and must be relative to the directory in which the libraries are placed (that is, <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/</code> on 32-bit and <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/</code> on 64-bit systems by default).
</div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-apache-dso">Section 12.1.6, “Working with Modules”</a> for more information on the Apache HTTP Server's DSO support.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 12.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id635027" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 12.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id577491" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogFormat</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>LogFormat</code></em> directive allows you to specify a log file format. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6032,7 +6041,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">%{<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>}</code>
</td><td>
Represents the content of the HTTP header <em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>. The common options include <code class="option">%{Referer}</code> (the URL of the web page that referred the client to the server) and <code class="option">%{User-Agent}</code> (the type of the web browser making the request).
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 12.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id587214" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 12.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id888736" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogLevel</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LogLevel</code> directive allows you to customize the verbosity level of the error log. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6073,12 +6082,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">debug</code>
</td><td>
Various debugging messages are logged.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 12.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id971145" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 12.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id918169" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of requests for a persistent connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server. Note that using <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests. The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 12.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id971066" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 12.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id808067" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> directive allows you to specify the IP address and port number for a name-based virtual host. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
@@ -6087,7 +6096,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Name-based virtual hosting allows one Apache HTTP Server to serve different domains without using multiple IP addresses.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using secure HTTP connections</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Name-based virtual hosts <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> work with non-secure HTTP connections. If using virtual hosts with a secure server, use IP address-based virtual hosts instead.
- </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 12.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id663251" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 12.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id726299" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Options</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Options</code> directive allows you to specify which server features are available in a particular directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Options <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -6132,7 +6141,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">None</code>
</td><td>
Disables all of the features above.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 12.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id474506" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 12.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1053823" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Order</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Order</code> directive allows you to specify the order in which the <code class="option">Allow</code> and <code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Order <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6149,12 +6158,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">deny,allow</code>
</td><td>
<code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated first.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 12.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1103402" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 12.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id577720" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">PidFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">PidFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the <em class="firstterm">process ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">PID</acronym>) of the server is stored. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id1328574" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id577683" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a pid file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">run/httpd.pid</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 12.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id466728" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 12.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id542561" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> directive allows you to enable forward proxy requests. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6171,12 +6180,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td>
Disables forward proxy requests.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 12.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1311918" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 12.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1032779" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ReadmeName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ReadmeName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be appended to the end of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">README.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 12.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1326178" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 12.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id915454" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Redirect</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Redirect</code> directive allows you to redirect a client to another URL. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Redirect [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>status</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6201,14 +6210,14 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">gone</code>
</td><td>
Indicates that the requested resource has been removed permanently. The <code class="literal">410</code> (Gone) status is returned to a client.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id853528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id1022335" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that for more advanced redirection techniques, you can use the <code class="systemitem">mod_rewrite</code> module that is part of the Apache HTTP Server installation.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 12.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id853469" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 12.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1175689" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive allows you to specify the location of CGI scripts. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ScriptAlias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="id644399" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1363188" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code> alias is created so that the scripts located in the <code class="filename">/var/www/cgi-bin/</code> are accessible.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive is used for security reasons to prevent CGI scripts from being viewed as ordinary text documents.
@@ -6219,26 +6228,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id959256" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1363119" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive allows you to specify the email address of the server administrator to be displayed in server-generated web pages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin <em class="replaceable"><code>email</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="literal">root at localhost</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is commonly set to <code class="literal">webmaster@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code>, where <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> is the address of the server. Once set, alias <code class="literal">webmaster</code> to the person responsible for the web server in <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code>, and as superuser, run the <code class="command">newaliases</code> command.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 12.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster at penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id778294" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 12.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster at penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id699251" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive allows you to specify the hostname and the port number of a web server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerName <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> has to be a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>) of the server. The <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> is optional, but when supplied, it has to match the number specified by the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive.
</div><div class="para">
When using this directive, make sure that the IP address and server name pair are included in the <code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code> file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 12.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id690063" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 12.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id764663" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory in which the server operates. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id580244" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id764618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 12.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id580182" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 12.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702682" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerSignature</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerSignature</code> directive allows you to enable displaying information about the server on server-generated documents. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6259,7 +6268,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">EMail</code>
</td><td>
Enables appending the server name, version, and the email address of the system administrator as specified by the <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive to server-generated pages.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 12.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id770949" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 12.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id884569" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerTokens</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerTokens</code> directive allows you to customize what information are included in the Server response header. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6294,26 +6303,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Includes all the information above along with the list of loaded modules.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that for security reasons, it is recommended to reveal as little information about the server as possible.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 12.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id853615" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 12.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id539663" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive allows you to specify the user and group under which the CGI scripts will be run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing user, and the <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> must be a valid UNIX group.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the CGI scripts should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that in <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> replaces the <code class="option">User</code> and <code class="option">Group</code> directives.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 12.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id469350" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 12.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1178593" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Timeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Timeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for an event before closing a connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">60</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 12.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id469288" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 12.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id653219" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">TypesConfig</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">TypesConfig</code> allows you to specify the location of the MIME types configuration file. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id720323" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id765422" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing MIME types configuration file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="option">/etc/mime.types</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that instead of editing <code class="filename">/etc/mime.types</code>, the recommended way to add MIME type mapping to the Apache HTTP Server is to use the <code class="option">AddType</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 12.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1337792" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 12.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id765350" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> allows you to specify the way the server refers to itself. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -6334,17 +6343,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">DNS</code>
</td><td>
Disables the use of the name that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive. The hostname determined by a reverse DNS lookup is used instead.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 12.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id787336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 12.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id631212" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">User</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">User</code> directive allows you to specify the user under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">User <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX user. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that <code class="option">User</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 12.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id673485" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 12.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id592927" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UserDir</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive allows you to enable serving content from users' home directories. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="id615602" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="id592862" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> can be either a name of the directory to look for in user's home directory (typically <code class="option">public_html</code>), or a valid keyword as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-apache-httpdconf-userdir">Table 12.20, “Available UserDir options”</a>. The default option is <code class="option">disabled</code>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Table 12.20. Available UserDir options</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Available UserDir options" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%" class="option" /><col width="75%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Option
@@ -6365,9 +6374,9 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
All files in this directory must be set accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Example 12.69. Using the UserDir directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UserDir public_html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-sslconf-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-sslconf-common">12.1.5.2. Common ssl.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of the Apache HTTP Secure Server, and in most cases, they are configured appropriately during the installation. Be careful when changing these settings, as incorrect configuration can lead to security vulnerabilities.
- </div><a id="id604105" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id814620" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directive is commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id998413" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id814585" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> directive allows you to set environment variables based on the headers of incoming connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SetEnvIf <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span>]…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -6408,57 +6417,57 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Note that for the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> file to be present, the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> needs to be installed. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Section 12.1.8, “Setting Up an SSL Server”</a> for more information on how to install and configure an SSL server.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mpm-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mpm-common">12.1.5.3. Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Multi-Processing Module</em> (<acronym class="acronym">MPM</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of a particular MPM specific server-pool. Since its characteristics differ depending on which MPM is used, the directives are embedded in <code class="option">IfModule</code>. By default, the server-pool is defined for both the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> and <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPMs.
- </div><a id="id842682" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id631030" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following MPM directives are commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id618960" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id630992" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxClients</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxClients</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of simultaneously connected clients to process at one time. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server, although it is not recommended to exceed <code class="literal">256</code> when using the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 12.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id434137" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 12.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1002370" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of request a child process can serve before it dies. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Setting the <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> to <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive is used to prevent long-lived processes from causing memory leaks.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 12.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id644157" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 12.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id612548" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 12.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id624135" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 12.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1419856" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> must be greater than or equal to the sum of <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> and <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code>. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1531758" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1419864" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Note that a high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can create a heavy processing load on the server. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 12.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id583786" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 12.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id731854" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id583713" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684674" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">StartServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">StartServers</code> directive allows you to specify the number of child processes to create when the service is started. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">StartServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Since the child processes are dynamically created and terminated according to the current traffic load, it is usually not necessary to change this value.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 12.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1346369" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 12.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id561400" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the number of threads a child process can create. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 12.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id896061" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id896051" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 12.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id529590" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id529567" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Being a modular application, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service is distributed along with a number of <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Objects</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>s), which can be dynamically loaded or unloaded at runtime as necessary. By default, these modules are located in <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/modules/</code> on 32-bit and in <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/</code> on 64-bit systems.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-loading">12.1.6.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id669752" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-loading">12.1.6.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id880159" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a particular DSO module, use the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Section 12.1.5.1, “Common httpd.conf Directives”</a>. Note that modules provided by a separate package often have their own configuration file in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-dso-loading"><h6>Example 12.79. Loading the mod_ssl DSO</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Once you are finished, restart the web server to reload the configuration. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-writing">12.1.6.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id844426" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-writing">12.1.6.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id880090" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you intend to create a new DSO module, make sure you have the <span class="package">httpd-devel</span> package installed. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install httpd-devel</code></pre><div class="para">
This package contains the include files, the header files, and the <span class="application"><strong>APache eXtenSion</strong></span> (<code class="command">apxs</code>) utility required to compile a module.
@@ -6466,7 +6475,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Once written, you can build the module with the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">apxs -i -a -c <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.c</code></pre><div class="para">
If the build was successful, you should be able to load the module the same way as any other module that is distributed with the Apache HTTP Server.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="id605501" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id605484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="id729426" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601649" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server's built in virtual hosting allows the server to provide different information based on which IP address, hostname, or port is being requested.
</div><div class="para">
To create a name-based virtual host, find the virtual host container provided in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> as an example, remove the hash sign (that is, <code class="literal">#</code>) from the beginning of each line, and customize the options according to your requirements as shown in <a class="xref" href="#example-apache-virtualhosts-config">Example 12.80, “Sample virtual host configuration”</a>.
@@ -6484,13 +6493,13 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
If you configure a virtual host to listen on a non-default port, make sure you update the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive in the global settings section of the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> file accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To activate a newly created virtual host, the web server has to be restarted first. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id863186" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1054762" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1054775" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id446270" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1054746" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1054721" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id623948" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id623925" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id623912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id687089" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id687076" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id687055" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) is a cryptographic protocol that allows a server and a client to communicate securely. Along with its extended and improved version called <em class="firstterm">Transport Layer Security</em> (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), it ensures both privacy and data integrity. The Apache HTTP Server in combination with <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code>, a module that uses the OpenSSL toolkit to provide the SSL/TLS support, is commonly referred to as the <em class="firstterm">SSL server</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Unlike a regular HTTP connection that can be read and possibly modified by anybody who is able to intercept it, the use of <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> prevents any inspection or modification of the transmitted content. This section provides basic information on how to enable this module in the Apache HTTP Server configuration, and guides you through the process of generating private keys and self-signed certificates.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">12.1.8.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id446262" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id446238" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">12.1.8.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1116912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1116888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Secure communication is based on the use of keys. In conventional or <em class="firstterm">symmetric cryptography</em>, both ends of the transaction have the same key they can use to decode each other's transmissions. On the other hand, in public or <em class="firstterm">asymmetric cryptography</em>, two keys co-exist: a <em class="firstterm">private key</em> that is kept a secret, and a <em class="firstterm">public key</em> that is usually shared with the public. While the data encoded with the public key can only be decoded with the private key, data encoded with the private key can in turn only be decoded with the public key.
- </div><a id="id1316819" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1316818" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id507000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506980" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To provide secure communications using SSL, an SSL server must use a digital certificate signed by a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<acronym class="acronym">CA</acronym>). The certificate lists various attributes of the server (that is, the server hostname, the name of the company, its location, etc.), and the signature produced using the CA's private key. This signature ensures that a particular certificate authority has issued the certificate, and that the certificate has not been modified in any way.
</div><div class="para">
When a web browser establishes a new SSL connection, it checks the certificate provided by the web server. If the certificate does not have a signature from a trusted CA, or if the hostname listed in the certificate does not match the hostname used to establish the connection, it refuses to communicate with the server and usually presents a user with an appropriate error message.
@@ -6516,9 +6525,9 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
When setting up an SSL server, you need to generate a certificate request and a private key, and then send the certificate request, proof of the company's identity, and payment to a certificate authority. Once the CA verifies the certificate request and your identity, it will send you a signed certificate you can use with your server. Alternatively, you can create a self-signed certificate that does not contain a CA signature, and thus should be used for testing purposes only.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">12.1.8.2. Enabling the mod_ssl Module</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
If you intend to set up an SSL server, make sure you have the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> (the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> module) and <span class="package">openssl</span> (the OpenSSL toolkit) packages installed. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="id669508" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="id1388154" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This will create the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> configuration file at <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>, which is included in the main Apache HTTP Server configuration file by default. For the module to be loaded, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">12.1.8.3. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id520043" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id520024" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">12.1.8.3. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1395566" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1395548" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have a previously created key and certificate, you can configure the SSL server to use these files instead of generating new ones. There are only two situations where this is not possible:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>You are changing the IP address or domain name.</em></span>
@@ -6539,7 +6548,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>.key</pre><div class="para">
To load the updated configuration, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><h6>Example 12.81. Using a key and certificate from the Red Hat Secure Web Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.key /etc/pki/tls/private/penguin.example.com.key</code>
-~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">12.1.8.4. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id696052" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696034" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">12.1.8.4. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id969981" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1053031" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to generate a new key and certificate pair, you must to have the <span class="package">crypto-utils</span> package installed in your system. As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, you can install it by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install crypto-utils</code></pre><div class="para">
This package provides a set of tools to generate and manage SSL certificates and private keys, and includes <span class="application"><strong>genkey</strong></span>, the Red Hat Keypair Generation utility that will guide you through the key generation process.
@@ -6602,19 +6611,19 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Finally, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>, so that the updated configuration is loaded.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about the Apache HTTP Server, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-installed">12.1.9.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id812688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://localhost/manual/">http://localhost/manual/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-installed">12.1.9.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1083139" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://localhost/manual/">http://localhost/manual/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The official documentation for the Apache HTTP Server with the full description of its directives and available modules. Note that in order to access this documentation, you must have the <span class="package">httpd-manual</span> package installed, and the web server must be running.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man httpd</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service containing the complete list of its command line options.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man genkey</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for <code class="command">genkey</code> containing the full documentation on its usage.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-web"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-web">12.1.9.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id468245" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-web"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-web">12.1.9.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id515753" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The official website for the Apache HTTP Server with documentation on all the directives and default modules.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.modssl.org/">http://www.modssl.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The official website for the <span class="application"><strong>mod_ssl</strong></span> module.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The OpenSSL home page containing further documentation, frequently asked questions, links to the mailing lists, and other useful resources.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">13.5.1
. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1322611" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mta">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-mua">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-security">13.5.1
. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id948099" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Email</em> was born in the 1960s. The mailbox was a file in a user's home directory that was readable only by that user. Primitive mail applications appended new text messages to the bottom of the file, making the user wade through the constantly growing file to find any particular message. This system was only capable of sending messages to users on the same system.
</div><div class="para">
The first network transfer of an electronic mail message file took place in 1971 when a computer engineer named Ray Tomlinson sent a test message between two machines via ARPANET—the precursor to the Internet. Communication via email soon became very popular, comprising 75 percent of ARPANET's traffic in less than two years.
@@ -6622,7 +6631,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Today, email systems based on standardized network protocols have evolved into some of the most widely used services on the Internet. Fedora offers many advanced applications to serve and access email.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter reviews modern email protocols in use today, and some of the programs designed to send and receive email.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="id762676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="id963709" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Today, email is delivered using a client/server architecture. An email message is created using a mail client program. This program then sends the message to a server. The server then forwards the message to the recipient's email server, where the message is then supplied to the recipient's email client.
</div><div class="para">
To enable this process, a variety of standard network protocols allow different machines, often running different operating systems and using different email programs, to send and receive email.
@@ -6630,7 +6639,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
The following protocols discussed are the most commonly used in the transfer of email.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-send"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Mail delivery from a client application to the server, and from an originating server to the destination server, is handled by the <em class="firstterm">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">SMTP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp">13.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id737991" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp">13.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id746963" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary purpose of SMTP is to transfer email between mail servers. However, it is critical for email clients as well. To send email, the client sends the message to an outgoing mail server, which in turn contacts the destination mail server for delivery. For this reason, it is necessary to specify an SMTP server when configuring an email client.
</div><div class="para">
Under Fedora, a user can configure an SMTP server on the local machine to handle mail delivery. However, it is also possible to configure remote SMTP servers for outgoing mail.
@@ -6640,7 +6649,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Fedora provides the Postfix and Sendmail SMTP programs.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two primary protocols used by email client applications to retrieve email from mail servers: the <em class="firstterm">Post Office Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">POP</em>) and the <em class="firstterm">Internet Message Access Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">IMAP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-pop">13.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id678381" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-pop">13.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1013488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default POP server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the dovecot package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>, first ensure the <code class="command">dovecot</code> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -6664,7 +6673,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
<span class="emphasis"><em>RPOP</em></span> — <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> with <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> authentication. This uses a per-user ID, similar to a password, to authenticate POP requests. However, this ID is not encrypted, so <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> is no more secure than standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For added security, it is possible to use <em class="firstterm">Secure Socket Layer</em> (<em class="firstterm">SSL</em>) encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">pop3s</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">/usr/sbin/stunnel</code> application. For more information on securing email communication, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-email-security">Section 13.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-imap">13.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id730681" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-imap">13.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id970678" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-protocols-pop">Section 13.1.2.1, “POP”</a> for information on how to install <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
When using an <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> mail server, email messages remain on the server where users can read or delete them. <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> also allows client applications to create, rename, or delete mail directories on the server to organize and store email.
@@ -6678,7 +6687,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
For added security, it is possible to use <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">imaps</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">/usr/sbin/stunnel</code> program. For more information on securing email communication, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-email-security">Section 13.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Other free, as well as commercial, IMAP clients and servers are available, many of which extend the IMAP protocol and provide additional functionality.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot">13.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="id697726" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot">13.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="id651618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">imap-login</code> and <code class="command">pop3-login</code> processes which implement the <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> protocols are spawned by the master <code class="systemitem">dovecot</code> daemon included in the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. The use of <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> is configured through the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file; by default <code class="command">dovecot</code> runs <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> together with their secure versions using <code class="systemitem">SSL</code>. To configure <code class="command">dovecot</code> to use <code class="systemitem">POP</code>, complete the following steps:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Edit the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file to make sure the <code class="literal">protocols</code> variable is uncommented (remove the hash sign (<code class="command">#</code>) at the beginning of the line) and contains the <code class="literal">pop3</code> argument. For example:
@@ -6702,9 +6711,9 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Execute the <code class="filename">/usr/libexec/dovecot/mkcert.sh</code> script which creates the <code class="command">dovecot</code> self signed certificates. These certificates are copied in the <code class="filename">/etc/pki/dovecot/certs</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/pki/dovecot/private</code> directories. To implement the changes, restart <code class="command">dovecot</code> by typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart dovecot.service</code></pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
More details on <code class="command">dovecot</code> can be found online at <a href="http://www.dovecot.org">http://www.dovecot.org</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="id698686" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="id714217" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In general, all email applications fall into at least one of three classifications. Each classification plays a specific role in the process of moving and managing email messages. While most users are only aware of the specific email program they use to receive and send messages, each one is important for ensuring that email arrives at the correct destination.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id698717" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id669820" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id669834" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id944606" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id587947" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id587962" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MTA</em>) transports email messages between hosts using <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>. A message may involve several MTAs as it moves to its intended destination.
</div><div class="para">
While the delivery of messages between machines may seem rather straightforward, the entire process of deciding if a particular MTA can or should accept a message for delivery is quite complicated. In addition, due to problems from spam, use of a particular MTA is usually restricted by the MTA's configuration or the access configuration for the network on which the MTA resides.
@@ -6714,11 +6723,11 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Since Fedora offers two MTAs—<em class="firstterm">Postfix</em> and <em class="firstterm">Sendmail</em>—email client programs are often not required to act as an MTA. Fedora also includes a special purpose MTA called <em class="firstterm">Fetchmail</em>.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on Postfix, Sendmail, and Fetchmail, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-email-mta">Section 13.3, “Mail Transport Agents”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1105896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id697538" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id697553" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id856022" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id759591" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id759606" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MDA</em>) is invoked by the MTA to file incoming email in the proper user's mailbox. In many cases, the MDA is actually a <em class="firstterm">Local Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">LDA</em>), such as <code class="command">mail</code> or Procmail.
</div><div class="para">
Any program that actually handles a message for delivery to the point where it can be read by an email client application can be considered an MDA. For this reason, some MTAs (such as Sendmail and Postfix) can fill the role of an MDA when they append new email messages to a local user's mail spool file. In general, MDAs do not transport messages between systems nor do they provide a user interface; MDAs distribute and sort messages on the local machine for an email client application to access.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id560331" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560349" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id788871" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1383835" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id516814" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1033464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MUA</em>) is synonymous with an email client application. An MUA is a program that, at the very least, allows a user to read and compose email messages. Many MUAs are capable of retrieving messages via the <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols, setting up mailboxes to store messages, and sending outbound messages to an MTA.
</div><div class="para">
MUAs may be graphical, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or have simple text-based interfaces, such as <span class="application"><strong>pine</strong></span>.
@@ -6726,7 +6735,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Fedora offers two primary MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. Postfix is configured as the default MTA, although it is easy to switch the default MTA to Sendmail. To switch the default MTA to Sendmail, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, you can either uninstall Postfix or use the following command to switch to Sendmail:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">alternatives --config mta</code></pre><div class="para">
You can also use the following command to enable/disable the desired service:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable|disable <em class="replaceable"><code>service</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="id525200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id525215" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable|disable <em class="replaceable"><code>service</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="id628488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id628502" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Originally developed at IBM by security expert and programmer Wietse Venema, Postfix is a Sendmail-compatible MTA that is designed to be secure, fast, and easy to configure.
</div><div class="para">
To improve security, Postfix uses a modular design, where small processes with limited privileges are launched by a <em class="firstterm">master</em> daemon. The smaller, less privileged processes perform very specific tasks related to the various stages of mail delivery and run in a change rooted environment to limit the effects of attacks.
@@ -6734,7 +6743,7 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Configuring Postfix to accept network connections from hosts other than the local computer takes only a few minor changes in its configuration file. Yet for those with more complex needs, Postfix provides a variety of configuration options, as well as third party add-ons that make it a very versatile and full-featured MTA.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration files for Postfix are human readable and support upward of 250 directives. Unlike Sendmail, no macro processing is required for changes to take effect and the majority of the most commonly used options are described in the heavily commented files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default">13.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1338014" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default">13.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id614619" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Postfix executable is <code class="filename">/usr/sbin/postfix</code>. This daemon launches all related processes needed to handle mail delivery.
</div><div class="para">
Postfix stores its configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/</code> directory. The following is a list of the more commonly used files:
@@ -6791,15 +6800,15 @@ search_base = dc=<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>, dc=<em class
The <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/ldap-aliases.cf</code> file can specify various parameters, including parameters that enable <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> and <code class="systemitem">STARTTLS</code>. For more information, refer to the <code class="command">ldap_table(5)</code> man page.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
For more information on <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 14.1, “OpenLDAP”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id899587" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id899601" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id693245" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id693259" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sendmail's core purpose, like other MTAs, is to safely transfer email among hosts, usually using the <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> protocol. However, Sendmail is highly configurable, allowing control over almost every aspect of how email is handled, including the protocol used. Many system administrators elect to use Sendmail as their MTA due to its power and scalability.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">13.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="id576551" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566073" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">13.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="id764508" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id764522" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is important to be aware of what Sendmail is and what it can do, as opposed to what it is not. In these days of monolithic applications that fulfill multiple roles, Sendmail may seem like the only application needed to run an email server within an organization. Technically, this is true, as Sendmail can spool mail to each users' directory and deliver outbound mail for users. However, most users actually require much more than simple email delivery. Users usually want to interact with their email using an MUA, that uses <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>, to download their messages to their local machine. Or, they may prefer a Web interface to gain access to their mailbox. These other applications can work in conjunction with Sendmail, but they actually exist for different reasons and can operate separately from one another.
</div><div class="para">
It is beyond the scope of this section to go into all that Sendmail should or could be configured to do. With literally hundreds of different options and rule sets, entire volumes have been dedicated to helping explain everything that can be done and how to fix things that go wrong. Refer to the <a class="xref" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Section 13.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for a list of Sendmail resources.
</div><div class="para">
This section reviews the files installed with Sendmail by default and reviews basic configuration changes, including how to stop unwanted email (spam) and how to extend Sendmail with the <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</em>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">13.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1041475" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">13.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id606314" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to use Sendmail, first ensure the <span class="package">sendmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install sendmail</code></pre><div class="para">
In order to configure Sendmail, ensure the <span class="package">sendmail-cf</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -6840,7 +6849,7 @@ search_base = dc=<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>, dc=<em class
To finalize the change, the <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> file must be updated:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable</code></pre><div class="para">
Sendmail will create an updated <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> file containing the new configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">13.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id447531" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id447545" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">13.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id554616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id554631" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When altering the Sendmail configuration file, it is best not to edit an existing file, but to generate an entirely new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup the sendmail.cf file before changing its content</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Before changing the <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> file, it is a good idea to create a backup copy.
@@ -6852,7 +6861,7 @@ search_base = dc=<em class="replaceable"><code>example</code></em>, dc=<em class
The default configuration which ships with Fedora works for most <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>-only sites. However, it does not work for <em class="firstterm">UUCP</em> (<em class="firstterm">UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol</em>) sites. If using UUCP mail transfers, the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</code> file must be reconfigured and a new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file must be generated.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> file before editing any files in the directories under the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf</code> directory, as they can affect the future configuration of the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">13.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="id627837" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704176" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">13.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="id911679" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id620881" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
One common Sendmail configuration is to have a single machine act as a mail gateway for all machines on the network. For instance, a company may want to have a machine called <code class="computeroutput">mail.example.com</code> that handles all of their email and assigns a consistent return address to all outgoing mail.
</div><div class="para">
In this situation, the Sendmail server must masquerade the machine names on the company network so that their return address is <code class="computeroutput">user at example.com</code> instead of <code class="computeroutput">user at host.example.com</code>.
@@ -6866,7 +6875,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(`bigcorp.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`bigcorp.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_AS(bigcorp.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
After generating a new <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> using the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, this configuration makes all mail from inside the network appear as if it were sent from <code class="computeroutput">bigcorp.com</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">13.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="id668999" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">13.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="id648621" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Email spam can be defined as unnecessary and unwanted email received by a user who never requested the communication. It is a disruptive, costly, and widespread abuse of Internet communication standards.
</div><div class="para">
Sendmail makes it relatively easy to block new spamming techniques being employed to send junk email. It even blocks many of the more usual spamming methods by default. Main anti-spam features available in sendmail are <em class="firstterm">header checks</em>, <em class="firstterm">relaying denial</em> (default from version 8.9), <em class="firstterm">access database and sender information checks</em>.
@@ -6884,7 +6893,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(bigcorp.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
The above examples only represent a small part of what Sendmail can do in terms of allowing or blocking access. Refer to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> for more information and examples.
</div><div class="para">
Since Sendmail calls the Procmail MDA when delivering mail, it is also possible to use a spam filtering program, such as SpamAssassin, to identify and file spam for users. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Section 13.4.2.6, “Spam Filters”</a> for more information about using SpamAssassin.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">13.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id660784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">13.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id727376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Using <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is a very quick and powerful way to find specific information about a particular user from a much larger group. For example, an <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> server can be used to look up a particular email address from a common corporate directory by the user's last name. In this kind of implementation, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is largely separate from Sendmail, with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> storing the hierarchical user information and Sendmail only being given the result of <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> queries in pre-addressed email messages.
</div><div class="para">
However, Sendmail supports a much greater integration with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, where it uses <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> to replace separately maintained files, such as <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/mail/virtusertables</code>, on different mail servers that work together to support a medium- to enterprise-level organization. In short, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> abstracts the mail routing level from Sendmail and its separate configuration files to a powerful <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> cluster that can be leveraged by many different applications.
@@ -6899,7 +6908,7 @@ FEATURE('ldap_routing')dnl</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"
Next, recreate the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file by running the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor and again restarting Sendmail. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Section 13.3.2.3, “Common Sendmail Configuration Changes”</a> for instructions.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 14.1, “OpenLDAP”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id567892" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567907" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id702507" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702521" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fetchmail is an MTA which retrieves email from remote servers and delivers it to the local MTA. Many users appreciate the ability to separate the process of downloading their messages located on a remote server from the process of reading and organizing their email in an MUA. Designed with the needs of dial-up users in mind, Fetchmail connects and quickly downloads all of the email messages to the mail spool file using any number of protocols, including <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>. It can even forward email messages to an <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> server, if necessary.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the fetchmail package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Fetchmail</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">fetchmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -6909,7 +6918,7 @@ FEATURE('ldap_routing')dnl</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"
Fetchmail is configured for each user through the use of a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. If it does not already exist, create the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in your home directory
</div><div class="para">
Using preferences in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file, Fetchmail checks for email on a remote server and downloads it. It then delivers it to port <code class="constant">25</code> on the local machine, using the local MTA to place the email in the correct user's spool file. If Procmail is available, it is launched to filter the email and place it in a mailbox so that it can be read by an MUA.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">13.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id602956" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602971" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">13.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id516958" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id758981" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible to pass all necessary options on the command line to check for email on a remote server when executing Fetchmail, using a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file is much easier. Place any desired configuration options in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file for those options to be used each time the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command is issued. It is possible to override these at the time Fetchmail is run by specifying that option on the command line.
</div><div class="para">
A user's <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file contains three classes of configuration options:
@@ -6939,7 +6948,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Users are not required to place their password in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file. Omitting the <code class="command">with password '<em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em>'</code> section causes Fetchmail to ask for a password when it is launched.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Fetchmail has numerous global, server, and local options. Many of these options are rarely used or only apply to very specific situations. The <code class="filename">fetchmail</code> man page explains each option in detail, but the most common ones are listed in the following three sections.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">13.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id410896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id410915" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">13.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id654825" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id654843" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each global option should be placed on a single line after a <code class="command">set</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">daemon <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Specifies daemon-mode, where Fetchmail stays in the background. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds Fetchmail is to wait before polling the server.
@@ -6947,7 +6956,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">postmaster</code> — Specifies a local user to send mail to in case of delivery problems.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">syslog</code> — Specifies the log file for errors and status messages. By default, this is <code class="filename">/var/log/maillog</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">13.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id517238" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id517256" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">13.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1037434" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id572969" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Server options must be placed on their own line in <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> after a <code class="command">poll</code> or <code class="command">skip</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">auth <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> with the type of authentication to be used. By default, <code class="command">password</code> authentication is used, but some protocols support other types of authentication, including <code class="command">kerberos_v5</code>, <code class="command">kerberos_v4</code>, and <code class="command">ssh</code>. If the <code class="command">any</code> authentication type is used, Fetchmail first tries methods that do not require a password, then methods that mask the password, and finally attempts to send the password unencrypted to authenticate to the server.
@@ -6959,7 +6968,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">proto <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> with the protocol, such as <code class="command">pop3</code> or <code class="command">imap</code>, to use when checking for messages on the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds of server inactivity after which Fetchmail gives up on a connection attempt. If this value is not set, a default of <code class="command">300</code> seconds is assumed.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">13.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id584858" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584876" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">13.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id907109" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id907128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User options may be placed on their own lines beneath a server option or on the same line as the server option. In either case, the defined options must follow the <code class="command">user</code> option (defined below).
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">fetchall</code> — Orders Fetchmail to download all messages in the queue, including messages that have already been viewed. By default, Fetchmail only pulls down new messages.
@@ -6979,11 +6988,11 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">ssl</code> — Activates SSL encryption.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">user "<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>"</code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the username used by Fetchmail to retrieve messages. <span class="emphasis"><em>This option must precede all other user options.</em></span>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">13.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id742376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">13.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id495664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Fetchmail options used on the command line when executing the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command mirror the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> configuration options. In this way, Fetchmail may be used with or without a configuration file. These options are not used on the command line by most users because it is easier to leave them in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
There may be times when it is desirable to run the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command with other options for a particular purpose. It is possible to issue command options to temporarily override a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> setting that is causing an error, as any options specified at the command line override configuration file options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">13.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id466942" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">13.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id920039" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Certain options used after the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command can supply important information.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">--configdump</code> — Displays every possible option based on information from <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> and Fetchmail defaults. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
@@ -6993,7 +7002,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">-v</code> — Executes Fetchmail in verbose mode, displaying every communication between Fetchmail and remote email servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-V</code> — Displays detailed version information, lists its global options, and shows settings to be used with each user, including the email protocol and authentication method. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">13.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id454779" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">13.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id975803" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
These options are occasionally useful for overriding defaults often found in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-a</code> — Fetchmail downloads all messages from the remote email server, whether new or previously viewed. By default, Fetchmail only downloads new messages.
@@ -7005,17 +7014,17 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">--quit</code> — Quits the Fetchmail daemon process.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
More commands and <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> options can be found in the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> man page.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id595561" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627578" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627591" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627610" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id657962" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id657973" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id686977" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id657052" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id657065" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1119493" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1119517" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1119527" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (MTA) is essential for sending email. A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (MUA) such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Thunderbird</strong></span>, and <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span>, is used to read and compose email. When a user sends an email from an MUA, the message is handed off to the MTA, which sends the message through a series of MTAs until it reaches its destination.
</div><div class="para">
Even if a user does not plan to send email from the system, some automated tasks or system programs might use the <code class="command">/bin/mail</code> command to send email containing log messages to the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user of the local system.
- </div><a id="id1014715" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id448978" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id536945" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id536956" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 16 provides two MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. If both are installed, Postfix is the default MTA.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-mda">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora includes two primary MDAs, Procmail and <code class="command">mail</code>. Both of the applications are considered LDAs and both move email from the MTA's spool file into the user's mailbox. However, Procmail provides a robust filtering system.
</div><div class="para">
This section details only Procmail. For information on the <code class="command">mail</code> command, consult its man page (<code class="command">man mail</code>).
- </div><a id="id689179" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id694694" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id638795" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id638810" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail delivers and filters email as it is placed in the mail spool file of the localhost. It is powerful, gentle on system resources, and widely used. Procmail can play a critical role in delivering email to be read by email client applications.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail can be invoked in several different ways. Whenever an MTA places an email into the mail spool file, Procmail is launched. Procmail then filters and files the email for the MUA and quits. Alternatively, the MUA can be configured to execute Procmail any time a message is received so that messages are moved into their correct mailboxes. By default, the presence of <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> or of a <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file (also called an <em class="firstterm">rc</em> file) in the user's home directory invokes Procmail whenever an MTA receives a new message.
@@ -7025,7 +7034,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Whether Procmail acts upon an email message depends upon whether the message matches a specified set of conditions or <em class="firstterm">recipes</em> in the <code class="filename">rc</code> file. If a message matches a recipe, then the email is placed in a specified file, is deleted, or is otherwise processed.
</div><div class="para">
When Procmail starts, it reads the email message and separates the body from the header information. Next, Procmail looks for a <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> file and <code class="filename">rc</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrcs</code> directory for default, system-wide, Procmail environmental variables and recipes. Procmail then searches for a <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. Many users also create additional <code class="filename">rc</code> files for Procmail that are referred to within the <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in their home directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id754254" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id754268" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id577596" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577611" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Procmail configuration file contains important environmental variables. These variables specify things such as which messages to sort and what to do with the messages that do not match any recipes.
</div><div class="para">
These environmental variables usually appear at the beginning of the <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file in the following format:
@@ -7065,7 +7074,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Other important environmental variables are pulled from the shell, such as <code class="command">LOGNAME</code>, which is the login name; <code class="command">HOME</code>, which is the location of the home directory; and <code class="command">SHELL</code>, which is the default shell.
</div><div class="para">
A comprehensive explanation of all environments variables, as well as their default values, is available in the <code class="filename">procmailrc</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id570116" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id917230" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
New users often find the construction of recipes the most difficult part of learning to use Procmail. To some extent, this is understandable, as recipes do their message matching using <em class="firstterm">regular expressions</em>, which is a particular format used to specify qualifications for a matching string. However, regular expressions are not very difficult to construct and even less difficult to understand when read. Additionally, the consistency of the way Procmail recipes are written, regardless of regular expressions, makes it easy to learn by example. To see example Procmail recipes, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Section 13.4.2.5, “Recipe Examples”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail recipes take the following form:
@@ -7080,11 +7089,11 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
A recipe can contain several conditions to match against the message. If it has no conditions, every message matches the recipe. Regular expressions are placed in some conditions to facilitate message matching. If multiple conditions are used, they must all match for the action to be performed. Conditions are checked based on the flags set in the recipe's first line. Optional special characters placed after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) can further control the condition.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>action-to-perform</code></em></code> argument specifies the action taken when the message matches one of the conditions. There can only be one action per recipe. In many cases, the name of a mailbox is used here to direct matching messages into that file, effectively sorting the email. Special action characters may also be used before the action is specified. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Section 13.4.2.4, “Special Conditions and Actions”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">13.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id698644" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id528502" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">13.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id823265" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614889" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The action used if the recipe matches a particular message determines whether it is considered a <em class="firstterm">delivering</em> or <em class="firstterm">non-delivering</em> recipe. A delivering recipe contains an action that writes the message to a file, sends the message to another program, or forwards the message to another email address. A non-delivering recipe covers any other actions, such as a <em class="firstterm">nesting block</em>. A nesting block is a set of actions, contained in braces <code class="command">{</code> <code class="command">}</code>, that are performed on messages which match the recipe's conditions. Nesting blocks can be nested inside one another, providing greater control for identifying and performing actions on messages.
</div><div class="para">
When messages match a delivering recipe, Procmail performs the specified action and stops comparing the message against any other recipes. Messages that match non-delivering recipes continue to be compared against other recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">13.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id992280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">13.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1036873" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Flags are essential to determine how or if a recipe's conditions are compared to a message. The following flags are commonly used:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">A</code> — Specifies that this recipe is only used if the previous recipe without an <code class="command">A</code> or <code class="command">a</code> flag also matched this message.
@@ -7114,11 +7123,11 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">W</code> — Is identical to <code class="command">w</code> except that "Program failure" messages are suppressed.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For a detailed list of additional flags, refer to the <code class="filename">procmailrc</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">13.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="id412418" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">13.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="id759617" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Lockfiles are very useful with Procmail to ensure that more than one process does not try to alter a message simultaneously. Specify a local lockfile by placing a colon (<code class="command">:</code>) after any flags on a recipe's first line. This creates a local lockfile based on the destination file name plus whatever has been set in the <code class="command">LOCKEXT</code> global environment variable.
</div><div class="para">
Alternatively, specify the name of the local lockfile to be used with this recipe after the colon.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">13.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="id699086" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">13.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="id593630" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593649" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Special characters used before Procmail recipe conditions and actions change the way they are interpreted.
</div><div class="para">
The following characters may be used after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) at the beginning of a recipe's condition line:
@@ -7140,7 +7149,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">{</code> and <code class="command">}</code> — Constructs a nesting block, used to contain additional recipes to apply to matching messages.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
If no special character is used at the beginning of the action line, Procmail assumes that the action line is specifying the mailbox in which to write the message.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">13.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="id594020" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">13.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1400766" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail is an extremely flexible program, but as a result of this flexibility, composing Procmail recipes from scratch can be difficult for new users.
</div><div class="para">
The best way to develop the skills to build Procmail recipe conditions stems from a strong understanding of regular expressions combined with looking at many examples built by others. A thorough explanation of regular expressions is beyond the scope of this section. The structure of Procmail recipes and useful sample Procmail recipes can be found at various places on the Internet (such as <a href="http://www.iki.fi/era/procmail/links.html">http://www.iki.fi/era/procmail/links.html</a>). The proper use and adaptation of regular expressions can be derived by viewing these recipe examples. In addition, introductory information about basic regular expression rules can be found in the <code class="filename">grep</code> man page.
@@ -7166,7 +7175,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Any messages sent from the <code class="computeroutput">tux-lug at domain.com</code> mailing list are placed in the <code class="filename">tuxlug</code> mailbox automatically for the MUA. Note that the condition in this example matches the message if it has the mailing list's email address on the <code class="computeroutput">From</code>, <code class="computeroutput">Cc</code>, or <code class="computeroutput">To</code> lines.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the many Procmail online resources available in <a class="xref" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Section 13.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for more detailed and powerful recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-spam">13.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="id626451" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id729251" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id729265" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-spam">13.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="id952958" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id952977" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id952991" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because it is called by Sendmail, Postfix, and Fetchmail upon receiving new emails, Procmail can be used as a powerful tool for combating spam.
</div><div class="para">
This is particularly true when Procmail is used in conjunction with SpamAssassin. When used together, these two applications can quickly identify spam emails, and sort or destroy them.
@@ -7202,13 +7211,13 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
The remainder of this section focuses on securing communication between a client and a server.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-security"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Popular MUAs included with Fedora, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span> and <code class="command">mutt</code> offer SSL-encrypted email sessions.
- </div><a id="id493370" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id649089" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like any other service that flows over a network unencrypted, important email information, such as usernames, passwords, and entire messages, may be intercepted and viewed by users on the network. Additionally, since the standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols pass authentication information unencrypted, it is possible for an attacker to gain access to user accounts by collecting usernames and passwords as they are passed over the network.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-clients">13.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="id596125" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-clients">13.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="id749150" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Linux MUAs designed to check email on remote servers support SSL encryption. To use SSL when retrieving email, it must be enabled on both the email client and the server.
</div><div class="para">
SSL is easy to enable on the client-side, often done with the click of a button in the MUA's configuration window or via an option in the MUA's configuration file. Secure <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> have known port numbers (<code class="constant">993</code> and <code class="constant">995</code>, respectively) that the MUA uses to authenticate and download messages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-servers">13.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id633587" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id633606" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-servers">13.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id741198" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741217" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Offering SSL encryption to <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> users on the email server is a simple matter.
</div><div class="para">
First, create an SSL certificate. This can be done in two ways: by applying to a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<em class="firstterm">CA</em>) for an SSL certificate or by creating a self-signed certificate.
@@ -7248,9 +7257,9 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
Once you start <code class="command">stunnel</code> with the created configuration file using the <code class="command">/usr/bin/stunnel /etc/stunnel/mail.conf</code> command, it will be possible to use an <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> or a <code class="systemitem">POP</code> email client and connect to the email server using SSL encryption.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on <code class="command">stunnel</code>, refer to the <code class="command">stunnel</code> man page or the documents in the <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/stunnel-<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em> </code>/ directory, where <em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em> is the version number of <code class="command">stunnel</code>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id950652" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id950667" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id508413" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id508427" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1050860" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647765" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647780" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647794" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of additional documentation about email applications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id875611" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1026595" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Information on configuring Sendmail is included with the <code class="filename">sendmail</code> and <code class="filename">sendmail-cf</code> packages.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> — Contains information on the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, file locations for Sendmail, supported mailers, how to access enhanced features, and more.
@@ -7274,7 +7283,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<code class="filename">procmailsc</code> — Explains the weighted scoring technique used by Procmail to match a particular recipe to a message.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/spamassassin-<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>/</code> — Contains a large amount of information pertaining to SpamAssassin. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em> with the version number of the <code class="filename">spamassassin</code> package.
- </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id879048" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1039687" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.org/">http://www.sendmail.org/</a> — Offers a thorough technical breakdown of Sendmail features, documentation and configuration examples.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.com/">http://www.sendmail.com/</a> — Contains news, interviews and articles concerning Sendmail, including an expanded view of the many options available.
@@ -7290,7 +7299,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.uwasa.fi/~ts/info/proctips.html">http://www.uwasa.fi/~ts/info/proctips.html</a> — Contains dozens of tips that make using Procmail much easier. Includes instructions on how to test <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> files and use Procmail scoring to decide if a particular action should be taken.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.spamassassin.org/">http://www.spamassassin.org/</a> — The official site of the SpamAssassin project.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id460432" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id576888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail Milters: A Guide for Fighting Spam</em> by Bryan Costales and Marcia Flynt; Addison-Wesley — A good Sendmail guide that can help you customize your mail filters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail</em> by Bryan Costales with Eric Allman et al.; O'Reilly & Associates — A good Sendmail reference written with the assistance of the original creator of Delivermail and Sendmail.
@@ -7300,7 +7309,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Internet Email Protocols: A Developer's Guide</em> by Kevin Johnson; Addison-Wesley Publishing Company — Provides a very thorough review of major email protocols and the security they provide.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Managing IMAP</em> by Dianna Mullet and Kevin Mullet; O'Reilly & Associates — Details the steps required to configure an IMAP server.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 14. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></
dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id609980" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658892" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609948" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658884" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 14. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></
dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1017865" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1017829" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1017833" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1017821" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a set of open protocols used to access centrally stored information over a network. It is based on the <code class="systemitem">X.500</code> standard for directory sharing, but is less complex and resource-intensive. For this reason, LDAP is sometimes referred to as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">X.500 Lite</span>”</span>.
</div><div class="para">
Like X.500, LDAP organizes information in a hierarchical manner using directories. These directories can store a variety of information such as names, addresses, or phone numbers, and can even be used in a manner similar to the <em class="firstterm">Network Information Service</em> (<acronym class="acronym">NIS</acronym>), enabling anyone to access their account from any machine on the LDAP enabled network.
@@ -7316,17 +7325,17 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
The LDAP server supports several database systems, which gives administrators the flexibility to choose the best suited solution for the type of information they are planning to serve. Because of a well-defined client <em class="firstterm">Application Programming Interface</em> (<acronym class="acronym">API</acronym>), the number of applications able to communicate with an LDAP server is numerous, and increasing in both quantity and quality.
</div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-terminology"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-terminology">14.1.1.1. LDAP Terminology</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of LDAP-specific terms that are used within this chapter:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id603208" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id717271" class="indexterm"></a>
entry </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A single unit within an LDAP directory. Each entry is identified by its unique <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>).
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id576885" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id717228" class="indexterm"></a>
attribute </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Information directly associated with an entry. For example, if an organization is represented as an LDAP entry, attributes associated with this organization might include an address, a fax number, etc. Similarly, people can be represented as entries with common attributes such as personal telephone number or email address.
</div><div class="para">
An attribute can either have a single value, or an unordered space-separated list of values. While certain attributes are optional, other are required. Required attributes are specified using the <code class="option">objectClass</code> definition, and can be found in schema files located in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
The assertion of an attribute and its corresponding value is also referred to as a <em class="firstterm">Relative Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">RDN</acronym>). Unlike distinguished names that are unique globally, a relative distinguished name is only unique per entry.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id576816" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1175114" class="indexterm"></a>
LDIF </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">LDAP Data Interchange Format</em> (<acronym class="acronym">LDIF</acronym>) is a plain text representation of an LDAP entry. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em></span>] dn: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em>
@@ -7334,7 +7343,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em>: <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em>…
…</pre><div class="para">
The optional <em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em> is a number determined by the application that is used to edit the entry. Each entry can contain as many <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em> pairs as needed, as long as they are all defined in a corresponding schema file. A blank line indicates the end of an entry.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-features">14.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id619475" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-features">14.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id714841" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OpenLDAP suite provides a number of important features:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>LDAPv3 Support</em></span> — Many of the changes in the protocol since LDAP version 2 are designed to make LDAP more secure. Among other improvements, this includes the support for Simple Authentication and Security Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SASL</acronym>), Transport Layer Security (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), and Secure Sockets Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) protocols.
@@ -7348,7 +7357,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Updated C API</em></span> — The current C API improves the way programmers can connect to and use LDAP directory servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Enhanced Standalone LDAP Server</em></span> — This includes an updated access control system, thread pooling, better tools, and much more.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-setup">14.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="id480660" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-setup">14.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="id505268" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The typical steps to set up an LDAP server on Fedora are as follows:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Install the OpenLDAP suite. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Section 14.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> for more information on required packages.
@@ -7360,7 +7369,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">ldapadd</code> utility to add entries to the LDAP directory.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">ldapsearch</code> utility to verify that the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service is accessing the information correctly.
- </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="id781488" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id765995" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="id711319" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id711302" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The suite of OpenLDAP libraries and tools is provided by the following packages:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap"><h6>Table 14.1. List of OpenLDAP packages</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP packages" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="package" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Package
@@ -7405,7 +7414,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
For example, to perform the basic LDAP server installation, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers</code></pre><div class="para">
Note that you must have superuser privileges (that is, you must be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>) to run this command. For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">14.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id615316" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">14.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id561194" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To perform administrative tasks, the <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package installs the following utilities along with the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><h6>Table 14.3. List of OpenLDAP server utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP server utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Command
@@ -7455,7 +7464,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
To preserve the data integrity, stop the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service before using <code class="command">slapadd</code>, <code class="command">slapcat</code>, or <code class="command">slapindex</code>. You can do so by typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-running">Section 14.1.4, “Running an OpenLDAP Server”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">14.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id577307" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">14.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id640373" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">openldap-clients</span> package installs the following utilities which can be used to add, modify, and delete entries in an LDAP directory:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><h6>Table 14.4. List of OpenLDAP client utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP client utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Command
@@ -7503,7 +7512,7 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
Allows you to perform a <code class="option">whoami</code> operation on an LDAP server.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
With the exception of <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, each of these utilities is more easily used by referencing a file containing the changes to be made rather than typing a command for each entry to be changed within an LDAP directory. The format of such a file is outlined in the man page for each utility.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications">14.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id771782" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications">14.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id789623" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although there are various graphical LDAP clients capable of creating and modifying directories on the server, none of them is included in Fedora. Popular applications that can access directories in a read-only mode include <span class="application"><strong>Mozilla Thunderbird</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>Ekiga</strong></span>.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/</code> directory. The following table highlights the most important directories and files within this directory:
@@ -7512,12 +7521,12 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
</th><th>
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <a id="id511424" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id844686" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/ldap.conf</code>
</td><td>
The configuration file for client applications that use the OpenLDAP libraries. This includes <code class="command">ldapadd</code>, <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, etc.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id511364" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id844643" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code>
</td><td>
The directory containing the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration.
@@ -7527,9 +7536,9 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration consists of LDIF entries organized in a hierarchical directory structure, and the recommended way to edit these entries is to use the server utilities described in <a class="xref" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Section 14.1.2.1, “Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities”</a>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not edit LDIF files directly</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
An error in an LDIF file can render the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service unable to start. Because of this, it is strongly advised that you avoid editing the LDIF files within the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directly.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global">14.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id474034" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id474019" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global">14.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id592523" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592501" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Global configuration options for the LDAP server are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id584546" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id620455" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcAllows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcAllows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to enable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcAllows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -7558,17 +7567,17 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">proxy_authz_anon</code>
</td><td>
Enables processing of anonymous proxy authorization control.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 14.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1110622" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 14.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1014987" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an anonymous session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 14.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id890083" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 14.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id731802" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an authenticated session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">1000</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 14.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id511750" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 14.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id731732" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcDisallows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcDisallows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to disable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcDisallows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -7593,39 +7602,39 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">tls_authc</code>
</td><td>
Disallows the STARTTLS command when authenticated.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 14.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id574737" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 14.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id556587" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing an idle connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 14.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id574654" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 14.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id556503" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcLogFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcLogFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file in which to write log messages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcLogFile</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The log messages are written to standard error by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 14.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id522842" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 14.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1420121" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReferral</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReferral</code> option allows you to specify a URL of a server to process the request in case the server is not able to handle it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReferral</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>URL</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 14.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id433722" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 14.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id935045" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> option allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing a connection with an outstanding write request. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 14.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database">14.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id489056" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489028" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 14.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database">14.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id944454" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578071" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP server uses Berkeley DB (BDB) as a database back end. The configuration for this database is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used in a database-specific configuration:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id489013" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id578035" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> directive allows you to use the database in a read-only mode. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReadOnly</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts either <code class="option">TRUE</code> (enable the read-only mode), or <code class="option">FALSE</code> (enable modifications of the database). The default option is <code class="option">FALSE</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 14.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id608341" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 14.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1156278" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootDN</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive allows you to specify the user that is unrestricted by access controls or administrative limit parameters set for operations on the LDAP directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootDN</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">cn=Manager,dn=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 14.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id551594" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 14.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id944461" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootPW</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootPW</code> directive allows you to set a password for the user that is specified using the <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootPW</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -7633,38 +7642,38 @@ connect = 143</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">slappaswd</code>
New password:
Re-enter new password:
-{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 14.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id895826" class="indexterm"></a>
+{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 14.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id1401238" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcSuffix</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcSuffix</code> directive allows you to specify the domain for which to provide information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcSuffix</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">dc=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 14.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema">14.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1334012" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1333991" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 14.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema">14.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="id699988" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Since OpenLDAP 2.3, the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directory also contains LDAP definitions that were previously located in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/schema/</code>. It is possible to extend the schema used by OpenLDAP to support additional attribute types and object classes using the default schema files as a guide. However, this task is beyond the scope of this chapter. For more information on this topic, refer to <a href="http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html">http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1333946" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id546639" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This section describes how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <span class="application"><strong>Standalone LDAP Daemon</strong></span>. For more information on how to manage system services in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-starting">14.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id801324" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-starting">14.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id546606" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the service to start automatically at the boot time, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping">14.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id801262" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping">14.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id968484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at the boot time, type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl disable slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting">14.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id497884" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting">14.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id850926" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To restart the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This stops the service, and then starts it again. Use this command to reload the configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-status">14.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id645229" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-status">14.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1070675" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check whether the service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl is-active slapd.service</code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-pam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to configure a system to authenticate using OpenLDAP, make sure that the appropriate packages are installed on both LDAP server and client machines. For information on how to set up the server, follow the instructions in <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Section 14.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> and <a class="xref" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Section 14.1.3, “Configuring an OpenLDAP Server”</a>. On a client, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install openldap openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd</code></pre><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#ch-Configuring_Authentication">Chapter 8, <em>Configuring Authentication</em></a> provides detailed instructions on how to configure applications to use LDAP for authentication.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools">14.1.5.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="id573589" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools">14.1.5.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="id616646" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">migrationtools</span> package provides a set of shell and Perl scripts to help you migrate authentication information into an LDAP format. To install this package, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install migrationtools</code></pre><div class="para">
This will install the scripts to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/</code> directory. Once installed, edit the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph</code> file and change the following lines to reflect the correct domain, for example:
@@ -7777,13 +7786,13 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
A book covering LDAP design principles, as well as its deployment in a production environment.
</div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-File_and_Print_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 15. File and Print Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="fi
lename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="#s1-printing-jetdirect-printer">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-select-model">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-test-page">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-edit">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-printing-additional-resources">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
This chapter guides you through the installation and configuration of <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, an open source implementation of the <em class="firstterm">Server Message Block</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SMB</acronym>) protocol, and <span class="application"><strong>vsftpd</strong></span>, the primary FTP server shipped with Fedora. Additionally, it explains how to use the <span class="application"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> tool to configure printers.
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="id876727" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id459636" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="id655900" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1370654" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Samba</em> is an open source implementation of the <em class="firstterm">Server Message Block</em> (<code class="systemitem">SMB</code>) protocol. It allows the networking of Microsoft <span class="trademark">Windows</span>®, Linux, UNIX, and other operating systems together, enabling access to Windows-based file and printer shares. Samba's use of <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> allows it to appear as a Windows server to Windows clients.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">samba</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install samba</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with Yum, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id594494" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1370717" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The third major release of Samba, version 3.0.0, introduced numerous improvements from prior versions, including:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The ability to join an Active Directory domain by means of the <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</em> (<code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>) and <em class="firstterm">Kerberos</em>
@@ -7793,7 +7802,7 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
Support for all recent Microsoft Windows server and client versions to connect to Samba servers without needing local registry hacking
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Two new documents developed by the Samba.org team, which include a 400+ page reference manual, and a 300+ page implementation and integration manual. For more information about these published titles, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-samba-resources-published">Section 15.1.12.2, “Related Books”</a>.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-abilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-abilities">15.1.1.1. Samba Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id459614" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-abilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-abilities">15.1.1.1. Samba Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id549932" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is a powerful and versatile server application. Even seasoned system administrators must know its abilities and limitations before attempting installation and configuration.
</div><div class="para">
What Samba can do:
@@ -7819,25 +7828,25 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
Act as a BDC for a Windows PDC (and vice versa)
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Act as an Active Directory domain controller
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-daemons"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="id943494" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-daemons"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1037998" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a brief introduction to the individual Samba daemons and services.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-services">15.1.2.1. Samba Daemons</h4></div></div></div><a id="id943469" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-services">15.1.2.1. Samba Daemons</h4></div></div></div><a id="id596875" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is comprised of three daemons (<code class="command">smbd</code>, <code class="command">nmbd</code>, and <code class="command">winbindd</code>). Three services (<code class="command">smb</code>, <code class="command">nmb</code>, and <code class="command">winbind</code>) control how the daemons are started, stopped, and other service-related features. These services act as different init scripts. Each daemon is listed in detail below, as well as which specific service has control over it.
- </div><h5> <code class="command">smbd</code> </h5><a id="id943405" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h5> <code class="command">smbd</code> </h5><a id="id596811" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbd</code> server daemon provides file sharing and printing services to Windows clients. In addition, it is responsible for user authentication, resource locking, and data sharing through the <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> protocol. The default ports on which the server listens for <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> traffic are <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> ports <code class="constant">139</code> and <code class="constant">445</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="command">smb</code> service.
- </div><h5> <code class="command">nmbd</code> </h5><a id="id494208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h5> <code class="command">nmbd</code> </h5><a id="id909926" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">nmbd</code> server daemon understands and replies to NetBIOS name service requests such as those produced by SMB/<em class="firstterm">Common Internet File System</em> (CIFS) in Windows-based systems. These systems include Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and LanManager clients. It also participates in the browsing protocols that make up the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span> view. The default port that the server listens to for <code class="systemitem">NMB</code> traffic is <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> port <code class="systemitem">137</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">nmbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="command">nmb</code> service.
- </div><h5> <code class="command">winbindd</code> </h5><a id="id607000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h5> <code class="command">winbindd</code> </h5><a id="id1045257" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">winbind</code> service resolves user and group information on a server running Windows NT, 2000, 2003 or Windows Server 2008. This makes Windows user / group information understandable by UNIX platforms. This is achieved by using Microsoft RPC calls, <em class="firstterm">Pluggable Authentication Modules</em> (PAM), and the <em class="firstterm">Name Service Switch</em> (NSS). This allows Windows NT domain users to appear and operate as UNIX users on a UNIX machine. Though bundled with the Samba distribution, the <code class="command">winbind</code> service is controlled separately from the <code class="command">smb</code> service.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="command">winbind</code> service and does not require the <code class="command">smb</code> service to be started in order to operate. <code class="command">winbindd</code> is also used when Samba is an Active Directory member, and may also be used on a Samba domain controller (to implement nested groups and/or interdomain trust). Because <code class="command">winbind</code> is a client-side service used to connect to Windows NT-based servers, further discussion of <code class="command">winbind</code> is beyond the scope of this chapter.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Obtaining a list of utilities that are shipped with Samba</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You may refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-samba-programs">Section 15.1.11, “Samba Distribution Programs”</a> for a list of utilities included in the Samba distribution.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-connect-share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="id659471" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-connect-share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1369609" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> to view available Samba shares on your network. To view a list of Samba workgroups and domains on your network, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Accessories</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Files</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Browse Network</strong></span> at the sidebar.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-samba-nautilus-workgroups"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/samba-nautilus-domain.png" alt="Browsing a network in Nautilus" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Browsing a network in Nautilus
@@ -7847,9 +7856,9 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
Each machine within the workgroup is represented by its own icon. Double-click on an icon to view the Samba shares on the machine. If a username and password combination is required, you are prompted for them.
</div><div class="para">
Alternately, you can also specify the Samba server and sharename in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Location:</strong></span> bar for <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> using the following syntax (replace <em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the appropriate values):
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">15.1.3.1. Command Line</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1083994" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1083975" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1083963" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">15.1.3.1. Command Line</h4></div></div></div><a id="id558189" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1378399" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1378387" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To query the network for Samba servers, use the <code class="command">findsmb</code> command. For each server found, it displays its <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address, NetBIOS name, workgroup name, operating system, and <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> server version.
- </div><a id="id1083931" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1083901" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1378355" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702783" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To connect to a Samba share from a shell prompt, type the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbclient //<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> -U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> with the hostname or <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address of the Samba server you want to connect to, <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the name of the shared directory you want to browse, and <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the Samba username for the system. Enter the correct password or press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> if no password is required for the user.
@@ -7857,7 +7866,7 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
If you see the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt, you have successfully logged in. Once you are logged in, type <strong class="userinput"><code>help</code></strong> for a list of commands. If you wish to browse the contents of your home directory, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with your username. If the <code class="command">-U</code> switch is not used, the username of the current user is passed to the Samba server.
</div><div class="para">
To exit <code class="command">smbclient</code>, type <strong class="userinput"><code>exit</code></strong> at the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-mounting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-samba-mounting">15.1.3.2. Mounting the Share</h4></div></div></div><a id="id475601" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-mounting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-samba-mounting">15.1.3.2. Mounting the Share</h4></div></div></div><a id="id647299" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to mount a Samba share to a directory so that the files in the directory can be treated as if they are part of the local file system.
</div><div class="para">
To mount a Samba share to a directory, create a directory to mount it to (if it does not already exist), and execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -7875,11 +7884,11 @@ $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=example,dc=com";</pre><div class="para">
Some CIFS servers require plain text passwords for authentication. Support for plain text password authentication can be enabled using the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">echo 0x37 > /proc/fs/cifs/SecurityFlags</code></pre><div class="para">
WARNING: This operation can expose passwords by removing password encryption.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id563871" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id955154" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id702856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702836" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default configuration file (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) allows users to view their home directories as a Samba share. It also shares all printers configured for the system as Samba shared printers. In other words, you can attach a printer to the system and print to it from the Windows machines on your network.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui">15.1.4.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id955113" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui">15.1.4.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id702790" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure Samba using a graphical interface, use one of the available Samba graphical user interfaces. A list of available GUIs can be found at <a href="http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/">http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">15.1.4.2. Command Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id477537" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">15.1.4.2. Command Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id556840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba uses <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> as its configuration file. If you change this configuration file, the changes do not take effect until you restart the Samba daemon with the following command, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart smb.service</code></pre>
@@ -7901,7 +7910,7 @@ create mask = 0765</pre><div class="para">
The above example allows the users <code class="command">tfox</code> and <code class="command">carole</code> to read and write to the directory <code class="filename">/home/share</code>, on the Samba server, from a Samba client.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-encrypted-passwords"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">15.1.4.3. Encrypted Passwords</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Encrypted passwords are enabled by default because it is more secure to do so. To create a user with an encrypted password, use the command <code class="command">smbpasswd -a <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> </code>.
- </div><a id="id697948" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id757677" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751709" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1002338" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1529666" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id879544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id791351" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-startstop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1334143" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699357" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id845586" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id611472" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id679070" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1011393" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id780351" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id641301" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797066" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id731158" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1086797" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659542" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-startstop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id640775" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1032441" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1022284" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id920149" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id716262" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start a Samba server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start smb.service</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Setting up a domain member server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To set up a domain member server, you must first join the domain or Active Directory using the <code class="command">net join</code> command <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting the <code class="command">smb</code> service.
@@ -7921,13 +7930,13 @@ create mask = 0765</pre><div class="para">
A manual reload of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file can be useful in case of a failed automatic reload by the <code class="command">smb</code> service. To ensure that the Samba server configuration file is reloaded without restarting the service, type the following command, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl reload smb.service</code></pre><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">smb</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure Samba to start at boot time, use a service manager such as <code class="command">systemctl</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information regarding this tool.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id721113" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id759105" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id576396" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1135776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba configuration is straightforward. All modifications to Samba are done in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration file. Although the default <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is well documented, it does not address complex topics such as LDAP, Active Directory, and the numerous domain controller implementations.
</div><div class="para">
The following sections describe the different ways a Samba server can be configured. Keep in mind your needs and the changes required to the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a successful configuration.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-standalone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-standalone">15.1.6.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id957775" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-standalone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-standalone">15.1.6.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id834099" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A stand-alone server can be a workgroup server or a member of a workgroup environment. A stand-alone server is not a domain controller and does not participate in a domain in any way. The following examples include several anonymous share-level security configurations and one user-level security configuration. For more information on share-level and user-level security modes, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-samba-security-modes">Section 15.1.7, “Samba Security Modes”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">15.1.6.1.1. Anonymous Read-Only</h5></div></div></div><a id="id766056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">15.1.6.1.1. Anonymous Read-Only</h5></div></div></div><a id="id593197" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read-only file sharing. The <code class="command">security = share</code> parameter makes a share anonymous. Note, security levels for a single Samba server cannot be mixed. The <code class="command">security</code> directive is a global Samba parameter located in the <code class="command">[global]</code> configuration section of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -7937,7 +7946,7 @@ security = share
comment = Documentation Samba Server
path = /export
read only = Yes
-guest only = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">15.1.6.1.2. Anonymous Read/Write</h5></div></div></div><a id="id636204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+guest only = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">15.1.6.1.2. Anonymous Read/Write</h5></div></div></div><a id="id967981" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read/write file sharing. To enable anonymous read/write file sharing, set the <code class="command">read only</code> directive to <code class="command">no</code>. The <code class="command">force user</code> and <code class="command">force group</code> directives are also added to enforce the ownership of any newly placed files specified in the share.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use anonymous read/write servers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although having an anonymous read/write server is possible, it is not recommended. Any files placed in the share space, regardless of user, are assigned the user/group combination as specified by a generic user (<code class="command">force user</code>) and group (<code class="command">force group</code>) in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file.
@@ -7951,7 +7960,7 @@ path = /export
force user = docsbot
force group = users
read only = No
-guest ok = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">15.1.6.1.3. Anonymous Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id883954" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+guest ok = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">15.1.6.1.3. Anonymous Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id736496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an anonymous print server. Setting <code class="command">browseable</code> to <code class="command">no</code> as shown does not list the printer in Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Although hidden from browsing, configuring the printer explicitly is possible. By connecting to <code class="command">DOCS_SRV</code> using NetBIOS, the client can have access to the printer if the client is also part of the <code class="command">DOCS</code> workgroup. It is also assumed that the client has the correct local printer driver installed, as the <code class="command">use client driver</code> directive is set to <code class="command">Yes</code>. In this case, the Samba server has no responsibility for sharing printer drivers to the client.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -7967,7 +7976,7 @@ path = /var/spool/samba
guest ok = Yes
printable = Yes
use client driver = Yes
-browseable = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">15.1.6.1.4. Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id542346" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">15.1.6.1.4. Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id713142" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a secure read/write print server. Setting the <code class="command">security</code> directive to <code class="command">user</code> forces Samba to authenticate client connections. Notice the <code class="command">[homes]</code> share does not have a <code class="command">force user</code> or <code class="command">force group</code> directive as the <code class="command">[public]</code> share does. The <code class="command">[homes]</code> share uses the authenticated user details for any files created as opposed to the <code class="command">force user</code> and <code class="command">force group</code> in <code class="command">[public]</code>.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -7996,9 +8005,9 @@ create mask = 0600
guest ok = Yes
printable = Yes
use client driver = Yes
-browseable = Yes</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-member"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-member">15.1.6.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1329854" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = Yes</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-member"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-member">15.1.6.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id948581" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain member, while similar to a stand-alone server, is logged into a domain controller (either Windows or Samba) and is subject to the domain's security rules. An example of a domain member server would be a departmental server running Samba that has a machine account on the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). All of the department's clients still authenticate with the PDC, and desktop profiles and all network policy files are included. The difference is that the departmental server has the ability to control printer and network shares.
- </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads">15.1.6.2.1. Active Directory Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id1004994" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads">15.1.6.2.1. Active Directory Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id630877" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an Active Directory domain member server. In this example, Samba authenticates users for services being run locally but is also a client of the Active Directory. Ensure that your kerberos <code class="command">realm</code> parameter is shown in all caps (for example <code class="command">realm = EXAMPLE.COM</code>). Since Windows 2000/2003/2008 requires Kerberos for Active Directory authentication, the <code class="command">realm</code> directive is required. If Active Directory and Kerberos are running on different servers, the <code class="command">password server</code> directive may be required to help the distinction.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
realm = EXAMPLE.COM
@@ -8025,7 +8034,7 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com</pre><div class="para">
Since the machine <code class="command">windows1</code> was automatically found in the corresponding Kerberos realm (the <code class="command">kinit</code> command succeeded), the <code class="command">net</code> command connects to the Active Directory server using its required administrator account and password. This creates the appropriate machine account on the Active Directory and grants permissions to the Samba domain member server to join the domain.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The security option</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Since <code class="command">security = ads</code> and not <code class="command">security = user</code> is used, a local password back end such as <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> is not needed. Older clients that do not support <code class="command">security = ads</code> are authenticated as if <code class="command">security = domain</code> had been set. This change does not affect functionality and allows local users not previously in the domain.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">15.1.6.2.2. Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id607866" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">15.1.6.2.2. Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id1086820" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a Windows NT4-based domain member server. Becoming a member server of an NT4-based domain is similar to connecting to an Active Directory. The main difference is NT4-based domains do not use Kerberos in their authentication method, making the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file simpler. In this instance, the Samba member server functions as a pass through to the NT4-based domain server.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -8047,13 +8056,13 @@ guest ok = Yes</pre><div class="para">
After configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, join the domain <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting Samba by typing the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">net rpc join -U administrator%password</code></pre></div></div><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="option">-S</code> option, which specifies the domain server hostname, does not need to be stated in the <code class="command">net rpc join</code> command. Samba uses the hostname specified by the <code class="command">workgroup</code> directive in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file instead of it being stated explicitly.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-controller">15.1.6.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="id570693" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-controller">15.1.6.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="id740269" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain controller in Windows NT is functionally similar to a Network Information Service (NIS) server in a Linux environment. Domain controllers and NIS servers both host user/group information databases as well as related services. Domain controllers are mainly used for security, including the authentication of users accessing domain resources. The service that maintains the user/group database integrity is called the <em class="firstterm">Security Account Manager</em> (SAM). The SAM database is stored differently between Windows and Linux Samba-based systems, therefore SAM replication cannot be achieved and platforms cannot be mixed in a PDC/BDC environment.
</div><div class="para">
In a Samba environment, there can be only one PDC and zero or more BDCs.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>A mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Samba cannot exist in a mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment (Samba cannot be a BDC of a Windows PDC or vice versa). Alternatively, Samba PDCs and BDCs <span class="emphasis"><em>can</em></span> coexist.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">15.1.6.3.1. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using <code class="command">tdbsam</code> </h5></div></div></div><a id="id737216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">15.1.6.3.1. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using <code class="command">tdbsam</code> </h5></div></div></div><a id="id646386" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The simplest and most common implementation of a Samba PDC uses the new default <code class="command">tdbsam</code> password database back end. Replacing the aging <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end, <code class="command">tdbsam</code> has numerous improvements that are explained in more detail in <a class="xref" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Section 15.1.8, “Samba Account Information Databases”</a>. The <code class="command">passdb backend</code> directive controls which back end is to be used for the PDC.
</div><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a <code class="command">tdbsam</code> password database back end.
@@ -8127,11 +8136,11 @@ domain master = Yes
Windows groups and users use the same namespace thus not allowing the existence of a group and a user with the same name like in UNIX.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Limitations of the tdbsam authentication back end</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you need more than one domain controller or have more than 250 users, do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use a <code class="command">tdbsam</code> authentication back end. LDAP is recommended in these cases.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads">15.1.6.3.2. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h5></div></div></div><a id="id707226" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads">15.1.6.3.2. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h5></div></div></div><a id="id1057562" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible for Samba to be a member of an Active Directory, it is not possible for Samba to operate as an Active Directory domain controller.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-security-modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id601722" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-security-modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id638909" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are only two types of security modes for Samba, <span class="emphasis"><em>share-level</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>user-level</em></span>, which are collectively known as <span class="emphasis"><em><em class="firstterm">security levels</em> </em></span>. Share-level security can only be implemented in one way, while user-level security can be implemented in one of four different ways. The different ways of implementing a security level are called <span class="emphasis"><em><em class="firstterm">security modes</em></em></span>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-user-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-user-level">15.1.7.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id542119" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-user-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-user-level">15.1.7.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id903407" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User-level security is the default setting for Samba. Even if the <code class="command">security = user</code> directive is not listed in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, it is used by Samba. If the server accepts the client's username/password, the client can then mount multiple shares without specifying a password for each instance. Samba can also accept session-based username/password requests. The client maintains multiple authentication contexts by using a unique UID for each logon.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the <code class="command">security = user</code> directive that sets user-level security is:
@@ -8140,13 +8149,13 @@ domain master = Yes
security = user
...</pre><div class="para">
The following sections describe other implementations of user-level security.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode">15.1.7.1.1. Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id836798" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode">15.1.7.1.1. Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id795056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In domain security mode, the Samba server has a machine account (domain security trust account) and causes all authentication requests to be passed through to the domain controllers. The Samba server is made into a domain member server by using the following directives in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[GLOBAL]
...
security = domain
workgroup = MARKETING
-...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode">15.1.7.1.2. Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id1338150" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode">15.1.7.1.2. Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id704824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have an Active Directory environment, it is possible to join the domain as a native Active Directory member. Even if a security policy restricts the use of NT-compatible authentication protocols, the Samba server can join an ADS using Kerberos. Samba in Active Directory member mode can accept Kerberos tickets.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the following directives make Samba an Active Directory member server:
@@ -8155,7 +8164,7 @@ workgroup = MARKETING
security = ADS
realm = EXAMPLE.COM
password server = kerberos.example.com
-...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode">15.1.7.1.3. Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id496997" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode">15.1.7.1.3. Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id584096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Server security mode was previously used when Samba was not capable of acting as a domain member server.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using the server security mode</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is highly recommended to <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use this mode since there are numerous security drawbacks.
@@ -8166,18 +8175,18 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com
encrypt passwords = Yes
security = server
password server = "NetBIOS_of_Domain_Controller"
-...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-share-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-share-level">15.1.7.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id893757" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-share-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-share-level">15.1.7.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id689204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
With share-level security, the server accepts only a password without an explicit username from the client. The server expects a password for each share, independent of the username. There have been recent reports that Microsoft Windows clients have compatibility issues with share-level security servers. Samba developers strongly discourage use of share-level security.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the <code class="command">security = share</code> directive that sets share-level security is:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[GLOBAL]
...
security = share
-...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="id577600" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="id951199" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The latest release of Samba offers many new features including new password database back ends not previously available. Samba version 3.0.0 fully supports all databases used in previous versions of Samba. However, although supported, many back ends may not be suitable for production use.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a list different back ends you can use with Samba. Other back ends not listed here may also be available.
- </div><a id="id496267" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id438546" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485202" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id740459" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id967827" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id633719" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id946263" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739507" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618588" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id597854" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id908607" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646371" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515648" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id916591" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741942" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id715702" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567740" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id697543" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Plain text back ends are nothing more than the <code class="command">/etc/passwd</code> type back ends. With a plain text back end, all usernames and passwords are sent unencrypted between the client and the Samba server. This method is very unsecure and is not recommended for use by any means. It is possible that different Windows clients connecting to the Samba server with plain text passwords cannot support such an authentication method.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A popular back end used in previous Samba packages, the <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end utilizes a plain ASCII text layout that includes the MS Windows LanMan and NT account, and encrypted password information. The <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end lacks the storage of the Windows NT/2000/2003 SAM extended controls. The <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end is not recommended because it does not scale well or hold any Windows information, such as RIDs for NT-based groups. The <code class="command">tdbsam</code> back end solves these issues for use in a smaller database (250 users), but is still not an enterprise-class solution.
@@ -8195,17 +8204,17 @@ security = share
As such, if you are using the <code class="command">ldapsam</code> back end for your Samba server, you will need to configure <code class="command">slapd</code> to include one of these schema file. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Section 14.1.3.3, “Extending Schema”</a> for directions on how to do this.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure the openldap-server package is installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You need to have the <code class="filename">openldap-server</code> package installed if you want to use the <code class="command">ldapsam</code> back end.
- </div></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-network-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="id603723" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603978" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-network-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1043200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1083968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Network browsing</em> enables Windows and Samba servers to appear in the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Inside the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>, icons are represented as servers and if opened, the server's shares and printers that are available are displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Network browsing capabilities require NetBIOS over <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code>. NetBIOS-based networking uses broadcast (<code class="systemitem">UDP</code>) messaging to accomplish browse list management. Without NetBIOS and WINS as the primary method for <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code> hostname resolution, other methods such as static files (<code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code>) or <code class="systemitem">DNS</code>, must be used.
</div><div class="para">
A domain master browser collates the browse lists from local master browsers on all subnets so that browsing can occur between workgroups and subnets. Also, the domain master browser should preferably be the local master browser for its own subnet.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing">15.1.9.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="id745759" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing">15.1.9.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="id537213" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a Windows server PDC for a domain is also the domain master browser for that domain. A Samba server must <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be set up as a domain master server in this type of situation
</div><div class="para">
For subnets that do not include the Windows server PDC, a Samba server can be implemented as a local master browser. Configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a local master browser (or no browsing at all) in a domain controller environment is the same as workgroup configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-wins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-wins">15.1.9.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id567164" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id573168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-wins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-wins">15.1.9.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1041464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id520728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Either a Samba server or a Windows NT server can function as a WINS server. When a WINS server is used with NetBIOS enabled, UDP unicasts can be routed which allows name resolution across networks. Without a WINS server, the UDP broadcast is limited to the local subnet and therefore cannot be routed to other subnets, workgroups, or domains. If WINS replication is necessary, do not use Samba as your primary WINS server, as Samba does not currently support WINS replication.
</div><div class="para">
In a mixed NT/2000/2003/2008 server and Samba environment, it is recommended that you use the Microsoft WINS capabilities. In a Samba-only environment, it is recommended that you use <span class="emphasis"><em>only one</em></span> Samba server for WINS.
@@ -8214,9 +8223,9 @@ security = share
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
wins support = Yes</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using WINS</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
All servers (including Samba) should connect to a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. Without WINS, browsing only occurs on the local subnet. Furthermore, even if a domain-wide list is somehow obtained, hosts cannot be resolved for the client without WINS.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-cups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1320222" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-cups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="id819153" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba allows client machines to share printers connected to the Samba server. In addition, Samba also allows client machines to send documents built in Linux to Windows printer shares. Although there are other printing systems that function with Fedora, CUPS (Common UNIX Print System) is the recommended printing system due to its close integration with Samba.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">15.1.10.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="id666201" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">15.1.10.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="id736675" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following example shows a very basic <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration for CUPS support:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
load printers = Yes
@@ -8241,7 +8250,7 @@ printer admin = ed, john</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">print$</code> directive contains printer drivers for clients to access if not available locally. The <code class="command">print$</code> directive is optional and may not be required depending on the organization.
</div><div class="para">
Setting <code class="command">browseable</code> to <code class="command">Yes</code> enables the printer to be viewed in the Windows Network Neighborhood, provided the Samba server is set up correctly in the domain/workgroup.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id437662" class="indexterm"></a><h4> <code class="filename">findsmb</code> </h4><a id="id896316" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id938609" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">findsmb <em class="replaceable"><code>subnet_broadcast_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id907570" class="indexterm"></a><h4> <code class="filename">findsmb</code> </h4><a id="id704581" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504276" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">findsmb <em class="replaceable"><code>subnet_broadcast_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">findsmb</code> program is a Perl script which reports information about <code class="systemitem">SMB</code>-aware systems on a specific subnet. If no subnet is specified the local subnet is used. Items displayed include <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address, NetBIOS name, workgroup or domain name, operating system, and version.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows the output of executing <code class="command">findsmb</code> as any valid user on a system:
@@ -8256,7 +8265,7 @@ IP ADDR NETBIOS NAME WORKGROUP/OS/VERSION
10.1.57.141 JAWS +[KWIKIMART] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]
10.1.56.159 FRED +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 3.0.0-14.3E]
10.1.59.192 LEGION *[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7-security-rollup-fix]
-10.1.56.205 NANCYN +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]</pre><h4> <code class="filename">net</code> </h4><a id="id468665" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id474619" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol function misc_options target_options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+10.1.56.205 NANCYN +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]</pre><h4> <code class="filename">net</code> </h4><a id="id793802" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id903396" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol function misc_options target_options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">net</code> utility is similar to the <code class="command">net</code> utility used for Windows and MS-DOS. The first argument is used to specify the protocol to use when executing a command. The <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> </code> option can be <code class="command">ads</code>, <code class="command">rap</code>, or <code class="command">rpc</code> for specifying the type of server connection. Active Directory uses <code class="command">ads</code>, Win9x/NT3 uses <code class="command">rap</code>, and Windows NT4/2000/2003/2008 uses <code class="command">rpc</code>. If the protocol is omitted, <code class="command">net</code> automatically tries to determine it.
</div><div class="para">
The following example displays a list the available shares for a host named <code class="command">wakko</code>:
@@ -8276,13 +8285,13 @@ User name Comment
-----------------------------
andriusb Documentation
joe Marketing
-lisa Sales</pre><h4> <code class="filename">nmblookup</code> </h4><a id="id729848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1060780" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code>options netbios_name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+lisa Sales</pre><h4> <code class="filename">nmblookup</code> </h4><a id="id519819" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1043609" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code>options netbios_name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">nmblookup</code> program resolves NetBIOS names into <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses. The program broadcasts its query on the local subnet until the target machine replies.
</div><div class="para">
Here is an example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">nmblookup trek</code>
querying trek on 10.1.59.255
-10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4> <code class="filename">pdbedit</code> </h4><a id="id575168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id902787" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4> <code class="filename">pdbedit</code> </h4><a id="id841087" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id874580" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">pdbedit</code> program manages accounts located in the SAM database. All back ends are supported including <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code>, LDAP, and the <code class="filename">tdb</code> database library.
</div><div class="para">
The following are examples of adding, deleting, and listing users:
@@ -8336,23 +8345,23 @@ lisa:504:
kristin:506:
<strong class="userinput"><code>~]$ pdbedit -x joe</code></strong>
<strong class="userinput"><code>~]$ pdbedit -L</code></strong>
-andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4> <code class="filename">rpcclient</code> </h4><a id="id1011775" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id721059" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code>server options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4> <code class="filename">rpcclient</code> </h4><a id="id496835" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id633850" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code>server options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">rpcclient</code> program issues administrative commands using Microsoft RPCs, which provide access to the Windows administration graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for systems management. This is most often used by advanced users that understand the full complexity of Microsoft RPCs.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcacls</code> </h4><a id="id1351532" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500936" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share filename options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcacls</code> </h4><a id="id654774" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797215" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share filename options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbcacls</code> program modifies Windows ACLs on files and directories shared by a Samba server or a Windows server.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbclient</code> </h4><a id="id643716" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id800659" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share password options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbclient</code> </h4><a id="id1028631" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1424687" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share password options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbclient</code> program is a versatile UNIX client which provides functionality similar to <code class="command">ftp</code>.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcontrol</code> </h4><a id="id759154" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id621900" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code>options destination messagetype parameters</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcontrol</code> </h4><a id="id734935" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1433078" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code>options destination messagetype parameters</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbcontrol</code> program sends control messages to running <code class="command">smbd</code>, <code class="command">nmbd</code>, or <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemons. Executing <code class="command">smbcontrol -i</code> runs commands interactively until a blank line or a <em class="parameter"><code>'q'</code></em> is entered.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> </h4><a id="id1056831" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id975347" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code>options username password</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> </h4><a id="id768449" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id789369" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code>options username password</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> program manages encrypted passwords. This program can be run by a superuser to change any user's password as well as by an ordinary user to change their own Samba password.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbspool</code> </h4><a id="id616253" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id611530" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code>job user title copies options filename</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbspool</code> </h4><a id="id696674" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id912726" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code>job user title copies options filename</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbspool</code> program is a CUPS-compatible printing interface to Samba. Although designed for use with CUPS printers, <code class="command">smbspool</code> can work with non-CUPS printers as well.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbstatus</code> </h4><a id="id975334" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id605104" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbstatus</code> </h4><a id="id963563" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id974514" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbstatus</code> program displays the status of current connections to a Samba server.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbtar</code> </h4><a id="id447421" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id713094" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbtar</code> </h4><a id="id713688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id821754" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbtar</code> program performs backup and restores of Windows-based share files and directories to a local tape archive. Though similar to the <code class="command">tar</code> command, the two are not compatible.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">testparm</code> </h4><a id="id1000444" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id510768" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code>options filename hostname IP_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">testparm</code> </h4><a id="id821976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id583292" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code>options filename hostname IP_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">testparm</code> program checks the syntax of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file. If your <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file is in the default location (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) you do not need to specify the location. Specifying the hostname and IP address to the <code class="command">testparm</code> program verifies that the <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">host.deny</code> files are configured correctly. The <code class="command">testparm</code> program also displays a summary of your <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file and the server's role (stand-alone, domain, etc.) after testing. This is convenient when debugging as it excludes comments and concisely presents information for experienced administrators to read.
</div><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -8394,11 +8403,11 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
force user = andriusb
force group = users
read only = No
- guest only = Yes</pre><h4> <code class="filename">wbinfo</code> </h4><a id="id1533244" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id796537" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ guest only = Yes</pre><h4> <code class="filename">wbinfo</code> </h4><a id="id822137" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id969716" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">wbinfo</code> program displays information from the <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemon. The <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemon must be running for <code class="command">wbinfo</code> to work.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id632946" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1420990" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following sections give you the means to explore Samba in greater detail.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-installed">15.1.12.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id655167" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-installed">15.1.12.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id582285" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/samba-<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>/</code> — All additional files included with the Samba distribution. This includes all helper scripts, sample configuration files, and documentation. This directory also contains online versions of <em class="citetitle">The Official Samba-3 HOWTO-Collection</em> and <em class="citetitle">Samba-3 by Example</em>, both of which are cited below.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have the samba-doc package installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use the <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span> documentation, first ensure the <span class="package">samba-doc</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -8416,25 +8425,25 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">nmbd</code>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">winbind</code>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-published"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-published">15.1.12.2. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id633711" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-published"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-published">15.1.12.2. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id732601" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">The Official Samba-3 HOWTO-Collection</em> by John H. Terpstra and Jelmer R. Vernooij; Prentice Hall — The official Samba-3 documentation as issued by the Samba development team. This is more of a reference guide than a step-by-step guide.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Samba-3 by Example</em> by John H. Terpstra; Prentice Hall — This is another official release issued by the Samba development team which discusses detailed examples of OpenLDAP, DNS, DHCP, and printing configuration files. This has step-by-step related information that helps in real-world implementations.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Using Samba, 2nd Edition</em> by Jay T's, Robert Eckstein, and David Collier-Brown; O'Reilly — A good resource for novice to advanced users, which includes comprehensive reference material.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-community"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-community">15.1.12.3. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id651884" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-community"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-community">15.1.12.3. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id848075" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.samba.org/">http://www.samba.org/</a> — Homepage for the Samba distribution and all official documentation created by the Samba development team. Many resources are available in HTML and PDF formats, while others are only available for purchase. Although many of these links are not Fedora specific, some concepts may apply.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://us1.samba.org/samba/archives.html">http://samba.org/samba/archives.html </a> — Active email lists for the Samba community. Enabling digest mode is recommended due to high levels of list activity.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Samba newsgroups — Samba threaded newsgroups, such as gmane.org, that use the NNTP protocol are also available. This an alternative to receiving mailing list emails.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id496392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id629372" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id793724" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1021882" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">File Transfer Protocol</em> (<code class="systemitem">FTP</code>) is one of the oldest and most commonly used protocols found on the Internet today. Its purpose is to reliably transfer files between computer hosts on a network without requiring the user to log directly into the remote host or have knowledge of how to use the remote system. It allows users to access files on remote systems using a standard set of simple commands.
</div><div class="para">
This section outlines the basics of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol, as well as configuration options for the primary <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server shipped with Fedora, <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1347739" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1028924" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
However, because <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> is so prevalent on the Internet, it is often required to share files to the public. System administrators, therefore, should be aware of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol's unique characteristics.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">15.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id564998" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577611" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id969822" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577087" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">15.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id505496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739083" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1072433" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id570723" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Unlike most protocols used on the Internet, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> requires multiple network ports to work properly. When an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client application initiates a connection to an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server, it opens port <code class="constant">21</code> on the server — known as the <em class="firstterm">command port</em>. This port is used to issue all commands to the server. Any data requested from the server is returned to the client via a <em class="firstterm">data port</em>. The port number for data connections, and the way in which data connections are initialized, vary depending upon whether the client requests the data in <em class="firstterm">active</em> or <em class="firstterm">passive</em> mode.
</div><div class="para">
The following defines these modes:
@@ -8444,7 +8453,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Passive mode, like active mode, is initiated by the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client application. When requesting data from the server, the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client indicates it wants to access the data in passive mode and the server provides the <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address and a random, unprivileged port (greater than <code class="constant">1024</code>) on the server. The client then connects to that port on the server to download the requested information.
</div><div class="para">
While passive mode resolves issues for client-side firewall interference with data connections, it can complicate administration of the server-side firewall. You can reduce the number of open ports on a server by limiting the range of unprivileged ports on the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server. This also simplifies the process of configuring firewall rules for the server. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Section 15.2.5.8, “Network Options”</a> for more information about limiting passive ports.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id900091" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id794541" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1325413" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id833622" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1123212" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id975634" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id825699" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id512631" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora ships with two different <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Red Hat Content Accelerator</strong></span> — A kernel-based Web server that delivers high performance Web server and <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> services. Since speed is its primary design goal, it has limited functionality and runs only as an anonymous <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server. For more information about configuring and administering <span class="application"><strong>Red Hat Content Accelerator</strong></span>, consult the documentation available online at <a href="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/tux/">http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/tux/</a>.
@@ -8470,7 +8479,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<span class="emphasis"><em>All requests from unprivileged child processes are distrusted by the parent process</em></span> — Communication with child processes are received over a socket, and the validity of any information from child processes is checked before being acted on.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Most interaction with <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> clients is handled by unprivileged child processes in a <code class="command">chroot</code> jail</em></span> — Because these child processes are unprivileged and only have access to the directory being shared, any crashed processes only allows the attacker access to the shared files.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1532627" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1605428" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the daemon (<code class="filename">/usr/sbin/vsftpd</code>), its configuration and related files, as well as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> directories onto the system. The following lists the files and directories related to <code class="command">vsftpd</code> configuration:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> — The <span class="emphasis"><em>initialization script</em></span> (<em class="firstterm">initscript</em>) used by the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command to start, stop, or reload <code class="command">vsftpd</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Section 15.2.4, “Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> ”</a> for more information about using this script.
@@ -8484,7 +8493,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> — This file can be configured to either deny or allow access to the users listed, depending on whether the <code class="command">userlist_deny</code> directive is set to <code class="command">YES</code> (default) or <code class="command">NO</code> in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. If <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> is used to grant access to users, the usernames listed must <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> appear in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/var/ftp/</code> — The directory containing files served by <code class="command">vsftpd</code>. It also contains the <code class="filename">/var/ftp/pub/</code> directory for anonymous users. Both directories are world-readable, but writable only by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id741464" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id834483" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id426060" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649134" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id950441" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id520786" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id920117" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id928684" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id713166" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> script, which can be accessed using the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
To start the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
@@ -8500,7 +8509,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
To conditionally restart the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl condrestart vsftpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service to start at boot time, use a service manager such as <code class="command">systemctl</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">15.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="id956822" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id953696" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">15.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="id794139" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556842" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes one computer is used to serve multiple <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> domains. This is a technique called <em class="firstterm">multihoming</em>. One way to multihome using <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is by running multiple copies of the daemon, each with its own configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
To do this, first assign all relevant <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses to network devices or alias network devices on the system. Additional information about network configuration scripts can be found in <a class="xref" href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">Chapter 6, <em>Network Interfaces</em></a>.
@@ -8508,7 +8517,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Next, the DNS server for the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> domains must be configured to reference the correct machine. For information about BIND and its configuration files, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-BIND">Section 11.2, “BIND”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
If there is more configuration files present in the <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd</code> directory, calling <code class="command">systemctl start vsftpd.service</code> results in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> initscript starting the same number of processes as the number of configuration files. Each configuration file must have a unique name in the <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/</code> directory and must be readable and writable only by <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id498748" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1103874" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1371399" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id750991" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although <code class="command">vsftpd</code> may not offer the level of customization other widely available <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers have, it offers enough options to fill most administrator's needs. The fact that it is not overly feature-laden limits configuration and programmatic errors.
</div><div class="para">
All configuration of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is handled by its configuration file, <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. Each directive is on its own line within the file and follows the following format:
@@ -8524,7 +8533,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
For an overview of ways to secure <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, refer to the Fedora <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em>.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of some of the more important directives within <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. All directives not explicitly found or commented out within <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s configuration file are set to their default value.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">15.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id846817" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">15.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id620629" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the overall behavior of the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> daemon.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">listen</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> runs in stand-alone mode. Fedora sets this value to <code class="command">YES</code>. This directive cannot be used in conjunction with the <code class="command">listen_ipv6</code> directive.
@@ -8538,7 +8547,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">session_support</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> attempts to maintain login sessions for each user through Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM). For more information, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)</em> chapter of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 <em class="citetitle">Managing Single Sign-On and Smart Cards</em> and the PAM man pages. . If session logging is not necessary, disabling this option allows <code class="command">vsftpd</code> to run with less processes and lower privileges.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">15.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="id747036" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567452" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">15.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="id509400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1032189" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the login behavior and access control mechanisms.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> — When enabled, anonymous users are allowed to log in. The usernames <code class="computeroutput">anonymous</code> and <code class="computeroutput">ftp</code> are accepted.
@@ -8590,7 +8599,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">userlist_file</code> — Specifies the file referenced by <code class="command">vsftpd</code> when the <code class="command">userlist_enable</code> directive is enabled.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> and is created during installation.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">15.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id781656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">15.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1425827" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which control anonymous user access to the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anon_mkdir_write_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with the <code class="command">write_enable</code> directive, anonymous users are allowed to create new directories within a parent directory which has write permissions.
@@ -8622,7 +8631,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Anonymous logins are prevented unless the password provided is listed in <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/email_passwords</code>. The file format is one password per line, with no trailing white spaces.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">15.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id575310" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">15.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id935651" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which characterize the way local users access the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">local_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">chmod_enable</code> — When enabled, the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> command <code class="command">SITE CHMOD</code> is allowed for local users. This command allows the users to change the permissions on files.
@@ -8668,7 +8677,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">user_config_dir</code> — Specifies the path to a directory containing configuration files bearing the name of local system users that contain specific setting for that user. Any directive in the user's configuration file overrides those found in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
There is no default value for this directive.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">15.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id980827" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">15.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id660102" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dirlist_enable</code> — When enabled, users are allowed to view directory lists.
@@ -8698,7 +8707,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">use_localtime</code> — When enabled, directory listings reveal the local time for the computer instead of GMT.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">15.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1338694" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">15.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1043211" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">download_enable</code> — When enabled, file downloads are permitted.
@@ -8716,7 +8725,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">write_enable</code> — When enabled, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> commands which can change the file system are allowed, such as <code class="command">DELE</code>, <code class="command">RNFR</code>, and <code class="command">STOR</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">15.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id673374" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">15.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id511411" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s logging behavior.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with <code class="command">xferlog_enable</code>, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> writes two files simultaneously: a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible log to the file specified in the <code class="command">xferlog_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/xferlog</code> by default) and a standard <code class="command">vsftpd</code> log file specified in the <code class="command">vsftpd_log_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/vsftpd.log</code> by default).
@@ -8752,7 +8761,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
To both log connections in <code class="command">vsftpd</code> format and maintain a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log, set <code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="para">
If maintaining a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log is not important, either set <code class="command">xferlog_std_format</code> to <code class="command">NO</code>, comment the line with a hash sign (<code class="command">#</code>), or delete the line entirely.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">15.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id950610" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">15.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1005334" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect how <code class="command">vsftpd</code> interacts with the network.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">accept_timeout</code> — Specifies the amount of time for a client using passive mode to establish a connection.
@@ -8836,9 +8845,9 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">port_enable</code> — When enabled, active mode connects are allowed.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id763037" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id806022" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information about <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation">15.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id944652" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation">15.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1042783" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>/</code> directory — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em> with the installed version of the <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> package. This directory contains a <code class="filename">README</code> with basic information about the software. The <code class="filename">TUNING</code> file contains basic performance tuning tips and the <code class="filename">SECURITY/</code> directory contains information about the security model employed by <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">vsftpd</code> related man pages — There are a number of man pages for the daemon and configuration files. The following lists some of the more important man pages.
@@ -8848,17 +8857,17 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">man vsftpd.conf</code> — Contains a detailed list of options available within the configuration file for <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man 5 hosts_access </code> — Describes the format and options available within the TCP wrappers configuration files: <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">hosts.deny</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites">15.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id611521" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites">15.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id514377" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://vsftpd.beasts.org/">http://vsftpd.beasts.org/</a> — The <code class="command">vsftpd</code> project page is a great place to locate the latest documentation and to contact the author of the software.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html">http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html</a> — This website provides a concise explanation of the differences between active and passive mode <code class="systemitem">FTP</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0959.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0959.txt</a> — The original <em class="firstterm">Request for Comments</em> (<em class="firstterm">RFC</em>) of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol from the IETF.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="id597296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597308" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="id634497" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id947138" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> tool serves for printer configuring, maintenance of printer configuration files, print spool directories and print filters, and printer classes management.
</div><div class="para">
The tool is based on the Common Unix Printing System (<acronym class="acronym">CUPS</acronym>). If you upgraded the system from a previous Fedora version that used CUPS, the upgrade process preserved the configured printers.
- </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id1358518" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id805124" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can perform the same and additional operations on printers directly from the CUPS web application or command line. To access the application, in a web browser, go to <a href="http://localhost:631/">http://localhost:631/</a>. For CUPS manuals refer to the links on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Home</strong></span> tab of the web site.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Starting_Printer_Config"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
With the Printer Configuration tool you can perform various operations on existing printers and set up new printers.
@@ -8868,7 +8877,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> window depicted in <a class="xref" href="#fig-printconf-main">Figure 15.2, “Printer Configuration window”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-main"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-main.png" alt="Printer Configuration window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Printer Configuration window
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.2. Printer Configuration window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</h3></div></div></div><a id="id575814" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.2. Printer Configuration window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</h3></div></div></div><a id="id515682" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Printer setup process varies depending on the printer queue type.
</div><div class="para">
If you are setting up a local printer connected with USB, the printer is discovered and added automatically. You will be prompted to confirm the packages to be installed and provide the root password. Local printers connected with other port types and network printers need to be set up manually.
@@ -8882,7 +8891,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Authentication Required</strong></span> box, type the root user password and confirm.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer connection type and provide its details in the area on the right.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id843724" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id561069" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a local printer connected with other than a serial port:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_Other_Printer"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Section 15.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
@@ -8924,7 +8933,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Forward</strong></span>.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer model. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-printing-select-model">Section 15.3.8, “Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing”</a> for details.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id623650" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1034144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An IPP printer is a printer attached to a different system on the same TCP/IP network. The system this printer is attached to may either be running CUPS or simply configured to use IPP.
</div><div class="para">
If a firewall is enabled on the printer server, then the firewall must be configured to allow incoming TCP connections on port 631. Note that the CUPS browsing protocol allows client machines to discover shared CUPS queues automatically. To enable this, the firewall on the client machine must be configured to allow incoming UDP packets on port 631.
@@ -8948,7 +8957,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Forward</strong></span> to continue.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer model. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-printing-select-model">Section 15.3.8, “Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing”</a> for details.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id631136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_HTTPS_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id710096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_HTTPS_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add an LPD/LPR host or printer:
</div><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Section 15.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
@@ -8968,7 +8977,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Forward</strong></span> to continue.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Select the printer model. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-printing-select-model">Section 15.3.8, “Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing”</a> for details.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id706094" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id941780" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1595304" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id730563" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a Samba printer:
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba-client package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Note that in order to add a Samba printer, you need to have the <span class="package">samba-client</span> package installed. You can do so by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -9065,19 +9074,19 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
To delete an existing printer, in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> window, select the printer and go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Printer</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Delete</strong></span>. Confirm the printer deletion. Alternatively, press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Delete</strong></span> key.
</div><div class="para">
To set the default printer, right-click the printer in the printer list and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Set As Default</strong></span> button in the context menu.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id468604">15.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="id468611" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id504080">15.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="id504087" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To change printer driver configuration, double-click the corresponding name in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer</strong></span> list and click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> label on the left to display the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> page.
</div><div class="para">
You can modify printer settings such as make and model, print a test page, change the device location (URI), and more.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-config1"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config1.png" alt="Settings page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Settings Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id1056846">15.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id728140">15.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> button on the left to change settings in printer state and print output.
</div><div class="para">
You can select the printer states, configure the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Error Policy</strong></span> of the printer (you can decide to abort the print job, retry, or stop it if an error occurs).
</div><div class="para">
You can also create a <em class="firstterm">banner page</em> (a page that describes aspects of the print job such as the originating printer, the username from the which the job originated, and the security status of the document being printed): click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Starting Banner </strong></span> or <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ending Banner</strong></span> drop-menu and choose the option that best describes the nature of the print jobs (such as <span class="guilabel"><strong>topsecret</strong></span>, <span class="guilabel"><strong>classified</strong></span>, or <span class="guilabel"><strong>confidential</strong></span>).
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="sec-Sharing_Printers">15.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="id449047" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="sec-Sharing_Printers">15.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="id923928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> page, you can mark a printer as shared: if a printer is shared, users published on the network can use it. To allow the sharing function for printers, go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Server</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Settings</strong></span> and select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Publish shared printers connected to this system</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
Finally, ensure that the firewall allows incoming TCP connections to port 631, which is Network Printing Server (IPP) in system-config-firewall.
@@ -9099,7 +9108,7 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> page contains details on toner status if available and printer status messages. Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> label on the left to display the page.
</div><div class="figure" id="mediaobj-printconf-config6"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config6.png" alt="Ink/Toner Levels page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Ink/Toner Levels Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s1-printing-managing">15.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id438529" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s1-printing-managing">15.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1123496" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you send a print job to the printer daemon, such as printing a text file from <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span> or printing an image from <span class="application"><strong>GIMP</strong></span>, the print job is added to the print spool queue. The print spool queue is a list of print jobs that have been sent to the printer and information about each print request, such as the status of the request, the job number, and more.
</div><div class="para">
During the printing process, messages informing about the process appear in the notification area.
@@ -9136,11 +9145,11 @@ Ben-62 root 1024 Tue 08 Feb 2011 16:45:42 GMT</p
<em class="citetitle">GNU/Linux Printing</em> contains a large amount of information about printing in Linux.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.cups.org/">http://www.cups.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Documentation, FAQs, and newsgroups about CUPS.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id695312"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id488911"><div></div><div class="para">
This part describes various tools that allow system administrators to monitor system performance, automate system tasks, and report bugs.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using th
e System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">16.5.5. Extending
Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s
1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-adding">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-au
totasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><sp
an class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-service">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-abrt">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></spa
n></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-installation">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-running">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-cli">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration">19.4. Configuring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-event_configura
tion_in_gui">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-abrt">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_
crash_collection-saving_package_information">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-crash_detection_test">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.7. Example Usage</a></s
pan></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools</h2></
div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16
.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd>
<dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id999142" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id994548" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using th
e System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-adding">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron
Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-service">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-abrt">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-installation">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-running">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-cli">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration">19.4. Configu
ring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-event_configuration_in_gui">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-abrt">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-abrt-crash_detection_test">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-OProfile">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></s
pan></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-installed-docs
">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-
sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SN
MP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-sysinfo-additional-resources">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id645385" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569112" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="id447116" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id781401" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id631686" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1057506" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1601035" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id598597" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display a list of current system processes, including processes that are owned by other users, run the <code class="command">ps ax</code> command. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ps ax</code>
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
@@ -9166,7 +9175,7 @@ root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Oct12 0:00 [watchdog/0]
Note that <code class="command">ps</code> always produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what was running when you invoked the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the <code class="command">top</code> command or the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application.
</div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>ps</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id988800" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485213" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id707383" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707399" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">top</code> command displays currently running processes and important information about them including their memory and CPU usage. The list is both real-time and interactive. An example of output from the <code class="command">top</code> command is provided as follows:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">top</code>
top - 18:11:48 up 1 min, 1 user, load average: 0.68, 0.30, 0.11
@@ -9228,7 +9237,7 @@ Swap: 1015800k total, 0k used, 1015800k free, 189008k cached
<span class="keycap"><strong>q</strong></span>
</td><td>
Exit the utility.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id876769" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id876779" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id831175" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id770282" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool. To start it, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-sysinfo-processes"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-monitor-processes.png" alt="System Monitor - Processes" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Processes tab of the gnome-system-monitor
@@ -9266,7 +9275,7 @@ Swap: 1015800k total, 0k used, 1015800k free, 189008k cached
refresh the list of processes.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Note that to sort the information by a specific column, click the name of that column. By default, this sorts the information by the selected column in ascending order. Click the name of the column again to toggle the sort between ascending and descending order.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="id566118" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566130" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id943291" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id943307" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="id629438" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id629450" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id803751" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id803767" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">free</code> command displays the total amount of physical memory and swap space for the system, as well as the amount of memory that is used, free, shared, in kernel buffers, and cached. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">free</code>
total used free shared buffers cached
@@ -9280,11 +9289,11 @@ Mem: 3012 2240 772 0 86 1520
-/+ buffers/cache: 632 2379
Swap: 4095 0 4095</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>free</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id762716" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id762726" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1414919" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1414928" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application. To start it, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or execute <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab to view the system's memory usage.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-sysinfo-memory"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-monitor-resources.png" alt="System Monitor - Resources" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Resources tab of the gnome-system-monitor
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.2. System Monitor - Resources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="id759172" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id759184" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id653296" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.2. System Monitor - Resources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="id510227" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id510239" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id833065" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsblk</code> command displays a list of available block devices, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lsblk</code>
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
@@ -9310,7 +9319,88 @@ sda4 8:4 0 395.8G 0 part
vg_test-lv_fedora_16 (dm-0) 253:0 0 20G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lsblk</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.2. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1106354" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id598834" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The <code class="command">blkid</code> command displays information about available block devices, such as their file system type or <em class="firstterm">universally unique identifier</em> (<acronym class="acronym">UUID</acronym>). For example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">blkid</code>
+/dev/sda1: UUID="5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
+/dev/sda2: UUID="m9PwZw-Kwlz-VIRu-6TDh-zKjV-V3Ud-42IFuh" TYPE="LVM2_member"
+/dev/sda4: UUID="TgN1Z5-5Qcx-cChP-A7Jx-v9DO-ZuTU-wAR0Uj" TYPE="LVM2_member"
+/dev/mapper/vg_rhel-lv_home: UUID="abe1a729-2a72-4533-a9e8-77379d8d44c5" TYPE="ext4"
+/dev/mapper/vg_rhel-lv_root: UUID="e2f60b08-f606-41ec-99cb-20550dde6aca" TYPE="ext4"
+/dev/sda3: UUID="147bc2f6-edca-40b7-be05-092cda2e3993" TYPE="swap"
+/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16: LABEL="_Fedora-16-x86_6" UUID="1d8b542a-e45c-4296-92c4-edaa8ef7dd7c" TYPE="ext4"</pre><div class="para">
+ To display information about a particular device only, specify the device name on the command line:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">blkid /dev/sda1</code>
+/dev/sda1: UUID="5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"</pre><div class="para">
+ You can also use the above command with the <code class="option">-p</code> and <code class="option">-o udev</code> command line options to obtain more detailed information. Note that <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges are required to run this command:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">blkid -po udev /dev/sda1</code>
+ID_FS_UUID=5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff
+ID_FS_UUID_ENC=5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff
+ID_FS_SEC_TYPE=ext2
+ID_FS_VERSION=1.0
+ID_FS_TYPE=ext3
+ID_FS_USAGE=filesystem
+ID_PART_ENTRY_SCHEME=dos
+ID_PART_ENTRY_TYPE=0x83
+ID_PART_ENTRY_FLAGS=0x80
+ID_PART_ENTRY_NUMBER=1
+ID_PART_ENTRY_OFFSET=2048
+ID_PART_ENTRY_SIZE=4194304
+ID_PART_ENTRY_DISK=8:0</pre><div class="para">
+ For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>blkid</strong></span>(8) manual page.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656573" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The <code class="command">partx</code> command displays a list of disk partitions. To list the partition table of a particular disk, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, run this command with the <code class="option">-s</code> option followed by the device name. For example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">partx -s /dev/sda</code>
+NR START END SECTORS SIZE NAME UUID
+ 1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G
+ 2 4196352 138414079 134217728 64G
+ 3 138414080 146802687 8388608 4G
+ 4 146802688 976773119 829970432 395.8G</pre><div class="para">
+ For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>partx</strong></span>(8) manual page.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id743044" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The <code class="command">findmnt</code> command displays a list of currently mounted file systems, for example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">findmnt</code>
+TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
+/ /dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16
+ ext4 rw,relat
+|-/proc proc proc rw,nosui
+| `-/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc systemd-1 autofs rw,relat
+|-/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosui
+| |-/sys/fs/selinux selinuxfs selinuxf rw,relat
+| |-/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/memory cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/devices cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/freezer cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | `-/sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| |-/sys/kernel/debug debugfs debugfs rw,relat
+| |-/sys/kernel/security securityfs security rw,relat
+| `-/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl fusectl rw,relat
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
+ By default, <code class="command">lsblk</code> lists file systems in a tree-like format. To display the information as an ordinary list, add the <code class="option">-l</code> command line option:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">findmnt -l</code>
+TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
+/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,n
+/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,n
+/dev devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,nosuid,r
+/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,n
+/dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,n
+/ /dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16 ext4 rw,relatime
+/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,n
+/sys/fs/selinux selinuxfs selinuxf rw,relatime
+/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,n
+/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,n
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
+ You can also choose to display only the file systems of a particular type. To do so, add the <code class="option">-t</code> command line option followed by a file system type, for example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">findmnt -t ext4</code>
+TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
+/ /dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,user_xattr,b</pre><div class="para">
+ For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>findmnt</strong></span>(8) manual page.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.5. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id609078" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">df</code> command reports the system's disk space usage, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">df</code>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
@@ -9332,11 +9422,11 @@ tmpfs 1.5G 47M 1.5G 4% /run
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16 20G 3.5G 17G 18% /
tmpfs 1.5G 47M 1.5G 4% /run
tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
-tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /media</pre><a id="id614319" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577993" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578003" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647825" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647834" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id944104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /media</pre><a id="id1603989" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id510430" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id510439" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id628384" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id628393" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id482331" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="filename">/dev/shm</code> entry represents the system's virtual memory file system, <code class="filename">/sys/fs/cgroup</code> is a cgroup file system, and <code class="filename">/run</code> contains information about the running system.
</div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>df</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.3. Using the du Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id665185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">16.3.6. Using the du Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id540208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">du</code> command displays the amount of space being used by files in a directory. When run with no additional command line options, the <code class="command">du</code> command displays the disk usage for each of the subdirectories in the current working directory. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">du</code>
8 ./.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default
@@ -9357,11 +9447,11 @@ tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /media</pre><a id="id614
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">du -sh</code>
68M .</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>du</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id547923" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id547932" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id952556" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id952565" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view the system's partitions and disk space usage in a graphical user interface, use the <span class="guilabel"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application. To start it, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or execute the <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> command at a shell prompt. Then click on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab to view the system's partitions.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-monitor-file-systems.png" alt="System Monitor - File Systems" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
File systems tab of the gnome-system-monitor
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.3. System Monitor - File Systems</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="id666924" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id666936" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1363289" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.3. System Monitor - File Systems</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="id640879" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id640891" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id568250" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspci</code> command lists all PCI devices that are present in the system, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lspci</code>
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82X38/X48 Express DRAM Controller
@@ -9389,7 +9479,7 @@ tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /media</pre><a id="id614
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lspci</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id960678" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id690718" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsusb</code> command lists all USB devices that are present in the system, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lsusb</code>
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
@@ -9423,7 +9513,7 @@ Device Descriptor:
bDescriptorType 2
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lsusb</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id877377" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1071537" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspcmcia</code> command lists all PCMCIA devices that are present in the system, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lspcmcia</code>
Socket 0 Bridge: [yenta_cardbus] (bus ID: 0000:15:00.0)</pre><div class="para">
@@ -9432,7 +9522,7 @@ Socket 0 Bridge: [yenta_cardbus] (bus ID: 0000:15:00.0)</pre><div
Socket 0 Bridge: [yenta_cardbus] (bus ID: 0000:15:00.0)
Configuration: state: on ready: unknown</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>pccardctl</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id651657" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id768473" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lscpu</code> command lists information about CPUs that are present in the system, including the number of CPUs, their architecture, vendor, family, model, CPU caches, etc. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lscpu</code>
Architecture: x86_64
@@ -9914,11 +10004,11 @@ NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpPlaypen.1.1 = INTEGER: 8675309</pre></div></div></div><div
<span class="bold bold"><strong>snmpd</strong></span>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">snmpd</code> service.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="bold bold"><strong>snmpd.conf</strong></span>(5) — The manual page for the <code class="filename">/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf</code> file containing full documentation of available configuration directives.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Co
nfiguring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-adding">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id902854" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id466904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Co
nfiguring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-adding">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1073211" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id513216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Log files</em> are files that contain messages about the system, including the kernel, services, and applications running on it. There are different log files for different information. For example, there is a default system log file, a log file just for security messages, and a log file for cron tasks.
</div><div class="para">
Log files can be very useful when trying to troubleshoot a problem with the system such as trying to load a kernel driver or when looking for unauthorized login attempts to the system. This chapter discusses where to find log files, how to view log files, and what to look for in log files.
- </div><a id="id697293" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id532144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1184578" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642302" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some log files are controlled by a daemon called <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. A list of log files maintained by <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> can be found in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is an enhanced, multi-threaded syslog daemon which replaced the <code class="command">sysklogd</code> daemon. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> supports the same functionality as <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span> and extends it with enhanced filtering, encryption protected relaying of messages, various configuration options, or support for transportation via the <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> or <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> protocols. Note that <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is compatible with <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span>.
@@ -10215,9 +10305,9 @@ kern.=crit joe
Options that are passed to the <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> daemon, including the backward compatibility mode, can be specified in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog</code> configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on various <code class="command">rsyslogd</code> options, refer to <code class="command">man rsyslogd</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id615013" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id729163" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most log files are located in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory. Some applications such as <code class="command">httpd</code> and <code class="command">samba</code> have a directory within <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> for their log files.
- </div><a id="id633670" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id633685" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id821771" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id821786" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You may notice multiple files in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory with numbers after them (for example, <code class="filename">cron-20100906</code>). These numbers represent a timestamp that has been added to a rotated log file. Log files are rotated so their file sizes do not become too large. The <code class="filename">logrotate</code> package contains a cron task that automatically rotates log files according to the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file and the configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="section" id="configuring-logrotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a sample <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file:
@@ -10284,9 +10374,9 @@ compress
<em class="parameter"><code>maillast</code></em> — Specifies that the just-rotated log files are to be mailed, instead of the about-to-expire log files. This is the default option when <em class="parameter"><code>mail</code></em> is enabled.
</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For the full list of directives and various configuration options, refer to the <code class="command">logrotate</code> man page (<code class="command">man logrotate</code>).
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id577106" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id564649" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most log files are in plain text format. You can view them with any text editor such as <code class="command">Vi</code> or <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span>. Some log files are readable by all users on the system; however, <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges are required to read most log files.
- </div><a id="id673257" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id576763" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view system log files in an interactive, real-time application, use the <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the gnome-system-log package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use the <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">gnome-system-log</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -10296,9 +10386,9 @@ compress
After you have installed the <span class="package">gnome-system-log</span> package, you can open the <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> by selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type the following command at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">gnome-system-log</code></pre><div class="para">
The application only displays log files that exist; thus, the list might differ from the one shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig-redhat-logviewer">Figure 17.1, “ Log File Viewer ”</a>.
- </div><a id="id651352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748373" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer.png" alt="Log File Viewer" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id863218" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id863236" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer.png" alt="Log File Viewer" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Log File Viewer
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.1. Log File Viewer </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id426384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.1. Log File Viewer </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id642501" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> application lets you filter any existing log file. Click on <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Filters</strong></span> from the menu and select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Manage Filters</strong></span> to define or edit your desired filter.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-filters"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer-filters-manage.png" alt="Log File Viewer — filters" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Log File Viewer — filters
@@ -10332,13 +10422,13 @@ compress
Click on the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Open</strong></span> button to open the file. The file is immediately added to the viewing list where you can select it and view its contents.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Reading zipped log files</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> also allows you to open log files zipped in the <code class="literal">.gz</code> format.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id467791" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id467806" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id683107" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id683121" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> monitors all opened logs by default. If a new line is added to a monitored log file, the log name appears in bold in the log list. If the log file is selected or displayed, the new lines appear in bold at the bottom of the log file. <a class="xref" href="#fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring">Figure 17.6, “Log File Viewer — new log alert”</a> illustrates a new alert in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>yum.log</strong></span> log file and in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file. Clicking on the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file displays the logs in the file with the new lines in bold.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer-alerts.png" alt="Log File Viewer — new log alert" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Log File Viewer — new log alert
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.6. Log File Viewer — new log alert</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s1-log-files-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>logrotate</strong></span>, and log files in general, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1101703" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1017005" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rsyslogd</code> manual page — Type <code class="command">man rsyslogd</code> to learn more about <code class="command">rsyslogd</code> and its many options.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rsyslog.conf</code> manual page — Type <code class="command">man rsyslog.conf</code> to learn more about the <code class="command">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file and its many options.
@@ -10346,15 +10436,15 @@ compress
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em>/ </code> — After installing the <span class="package">rsyslog</span> package, this directory contains extensive documentation in the <code class="systemitem">html</code> format.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">logrotate</code> manual page — Type <code class="command">man logrotate</code> to learn more about <code class="command">logrotate</code> and its many options.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id615668" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id758882" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.rsyslog.com/">http://www.rsyslog.com/</a> — Offers a thorough technical breakdown of <span class="package">rsyslog</span> features, documentation, configuration examples, and video tutorials.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://wiki.rsyslog.com/index.php/Main_Page">http://wiki.rsyslog.com/index.php/Main_Page</a> — Contains useful <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration examples.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-service">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.
3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1334113" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-batch-configuring">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-commandline-options">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-at-batch-service">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.
3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id771452" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In Linux, tasks, which are also known as <em class="firstterm">jobs</em>, can be configured to run automatically within a specified period of time, on a specified date, or when the system load average is below a specified number. Fedora is pre-configured to run important system tasks to keep the system updated. For example, the slocate database used by the <code class="command">locate</code> command is updated daily. A system administrator can use automated tasks to perform periodic backups, monitor the system, run custom scripts, and more.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora comes with several automated tasks utilities: <code class="command">cron</code>, <code class="command">at</code>, and <code class="command">batch</code>.
- </div><a id="id1533841" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="id942520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id516125" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id639961" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="id633397" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1174047" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Both, Cron and Anacron, are daemons that can be used to schedule the execution of recurring tasks according to a combination of the time, day of the month, month, day of the week, and week.
</div><div class="para">
Cron assumes that the system is on continuously. If the system is not on when a job is scheduled, it is not executed. Cron allows jobs to be run as often as every minute. Anacron does not assume the system is always on, remembers every scheduled job, and executes it the next time the system is up. However, Anacron can only run a job once a day. To schedule recurring jobs, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Section 18.1.2, “Configuring Anacron Jobs”</a> or <a class="xref" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Section 18.1.3, “Configuring Cron Jobs”</a>. To schedule one-time jobs, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">Section 18.2, “At and Batch”</a>.
@@ -10370,7 +10460,7 @@ compress
It is recommended that you start the service at boot time. To do so, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable crond.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id884141" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500893" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500907" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1540803" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id537305" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id978239" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id978252" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658398" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main configuration file to schedule jobs is <code class="filename">/etc/anacrontab</code> (only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to modify this file), which contains the following lines:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@@ -10417,7 +10507,7 @@ START_HOURS_RANGE=16-20
All jobs defined in this <code class="filename">anacrontab</code> file are randomly delayed by 6-30 minutes and can be executed between 16:00 and 20:00. Thus, the first defined job will run anywhere between 16:26 and 16:50 every day. The command specified for this job will execute all present programs in the <code class="filename">/etc/cron.daily</code> directory (using the <code class="command">run-parts</code> script which takes a directory as a command-line argument and sequentially executes every program within that directory). The second specified job will be executed once a week and will execute the <code class="filename">weeklyjob.bash</code> script in the <code class="filename">/etc</code> directory. The third job is executed once a month and runs a command to write the contents of the <code class="filename">/proc</code> to the <code class="filename">/tmp/proc</code> file (e.g. <code class="computeroutput">ls /proc >> /tmp/proc</code>).
</div><div class="section" id="s3-disabling-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-disabling-anacron">18.1.2.1.1. Disabling Anacron</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
In case your system is continuously on and you do not require anacron to run your scheduled jobs, you may uninstall the <code class="filename">cronie-anacron</code> package. Thus, you will be able to define jobs using crontabs only.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id591441" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id591455" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700414" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id648937" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637842" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578737" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file to configure cron jobs, <code class="filename">/etc/crontab</code> (only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to modify this file), contains the following lines:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@@ -10487,7 +10577,7 @@ HOME=/
To define a white list, create a <code class="filename">jobs.allow</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The principles of <code class="filename">jobs.deny</code> and <code class="filename">jobs.allow</code> are the same as those of <code class="filename">cron.deny</code> and <code class="filename">cron.allow</code> described in section <a class="xref" href="#s2-autotasks-cron-access">Section 18.1.4, “Controlling Access to Cron”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="id542295" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id542309" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1116204" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1116218" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
While cron is used to schedule recurring tasks, the <code class="command">at</code> command is used to schedule a one-time task at a specific time and the <code class="command">batch</code> command is used to schedule a one-time task to be executed when the systems load average drops below 0.8.
</div><div class="para">
To use <code class="command">at</code> or <code class="command">batch</code>, the <code class="filename">at</code> RPM package must be installed, and the <code class="command">atd</code> service must be running. To determine if the package is installed, use the <code class="command">rpm -q at</code> command. To determine if the service is running, use the following command:
@@ -10565,7 +10655,7 @@ HOME=/
It is recommended that you start the service at boot time. To do so, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable atd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id888337" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610104" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610119" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id840202" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id712811" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id712826" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To learn more about configuring automated tasks, refer to the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">cron</code> man page — contains an overview of cron.
@@ -11091,7 +11181,7 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
[1] 2823
~]$ <code class="command">kill -s SEGV 2823</code></pre><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> should detect a crash shortly after executing the <code class="command">kill</code> command. Check that the crash was detected by <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> on the client system (this can be checked by examining the appropriate syslog file, by running the <code class="command">abrt-cli list --full</code> command, or by examining the crash dump created in the <code class="filename">/var/spool/abrt</code> directory), copied to the server system, unpacked on the server system and can be seen and acted upon using <code class="command">abrt-cli</code> or <code class="command">abrt-gui</code> on the server system.
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></sp
an></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id843318" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id678931" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span c
lass="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-example-usage">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></sp
an></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id593206" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id758605" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile is a low overhead, system-wide performance monitoring tool. It uses the performance monitoring hardware on the processor to retrieve information about the kernel and executables on the system, such as when memory is referenced, the number of L2 cache requests, and the number of hardware interrupts received. On a Fedora system, the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package must be installed to use this tool.
</div><div class="para">
Many processors include dedicated performance monitoring hardware. This hardware makes it possible to detect when certain events happen (such as the requested data not being in cache). The hardware normally takes the form of one or more <em class="firstterm">counters</em> that are incremented each time an event takes place. When the counter value, essentially rolls over, an interrupt is generated, making it possible to control the amount of detail (and therefore, overhead) produced by performance monitoring.
@@ -11111,7 +11201,7 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware performance counters do not work on guest virtual machines</em></span> — Because the hardware performance counters are not available on virtual systems, you need to use the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode. Run the command <code class="command">opcontrol --deinit</code>, and then execute <code class="command">modprobe oprofile timer=1</code> to enable the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Non-CPU-limited performance problems</em></span> — OProfile is oriented to finding problems with CPU-limited processes. OProfile does not identify processes that are asleep because they are waiting on locks or for some other event to occur (for example an I/O device to finish an operation).
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id503841" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1424919" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="#tb-oprofile-tools">Table 20.1, “OProfile Commands”</a> provides a brief overview of the tools provided with the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-tools"><h6>Table 20.1. OProfile Commands</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Commands" border="1"><colgroup><col width="29%" class="command" /><col width="71%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Command
@@ -11156,21 +11246,21 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
Runs as a daemon to periodically write sample data to disk.
</div>
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id740124" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id740137" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id740155" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id968018" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id868256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id868274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before OProfile can be run, it must be configured. At a minimum, selecting to monitor the kernel (or selecting not to monitor the kernel) is required. The following sections describe how to use the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> utility to configure OProfile. As the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> commands are executed, the setup options are saved to the <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="id902823" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="id623337" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
First, configure whether OProfile should monitor the kernel. This is the only configuration option that is required before starting OProfile. All others are optional.
</div><div class="para">
To monitor the kernel, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="id578186" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id669664" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package for the kernel must be installed (which contains the uncompressed kernel) in order to monitor the kernel.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To configure OProfile not to monitor the kernel, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="id438956" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id584131" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
This command also loads the <code class="computeroutput">oprofile</code> kernel module, if it is not already loaded, and creates the <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory, if it does not already exist. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Section 20.6, “Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> ”</a> for details about this directory.
</div><div class="para">
Setting whether samples should be collected within the kernel only changes what data is collected, not how or where the collected data is stored. To generate different sample files for the kernel and application libraries, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">Section 20.2.3, “Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="id503452" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="id511277" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most processors contain <em class="firstterm">counters</em>, which are used by OProfile to monitor specific events. As shown in <a class="xref" href="#tb-oprofile-processors">Table 20.2, “OProfile Processors and Counters”</a>, the number of counters available depends on the processor.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-processors"><h6>Table 20.2. OProfile Processors and Counters</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Processors and Counters" border="1"><colgroup><col width="43%" class="option" /><col width="29%" class="description" /><col width="29%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Processor
@@ -11368,13 +11458,13 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
The number of events that can be monitored at one time is determined by the number of counters for the processor. However, it is not a one-to-one correlation; on some processors, certain events must be mapped to specific counters. To determine the number of counters available, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ls -d /dev/oprofile/[0-9]*</code></pre><div class="para">
The events available vary depending on the processor type. To determine the events available for profiling, execute the following command as root (the list is specific to the system's processor type):
- </div><a id="id638779" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id638796" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1133298" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id691109" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="para">
The events for each counter can be configured via the command line or with a graphical interface. For more information on the graphical interface, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-gui">Section 20.9, “Graphical Interface”</a>. If the counter cannot be set to a specific event, an error message is displayed.
</div><div class="para">
To set the event for each configurable counter via the command line, use <code class="command">opcontrol</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em> with the exact name of the event from <code class="command">ophelp</code>, and replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events between samples.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling">20.2.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id672294" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling">20.2.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id660788" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a time-based event set is selected. It creates a sample every 100,000 clock cycles per processor. If the timer interrupt is used, the timer is set to whatever the jiffy rate is and is not user-settable. If the <code class="computeroutput">cpu_type</code> is not <code class="computeroutput">timer</code>, each event can have a <em class="firstterm">sampling rate</em> set for it. The sampling rate is the number of events between each sample snapshot.
</div><div class="para">
When setting the event for the counter, a sample rate can also be specified:
@@ -11382,11 +11472,11 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events to wait before sampling again. The smaller the count, the more frequent the samples. For events that do not happen frequently, a lower count may be needed to capture the event instances.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Sampling too frequently can overload the system</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Be extremely careful when setting sampling rates. Sampling too frequently can overload the system, causing the system to appear as if it is frozen or causing the system to actually freeze.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">20.2.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1338705" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">20.2.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="id933707" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some user performance monitoring events may also require unit masks to further define the event.
</div><div class="para">
Unit masks for each event are listed with the <code class="command">ophelp</code> command. The values for each unit mask are listed in hexadecimal format. To specify more than one unit mask, the hexadecimal values must be combined using a bitwise <em class="firstterm">or</em> operation.
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em></code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="id432503" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em></code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="id711855" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, kernel mode and user mode information is gathered for each event. To configure OProfile to ignore events in kernel mode for a specific counter, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em>:0</code></pre><div class="para">
Execute the following command to start profiling kernel mode for the counter again:
@@ -11410,13 +11500,13 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
If <code class="option">--separate=library</code> is used, the sample file name includes the name of the executable as well as the name of the library.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Restart the OProfile profiler</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
These configuration changes will take effect when the OProfile profiler is restarted.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id461949" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1050982" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start monitoring the system with OProfile, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="id977542" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1138806" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
Output similar to the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Using log file /var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log Daemon started. Profiler running.</pre><div class="para">
The settings in <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> are used.
- </div><a id="id470519" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id470538" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id470556" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id504094" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504113" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504131" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The OProfile daemon, <code class="command">oprofiled</code>, is started; it periodically writes the sample data to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory. The log file for the daemon is located at <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log</code>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable the nmi_watchdog registers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
On a Fedora 16 system, the <code class="computeroutput">nmi_watchdog</code> registers with the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem. Due to this, the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem grabs control of the performance counter registers at boot time, blocking OProfile from working.
@@ -11426,13 +11516,13 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
To re-enable <code class="computeroutput">nmi_watchdog</code>, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog</code></pre></div></div><div class="para">
To stop the profiler, execute the following command as root:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --shutdown</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id437620" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --shutdown</code></pre></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id745125" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to save samples at a specific time. For example, when profiling an executable, it may be useful to gather different samples based on different input data sets. If the number of events to be monitored exceeds the number of counters available for the processor, multiple runs of OProfile can be used to collect data, saving the sample data to different files each time.
</div><div class="para">
To save the current set of sample files, execute the following command, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> with a unique descriptive name for the current session.
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --save=<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The directory <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>/</code> is created and the current sample files are copied to it.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id901185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1429849" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Periodically, the OProfile daemon, <code class="command">oprofiled</code>, collects the samples and writes them to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory. Before reading the data, make sure all data has been written to this directory by executing the following command as root:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --dump</code></pre><div class="para">
Each sample file name is based on the name of the executable. For example, the samples for the default event on a Pentium III processor for <code class="command">/bin/bash</code> becomes:
@@ -11448,7 +11538,7 @@ ftp> <code class="command">quit</code></pre><div class="para">
The executable being profiled must be used with these tools to analyze the data. If it must change after the data is collected, back up the executable used to create the samples as well as the sample files. Please note that the sample file and the binary have to agree. Making a backup is not going to work if they do not match. <code class="command">oparchive</code> can be used to address this problem.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Samples for each executable are written to a single sample file. Samples from each dynamically linked library are also written to a single sample file. While OProfile is running, if the executable being monitored changes and a sample file for the executable exists, the existing sample file is automatically deleted. Thus, if the existing sample file is needed, it must be backed up, along with the executable used to create it before replacing the executable with a new version. The OProfile analysis tools use the executable file that created the samples during analysis. If the executable changes the analysis tools will be unable to analyze the associated samples. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">Section 20.4, “Saving Data”</a> for details on how to back up the sample file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id679175" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id605830" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id571417" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id571434" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opreport</code> tool provides an overview of all the executables being profiled.
</div><div class="para">
The following is part of a sample output:
@@ -11481,7 +11571,7 @@ samples| %|
Each executable is listed on its own line. The first column is the number of samples recorded for the executable. The second column is the percentage of samples relative to the total number of samples. The third column is the name of the executable.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to the <code class="command">opreport</code> man page for a list of available command line options, such as the <code class="option">-r</code> option used to sort the output from the executable with the smallest number of samples to the one with the largest number of samples.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="id878476" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1528637" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="id510067" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1169150" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To retrieve more detailed profiled information about a specific executable, use <code class="command">opreport</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opreport <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
<em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em> must be the full path to the executable to be analyzed. <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> must be one of the following:
@@ -11543,7 +11633,7 @@ samples| %|
Exclude the comma-separated list of symbols from the output.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">session</code>:<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Specify the full path to the session or a directory relative to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id577163" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577181" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1026710" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id697560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile collects data on a system-wide basis for kernel- and user-space code running on the machine. However, once a module is loaded into the kernel, the information about the origin of the kernel module is lost. The module could have come from the <code class="filename">initrd</code> file on boot up, the directory with the various kernel modules, or a locally created kernel module. As a result, when OProfile records sample for a module, it just lists the samples for the modules for an executable in the root directory, but this is unlikely to be the place with the actual code for the module. You will need to take some steps to make sure that analysis tools get the executable.
</div><div class="para">
To get a more detailed view of the actions of the module, you will need to either have the module "unstripped" (that is installed from a custom build) or have the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package installed for the kernel.
@@ -11571,7 +11661,7 @@ samples % symbol name
583 3.5361 ext4_xattr_get
479 2.9053 ext4_htree_store_dirent
469 2.8447 ext4_get_group_desc
-414 2.5111 ext4_dx_find_entry</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1422295" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id604684" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+414 2.5111 ext4_dx_find_entry</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1602646" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1602664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opannotate</code> tool tries to match the samples for particular instructions to the corresponding lines in the source code. The resulting files generated should have the samples for the lines at the left. It also puts in a comment at the beginning of each function listing the total samples for the function.
</div><div class="para">
For this utility to work, the appropriate <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package for the executable must be installed on the system. By default, Fedora <span class="package">debuginfo</span> packages are not installed together with their corresponding packages, which contain the executable, so that you have to obtain and install the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> packages separately.
@@ -11579,7 +11669,7 @@ samples % symbol name
The general syntax for <code class="command">opannotate</code> is as follows:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opannotate --search-dirs <em class="replaceable"><code>src-dir</code></em> --source <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The directory containing the source code and the executable to be analyzed must be specified. Refer to the <code class="command">opannotate</code> man page for a list of additional command line options.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </h2></div></div></div><a id="id708546" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id442049" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </h2></div></div></div><a id="id805366" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id805384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory contains the file system for OProfile. Use the <code class="command">cat</code> command to display the values of the virtual files in this file system. For example, the following command displays the type of processor OProfile detected:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">cat /dev/oprofile/cpu_type</code></pre><div class="para">
A directory exists in <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> for each counter. For example, if there are 2 counters, the directories <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/0/</code> and <code class="filename">dev/oprofile/1/</code> exist.
@@ -11607,7 +11697,7 @@ samples % symbol name
<span class="emphasis"><em>Determine which applications and services are used the most on a system</em></span> — <code class="command">opreport</code> can be used to determine how much processor time an application or service uses. If the system is used for multiple services but is under performing, the services consuming the most processor time can be moved to dedicated systems.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Determine processor usage</em></span> — The <code class="computeroutput">CPU_CLK_UNHALTED</code> event can be monitored to determine the processor load over a given period of time. This data can then be used to determine if additional processors or a faster processor might improve system performance.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="id637116" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="id603056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile allows you to profile dynamically compiled code (also known as "just-in-time" or JIT code) of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). OProfile in Fedora 16 includes build-in support for the JVM Tools Interface (JVMTI) agent library, which supports Java 1.5 and higher.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-profiling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To profile JIT code from the Java Virtual Machine with the JVMTI agent, add the following to the JVM startup parameters:
@@ -11615,7 +11705,7 @@ samples % symbol name
The <span class="package">oprofile-jit</span> package must be installed on the system in order to profile JIT code with OProfile.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about Java support in OProfile, refer to the OProfile Manual, which is linked from <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">Section 20.11, “Additional Resources”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="id911268" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="id588827" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some OProfile preferences can be set with a graphical interface. To start it, execute the <code class="command">oprof_start</code> command as root at a shell prompt. To use the graphical interface, you will need to have the <code class="filename">oprofile-gui</code> package installed.
</div><div class="para">
After changing any of the options, save them by clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Save and quit</strong></span> button. The preferences are written to <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code>, and the application exits. Exiting the application does not stop OProfile from sampling.
@@ -11643,7 +11733,7 @@ samples % symbol name
To force data to be written to samples files as discussed in <a class="xref" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Section 20.5, “Analyzing the Data”</a>, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Flush</strong></span> button. This is equivalent to the <code class="command">opcontrol --dump</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
To start OProfile from the graphical interface, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Start</strong></span>. To stop the profiler, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Stop</strong></span>. Exiting the application does not stop OProfile from sampling.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1351770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="id654572" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SystemTap is a tracing and probing tool that allows users to study and monitor the activities of the operating system in fine detail. It provides information similar to the output of tools like <code class="command">netstat</code>, <code class="command">ps</code>, <code class="command">top</code>, and <code class="command">iostat</code>; however, SystemTap is designed to provide more filtering and analysis options for collected information.
</div><div class="para">
While using OProfile is suggested in cases of collecting data on where and why the processor spends time in a particular area of code, it is less usable when finding out why the processor stays idle.
@@ -11651,7 +11741,7 @@ samples % symbol name
You might want to use SystemTap when instrumenting specific places in code. Because SystemTap allows you to run the code instrumentation without having to stop and restart the instrumentation, it is particularly useful for instrumenting the kernel and daemons.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on SystemTap, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-oprofile-useful-websites">Section 20.11.2, “Useful Websites”</a> for the relevant SystemTap documentation.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id708983" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1125723" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This chapter only highlights OProfile and how to configure and use it. To learn more, refer to the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/oprofile-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/oprofile.html</code> — <em class="citetitle">OProfile Manual</em>
@@ -11661,19 +11751,19 @@ samples % symbol name
<a href="http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/">http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/</a> — Contains the latest documentation, mailing lists, IRC channels, and more.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/SystemTap_Beginners_Guide/index.html">SystemTap Beginners Guide</a> — Provides basic instructions on how to use SystemTap to monitor different subsystems of Fedora in finer detail.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id688688"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id771503"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers various tools that assist administrators with kernel customization.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-kdump">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-processe
s">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-exit">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="
section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">21.6.3. Configuring the
YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id517360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1528350" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id881004" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id723052" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#ch-kdump">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt
><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-processe
s">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-crash-exit">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="
section"><a href="#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries">21.6.3. Configuring the
YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id1379195" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659995" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id717626" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id572407" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Fedora kernel is custom-built by the Fedora kernel team to ensure its integrity and compatibility with supported hardware. Before a kernel is released, it must first pass a rigorous set of quality assurance tests.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora kernels are packaged in the RPM format so that they are easy to upgrade and verify using the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package managers. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> automatically queries the Yum repositories and informs you of packages with available updates, including kernel packages.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter is therefore <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> useful for users who need to manually update a kernel package using the <code class="command">rpm</code> command instead of <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div><a id="id676281" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id949832" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use Yum to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id509150" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id948953" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use Yum to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Whenever possible, use either the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package manager to install a new kernel because they always <span class="emphasis"><em>install</em></span> a new kernel instead of replacing the current one, which could potentially leave your system unable to boot.
- </div></div></div><a id="id1019344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id628543" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on installing kernel packages with <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span>, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Section 4.1.2, “Updating Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="id499167" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id499179" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id474572" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id474588" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id474604" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id939058" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id939074" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593544" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593560" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id950442" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id950458" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id950474" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id557484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="id640718" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id640730" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id735662" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id735677" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741124" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741140" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id730434" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id730450" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id730466" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1057534" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1057550" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739102" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739118" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora contains the following kernel packages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="package">kernel</span> — Contains the kernel for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems.
@@ -11693,7 +11783,7 @@ samples % symbol name
<span class="package">linux-firmware</span> — Contains all of the firmware files that are required by various devices to operate.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="package">perf</span> — This package contains supporting scripts and documentation for the <span class="application"><strong>perf</strong></span> tool shipped in each kernel image subpackage.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1358543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1358551" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1358567" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1532639" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id618767" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618775" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id995643" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id995655" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before upgrading the kernel, it is recommended that you take some precautionary steps.
</div><div class="para">
First, ensure that working boot media exists for the system in case a problem occurs. If the boot loader is not configured properly to boot the new kernel, the system cannot be booted into Fedora without working boot media.
@@ -11732,7 +11822,7 @@ kernel.x86_64 2.6.38.6-27.fc15 installed
kernel-doc.noarch 2.6.38.6-27.fc15 installed
kernel-headers.x86_64 2.6.38.6-27.fc15 installed</pre><div class="para">
From the output, determine which packages need to be downloaded for the kernel upgrade. For a single processor system, the only required package is the <span class="package">kernel</span> package. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Section 21.1, “Overview of Kernel Packages”</a> for descriptions of the different packages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="id606189" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606201" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606212" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1534187" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="id748565" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722538" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722550" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722565" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are several ways to determine if an updated kernel is available for the system.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Security Advisories — Refer to <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA">http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA</a> for information on Security Advisories, including kernel upgrades that fix security issues.
@@ -11740,7 +11830,7 @@ kernel-headers.x86_64 2.6.38.6-27.fc15 installed</pre><div clas
Via Fedora Update System — Download and install the kernel RPM packages. For more information, refer to <a href="http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/">http://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/</a>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
To install the kernel manually, continue to <a class="xref" href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">Section 21.4, “Performing the Upgrade”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id896308" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id768427" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
After retrieving all of the necessary packages, it is time to upgrade the existing kernel.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the old kernel when performing the upgrade</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is strongly recommended that you keep the old kernel in case there are problems with the new kernel.
@@ -11748,7 +11838,7 @@ kernel-headers.x86_64 2.6.38.6-27.fc15 installed</pre><div clas
At a shell prompt, change to the directory that contains the kernel RPM packages. Use <code class="option">-i</code> argument with the <code class="command">rpm</code> command to keep the old kernel. Do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use the <code class="option">-U</code> option, since it overwrites the currently installed kernel, which creates boot loader problems. For example:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rpm -ivh kernel-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>.<em class="replaceable"><code>arch</code></em>.rpm </code></pre><div class="para">
The next step is to verify that the initial RAM disk image has been created. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Section 21.5, “Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image”</a> for details.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</h2></div></div></div><a id="id444213" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1072461" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The job of the initial RAM disk image is to preload the block device modules, such as for IDE, SCSI or RAID, so that the root file system, on which those modules normally reside, can then be accessed and mounted. On Fedora 16 systems, whenever a new kernel is installed using either the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> package manager, the <span class="application"><strong>Dracut</strong></span> utility is always called by the installation scripts to create an <em class="firstterm">initramfs</em> (initial RAM disk image).
</div><div class="para">
On all architectures other than IBM eServer System i (see <a class="xref" href="#bh-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image_and_Kernel_on_IBM_eServer_System_i">Section 21.5, “ Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i ”</a>), you can create an <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> by running the <code class="command">dracut</code> command. However, you usually don't need to create an <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> manually: this step is automatically performed if the kernel and its associated packages are installed or upgraded from RPM packages distributed by The Fedora Project.
@@ -11802,11 +11892,11 @@ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 20:36 etc -> run/initramfs/etc
Refer to <code class="command">man dracut</code> and <code class="command">man dracut.conf</code> for more information on options and usage.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Examine the <code class="filename">grub.cfg</code> configuration file in the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/</code> directory to ensure that an <code class="computeroutput">initrd <code class="filename">initramfs-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>.img</code></code> exists for the kernel version you are booting. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">Section 21.6, “Verifying the Boot Loader”</a> for more information.
- </div></li></ol></div><h3> Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i </h3><a id="id603628" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><h3> Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i </h3><a id="id819122" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On IBM eServer System i machines, the initial RAM disk and kernel files are combined into a single file, which is created with the <code class="command">addRamDisk</code> command. This step is performed automatically if the kernel and its associated packages are installed or upgraded from the RPM packages distributed by The Fedora Project; thus, it does not need to be executed manually. To verify that it was created, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to make sure the <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em></code> file already exists:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ls -l /boot</code></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em> should match the version of the kernel just installed.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="id750821" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="id780386" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you install a kernel using <code class="command">rpm</code>, the kernel package creates an entry in the boot loader configuration file for that new kernel. However, <code class="command">rpm</code> does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> configure the new kernel to boot as the default kernel. You must do this manually when installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code>.
</div><div class="para">
It is always recommended to double-check the boot loader configuration file after installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code> to ensure that the configuration is correct. Otherwise, the system may not be able to boot into Fedora properly. If this happens, boot the system with the boot media created earlier and re-configure the boot loader.
@@ -11848,7 +11938,7 @@ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 20:36 etc -> run/initramfs/etc
z/IPL
</td><td>
—
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id666694" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id666706" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1043414" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1043426" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
GRUB's configuration file, <code class="filename">/boot/grub/grub.conf</code>, contains a few lines with directives, such as <code class="computeroutput">default</code>, <code class="computeroutput">timeout</code>, <code class="computeroutput">splashimage</code> and <code class="computeroutput">hiddenmenu</code> (the last directive has no argument). The remainder of the file contains 4-line <em class="firstterm">stanzas</em> that each refer to an installed kernel. These stanzas always start with a <code class="computeroutput">title</code> entry, after which the associated <code class="computeroutput">root</code>, <code class="computeroutput">kernel</code> and <code class="computeroutput">initrd</code> directives should always be indented. Ensure that each stanza starts with a <code class="computeroutput">title</code> that contains a version number (in parentheses) that matches the version number in the <code class="computeroutput">kernel /vmlinuz-<em class="replaceable">
<code>version_number</code></em></code> line of the same stanza.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-_boot_grub_grub.conf"><h6>Example 21.1. /boot/grub/grub.conf</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"># grub.conf generated by anaconda
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[comments omitted]</span></em>
@@ -11884,7 +11974,7 @@ title Fedora (2.6.38.6-26.rc1.fc15.x86_64)
If you set the <code class="computeroutput">timeout</code> directive in <code class="filename">grub.conf</code> to <code class="constant">0</code>, GRUB will not display its list of bootable kernels when the system starts up. In order to display this list when booting, press and hold any alphanumeric key while and immediately after BIOS information is displayed, and GRUB will present you with the GRUB menu.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Alternatively, use the boot media you created earlier to boot the system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1357780" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1357792" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id606985" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606997" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel-version</code></em></code> file is installed when you upgrade the kernel. However, you must use the <code class="command">dd</code> command to configure the system to boot the new kernel.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, issue the command <code class="command">cat /proc/iSeries/mf/side</code> to determine the default side (either A, B, or C).
@@ -11909,7 +11999,7 @@ image=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.EL
Notice that the default is not set to the new kernel. The kernel in the first image is booted by default. To change the default kernel to boot either move its image stanza so that it is the first one listed or add the directive <code class="computeroutput">default</code> and set it to the <code class="computeroutput">label</code> of the image stanza that contains the new kernel.
</div><div class="para">
Begin testing the new kernel by rebooting the computer and watching the messages to ensure that the hardware is detected properly.
- </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specific_
Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id710704" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1013481" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561202" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Specific_
Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id519038" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id486061" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1022718" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Linux kernel is modular, which means it can extend its capabilities through the use of dynamically-loaded <em class="firstterm">kernel modules</em>. A kernel module can provide:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
a device driver which adds support for new hardware; or,
@@ -11932,7 +12022,7 @@ image=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-19.EL
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install module-init-tools</code>
</pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with Yum, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="id439100" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id439116" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649980" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1419279" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id816446" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id816466" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded into the kernel by running the <code class="command">lsmod</code> command, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">lsmod</code>
@@ -11977,9 +12067,9 @@ kvm 253162 1 kvm_intel
the amount of memory it uses; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
the sum total of processes that are using the module and other modules which depend on it, followed by a list of the names of those modules, if there are any. Using this list, you can first unload all the modules depending the module you want to unload. For more information, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Section 22.4, “Unloading a Module”</a>.
- </div></li></ul></div><a id="id520900" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><a id="id528847" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Finally, note that <code class="command">lsmod</code> output is less verbose and considerably easier to read than the content of the <code class="filename">/proc/modules</code> pseudo-file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id845212" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id845228" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677567" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id945217" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id945233" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id945253" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can display detailed information about a kernel module by running the <code class="command">modinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> command.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Module_names_do_not_end_in_.ko"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Module names do not end in .ko</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When entering the name of a kernel module as an argument to one of the <span class="package">module-init-tools</span> utilities, do not append a <code class="filename">.ko</code> extension to the end of the name. Kernel module names do not have extensions: their corresponding files do.
@@ -12041,10 +12131,10 @@ parm: RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm: SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int)
parm: TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm: TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int)
-parm: WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id471327" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471343" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471363" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+parm: WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id790215" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id790231" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id790251" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a kernel module, run <code class="command">modprobe <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, to load the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module, run:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe wacom</code>
-</pre><a id="id594073" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre><a id="id762847" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, <code class="command">modprobe</code> attempts to load the module from <code class="filename">/lib/modules/<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/kernel/drivers/</code>. In this directory, each type of module has its own subdirectory, such as <code class="filename">net/</code> and <code class="filename">scsi/</code>, for network and SCSI interface drivers respectively.
</div><div class="para">
Some modules have dependencies, which are other kernel modules that must be loaded before the module in question can be loaded. The <code class="command">modprobe</code> command always takes dependencies into account when performing operations. When you ask <code class="command">modprobe</code> to load a specific kernel module, it first examines the dependencies of that module, if there are any, and loads them if they are not already loaded into the kernel. <code class="command">modprobe</code> resolves dependencies recursively: it will load all dependencies of dependencies, and so on, if necessary, thus ensuring that all dependencies are always met.
@@ -12059,9 +12149,9 @@ insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/libfc/libfc.ko
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/libfcoe.ko
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe.ko</pre><div class="para">
In this example, you can see that <code class="command">modprobe</code> loaded the <code class="systemitem">scsi_tgt</code>, <code class="systemitem">scsi_transport_fc</code>, <code class="systemitem">libfc</code> and <code class="systemitem">libfcoe</code> modules as dependencies before finally loading <code class="systemitem">fcoe</code>. Also note that <code class="command">modprobe</code> used the more <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">primitive</span>”</span> <code class="command">insmod</code> command to insert the modules into the running kernel.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id599436" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id1371096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1371116" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">insmod</code> command can also be used to load kernel modules, it does not resolve dependencies. Because of this, you should <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> load modules using <code class="command">modprobe</code> instead.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id565830" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565842" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id500837" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id683903" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id851338" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id851358" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can unload a kernel module by running <code class="command">modprobe -r <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em> </code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, assuming that the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module is already loaded into the kernel, you can unload it by running:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe -r wacom</code>
</pre><div class="para">
@@ -12090,9 +12180,9 @@ rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-ohci.ko
rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-core.ko
rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko</pre><div class="para">
The output shows that modules are unloaded in the reverse order that they are loaded, given that no processes depend on any of the modules being unloaded.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id990200" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id990220" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Do_not_use_rmmod_directly"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use rmmod directly!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id740111" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id740131" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Do_not_use_rmmod_directly"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use rmmod directly!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">rmmod</code> command can be used to unload kernel modules, it is recommended to use <code class="command">modprobe -r</code> instead.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</h2></div></div></div><a id="id808709" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id808721" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1024467" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1024479" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like the kernel itself, modules can also take parameters that change their behavior. Most of the time, the default ones work well, but occasionally it is necessary or desirable to set custom parameters for a module. Because parameters cannot be dynamically set for a module that is already loaded into a running kernel, there are two different methods for setting them.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
You can unload all dependencies of the module you want to set parameters for, unload the module using <code class="command">modprobe -r</code>, and then load it with <code class="command">modprobe</code> along with a list of customized parameters. This method is often used when the module does not have many dependencies, or to test different combinations of parameters without making them persistent, and is the method covered in this section.
@@ -12125,7 +12215,7 @@ rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko</pre><div class=
Load the module and list all custom parameters after the module name. For example, if you wanted to load the Intel PRO/1000 network driver with the interrupt throttle rate set to 3000 interrupts per second for the first, second and third instances of the driver, and Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) turned on<sup>[<a id="footnote-Energy_Efficient_Ethernet" href="#ftn.footnote-Energy_Efficient_Ethernet" class="footnote">3</a>]</sup> , you would run, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe e1000e InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000 EEE=1</code></pre><div class="para">
This example illustrates passing multiple valued to a single parameter by separating them with commas and omitting any spaces between them.
- </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="id583515" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id583531" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="id693867" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id693883" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As shown in <a class="xref" href="#ex-Listing_information_about_a_kernel_module_with_lsmod">Example 22.1, “Listing information about a kernel module with lsmod”</a>, many kernel modules are loaded automatically at boot time. You can specify additional modules to be loaded by creating a new <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.modules</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/modules/</code> directory, where <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em> is any descriptive name of your choice. Your <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.modules</code> files are treated by the system startup scripts as shell scripts, and as such should begin with an <em class="firstterm">interpreter directive</em> (also called a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">bang line</span>”</span>) as their first line:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><span class="perl_Comment">#!/bin/sh</span></pre><div class="para">
Additionally, the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.modules</code> file should be executable. You can make it executable by running:
@@ -12142,13 +12232,13 @@ rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko</pre><div class=
The following <code class="command">>/dev/null 2>&1</code> clause at the end of that line redirects any output to <code class="filename">/dev/null</code> so that the <code class="command">modprobe</code> command remains quiet.
</div></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This section explains how to enable specific kernel capabilities using various kernel modules.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</h3></div></div></div><a id="id960888" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</h3></div></div></div><a id="id557583" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is possible to use multiple Ethernet cards on a single machine. For each card there must be an <code class="command">alias</code> and, possibly, <code class="command">options</code> lines for each card in a user-created <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.conf</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
For additional information about using multiple Ethernet cards, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Linux Ethernet-HOWTO</em> online at <a href="http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html">http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id583261" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id583277" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id481462" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id481474" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id481486" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id510914" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1411412" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1411424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1411436" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1411448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora allows administrators to bind NICs together into a single channel using the <code class="filename">bonding</code> kernel module and a special network interface, called a <em class="firstterm">channel bonding interface</em>. Channel bonding enables two or more network interfaces to act as one, simultaneously increasing the bandwidth and providing redundancy.
- </div><a id="id481511" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1003333" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id733777" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id733789" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To channel bond multiple network interfaces, the administrator must perform the following steps:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, create a new file named <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>bonding</code></em>.conf</code> in the <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.d/</code> directory. Note that you can name this file anything you like as long as it ends with a <code class="filename">.conf</code> extension. Insert the following line in this new file:
@@ -12158,7 +12248,7 @@ rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko</pre><div class=
Configure a channel bonding interface as outlined in <a class="xref" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">Section 6.2.2, “Channel Bonding Interfaces”</a>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To enhance performance, adjust available module options to ascertain what combination works best. Pay particular attention to the <code class="command">miimon</code> or <code class="command">arp_interval</code> and the <code class="command">arp_ip_target</code> parameters. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Section 22.7.2.1, “Bonding Module Directives”</a> for a list of available options and how to quickly determine the best ones for your bonded interface.
- </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives">22.7.2.1. Bonding Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id480455" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id480470" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id480486" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives">22.7.2.1. Bonding Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id725390" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596079" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596094" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is a good idea to test which channel bonding module parameters work best for your bonded interfaces before adding them to the <em class="parameter"><code>BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters</code></em>"</code></em> directive in your bonding interface configuration file (<code class="filename">ifcfg-bond0</code> for example). Parameters to bonded interfaces can be configured without unloading (and reloading) the bonding module by manipulating files in the <code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> file system.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> is a virtual file system that represents kernel objects as directories, files and symbolic links. <code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> can be used to query for information about kernel objects, and can also manipulate those objects through the use of normal file system commands. The <code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> virtual file system has a line in <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code>, and is mounted under the <code class="filename">/sys/</code> directory. All bonding interfaces can be configured dynamically by interacting with and manipulating files under the <code class="filename">/sys/class/net/</code> directory.
@@ -12358,13 +12448,13 @@ bond0</pre><div class="para">
This chapter explains how to configure, test, and use the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service in Fedora, and provides a brief overview of how to analyze the resulting core dump using the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> debugging utility.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This section covers two common means of configuring the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service: using the <span class="application"><strong>Kernel Dump Configuration</strong></span> graphical utility, and doing so manually on the command line. It also describes how to test the configuration to verify that everything works as expected.
- </div><a id="id608988" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable IOMMU on Intel chipsets</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1039613" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable IOMMU on Intel chipsets</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
A limitation in the current implementation of the <code class="systemitem">Intel IOMMU</code> driver can occasionally prevent the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service from capturing the core dump image. To use <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> on Intel architectures reliably, it is advised that the IOMMU support is disabled.
</div></div></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To use the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service, you must have the <span class="package">kexec-tools</span> and <span class="package">system-config-kdump</span> packages installed. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install kexec-tools system-config-kdump</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1014060" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1014076" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1424647" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1424663" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>Kernel Dump Configuration</strong></span> utility, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Kernel crash dumps</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">system-config-kdump</code> at a shell prompt. You will be presented with a window as shown in <a class="xref" href="#fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration">Figure 23.1, “Basic Settings”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
The utility allows you to configure <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> as well as to enable or disable starting the service at boot time. When you are done, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> to save the changes. The system reboot will be requested, and unless you are already authenticated, you will be prompted to enter the superuser password.
@@ -12374,15 +12464,15 @@ bond0</pre><div class="para">
The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">not enough memory</span>”</span> error
</div></div></div><div class="para">
For the information on minimum memory requirements, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Hardware Overview</em> section of the <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Release_Notes/index.html"><em class="citetitle">Fedora 15 Release Notes</em></a>. Note that when the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> crash recovery is enabled, the minimum memory requirements increase by the amount of memory reserved for it. This value is determined by a user, and defaults to 128MB.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">23.1.1.1. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id726783" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">23.1.1.1. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1061157" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> daemon at boot time, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Enable</strong></span> button on the toolbar. This will enable the service for runlevels <code class="literal">2</code>, <code class="literal">3</code>, <code class="literal">4</code>, and <code class="literal">5</code>, and start it for the current session. Similarly, clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Disable</strong></span> button will disable it for all runlevels and stop the service immediately.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on runlevels and configuring services in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">23.1.1.2. The Basic Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id576712" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">23.1.1.2. The Basic Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1415487" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Basic Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to configure the amount of memory that is reserved for the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> kernel. To do so, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Manual kdump memory settings</strong></span> radio button, and click the up and down arrow buttons next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>New kdump Memory</strong></span> field to increase or decrease the value. Notice that the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Usable Memory</strong></span> field changes accordingly showing you the remaining memory that will be available to the system.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration.png" alt="Basic Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Basic Settings</strong></span>
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.1. Basic Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">23.1.1.3. The Target Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id679255" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.1. Basic Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">23.1.1.3. The Target Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id636760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Target Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to specify the target location for the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump. It can be either stored as a file in a local file system, written directly to a device, or sent over a network using the NFS (Network File System) or SSH (Secure Shell) protocol.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-target_settings"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-target_settings.png" alt="Target Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Target Settings</strong></span>
@@ -12392,7 +12482,7 @@ bond0</pre><div class="para">
To write the dump directly to a device, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Raw device</strong></span> radio button, and choose the desired target device from the pulldown list next to it.
</div><div class="para">
To store the dump to a remote machine, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network</strong></span> radio button. To use the NFS protocol, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>NFS</strong></span> radio button, and fill the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Server name</strong></span> and <span class="guilabel"><strong>Path to directory</strong></span> fields. To use the SSH protocol, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>SSH</strong></span> radio button, and fill the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Server name</strong></span>, <span class="guilabel"><strong>Path to directory</strong></span>, and <span class="guilabel"><strong>User name</strong></span> fields with the remote server address, target directory, and a valid remote user name respectively. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-OpenSSH">Chapter 9, <em>OpenSSH</em></a> for information on how to configure an SSH server, and how to set up a key-based authentication.
- </div><a id="id483568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id692081" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For a complete list of currently supported targets, see <a class="xref" href="#tab-kdump-supported_targets">Table 23.1, “Supported kdump targets”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="tab-kdump-supported_targets"><h6>Table 23.1. Supported kdump targets</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Supported kdump targets" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="type" /><col width="40%" class="supported" /><col width="40%" class="unsupported" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Type
@@ -12434,9 +12524,9 @@ bond0</pre><div class="para">
Remote directories accessed using wireless network interfaces.
</td></tr><tr><td>
Multipath-based storages.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id715248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id1061052" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Due to known issue with the <code class="systemitem">hpsa</code> driver, <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> is unable to save the dump to a storage that uses this driver for HP Smart Array Controllers. If this applies to your machine, it is advised that you save the dump to a remote system using the NFS or SSH protocol instead.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">23.1.1.4. The Filtering Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id653640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">23.1.1.4. The Filtering Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id645690" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Filtering Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to select the filtering level for the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-filtering_settings"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-filtering_settings.png" alt="Filtering Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Filtering Settings</strong></span>
@@ -12446,21 +12536,21 @@ bond0</pre><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Expert Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to choose which kernel and initial RAM disk to use, as well as to customize the options that are passed to the kernel and the core collector program.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-expert_settings"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-expert_settings.png" alt="Expert Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Expert Settings</strong></span>
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.4. Expert Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id766079" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.4. Expert Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id805972" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To use a different initial RAM disk, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Custom initrd</strong></span> radio button, and choose the desired RAM disk from the pulldown list next to it.
- </div><a id="id766106" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id806000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To capture a different kernel, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Custom kernel</strong></span> radio button, and choose the desired kernel image from the pulldown list on the right.
- </div><a id="id542055" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id512354" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To adjust the list of options that are passed to the kernel at boot time, edit the content of the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Edited</strong></span> text field. Note that you can always revert your changes by clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Refresh</strong></span> button.
- </div><a id="id542088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id512387" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To choose what steps should be taken when the kernel crash is captured, select the appropriate option from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Default action</strong></span> pulldown list. Available options are <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>mount rootfs and run /sbin/init</strong></span> (the default action), <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>reboot</strong></span> (to reboot the system), <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>shell</strong></span> (to present a user with an interactive shell prompt), <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>halt</strong></span> (to halt the system), and <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>poweroff</strong></span> (to power the system off).
- </div><a id="id531688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id757074" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To customize the options that are passed to the <code class="command">makedumpfile</code> core collector, edit the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Core collector</strong></span> text field; see <a class="xref" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Section 23.1.2.3, “Configuring the Core Collector”</a> for more information.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-cli"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To perform actions described in this section, you have to be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. To do so, run the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">23.1.2.1. Configuring the Memory Usage</h4></div></div></div><a id="id514604" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">23.1.2.1. Configuring the Memory Usage</h4></div></div></div><a id="id730382" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure the amount of memory that is reserved for the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> kernel, open the <code class="filename">/boot/grub/grub.conf</code> file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, and add the <code class="option">crashkernel=<em class="replaceable"><code><size></code></em>M</code> parameter to the list of kernel options as shown in <a class="xref" href="#ex-kdump-configuration-cli-memory-grub">Example 23.1, “A sample /boot/grub/grub.conf file”</a>.
- </div><a id="id1326140" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id437705" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id437725" class="indexterm"></a><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-configuration-cli-memory-grub"><h6>Example 23.1. A sample /boot/grub/grub.conf file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"># grub.conf generated by anaconda
+ </div><a id="id537261" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556068" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556087" class="indexterm"></a><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-configuration-cli-memory-grub"><h6>Example 23.1. A sample /boot/grub/grub.conf file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"># grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
@@ -12479,7 +12569,7 @@ title Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-54.el6.i686)
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-54.el6.i686.img
</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure the system has enough memory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> crash recovery is enabled, the minimum memory requirements increase by the amount of memory reserved for it. This value is determined by a user, and defaults to 128 MB, as lower values proved to be unreliable. For the information on minimum memory requirements, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Hardware Overview</em> section of the <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Release_Notes/index.html"><em class="citetitle">Fedora 15 Release Notes</em></a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">23.1.2.2. Configuring the Target Type</h4></div></div></div><a id="id440247" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">23.1.2.2. Configuring the Target Type</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1062840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When a kernel crash is captured, the core dump can be either stored as a file in a local file system, written directly to a device, or sent over a network using the NFS (Network File System) or SSH (Secure Shell) protocol. Note that only one of these options can be set at the moment. The default option is to store the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> file in the <code class="filename">/var/crash/</code> directory of the local file system. To change this, open the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, and edit the options as described below.
</div><div class="para">
To change the local directory in which the core dump is to be saved, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#path /var/crash</code> line, and replace the value with a desired directory path. Optionally, if you wish to write the file to a different partition, follow the same procedure with the <code class="literal">#ext4 /dev/sda3</code> line as well, and change both the file system type and the device (a device name, a file system label, and UUID are all supported) accordingly. For example:
@@ -12492,17 +12582,17 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
To store the dump to a remote machine using the SSH protocol, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#net user at my.server.com</code> line, and replace the value with a valid username and hostname. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">net john at penguin.example.com</pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-OpenSSH">Chapter 9, <em>OpenSSH</em></a> for information on how to configure an SSH server, and how to set up a key-based authentication.
- </div><a id="id1354246" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1000171" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For a complete list of currently supported targets, see <a class="xref" href="#tab-kdump-supported_targets">Table 23.1, “Supported kdump targets”</a>.
- </div><a id="id566829" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id647461" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Due to known issue with the <code class="systemitem">hpsa</code> driver, <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> is unable to save the dump to a storage that uses this driver for HP Smart Array Controllers. If this applies to your machine, it is advised that you save the dump to a remote system using the NFS or SSH protocol instead.
</div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">23.1.2.3. Configuring the Core Collector</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
To reduce the size of the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump file, <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> allows you to specify an external application (that is, a core collector) to compress the data, and optionally leave out all irrelevant information. Currently, the only fully supported core collector is <code class="command">makedumpfile</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To enable the core collector, open the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#core_collector makedumpfile -c --message-level 1 -d 31</code> line, and edit the command line options as described below.
- </div><a id="id747440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id749164" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To enable the dump file compression, add the <code class="option">-c</code> parameter. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">core_collector makedumpfile -c</pre><a id="id747471" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">core_collector makedumpfile -c</pre><a id="id749196" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To remove certain pages from the dump, add the <code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> parameter, where <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> is a sum of values of pages you want to omit as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering-makedumpfile">Table 23.2, “Supported filtering levels”</a>. For example, to remove both zero and free pages, use the following:
</div><pre class="screen">core_collector makedumpfile -d 17 -c</pre><div class="para">
Refer to the manual page for <code class="command">makedumpfile</code> for a complete list of available options.
@@ -12530,7 +12620,7 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">16</code>
</td><td>
Free pages
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">23.1.2.4. Changing the Default Action</h4></div></div></div><a id="id448800" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">23.1.2.4. Changing the Default Action</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1414651" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, when the kernel crash is captured, the root file system is mounted, and <code class="command">/sbin/init</code> is run. To change this behavior, open the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#default shell</code> line, and replace the value with a desired action as described in <a class="xref" href="#table-kdump-configuration-cli-action-actions">Table 23.3, “Supported actions”</a>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">default halt</pre><div class="table" id="table-kdump-configuration-cli-action-actions"><h6>Table 23.3. Supported actions</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Supported actions" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="option" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Option
@@ -12552,13 +12642,13 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">shell</code>
</td><td>
Run the <span class="application"><strong>msh</strong></span> session from within the initramfs, allowing a user to record the core manually.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">23.1.2.5. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id481119" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">23.1.2.5. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id781104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> daemon at boot time, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable kdump.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Similarly, typing <code class="command">systemctl disable kdump.service</code> will disable it. To start the service in the current session, use the following command:
- </div><a id="id532100" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start kdump.service</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id781144" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start kdump.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on runlevels and configuring services in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1320380" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Be careful when using these commands</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1089160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Be careful when using these commands</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The commands below will cause the kernel to crash. Use caution when following these steps, and by no means use them on a production machine.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To test the configuration, reboot the system with <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> enabled, and make sure that the service is running (refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-services-running">Section 7.2, “Running Services”</a> for more information on how to run a service in Fedora):
@@ -12572,14 +12662,14 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
`-- 127.0.0.1-2010-08-25-08:45:02
`-- vmcore
-1 directory, 1 file</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-crash"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</h2></div></div></div><a id="id513955" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+1 directory, 1 file</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-crash"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</h2></div></div></div><a id="id945005" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To determine the cause of the system crash, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> utility, which provides an interactive prompt very similar to the GNU Debugger (GDB). This utility allows you to interactively analyze a running Linux system as well as a core dump created by <code class="systemitem">netdump</code>, <code class="systemitem">diskdump</code>, <code class="systemitem">xendump</code>, or <code class="systemitem">kdump</code>.
- </div><a id="id514001" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id1604443" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To analyze the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump file, you must have the <span class="package">crash</span> and <span class="package">kernel-debuginfo</span> packages installed. To install these packages, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install crash</code>
<code class="command">debuginfo-install kernel</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id833041" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id721538" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the utility, type the command in the following form at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">crash /var/crash/<em class="replaceable"><code>timestamp</code></em>/vmcore /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel</code></em>/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
Note that the <em class="replaceable"><code>kernel</code></em> version should be the same that was captured by <code class="systemitem">kdump</code>. To find out which kernel you are currently running, use the <code class="command">uname -r</code> command.
@@ -12627,7 +12717,7 @@ LOAD AVERAGE: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
CPU: 2
STATE: TASK_RUNNING (PANIC)
-crash></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id953659" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+crash></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id772402" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display the kernel message buffer, type the <code class="command">log</code> command at the interactive prompt.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-log"><h6>Example 23.4. Displaying the kernel message buffer</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">log</code>
<span class="emphasis"><em>... several lines omitted ...</em></span>
@@ -12654,7 +12744,7 @@ Code: a0 c0 01 0f b6 41 03 19 d2 f7 d2 83 e2 03 83 e0 cf c1 e2 04 09 d0 88 41 03
EIP: [<c068124f>] sysrq_handle_crash+0xf/0x20 SS:ESP 0068:ef4dbf24
CR2: 0000000000000000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Type <code class="command">help log</code> for more information on the command usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</h3></div></div></div><a id="id820703" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</h3></div></div></div><a id="id584029" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display the kernel stack trace, type the <code class="command">bt</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">bt <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display the backtrace of the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-backtrace"><h6>Example 23.5. Displaying the kernel stack trace</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">bt</code>
PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
@@ -12679,7 +12769,7 @@ PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
SS: 007b ESP: bfcb2088 EBP: bfcb20b4 GS: 0033
CS: 0073 EIP: 00edc416 ERR: 00000004 EFLAGS: 00000246</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Type <code class="command">help bt</code> for more information on the command usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</h3></div></div></div><a id="id488490" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</h3></div></div></div><a id="id486682" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display status of processes in the system, type the <code class="command">ps</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">ps <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display the status of the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-processes"><h6>Example 23.6. Displaying status of processes in the system</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">ps</code>
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
@@ -12694,7 +12784,7 @@ PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
5587 5132 0 f196d030 IN 0.0 11064 3184 sshd
> 5591 5587 2 f196d560 RU 0.0 5084 1648 bash</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Type <code class="command">help ps</code> for more information on the command usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id708742" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id840296" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display basic virtual memory information, type the <code class="command">vm</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">vm <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display information on the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-memory"><h6>Example 23.7. Displaying virtual memory information of the current context</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">vm</code>
PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
@@ -12724,7 +12814,7 @@ f1bb0c70 811d000 8122000 100073
f26afae0 9fd9000 9ffa000 100073
<span class="emphasis"><em>... several lines omitted ...</em></span></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Type <code class="command">help vm</code> for more information on the command usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id563823" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id729962" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display information about open files, type the <code class="command">files</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">files <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display files opened by the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-files"><h6>Example 23.8. Displaying information about open files of the current context</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">files</code>
PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
@@ -12739,7 +12829,7 @@ ROOT: / CWD: /root
</div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-exit"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-exit">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To exit the interactive prompt and terminate <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span>, type <code class="command">exit</code> or <code class="command">q</code>.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-exit"><h6>Example 23.9. Exiting the crash utility</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">exit</code>
-~]#</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1112368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1112388" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man kdump.conf</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+~]#</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id815147" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id815167" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man kdump.conf</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file containing the full documentation of available options.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man makedumpfile</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="command">makedumpfile</code> core collector containing the full documentation on its usage.
@@ -12749,11 +12839,71 @@ ROOT: / CWD: /root
The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> utility containing the full documentation on its usage.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kexec-tools-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/kexec-kdump-howto.txt</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
An overview of the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> and <code class="command">kexec</code> installation and usage.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-online"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id581782" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://people.redhat.com/anderson/">http://people.redhat.com/anderson/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-online"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1005280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://people.redhat.com/anderson/">http://people.redhat.com/anderson/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> utility homepage.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="id879500" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id879494" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Consistent Network Device Naming</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 provides consistent network device naming for network interfaces. This feature changes the name of network interfaces on a system in order to make locating and differentiating the interfaces easier.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ Traditionally, network interfaces in Linux are enumerated as <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>, but these names do not necessarily correspond to actual labels on the chassis. Modern server platforms with multiple network adapters can encounter non-deterministic and counter-intuitive naming of these interfaces. This affects both network adapters embedded on the motherboard (<em class="firstterm">Lan-on-Motherboard</em>, or <em class="firstterm"><acronym class="acronym">LOM</acronym></em>) and add-in (single and multiport) adapters.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ The new naming convention assigns names to network interfaces based on their physical location, whether embedded or in PCI slots. By converting to this naming convention, system administrators will no longer have to guess at the physical location of a network port, or modify each system to rename them into some consistent order.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ This feature, implemented via the <span class="application"><strong>biosdevname</strong></span> program, will change the name of all embedded network interfaces, PCI card network interfaces, and virtual function network interfaces from the existing <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code> to the new naming convention as shown in <a class="xref" href="#tabl-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming">Table A.1, “The new naming convention”</a>.
+ </div><div class="table" id="tabl-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming"><h6>Table A.1. The new naming convention</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The new naming convention" border="1"><colgroup><col width="35%" class="device" /><col width="15%" class="old" /><col width="50%" class="new" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
+ Device
+ </th><th>
+ Old Name
+ </th><th>
+ New Name
+ </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
+ Embedded network interface (LOM)
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">em[1234…]</code><sup>[<a id="id740754" href="#ftn.id740754" class="footnote">a</a>]</sup>
+ </td></tr><tr><td>
+ PCI card network interface
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">p<<em class="replaceable"><code>slot</code></em>>p<<em class="replaceable"><code>ethernet port</code></em>></code><sup>[<a id="id1116785" href="#ftn.id1116785" class="footnote">b</a>]</sup>
+ </td></tr><tr><td>
+ Virtual function
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">p<<em class="replaceable"><code>slot</code></em>>p<<em class="replaceable"><code>ethernet port</code></em>>_<<em class="replaceable"><code>virtual interface</code></em>></code><sup>[<a id="id761486" href="#ftn.id761486" class="footnote">c</a>]</sup>
+ </td></tr></tbody><tbody class="footnotes"><tr><td colspan="3"><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id740754" href="#id740754" class="para">a</a>] </sup>
+ New enumeration starts at <code class="literal">1</code>.
+ </div></div><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id1116785" href="#id1116785" class="para">b</a>] </sup>
+ For example: <code class="interfacename">p3p4</code>
+ </div></div><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id761486" href="#id761486" class="para">c</a>] </sup>
+ For example: <code class="interfacename">p3p4_1</code>
+ </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
+ System administrators may continue to write rules in <code class="filename">/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</code> to change the device names to anything desired; those will take precedence over this physical location naming convention.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Affected_Systems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Affected_Systems">A.1. Affected Systems</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Consistent network device naming is enabled by default for all systems that meet the requirements in <a class="xref" href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements">Section A.2, “System Requirements”</a>.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ Regardless of the type of system, Fedora guests will not have devices renamed unless the virtual machine BIOS provides the SMBIOS information outlined in <a class="xref" href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements">Section A.2, “System Requirements”</a>. Also, upgrades from prior releases that did not use this naming convention (that is, Fedora 14 and older) are unaffected, and the old naming convention will continue to be used.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements">A.2. System Requirements</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ The <span class="application"><strong>biosdevname</strong></span> program uses information from the system's BIOS, specifically the <span class="emphasis"><em>type 9</em></span> (System Slot) and <span class="emphasis"><em>type 41</em></span> (Onboard Devices Extended Information) fields contained within the SMBIOS. If the system's BIOS does not have SMBIOS version 2.6 or higher and this data, the new naming convention will not be used. Most older hardware does not support this feature because of a lack of BIOSes with the correct SMBIOS version and field information. For BIOS or SMBIOS version information, contact your hardware vendor.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ For this feature to take effect, the <span class="package">biosdevname</span> package must also be installed. The <span class="package">biosdevname</span> package is part of the <code class="literal">base</code> package group in Fedora 16. All install options, except for <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Minimal Install</strong></span>, include this package.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling">A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ To disable the consistent network device naming on Dell systems that would normally have it on by default, pass the following option on the boot command line, both during and after installation:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="option">biosdevname=0</code></pre><div class="para">
+ To enable this feature on other system types that meet the minimum requirements (see <a class="xref" href="#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements">Section A.2, “System Requirements”</a>), pass the following option on the boot command line, both during and after installation:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="option">biosdevname=1</code></pre><div class="para">
+ Unless the system meets the minimum requirements, this option will be ignored and the system will boot with the traditional network interface name format.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ If the <code class="option">biosdevname</code> install option is specified, it must remain as a boot option for the lifetime of the system.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes">A.4. Notes for Administrators</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Many system customization files can include network interface names, and thus will require updates if moving a system from the old convention to the new convention. If you use the new naming convention, you will also need to update network interface names in areas such as custom iptables rules, scripts altering irqbalance, and other similar configuration files. Also, enabling this change for installation will require modification to existing kickstart files that use device names via the <code class="option">ksdevice</code> parameter; these kickstart files will need to be updated to use the network device's MAC address or the network device's new name.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ The Fedora Project strongly recommends that you consider this feature to be an install-time choice; enabling or disabling the feature post-install, while technically possible, can be complicated and is not recommended. For those system administrators who wish to do so, on a system that meets the minimum requirements, remove the <code class="filename">/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</code> file and the <code class="option">HWADDR</code> lines from all <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*</code> files. In addition, rename those <code class="filename">ifcfg-*</code> files to use this new naming convention. The new names will be in effect after reboot. Remember to update any custom scripts, iptables rules, and service configuration files that might include network interface names.
+ </div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="id776111" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id776105" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">RPM Package Manager</em> (RPM) is an open packaging system
- <a id="id879480" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1416742" class="indexterm"></a>
, which runs on Fedora as well as other Linux and UNIX systems. Red Hat, Inc. and the Fedora Project encourage other vendors to use RPM for their own products. RPM is distributed under the terms of the <em class="firstterm">GPL</em> (<em class="firstterm">GNU General Public License</em>).
</div><div class="para">
The RPM Package Manager only works with packages built to work with the <span class="emphasis"><em>RPM format</em></span>. RPM is itself provided as a pre-installed <span class="package">rpm</span> package. For the end user, RPM makes system updates easy. Installing, uninstalling and upgrading RPM packages can be accomplished with short commands. RPM maintains a database of installed packages and their files, so you can invoke powerful queries and verifications on your system.
@@ -12761,7 +12911,7 @@ ROOT: / CWD: /root
The RPM package format has been improved for Fedora 16. RPM packages are now compressed using the XZ lossless data compression format, which has the benefit of greater compression and less CPU usage during decompression, and support multiple strong hash algorithms, such as SHA-256, for package signing and verification.
</div><div class="warning" id="warning-Use_Yum_Instead_of_RPM_Whenever_Possible"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use Yum Instead of RPM Whenever Possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
For most package management tasks, the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> package manager offers equal and often greater capabilities and utility than RPM
- <a id="id614063" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id775696" class="indexterm"></a>
. <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> also performs and tracks complicated system dependency resolution, and will complain and force system integrity checks if you use RPM as well to install and remove packages. For these reasons, it is highly recommended that you use <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> instead of RPM whenever possible to perform package management tasks. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-yum">Chapter 4, <em>Yum</em></a>.
</div><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> GUI application, which uses <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> as its back end, to manage your system's packages. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-PackageKit">Chapter 5, <em>PackageKit</em></a> for details.
@@ -12771,45 +12921,45 @@ ROOT: / CWD: /root
During upgrades, RPM handles configuration files carefully, so that you never lose your customizations—something that you cannot accomplish with regular <code class="filename">.tar.gz</code> files.
</div><div class="para">
For the developer, RPM allows you to take software source code and package it into source and binary packages for end users.
- <a id="id697149" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id518002" class="indexterm"></a>
This process is quite simple and is driven from a single file and optional patches that you create. This clear delineation between <em class="firstterm">pristine</em> sources and your patches along with build instructions eases the maintenance of the package as new versions of the software are released.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Running rpm commands must be performed as root</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Because RPM makes changes to your system, you must be logged in as root to install, remove, or upgrade an RPM package.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="id688422" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-design">B.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="id640229" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To understand how to use RPM, it can be helpful to understand the design goals of RPM:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Upgradability
- <a id="id688400" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id640206" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
With RPM, you can upgrade individual components of your system without completely reinstalling. When you get a new release of an operating system based on RPM, such as Fedora, you do not need to reinstall a fresh copy of the operating system your machine (as you might need to with operating systems based on other packaging systems). RPM allows intelligent, fully-automated, in-place upgrades of your system. In addition, configuration files in packages are preserved across upgrades, so you do not lose your customizations. There are no special upgrade files needed to upgrade a package because the same RPM file is used to both install and upgrade the package on your system.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Powerful Querying
- <a id="id479964" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id780426" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
RPM is designed to provide powerful querying options. You can perform searches on your entire database for packages or even just certain files. You can also easily find out what package a file belongs to and from where the package came. The files an RPM package contains are in a compressed archive, with a custom binary header containing useful information about the package and its contents, allowing you to query individual packages quickly and easily.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> System Verification
- <a id="id562529" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id507740" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Another powerful RPM feature is the ability to verify packages. If you are worried that you deleted an important file for some package, you can verify the package. You are then notified of anomalies, if any—at which point you can reinstall the package, if necessary. Any configuration files that you modified are preserved during reinstallation.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Pristine Sources
- <a id="id754178" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id614301" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A crucial design goal was to allow the use of <span class="emphasis"><em>pristine </em></span> software sources, as distributed by the original authors of the software. With RPM, you have the pristine sources along with any patches that were used, plus complete build instructions. This is an important advantage for several reasons. For instance, if a new version of a program is released, you do not necessarily have to start from scratch to get it to compile. You can look at the patch to see what you <span class="emphasis"><em>might</em></span> need to do. All the compiled-in defaults, and all of the changes that were made to get the software to build properly, are easily visible using this technique.
</div><div class="para">
The goal of keeping sources pristine may seem important only for developers, but it results in higher quality software for end users, too.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-using">A.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-using">B.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
RPM has five basic modes of operation
- <a id="id486776" class="indexterm"></a>
- (not counting package building): installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, and verifying. This section contains an overview of each mode. For complete details and options, try <code class="command">rpm --help</code> or <code class="command">man rpm</code>. You can also refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Section A.5, “Additional Resources”</a> for more information on RPM.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-finding">A.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id951044" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485849" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ <a id="id1125670" class="indexterm"></a>
+ (not counting package building): installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, and verifying. This section contains an overview of each mode. For complete details and options, try <code class="command">rpm --help</code> or <code class="command">man rpm</code>. You can also refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Section B.5, “Additional Resources”</a> for more information on RPM.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-finding">B.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id800537" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id542511" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before using any RPM packages, you must know where to find them. An Internet search returns many RPM repositories, but if you are looking for Red Hat RPM packages, they can be found at the following locations:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The Fedora installation media
- <a id="id601676" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id802063" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id822279" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id736363" class="indexterm"></a>
contain many installable RPMs.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The initial RPM repositories provided with the YUM package manager
- <a id="id1009522" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id620584" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id730571" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id800647" class="indexterm"></a>
. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-yum">Chapter 4, <em>Yum</em></a> for details on how to use the official Fedora package repositories.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The active Fedora mirrors contains many installable RPMs: <a href="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/">http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/</a>.
@@ -12817,9 +12967,9 @@ ROOT: / CWD: /root
Unofficial, third-party repositories not affiliated with The Fedora Project also provide RPM packages.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Third-party repositories and package compatibility</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When considering third-party repositories for use with your Fedora system, pay close attention to the repository's web site with regard to package compatibility before adding the repository as a package source. Alternate package repositories may offer different, incompatible versions of the same software, including packages already included in the Fedora repositories.
- </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</h3></div></div></div><a id="id782377" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id491068" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id643880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id635645" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</h3></div></div></div><a id="id915574" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561826" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1155277" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1155289" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
RPM packages typically have file names
- <a id="id594197" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id718788" class="indexterm"></a>
like <code class="filename">tree-1.5.3-2.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>. The file name includes the package name (<code class="filename">tree</code>), version (<code class="filename">1.5.3</code>), release (<code class="filename">2</code>), operating system major version (<code class="filename">fc16</code>) and CPU architecture (<code class="filename">x86_64</code>).
</div><div class="para">
You can use <code class="command">rpm</code>'s <code class="option">-U</code> option to:
@@ -12851,11 +13001,11 @@ d22e77f2</pre><div class="para">
key ID d22e77f2</pre><div class="para">
If you do not have the appropriate key installed to verify the signature, the message contains the word <code class="computeroutput">NOKEY</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">warning: tree-1.5.2.2-4.fc16.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 signature: NOKEY, key ID 57bbccba</pre><div class="para">
- Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section A.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for more information on checking a package's signature.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-errors">A.2.2.1. Package Already Installed</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Section B.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for more information on checking a package's signature.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-errors">B.2.2.1. Package Already Installed</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
If a package of the same name and version is already installed
- <a id="id482960" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id618739" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id699656" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id699668" class="indexterm"></a>
, the following output is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
package tree-1.5.3-2.fc16.x86_64 is already installed</pre><div class="para">
@@ -12864,10 +13014,10 @@ key ID d22e77f2</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-2.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
This option is helpful if files installed from the RPM were deleted or if you want the original configuration files from the RPM to be installed.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files">A.2.2.2. Conflicting Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="id589821" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files">B.2.2.2. Conflicting Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="id614332" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you attempt to install a package that contains a file which has already been installed by another package
- <a id="id485337" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id619249" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1077213" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id945556" class="indexterm"></a>
, the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Preparing... ##################################################
file /usr/bin/foobar from install of foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64 conflicts
@@ -12875,10 +13025,10 @@ with file from package bar-3.1.1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
To make RPM ignore this error, use the <code class="command">--replacefiles</code> option:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacefiles foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">A.2.2.3. Unresolved Dependency</h4></div></div></div><a id="id807608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id807620" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">B.2.2.3. Unresolved Dependency</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1397694" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1397706" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
RPM packages may sometimes depend on other packages
- <a id="id766235" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id766247" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id771041" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id771053" class="indexterm"></a>
, which means that they require other packages to be installed to run properly. If you try to install a package which has an unresolved dependency, output similar to the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">error: Failed dependencies:
bar.so.3()(64bit) is needed by foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
@@ -12897,9 +13047,9 @@ with file from package bar-3.1.1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
If the package that contains <code class="filename">bar.so.3</code> is in the RPM database, the name of the package is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">bar-3.1.1.fc16.i586.rpm</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-install-Warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning: Forcing Package Installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although we can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to install a package that gives us a <code class="computeroutput">Failed dependencies</code> error (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended, and will usually result in the installed package failing to run. Installing or removing packages with <code class="command">rpm --nodeps</code> can cause applications to misbehave and/or crash, and can cause serious package management problems or, possibly, system failure. For these reasons, it is best to heed such warnings; the package manager—whether <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>—shows us these warnings and suggests possible fixes because accounting for dependencies is critical. The <span class="application"><stron
g>Yum</strong></span> package manager can perform dependency resolution and fetch dependencies from online repositories, making it safer, easier and smarter than forcing <code class="command">rpm</code> to carry out actions without regard to resolving dependencies.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes">A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id700984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id505909" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes">B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id957000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id957012" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because RPM performs intelligent upgrading of packages with configuration files
- <a id="id740580" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id706262" class="indexterm"></a>
, you may see one or the other of the following messages:
</div><pre class="screen">saving /etc/foo.conf as /etc/foo.conf.rpmsave</pre><div class="para">
This message means that changes you made to the configuration file may not be <span class="emphasis"><em>forward-compatible</em></span> with the new configuration file in the package, so RPM saved your original file and installed a new one. You should investigate the differences between the two configuration files and resolve them as soon as possible, to ensure that your system continues to function properly.
@@ -12911,7 +13061,7 @@ with file from package bar-3.1.1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
To force RPM to upgrade anyway, use the <code class="command">--oldpackage</code> option:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Uvh --oldpackage foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling">A.2.4. Uninstalling</h3></div></div></div><a id="id637338" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637350" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1011496" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1011512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-uninstalling">B.2.4. Uninstalling</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1424216" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1424228" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1424240" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id957111" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Uninstalling a package is just as simple as installing one. Type the following command at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">rpm -e foo</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>rpm -e and package name errors</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Notice that we used the package <span class="emphasis"><em>name</em></span> <code class="filename">foo</code>, not the name of the original package <span class="emphasis"><em>file</em></span>, <code class="filename">foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64</code>. If you attempt to uninstall a package using the <code class="command">rpm -e</code> command and the original full file name, you will receive a package name error.
@@ -12924,11 +13074,11 @@ error: Failed dependencies:
libgs.so.8()(64bit) is needed by (installed) foomatic-4.0.3-1.fc16.x86_64
libijs-0.35.so()(64bit) is needed by (installed) gutenprint-5.2.4-5.fc16.x86_64
ghostscript is needed by (installed) printer-filters-1.1-4.fc16.noarch</pre><div class="para">
- Similar to how we searched for a shared object library (i.e. a <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code><library_name></code></em>.so.<em class="replaceable"><code><number></code></em> </code> file) in <a class="xref" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Section A.2.2.3, “Unresolved Dependency”</a>, we can search for a 64-bit shared object library using this exact syntax (and making sure to quote the file name):
+ Similar to how we searched for a shared object library (i.e. a <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code><library_name></code></em>.so.<em class="replaceable"><code><number></code></em> </code> file) in <a class="xref" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Section B.2.2.3, “Unresolved Dependency”</a>, we can search for a 64-bit shared object library using this exact syntax (and making sure to quote the file name):
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">rpm -q --whatprovides "libgs.so.8()(64bit)"</code>
ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-Warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning: Forcing Package Installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although we can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to remove a package that gives us a <code class="computeroutput">Failed dependencies</code> error (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended, and may cause harm to other installed applications. Installing or removing packages with <code class="command">rpm --nodeps</code> can cause applications to misbehave and/or crash, and can cause serious package management problems or, possibly, system failure. For these reasons, it is best to heed such warnings; the package manager—whether <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>—shows us these warnings and suggests possible fixes because accounting for dependencies is critical. The <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong><
/span> package manager can perform dependency resolution and fetch dependencies from online repositories, making it safer, easier and smarter than forcing <code class="command">rpm</code> to carry out actions without regard to resolving dependencies.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-freshening"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-freshening">A.2.5. Freshening</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1533378" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1533390" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-freshening"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-freshening">B.2.5. Freshening</h3></div></div></div><a id="id923913" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id923925" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Freshening is similar to upgrading, except that only existent packages are upgraded. Type the following command at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Fvh foo-2.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
@@ -12942,7 +13092,7 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
<code class="command">rpm -Fvh *.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
RPM then automatically upgrades only those packages that are already installed.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-querying">A.2.6. Querying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id501846" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599474" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-querying">B.2.6. Querying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1054178" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1054190" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The RPM database stores information about all RPM packages installed in your system. It is stored in the directory <code class="filename">/var/lib/rpm/</code>, and is used to query what packages are installed, what versions each package is, and to calculate any changes to any files in the package since installation, among other use cases.
</div><div class="para">
To query this database, use the <code class="command">-q</code> option. The <code class="command">rpm -q <em class="replaceable"><code>package name</code></em> </code> command displays the package name, version, and release number of the installed package <em class="replaceable"><code><package_name></code></em>. For example, using <code class="command">rpm -q tree</code> to query installed package <code class="filename">tree</code> might generate the following output:
@@ -12968,7 +13118,7 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
<code class="command">-c</code> displays a list of files marked as configuration files. These are the files you edit after installation to adapt and customize the package to your system (for example, <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code>, <code class="filename">passwd</code>, <code class="filename">inittab</code>, etc.).
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For options that display lists of files, add <code class="command">-v</code> to the command to display the lists in a familiar <code class="command">ls -l</code> format.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-verifying">A.2.7. Verifying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id743558" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id743570" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-verifying">B.2.7. Verifying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1027485" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586583" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Verifying a package compares information about files installed from a package with the same information from the original package. Among other things, verifying compares the file size, MD5 sum, permissions, type, owner, and group of each file.
</div><div class="para">
The command <code class="command">rpm -V</code> verifies a package. You can use any of the <span class="emphasis"><em>Verify Options</em></span> listed for querying to specify the packages you wish to verify. A simple use of verifying is <code class="command">rpm -V tree</code>, which verifies that all the files in the <code class="command">tree</code> package are as they were when they were originally installed. For example:
@@ -13010,7 +13160,7 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
<code class="computeroutput">?</code> — unreadable file (file permission errors, for example)
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
If you see any output, use your best judgment to determine if you should remove the package, reinstall it, or fix the problem in another way.
- </div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-check-rpm-sig">A.3. Checking a Package's Signature</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1025552" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-check-rpm-sig">B.3. Checking a Package's Signature</h2></div></div></div><a id="id917816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you wish to verify that a package has not been corrupted or tampered with, you can examine just the md5sum by entering this command at the shell prompt: (where <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> is the file name of the RPM package):
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -K --nosignature <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> </code>
@@ -13018,13 +13168,13 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
The output <code class="computeroutput"><em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em>: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK</code> (specifically the <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span> part of it) indicates that the file was not corrupted during download. To see a more verbose message, replace <code class="option">-K</code> with <code class="option">-Kvv</code> in the command.
</div><div class="para">
On the other hand, how trustworthy is the developer who created the package? If the package is <em class="firstterm">signed</em> with the developer's GnuPG <em class="firstterm">key</em>, you know that the developer really is who they say they are.
- </div><a id="id603081" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603095" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603108" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id791693" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id791706" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id817618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An RPM package can be signed using <em class="firstterm">Gnu Privacy Guard</em> (or GnuPG), to help you make certain your downloaded package is trustworthy.
</div><div class="para">
GnuPG is a tool for secure communication; it is a complete and free replacement for the encryption technology of PGP, an electronic privacy program. With GnuPG, you can authenticate the validity of documents and encrypt/decrypt data to and from other recipients. GnuPG is capable of decrypting and verifying PGP 5.<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em> files as well.
</div><div class="para">
During installation, GnuPG is installed by default, which enables you to immediately start using it to verify any packages that you download from the Fedora Project. Before doing so, you first need to import the correct Fedora key.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-keys-importing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-importing">A.3.1. Importing Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-keys-importing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-importing">B.3.1. Importing Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora GnuPG keys are located in the <code class="filename">/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/</code> directory. To verify a Fedora Project package, first import the correct key based on your processor architecture:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-<em class="replaceable"><code>x86_64</code></em></code>
@@ -13038,7 +13188,7 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
To display details about a specific key, use <code class="command">rpm -qi</code> followed by the output from the previous command:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-57bbccba-4a6f97af</code>
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-keys-checking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-checking">A.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-keys-checking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-checking">B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To check the GnuPG signature of an RPM file after importing the builder's GnuPG key, use the following command (replace <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> with the file name of the RPM package):
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -K <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> </code>
@@ -13046,17 +13196,17 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
If all goes well, the following message is displayed: <code class="computeroutput">rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK</code>. This means that the signature of the package has been verified, that it is not corrupt, and is therefore safe to install and use.
</div><div class="para">
For more information, including a list of currently-used Fedora Project keys and their fingerprints, refer to <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/en/keys">http://fedoraproject.org/en/keys</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-impressing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-impressing">A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="id943225" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id943237" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-impressing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-impressing">B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="id967282" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id681764" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
RPM is a useful tool for both managing your system and diagnosing and fixing problems. The best way to make sense of all its options is to look at some examples.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Perhaps you have deleted some files by accident, but you are not sure what you deleted. To verify your entire system and see what might be missing, you could try the following command:
- </div><a id="id646202" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646214" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id681796" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id923858" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Va</code>
</pre><div class="para">
If some files are missing or appear to have been corrupted, you should probably either re-install the package or uninstall and then re-install the package.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
At some point, you might see a file that you do not recognize. To find out which package owns it, enter:
- </div><a id="id664997" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id665009" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id923892" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1073230" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qf /usr/bin/ghostscript</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output would look like the following:
@@ -13068,7 +13218,7 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
and the appropriate package is verified.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Do you want to find out more information about a particular program? You can try the following command to locate the documentation which came with the package that owns that program:
- </div><a id="id589768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id589780" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id589792" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id1155201" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1155213" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id933955" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qdf /usr/bin/free</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output would be similar to the following:
@@ -13094,7 +13244,7 @@ ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-W
/usr/share/man/man8/sysctl.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/vmstat.8.gz</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
You may find a new RPM, but you do not know what it does. To find information about it, use the following command:
- </div><a id="id748250" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748262" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id519107" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id519119" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qip crontabs-1.10-31.fc16.noarch.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output would be similar to the following:
@@ -13112,7 +13262,7 @@ are scheduled, it executes them.
Crontabs handles a basic system function, so it should be installed on
your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Perhaps you now want to see what files the <code class="filename">crontabs</code> RPM package installs. You would enter the following:
- </div><a id="id565979" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id985576" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id764891" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id764903" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qlp crontabs-1.10-31.fc16.noarch.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output is similar to the following:
@@ -13124,19 +13274,19 @@ your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
/usr/bin/run-parts
/usr/share/man/man4/crontabs.4.gz</pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
These are just a few examples. As you use RPM, you may find more uses for it.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources">A.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id894251" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-additional-resources">B.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id941988" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
RPM is an extremely complex utility with many options and methods for querying, installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Refer to the following resources to learn more about RPM.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs">A.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs">B.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rpm --help</code> — This command displays a quick reference of RPM parameters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man rpm</code> — The RPM man page gives more detail about RPM parameters than the <code class="command">rpm --help</code> command.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-useful-websites">A.5.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="id1351924" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-useful-websites">B.5.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><a id="id791767" class="indexterm"></a><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The RPM website — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/">http://www.rpm.org/</a>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The RPM mailing list can be subscribed to, and its archives read from, here — <a href="http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list/">https://lists.rpm.org/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list</a>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-related-books">A.5.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id862938" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Maximum RPM</em> — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/">http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-related-books">B.5.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id845688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Maximum RPM</em> — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/">http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">Maximum RPM</em> book, which you can read online, covers everything from general RPM usage to building your own RPMs to programming with rpmlib.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_X_Window_System" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The X Window System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id700352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id895998" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1529886" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590940" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id641973" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_X_Window_System" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The X Window System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id771401" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1128919" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id951993" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id576468" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id708881" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
While the heart of Fedora is the kernel, for many users, the face of the operating system is the graphical environment provided by the <em class="firstterm">X Window System</em>, also called <em class="firstterm">X</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Other windowing environments have existed in the UNIX world, including some that predate the release of the X Window System in June 1984. Nonetheless, X has been the default graphical environment for most UNIX-like operating systems, including Fedora, for many years.
@@ -13144,23 +13294,23 @@ your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The graphical environment for Fedora is supplied by the <em class="firstterm">X.Org Foundation</em>, an open source organization created to manage development and strategy for the X Window System and related technologies. X.Org is a large-scale, rapid-developing project with hundreds of developers around the world. It features a wide degree of support for a variety of hardware devices and architectures, and runs on myriad operating systems and platforms.
</div><div class="para">
The X Window System uses a client-server architecture. Its main purpose is to provide network transparent window system, which runs on a wide range of computing and graphics machines. The <em class="firstterm">X server</em> (the <code class="command">Xorg</code> binary) listens for connections from <em class="firstterm">X client</em> applications via a network or local loopback interface. The server communicates with the hardware, such as the video card, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. X client applications exist in the user space, creating a <em class="firstterm">graphical user interface</em> (<em class="firstterm">GUI</em>) for the user and passing user requests to the X server.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-x-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server">B.1. The X Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id608778" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-x-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server">C.1. The X Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1384954" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 16 uses X server version, which includes several video drivers, EXA, and platform support enhancements over the previous release, among others. In addition, this release includes several automatic configuration features for the X server, as well as the generic input driver, <code class="systemitem">evdev</code>, that supports all input devices that the kernel knows about, including most mice and keyboards.
</div><div class="para">
X11R7.1 was the first release to take specific advantage of the modularization of the X Window System. With it, X is split into logically distinct modules, which make it easier for open source developers to contribute code to the system.
</div><div class="para">
In the current release, all libraries, headers, and binaries live under the <code class="filename">/usr/</code> directory. The <code class="filename">/etc/X11/</code> directory contains configuration files for X client and server applications. This includes configuration files for the X server itself, the X display managers, and many other base components.
</div><div class="para">
- The configuration file for the newer Fontconfig-based font architecture is still <code class="filename">/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</code>. For more information on configuring and adding fonts, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-x-fonts">Section B.4, “Fonts”</a>.
+ The configuration file for the newer Fontconfig-based font architecture is still <code class="filename">/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</code>. For more information on configuring and adding fonts, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-x-fonts">Section C.4, “Fonts”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Because the X server performs advanced tasks on a wide array of hardware, it requires detailed information about the hardware it works on. The X server is able to automatically detect most of the hardware that it runs on and configure itself accordingly. Alternatively, hardware can be manually specified in configuration files.
</div><div class="para">
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux system installer, Anaconda, installs and configures X automatically, unless the X packages are not selected for installation. If there are any changes to the monitor, video card or other devices managed by the X server, most of the time, X detects and reconfigures these changes automatically. In rare cases, X must be reconfigured manually.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-clients">B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</h2></div></div></div><a id="id562546" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-clients">C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</h2></div></div></div><a id="id802916" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Once an X server is running, X client applications can connect to it and create a GUI for the user. A range of GUIs are available with Fedora, from the rudimentary <em class="firstterm">Tab Window Manager</em> (twm) to the highly developed and interactive desktop environment (such as <em class="firstterm">GNOME</em> or <em class="firstterm">KDE</em>) that most Fedora users are familiar with.
</div><div class="para">
To create the latter, more comprehensive GUI, two main classes of X client application must connect to the X server: a <em class="firstterm">window manager</em> and a <em class="firstterm">desktop environment</em>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-desktop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-desktop">B.2.1. Desktop Environments</h3></div></div></div><a id="id872197" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id872214" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id872228" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id872242" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id873768" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id873786" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-desktop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-desktop">C.2.1. Desktop Environments</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1014651" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1405901" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1405914" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1405928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1405941" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1041474" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A desktop environment integrates various X clients to create a common graphical user environment and a development platform.
</div><div class="para">
Desktop environments have advanced features allowing X clients and other running processes to communicate with one another, while also allowing all applications written to work in that environment to perform advanced tasks, such as drag-and-drop operations.
@@ -13172,7 +13322,7 @@ your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>KDE</em></span> — An alternative desktop environment based on the Qt 4 graphical toolkit.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Both GNOME and KDE have advanced-productivity applications, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and Web browsers; both also provide tools to customize the look and feel of the GUI. Additionally, if both the GTK+ 2 and the Qt libraries are present, KDE applications can run in GNOME and vice versa.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers">B.2.2. Window Managers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id504468" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504481" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504499" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id886385" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id886407" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id886429" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610582" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610600" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610617" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id894289" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers">C.2.2. Window Managers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id733572" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id733585" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id733603" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id979866" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id979888" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id979909" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548478" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548495" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548513" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548530" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Window managers</em> are X client programs which are either part of a desktop environment or, in some cases, stand-alone. Their primary purpose is to control the way graphical windows are positioned, resized, or moved. Window managers also control title bars, window focus behavior, and user-specified key and mouse button bindings.
</div><div class="para">
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux repositories provide five different window managers.
@@ -13186,7 +13336,7 @@ your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Motif Window Manager</em> (<code class="command">mwm</code>) is a basic, stand-alone window manager. Since it is designed to be stand-alone, it should not be used in conjunction with GNOME or KDE. To run this window manager, you need to install the <code class="filename">openmotif</code> package.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="command">twm</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The minimalist <em class="firstterm">Tab Window Manager</em> (<code class="command">twm</code>), which provides the most basic tool set among the available window managers, can be used either as a stand-alone or with a desktop environment. To run this window manager, you need to install the <code class="filename">xorg-x11-twm</code> package.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-server-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server-configuration">B.3. X Server Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id508759" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id508780" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-server-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server-configuration">C.3. X Server Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id587344" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id724955" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The X server is a single binary executable <code class="filename">/usr/bin/Xorg</code>; a symbolic link <code class="filename">X</code> pointing to this file is also provided. Associated configuration files are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/</code> and <code class="filename">/usr/share/X11/</code> directories.
</div><div class="para">
The X Window System supports two different configuration schemes. Configuration files in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> directory contain preconfigured settings from vendors and from distribution, and these files should not be edited by hand. Configuration in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file, on the other hand, is done completely by hand but is not necessary in most scenarios.
@@ -13195,8 +13345,8 @@ your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/usr/lib/xorg/modules/</code> (or <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/xorg/modules/</code>) directory contains X server modules that can be loaded dynamically at runtime. By default, only some modules in <code class="filename">/usr/lib/xorg/modules/</code> are automatically loaded by the X server.
</div><div class="para">
- When Fedora 16 is installed, the configuration files for X are created using information gathered about the system hardware during the installation process by the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) configuration back end. Whenever the X server is started, it asks HAL for the list of input devices and adds each of them with their respective driver. Whenever a new input device is plugged in, or an existing input device is removed, HAL notifies the X server about the change. Because of this notification system, devices using the <code class="systemitem">mouse</code>, <code class="systemitem">kbd</code>, or <code class="systemitem">vmmouse</code> driver configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file are, by default, ignored by the X server. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">Section B.3.3.3, “The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section”</a> for further details. Additional configuration is provided in the <code clas
s="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> directory and it can override or augment any configuration that has been obtained through HAL.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">B.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id668543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id668565" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1331308" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ When Fedora 16 is installed, the configuration files for X are created using information gathered about the system hardware during the installation process by the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) configuration back end. Whenever the X server is started, it asks HAL for the list of input devices and adds each of them with their respective driver. Whenever a new input device is plugged in, or an existing input device is removed, HAL notifies the X server about the change. Because of this notification system, devices using the <code class="systemitem">mouse</code>, <code class="systemitem">kbd</code>, or <code class="systemitem">vmmouse</code> driver configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file are, by default, ignored by the X server. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">Section C.3.3.3, “The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section”</a> for further details. Additional configuration is provided in the <code clas
s="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> directory and it can override or augment any configuration that has been obtained through HAL.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">C.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id704647" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704669" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704695" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The format of the X configuration files is comprised of many different sections which address specific aspects of the system hardware. Each section begins with a <code class="option">Section "<em class="replaceable"><code>section-name</code></em>"</code> line, where "<em class="replaceable"><code>section-name</code></em>" is the title for the section, and ends with an <code class="option">EndSection</code> line. Each section contains lines that include option names and one or more option values. Some of these are sometimes enclosed in double quotes (<code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="para">
Some options within the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file accept a boolean switch which turns the feature on or off. The acceptable values are:
@@ -13216,15 +13366,15 @@ Section "InputClass"
Option "XkbLayout" "cz,us"
# Option "XkbVariant" "(null)"
Option "XkbOptions" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp,grp:shifts_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
-EndSection</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">B.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</h3></div></div></div><a id="id640339" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id640360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id640378" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+EndSection</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">C.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</h3></div></div></div><a id="id705829" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1065033" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1065051" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The X server supports two configuration directories. The <code class="filename">/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> provides separate configuration files from vendors or third-party packages; changes to files in this directory may be overwritten by settings specified in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. The <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> directory stores user-specific configuration.
</div><div class="para">
- Files with the suffix <code class="filename">.conf</code> in configuration directories are parsed by the X server upon startup and are treated like part of the traditional <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> configuration file. These files may contain one or more sections; for a description of the options in a section and the general layout of the configuration file, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">Section B.3.3, “The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File”</a> or to the <code class="systemitem">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page. The X server essentially treats the collection of configuration files as one big file with entries from <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> at the end. Users are encouraged to put custom configuration into <code class="filename">/etc/xorg.conf</code> and leave the directory for configuration snippets provided by the distribution.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">B.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id492491" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id492513" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id492530" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Files with the suffix <code class="filename">.conf</code> in configuration directories are parsed by the X server upon startup and are treated like part of the traditional <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> configuration file. These files may contain one or more sections; for a description of the options in a section and the general layout of the configuration file, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">Section C.3.3, “The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File”</a> or to the <code class="systemitem">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page. The X server essentially treats the collection of configuration files as one big file with entries from <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> at the end. Users are encouraged to put custom configuration into <code class="filename">/etc/xorg.conf</code> and leave the directory for configuration snippets provided by the distribution.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">C.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id597682" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id598425" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id598443" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In previous releases of the X Window System, <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file was used to store initial setup for X. When a change occurred with the monitor, video card or other device managed by the X server, the file needed to be edited manually. In Fedora, there is rarely a need to manually create and edit the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. Nevertheless, it is still useful to understand various sections and optional parameters available, especially when troubleshooting or setting up unusual hardware configuration.
</div><div class="para">
In the following, some important sections are described in the order in which they appear in a typical <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. More detailed information about the X server configuration file can be found in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page. This section is mostly intended for advanced users as most configuration options described below are not needed in typical configuration scenarios.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass">B.3.3.1. The <code class="option">InputClass</code> section</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass">C.3.3.1. The <code class="option">InputClass</code> section</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
<code class="option">InputClass</code> is a new type of configuration section that does not apply to a single device but rather to a class of devices, including hot-plugged devices. An <code class="option">InputClass</code> section's scope is limited by the matches specified; in order to apply to an input device, all matches must apply to the device as seen in the example below:
</div><pre class="screen">Section "InputClass"
Identifier "touchpad catchall"
@@ -13248,7 +13398,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">MatchTag "<em class="replaceable"><code>tag_pattern</code></em>"</code> — this option matches if at least one tag assigned by the HAL configuration back end matches the <em class="replaceable"><code>tag_pattern</code></em> pattern.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
A configuration file may have multiple <code class="option">InputClass</code> sections. These sections are optional and are used to configure a class of input devices as they are automatically added. An input device can match more than one <code class="option">InputClass</code> section. When arranging these sections, it is recommended to put generic matches above specific ones because each input class can override settings from a previous one if an overlap occurs.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">B.3.3.2. The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id903746" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">C.3.3.2. The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id730274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section configures one input device for the X server. Previously, systems typically had at least one <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section for the keyboard, and most mouse settings were automatically detected.
</div><div class="para">
With Fedora 16, no <code class="option">InputDevice</code> configuration is needed for most setups, and the <span class="package">xorg-x11-drv-*</span> input driver packages provide the automatic configuration through HAL. The default driver for both keyboards and mice is <code class="literal">evdev</code>.
@@ -13277,8 +13427,8 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Emulate3Buttons</code> — Specifies whether to allow a two-button mouse to act like a three-button mouse when both mouse buttons are pressed simultaneously.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Consult the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page for a complete list of valid options for this section.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">B.3.3.3. The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id612258" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- The optional <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section contains miscellaneous global X server settings. Any settings in this section may be overridden by options placed in the <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section (refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">Section B.3.3.4, “<code class="option">ServerLayout</code>”</a> for details).
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">C.3.3.3. The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1603682" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The optional <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section contains miscellaneous global X server settings. Any settings in this section may be overridden by options placed in the <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section (refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">Section C.3.3.4, “<code class="option">ServerLayout</code>”</a> for details).
</div><div class="para">
Each entry within the <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section occupies a single line and begins with the term <code class="option">Option</code> followed by an option enclosed in double quotation marks (<code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="para">
@@ -13296,8 +13446,8 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
</div></div></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">"DontZoom" "<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>"</code> — When the value of <em class="replaceable"><code><boolean></code></em> is set to <code class="literal">true</code>, this setting prevents cycling through configured video resolutions using the <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Keypad-Plus</strong></span> and <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Keypad-Minus</strong></span> key combinations.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <code class="option">"AutoAddDevices" "<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>"</code> — When the value of <em class="replaceable"><code><boolean></code></em> is set to <code class="literal">false</code>, the server will not hot plug input devices and instead rely solely on devices configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">Section B.3.3.2, “The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section”</a> for more information concerning input devices. This option is enabled by default and HAL (hardware abstraction layer) is used as a back end for device discovery.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">B.3.3.4. <code class="option">ServerLayout</code></h4></div></div></div><a id="id679050" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ <code class="option">"AutoAddDevices" "<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>"</code> — When the value of <em class="replaceable"><code><boolean></code></em> is set to <code class="literal">false</code>, the server will not hot plug input devices and instead rely solely on devices configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">Section C.3.3.2, “The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section”</a> for more information concerning input devices. This option is enabled by default and HAL (hardware abstraction layer) is used as a back end for device discovery.
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">C.3.3.4. <code class="option">ServerLayout</code></h4></div></div></div><a id="id714407" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section binds together the input and output devices controlled by the X server. At a minimum, this section must specify one input device and one output device. By default, a monitor (output device) and a keyboard (input device) are specified.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section:
@@ -13317,7 +13467,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0</pre><div class="para">
The first number in this example <code class="option">Screen</code> entry (<code class="literal">0</code>) indicates that the first monitor connector, or <em class="firstterm">head</em> on the video card, uses the configuration specified in the <code class="option">Screen</code> section with the identifier <code class="option">"Screen0"</code>.
</div><div class="para">
- An example of a <code class="option">Screen</code> section with the identifier <code class="option">"Screen0"</code> can be found in <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">Section B.3.3.8, “The <code class="option">Screen</code> section”</a>.
+ An example of a <code class="option">Screen</code> section with the identifier <code class="option">"Screen0"</code> can be found in <a class="xref" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">Section C.3.3.8, “The <code class="option">Screen</code> section”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
If the video card has more than one head, another <code class="option">Screen</code> entry with a different number and a different <code class="option">Screen</code> section identifier is necessary.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -13332,7 +13482,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
It is possible to put more than one <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. By default, the server only reads the first one it encounters, however. If there is an alternative <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section, it can be specified as a command line argument when starting an X session; as in the <code class="command">Xorg -layout <layoutname></code> command.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">B.3.3.5. The <code class="option">Files</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id711592" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">C.3.3.5. The <code class="option">Files</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id714662" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Files</code> section sets paths for services vital to the X server, such as the font path. This is an optional section, as these paths are normally detected automatically. This section can be used to override automatically detected values.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">Files</code> section:
@@ -13343,7 +13493,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The following entries are commonly used in the <code class="option">Files</code> section:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">ModulePath</code> — An optional parameter which specifies alternate directories which store X server modules.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">B.3.3.6. The <code class="option">Monitor</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1338172" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">C.3.3.6. The <code class="option">Monitor</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id586847" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">Monitor</code> section configures one type of monitor used by the system. This is an optional entry as most monitors are now detected automatically.
</div><div class="para">
This example shows a typical <code class="option">Monitor</code> section for a monitor:
@@ -13372,7 +13522,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Modeline</code> — An optional parameter which specifies additional video modes for the monitor at particular resolutions, with certain horizontal sync and vertical refresh resolutions. Refer to the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page for a more detailed explanation of <code class="option">Modeline</code> entries.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">Option "<em class="replaceable"><code>option-name</code></em>"</code> — An optional entry which specifies extra parameters for the section. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">B.3.3.7. The <code class="option">Device</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1025603" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">C.3.3.7. The <code class="option">Device</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id961677" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">Device</code> section configures one video card on the system. While one <code class="option">Device</code> section is the minimum, additional instances may occur for each video card installed on the machine.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">Device</code> section for a video card:
@@ -13407,7 +13557,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Option "<em class="replaceable"><code>option-name</code></em>"</code> — An optional entry which specifies extra parameters for the section. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
</div><div class="para">
One of the more common options is <code class="literal">"dpms"</code> (for Display Power Management Signaling, a VESA standard), which activates the Service Star energy compliance setting for the monitor.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">B.3.3.8. The <code class="option">Screen</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1332484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">C.3.3.8. The <code class="option">Screen</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id951871" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">Screen</code> section binds one video card (or video card head) to one monitor by referencing the <code class="option">Device</code> section and the <code class="option">Monitor</code> section for each. While one <code class="option">Screen</code> section is the minimum, additional instances may occur for each video card and monitor combination present on the machine.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">Screen</code> section:
@@ -13442,7 +13592,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
This subsection is normally used to override auto-detected modes.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">Option "<em class="replaceable"><code>option-name</code></em>"</code> — An optional entry which specifies extra parameters for the section. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">B.3.3.9. The <code class="option">DRI</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id1101824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">C.3.3.9. The <code class="option">DRI</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id669758" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The optional <code class="option">DRI</code> section specifies parameters for the <em class="firstterm">Direct Rendering Infrastructure</em> (<em class="firstterm">DRI</em>). DRI is an interface which allows 3D software applications to take advantage of 3D hardware acceleration capabilities built into most modern video hardware. In addition, DRI can improve 2D performance via hardware acceleration, if supported by the video card driver.
</div><div class="para">
This section is rarely used, as the DRI Group and Mode are automatically initialized to default values. If a different Group or Mode is needed, then adding this section to the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file will override the default values.
@@ -13453,7 +13603,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Mode 0666
EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Since different video cards use DRI in different ways, do not add to this section without first referring to <a href="http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/">http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-fonts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-fonts">B.4. Fonts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id663469" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id663487" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id663506" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id495091" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-fonts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-fonts">C.4. Fonts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id964479" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id964498" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id964516" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1027395" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora uses <em class="firstterm">Fontconfig</em> subsystem to manage and display fonts under the X Window System. It simplifies font management and provides advanced display features, such as anti-aliasing. This system is used automatically for applications programmed using the <code class="literal">Qt 3</code> or <code class="literal">GTK+ 2</code> graphical toolkits, or their newer versions.
</div><div class="para">
The Fontconfig font subsystem allows applications to directly access fonts on the system and use the <em class="firstterm">X FreeType interface library</em> (<em class="firstterm">Xft</em>) or other rendering mechanisms to render Fontconfig fonts with advanced features such as anti-aliasing. Graphical applications can use the Xft library with Fontconfig to draw text to the screen.
@@ -13461,7 +13611,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Fontconfig uses the <code class="filename">/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</code> configuration file, which should not be edited by hand.
</div></div></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Fonts group</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Any system where the user expects to run remote X applications needs to have the <code class="systemitem">fonts</code> group installed. This can be done by selecting the group in the installer, and also by running the <code class="command">yum groupinstall fonts</code> command after installation.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">B.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</h3></div></div></div><a id="id624565" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">C.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</h3></div></div></div><a id="id600636" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Adding new fonts to the Fontconfig subsystem is a straightforward process:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To add fonts for an individual user, copy the new fonts into the <code class="filename">.fonts/</code> directory in the user's home directory.
@@ -13473,12 +13623,12 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
In this command, replace <em class="replaceable"><code><path-to-font-directory></code></em> with the directory containing the new fonts (either <code class="filename">/usr/share/fonts/local/</code> or <code class="filename">/home/<em class="replaceable"><code><user></code></em>/.fonts/</code>).
</div></li></ol></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Interactive font installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Individual users may also install fonts interactively, by typing <code class="filename">fonts:///</code> into the <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> address bar, and dragging the new font files there.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-runlevels"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-runlevels">B.5. Runlevels and X</h2></div></div></div><a id="id944907" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-runlevels"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-runlevels">C.5. Runlevels and X</h2></div></div></div><a id="id659820" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In most cases, the Fedora installer configures a machine to boot into a graphical login environment, known as <em class="firstterm">runlevel 5</em>. It is possible, however, to boot into a text-only multi-user mode called <em class="firstterm">runlevel 3</em> and begin an X session from there.
</div><div class="para">
The following subsections review how X starts up in both runlevel 3 and runlevel 5.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-3">B.5.1. Runlevel 3</h3></div></div></div><a id="id944954" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581022" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581040" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581063" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581081" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id663310" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- When in runlevel 3, the best way to start an X session is to log in and type <code class="command">startx</code>. The <code class="command">startx</code> command is a front-end to the <code class="command">xinit</code> command, which launches the X server (<code class="filename">Xorg</code>) and connects X client applications to it. Because the user is already logged into the system at runlevel 3, <code class="command">startx</code> does not launch a display manager or authenticate users. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Section B.5.2, “Runlevel 5”</a> for more information about display managers.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-3">C.5.1. Runlevel 3</h3></div></div></div><a id="id659867" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602453" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602471" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602494" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602512" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id718722" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ When in runlevel 3, the best way to start an X session is to log in and type <code class="command">startx</code>. The <code class="command">startx</code> command is a front-end to the <code class="command">xinit</code> command, which launches the X server (<code class="filename">Xorg</code>) and connects X client applications to it. Because the user is already logged into the system at runlevel 3, <code class="command">startx</code> does not launch a display manager or authenticate users. Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Section C.5.2, “Runlevel 5”</a> for more information about display managers.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
When the <code class="command">startx</code> command is executed, it searches for the <code class="filename">.xinitrc</code> file in the user's home directory to define the desktop environment and possibly other X client applications to run. If no <code class="filename">.xinitrc</code> file is present, it uses the system default <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc</code> file instead.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
@@ -13489,7 +13639,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">xinitrc</code> script attempts to execute <code class="filename">.Xclients</code> in the user's home directory and turns to <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xinit/Xclients</code> if it cannot be found. The purpose of the <code class="filename">Xclients</code> file is to start the desktop environment or, possibly, just a basic window manager. The <code class="filename">.Xclients</code> script in the user's home directory starts the user-specified desktop environment in the <code class="filename">.Xclients-default</code> file. If <code class="filename">.Xclients</code> does not exist in the user's home directory, the standard <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xinit/Xclients</code> script attempts to start another desktop environment, trying GNOME first, then KDE, followed by <code class="command">twm</code>.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
When in runlevel 3, the user is returned to a text mode user session after ending an X session.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-5">B.5.2. Runlevel 5</h3></div></div></div><a id="id618045" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618063" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618082" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618100" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741064" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741087" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741109" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id452618" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id452641" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-5">C.5.2. Runlevel 5</h3></div></div></div><a id="id606915" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606934" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606952" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606971" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id674166" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id674188" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id674211" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id813855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id813877" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When the system boots into runlevel 5, a special X client application called a <em class="firstterm">display manager</em> is launched. A user must authenticate using the display manager before any desktop environment or window managers are launched.
</div><div class="para">
Depending on the desktop environments installed on the system, three different display managers are available to handle user authentication.
@@ -13513,9 +13663,9 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The user is returned to the display manager after logging out of X from runlevel 5.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on how display managers control user authentication, refer to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/gdm-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em>/README</code> , where <em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em> is the version number for the <code class="filename">gdm</code> package installed, or the <code class="command">xdm</code> man page.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-additional-resources">B.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id722957" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-x-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-additional-resources">C.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1025419" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There is a large amount of detailed information available about the X server, the clients that connect to it, and the assorted desktop environments and window managers.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-installed-documentation">B.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id664910" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-installed-documentation">C.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1022830" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/X11/doc/</code> — contains detailed documentation on the X Window System architecture, as well as how to get additional information about the Xorg project as a new user.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/gdm-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em>/README</code> — contains information on how display managers control user authentication.
@@ -13523,7 +13673,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">man xorg.conf</code> — Contains information about the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> configuration files, including the meaning and syntax for the different sections within the files.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man Xorg</code> — Describes the <code class="command">Xorg</code> display server.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-useful-websites">B.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id729784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-x-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-useful-websites">C.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id707208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.X.org/">http://www.X.org/</a> — Home page of the X.Org Foundation, which produces major releases of the X Window System bundled with Fedora to control the necessary hardware and provide a GUI environment.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://dri.sourceforge.net/">http://dri.sourceforge.net/</a> — Home page of the DRI (Direct Rendering Infrastructure) project. The DRI is the core hardware 3D acceleration component of X.
@@ -13531,20 +13681,20 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.gnome.org">http://www.gnome.org/</a> — Home of the GNOME project.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.kde.org">http://www.kde.org/</a> — Home of the KDE desktop environment.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The sysconfig Directory</h1></div></div></div><a id="id606127" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1346719" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The sysconfig Directory</h1></div></div></div><a id="id612471" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id744760" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This appendix outlines some of the files and directories found in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory, their function, and their contents. The information in this appendix is not intended to be complete, as many of these files have a variety of options that are only used in very specific or rare circumstances.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The content of the /etc/sysconfig/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The actual content of your <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory depends on the programs you have installed on your machine. To find the name of the package the configuration file belongs to, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">yum provides /etc/sysconfig/<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> </code>
</pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sec-Installing">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-files">C.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id498664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-files">D.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id946996" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following sections offer descriptions of files normally found in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">C.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </h3></div></div></div><a id="id618755" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">D.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1433049" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/arpwatch</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">arpwatch</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">arpwatch</code> daemon. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u arpwatch -e root -s 'root (Arpwatch)'"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig">C.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </h3></div></div></div><a id="id619190" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u arpwatch -e root -s 'root (Arpwatch)'"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig">D.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1123535" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/authconfig</code> file sets the authorization to be used on the host. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">USEMKHOMEDIR=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) creating a home directory for a user on the first login. For example:
@@ -13590,7 +13740,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) using the Hesoid name service. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">USEHESIOD=no</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Configuring_Authentication">Chapter 8, <em>Configuring Authentication</em></a> for more information on this topic.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs">C.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </h3></div></div></div><a id="id628444" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs">D.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </h3></div></div></div><a id="id845037" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/autofs</code> file defines custom options for the automatic mounting of devices. This file controls the operation of the automount daemons, which automatically mount file systems when you use them and unmount them after a period of inactivity. File systems can include network file systems, CD-ROM drives, diskettes, and other media.
</div><div class="para">
By default, it contains the following options:
@@ -13628,19 +13778,19 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) using the autofs miscellaneous device. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">USE_MISC_DEVICE="yes"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the LDAP daemon. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS=""</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-clock"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-clock">C.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1274547" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS=""</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-clock"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-clock">D.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </h3></div></div></div><a id="id553841" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/clock</code> file controls the interpretation of values read from the system hardware clock. It is used by the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool, and should not be edited by hand. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">ZONE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The time zone file under <code class="filename">/usr/share/zoneinfo</code> that <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code> is a copy of. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">ZONE="Europe/Prague"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
- Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Section 2.1, “Date and Time Configuration Tool”</a> for more information on the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool and its usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">C.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id944593" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Section 2.1, “Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool”</a> for more information on the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool and its usage.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">D.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id612074" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">dhcpd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">DHCPDARGS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">dhcpd</code> daemon. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">DHCPDARGS=</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">Chapter 10, <em>DHCP Servers</em></a> for more information on DHCP and its usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall">C.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </h3></div></div></div><a id="id566015" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall">D.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </h3></div></div></div><a id="id486903" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/firstboot</code> file defines whether to run the <code class="command">firstboot</code> utility. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">RUN_FIRSTBOOT=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">YES</code>) or disable (<code class="option">NO</code>) running the <code class="command">firstboot</code> program. For example:
@@ -13649,7 +13799,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>You can run the firstboot program again</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To start the <code class="command">firstboot</code> program the next time the system boots, change the value of <code class="command">RUN_FIRSTBOOT</code> option to <code class="option">YES</code>, and type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable firstboot.service</code>
-</pre></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n">C.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+</pre></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n">D.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/i18n</code> configuration file defines the default language, any supported languages, and the default system font. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">LANG=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The default language. For example:
@@ -13657,7 +13807,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
A colon-separated list of supported languages. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SUPPORTED="en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SYSFONT=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The default system font. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-init"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-init">C.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697909" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-init"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-init">D.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </h3></div></div></div><a id="id593361" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/init</code> file controls how the system appears and functions during the boot process. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">BOOTUP=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The bootup style. The value has to be either <code class="option">color</code> (the standard color boot display), <code class="option">verbose</code> (an old style display which provides more information), or anything else for the new style display, but without ANSI formatting. For example:
@@ -13683,7 +13833,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The list of active consoles. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">ACTIVE_CONSOLES=/dev/tty[1-6]</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SINGLE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The single-user mode type. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> has to be either <code class="option">/sbin/sulogin</code> (a user will be prompted for a password to log in), or <code class="option">/sbin/sushell</code> (the user will be logged in directly). For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SINGLE=/sbin/sushell</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">C.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </h3></div></div></div><a id="id567251" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SINGLE=/sbin/sushell</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">D.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </h3></div></div></div><a id="id945484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config</code> file stores information used by the kernel to set up IPv6 packet filtering at boot time or whenever the <code class="command">ip6tables</code> service is started. Note that you should not modify it unless you are familiar with <code class="command">ip6tables</code> rules. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">IP6TABLES_MODULES=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A space-separated list of helpers to be loaded after the firewall rules are applied. For example:
@@ -13707,7 +13857,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">service ip6tables save</code>
</pre><div class="para">
This will add the rules to <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables</code>. Once this file exists, any firewall rules saved in it persist through a system reboot or a service restart.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd">C.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1325387" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd">D.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1077185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/keyboard</code> file controls the behavior of the keyboard. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">KEYTABLE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The name of a keytable file. The files that can be used as keytables start in the <code class="filename">/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/</code> directory, and branch into different keyboard layouts from there, all labeled <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>.kmap.gz</code>. The first file name that matches the <code class="option">KEYTABLE</code> setting is used. For example:
@@ -13717,7 +13867,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The keyboard layout. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">LAYOUT="us"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">KEYBOARDTYPE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The keyboard type. Allowed values are <code class="option">pc</code> (a PS/2 keyboard), or <code class="option">sun</code> (a Sun keyboard). For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">KEYBOARDTYPE="pc"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap">C.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </h3></div></div></div><a id="id752198" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">KEYBOARDTYPE="pc"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap">D.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </h3></div></div></div><a id="id817690" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ldap</code> file holds the basic configuration for the LDAP server. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SLAPD_OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">slapd</code> daemon. For example:
@@ -13737,7 +13887,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The parameters to be passed to <code class="command">ulimit</code> before the <code class="command">slapd</code> daemon is started. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SLAPD_ULIMIT_SETTINGS=""</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 14.1, “OpenLDAP”</a> for more information on LDAP and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-named"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-named">C.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </h3></div></div></div><a id="id564213" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-named"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-named">D.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </h3></div></div></div><a id="id873966" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/named</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">named</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">ROOTDIR=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The chroot environment under which the <code class="command">named</code> daemon runs. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> has to be a full directory path. For example:
@@ -13751,7 +13901,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The keytab file name. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">KEYTAB_FILE="/etc/named.keytab"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-BIND">Section 11.2, “BIND”</a> for more information on the BIND DNS server and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-network"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-network">C.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1534159" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-network"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-network">D.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </h3></div></div></div><a id="id586535" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code> file is used to specify information about the desired network configuration. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">NETWORKING=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) the networking. For example:
@@ -13761,13 +13911,13 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The IP address of the network's gateway. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">GATEWAY=192.168.1.0</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using custom init scripts</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Do not use custom init scripts to configure network settings. When performing a post-boot network service restart, custom init scripts configuring network settings that are run outside of the network init script lead to unpredictable results.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd">C.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id654954" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd">D.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1070222" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ntpd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">ntpd</code>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
- Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Section 2.2.2, “Configuring the Network Time Protocol”</a> for more information on how to configure the <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga">C.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </h3></div></div></div><a id="id599555" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Refer to <a class="xref" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Section 2.2.3, “Configuring the Network Time Protocol”</a> for more information on how to configure the <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga">D.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </h3></div></div></div><a id="id763158" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/quagga</code> file holds the basic configuration for Quagga daemons. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">QCONFDIR=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The directory with the configuration files for Quagga daemons. For example:
@@ -13789,11 +13939,11 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">watchquagga</code> daemon. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">WATCH_OPTS="-Az -b_ -r/sbin/service_%s_restart -s/sbin/service_%s_start -k/sbin/service_%s_stop"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">WATCH_DAEMONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A space separated list of monitored daemons. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd">C.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id949142" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd">D.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id812302" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/radvd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">radvd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">radvd</code> daemon. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u radvd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-samba">C.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </h3></div></div></div><a id="id649467" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u radvd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-samba">D.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </h3></div></div></div><a id="id659659" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/samba</code> file is used to pass arguments to the Samba daemons at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SMBDOPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">smbd</code>. For example:
@@ -13803,13 +13953,13 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">winbindd</code>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">WINBINDOPTIONS=""</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-Samba">Section 15.1, “Samba”</a> for more information on Samba and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux">C.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </h3></div></div></div><a id="id974453" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux">D.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1170036" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/selinux</code> file contains the basic configuration options for SELinux. It is a symbolic link to <code class="filename">/etc/selinux/config</code>, and by default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SELINUX=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The security policy. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value </code></em> can be either <code class="option">enforcing</code> (the security policy is always enforced), <code class="option">permissive</code> (instead of enforcing the policy, appropriate warnings are displayed), or <code class="option">disabled</code> (no policy is used). For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SELINUX=enforcing</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SELINUXTYPE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The protection type. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> can be either <code class="option">targeted</code> (the targeted processes are protected), or <code class="option">mls</code> (the Multi Level Security protection). For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SELINUXTYPE=targeted</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail">C.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </h3></div></div></div><a id="id629356" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SELINUXTYPE=targeted</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail">D.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1032580" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/sendmail</code> is used to set the default values for the <span class="application"><strong>Sendmail</strong></span> application. By default, it contains the following values:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">DAEMON=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) running <code class="command">sendmail</code> as a daemon. For example:
@@ -13817,13 +13967,13 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The interval at which the messages are to be processed. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">QUEUE=1h</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Section 13.3.2, “Sendmail”</a> for more information on Sendmail and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd">C.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </h3></div></div></div><a id="id885322" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd">D.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1054406" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/spamassassin</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">spamd</code> daemon (a daemonized version of <span class="application"><strong>Spamassassin</strong></span>) at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SPAMDOPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">spamd</code> daemon. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SPAMDOPTIONS="-d -c -m5 -H"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Section 13.4.2.6, “Spam Filters”</a> for more information on Spamassassin and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-squid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-squid">C.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </h3></div></div></div><a id="id481385" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-squid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-squid">D.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </h3></div></div></div><a id="id793809" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/squid</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">squid</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SQUID_OPTS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">squid</code> daemon. For example:
@@ -13831,7 +13981,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The time to wait for <code class="command">squid</code> daemon to shut down. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SQUID_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT=100</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SQUID_CONF=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The default configuration file. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SQUID_CONF="/etc/squid/squid.conf"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu">C.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </h3></div></div></div><a id="id723650" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SQUID_CONF="/etc/squid/squid.conf"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu">D.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </h3></div></div></div><a id="id750929" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/system-config-users</code> file is the configuration file for the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> utility, and should not be edited by hand. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">FILTER=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">true</code>) or disable (<code class="option">false</code>) filtering of system users. For example:
@@ -13843,13 +13993,13 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">true</code>) or disable (<code class="option">false</code>) using the same UID and GID for newly added users when possible. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">PREFER_SAME_UID_GID=true</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-users-configui">Section 3.3, “Using the User Manager Tool”</a> for more information on <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> and its usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers">C.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </h3></div></div></div><a id="id873869" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers">D.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </h3></div></div></div><a id="id706366" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/vncservers</code> file configures the way the <em class="firstterm">Virtual Network Computing</em> (<em class="firstterm">VNC</em>) server starts up. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">VNCSERVERS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A list of space separated <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> </code> pairs. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">VNCSERVERS="2:myusername"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">VNCSERVERARGS[<em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em>]=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional arguments to be passed to the VNC server running on the specified <em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em>. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd">C.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id637415" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd">D.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1430729" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/xinetd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">xinetd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">EXTRAOPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">xinetd</code>. For example:
@@ -13857,16 +14007,16 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The locale information to be passed to every service started by <code class="command">xinetd</code>. Note that to remove locale information from the <code class="command">xinetd</code> environment, you can use an empty string (<code class="option">""</code>) or <code class="option">none</code>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">XINETD_LANG="en_US"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure the <code class="command">xinetd</code> services.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1009329" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id606662" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directories are normally found in <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code>.
- </div><a id="id1009355" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/cbq/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- <a id="id1009399" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><a id="id1405980" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/cbq/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ <a id="id1406024" class="indexterm"></a>
This directory contains the configuration files needed to do <em class="firstterm">Class Based Queuing</em> for bandwidth management on network interfaces. CBQ divides user traffic into a hierarchy of classes based on any combination of IP addresses, protocols, and application types.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/networking/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- <a id="id781792" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1032632" class="indexterm"></a>
This directory is used by the <span class="application"><strong>Network Administration Tool</strong></span> (<code class="command">system-config-network</code>), and its contents should not be edited manually.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- <a id="id581513" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id1032688" class="indexterm"></a>
This directory contains the following network-related configuration files:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Network configuration files for each configured network interface, such as <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code> for the <code class="systemitem">eth0</code> Ethernet interface.
@@ -13878,17 +14028,17 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Various shared network function scripts which should not be edited directly.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For more information on the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory, refer to <a class="xref" href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">Chapter 6, <em>Network Interfaces</em></a>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">C.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id551282" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">D.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id554519" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This chapter is only intended as an introduction to the files in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory. The following source contains more comprehensive information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">C.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id485235" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/sysconfig.txt</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">D.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id554557" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/sysconfig.txt</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A more authoritative listing of the files found in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory and the configuration options available for them.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-proc" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The proc File System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id473028" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id622310" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-proc" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The proc File System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id661745" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id518667" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Linux kernel has two primary functions: to control access to physical devices on the computer and to schedule when and how processes interact with these devices. The <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory (also called the <code class="filename">proc</code> file system) contains a hierarchy of special files which represent the current state of the kernel, allowing applications and users to peer into the kernel's view of the system.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory contains a wealth of information detailing system hardware and any running processes. In addition, some of the files within <code class="filename">/proc/</code> can be manipulated by users and applications to communicate configuration changes to the kernel.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The /proc/ide/ and /proc/pci/ directories</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Later versions of the 2.6 kernel have made the <code class="filename">/proc/ide/</code> and <code class="filename">/proc/pci/</code> directories obsolete. The <code class="command">/proc/ide/</code> file system is now superseded by files in <code class="command">sysfs</code>; to retrieve information on PCI devices, use <code class="command">lspci</code> instead. For more information on <code class="command">sysfs</code> or <code class="command">lspci</code>, refer to their respective <code class="command">man</code> pages.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-virtual"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-virtual">D.1. A Virtual File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id762255" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1540758" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id612055" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-virtual"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-virtual">E.1. A Virtual File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id765602" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id848370" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id785003" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Linux systems store all data as <span class="emphasis"><em>files</em></span>. Most users are familiar with the two primary types of files: text and binary. But the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory contains another type of file called a <em class="firstterm">virtual file</em>. As such, <code class="filename">/proc/</code> is often referred to as a <em class="firstterm">virtual file system</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Virtual files have unique qualities. Most of them are listed as zero bytes in size, but can still contain a large amount of information when viewed. In addition, most of the time and date stamps on virtual files reflect the current time and date, indicative of the fact they are constantly updated.
@@ -13896,7 +14046,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Virtual files such as <code class="filename">/proc/interrupts</code>, <code class="filename">/proc/meminfo</code>, <code class="filename">/proc/mounts</code>, and <code class="filename">/proc/partitions</code> provide an up-to-the-moment glimpse of the system's hardware. Others, like the <code class="filename">/proc/filesystems</code> file and the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory provide system configuration information and interfaces.
</div><div class="para">
For organizational purposes, files containing information on a similar topic are grouped into virtual directories and sub-directories. Process directories contain information about each running process on the system.
- </div><p class="remark"><em><span class="remark"> WAS:: For organizational purposes, files containing information on a similar topic are grouped into virtual directories and sub-directories. For instance, <code class="filename">/proc/ide/</code> contains information for all physical IDE devices. Likewise, process directories contain information about each running process on the system. </span></em></p><div class="section" id="s2-proc-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-viewing">D.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1276837" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1276851" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><p class="remark"><em><span class="remark"> WAS:: For organizational purposes, files containing information on a similar topic are grouped into virtual directories and sub-directories. For instance, <code class="filename">/proc/ide/</code> contains information for all physical IDE devices. Likewise, process directories contain information about each running process on the system. </span></em></p><div class="section" id="s2-proc-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-viewing">E.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id957052" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id957065" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most files within <code class="filename">/proc/</code> files operate similarly to text files, storing useful system and hardware data in human-readable text format. As such, you can use <code class="command">cat</code>, <code class="command">more</code>, or <code class="command">less</code> to view them. For example, to display information about the system's CPU, run <code class="command">cat /proc/cpuinfo</code>. This will return output similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
processor : 0
@@ -13921,7 +14071,7 @@ bogomips : 799.53
Some files in <code class="command">/proc/</code> contain information that is not human-readable. To retrieve information from such files, use tools such as <code class="command">lspci</code>, <code class="command">apm</code>, <code class="command">free</code>, and <code class="command">top</code>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Certain files can only be accessed with root privileges</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Some of the virtual files in the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory are readable only by the root user.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-change"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-change">D.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id967435" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id967448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-change"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-change">E.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id648389" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id648403" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As a general rule, most virtual files within the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory are read-only. However, some can be used to adjust settings in the kernel. This is especially true for files in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory.
</div><div class="para">
To change the value of a virtual file, use the following command:
@@ -13934,14 +14084,14 @@ bogomips : 799.53
</div><div class="para">
Other files act as binary or Boolean switches. Typing <code class="command">cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</code> returns either a <code class="computeroutput">0</code> (off or false) or a <code class="computeroutput">1</code> (on or true). A <code class="computeroutput">0</code> indicates that the kernel is not forwarding network packets. To turn packet forwarding on, run <code class="command">echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</code>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The sysctl command</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Another command used to alter settings in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory is <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl</code>. For more information on this command, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Section D.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>
+ Another command used to alter settings in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory is <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl</code>. For more information on this command, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Section E.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>
</div></div></div><div class="para">
- For a listing of some of the kernel configuration files available in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys">Section D.3.9, “ /proc/sys/ ”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-topfiles"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-topfiles">D.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id878032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ For a listing of some of the kernel configuration files available in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys">Section E.3.9, “ /proc/sys/ ”</a>.
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-topfiles"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-topfiles">E.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id1027105" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Below is a list of some of the more useful virtual files in the top-level of the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The content of your files may differ</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In most cases, the content of the files listed in this section are not the same as those installed on your machine. This is because much of the information is specific to the hardware on which Fedora is running for this documentation effort.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo">D.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id878098" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo">E.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1027171" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file is used primarily for diagnosing memory fragmentation issues. Using the buddy algorithm, each column represents the number of pages of a certain order (a certain size) that are available at any given time. For example, for zone <em class="firstterm">direct memory access</em> (DMA), there are 90 of 2<sup>(0*PAGE_SIZE)</sup> chunks of memory. Similarly, there are 6 of 2<sup>(1*PAGE_SIZE)</sup> chunks, and 2 of 2<sup>(2*PAGE_SIZE)</sup> chunks of memory available.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="computeroutput">DMA</code> row references the first 16 MB on a system, the <code class="computeroutput">HighMem</code> row references all memory greater than 4 GB on a system, and the <code class="computeroutput">Normal</code> row references all memory in between.
@@ -13951,7 +14101,7 @@ bogomips : 799.53
Node 0, zone DMA 90 6 2 1 1 ...
Node 0, zone Normal 1650 310 5 0 0 ...
Node 0, zone HighMem 2 0 0 1 1 ...
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-cmdline">D.2.2. /proc/cmdline </h3></div></div></div><a id="id990118" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-cmdline">E.2.2. /proc/cmdline </h3></div></div></div><a id="id800594" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file shows the parameters passed to the kernel at the time it is started. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/cmdline</code> file looks like the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet 3
@@ -13963,7 +14113,7 @@ ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet 3
Next, <code class="computeroutput">rhgb</code> signals that the <code class="filename">rhgb</code> package has been installed, and graphical booting is supported, assuming <code class="filename">/etc/inittab</code> shows a default runlevel set to <code class="command">id:5:initdefault:</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Finally, <code class="computeroutput">quiet</code> indicates all verbose kernel messages are suppressed at boot time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-cpuinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-cpuinfo">D.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id663091" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-cpuinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-cpuinfo">E.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id693964" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This virtual file identifies the type of processor used by your system. The following is an example of the output typical of <code class="filename">/proc/cpuinfo</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">
processor : 0
@@ -14001,7 +14151,7 @@ bogomips : 4771.02
<code class="computeroutput">siblings</code> — Displays the number of sibling CPUs on the same physical CPU for architectures which use hyper-threading.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">flags</code> — Defines a number of different qualities about the processor, such as the presence of a floating point unit (FPU) and the ability to process MMX instructions.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-crypto"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-crypto">D.2.4. /proc/crypto </h3></div></div></div><a id="id518130" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-crypto"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-crypto">E.2.4. /proc/crypto </h3></div></div></div><a id="id974739" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file lists all installed cryptographic ciphers used by the Linux kernel, including additional details for each. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/crypto</code> file looks like the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
name : sha1
@@ -14014,7 +14164,7 @@ module : md5
type : digest
blocksize : 64
digestsize : 16
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-devices"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-devices">D.2.5. /proc/devices </h3></div></div></div><a id="id869961" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id869986" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id870012" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id870026" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618310" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618327" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-devices"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-devices">E.2.5. /proc/devices </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1311454" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1311479" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1311505" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646829" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646846" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file displays the various character and block devices currently configured (not including devices whose modules are not loaded). Below is a sample output from this file:
</div><pre class="screen">
Character devices:
@@ -14051,21 +14201,21 @@ Block devices:
Character devices send data with no preconfigured size. Block devices can send and receive information in blocks of a size configured per device.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
For more information about devices refer to the following installed documentation:
- </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/devices.txt</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dma"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dma">D.2.6. /proc/dma </h3></div></div></div><a id="id435748" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/devices.txt</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dma"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dma">E.2.6. /proc/dma </h3></div></div></div><a id="id540282" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file contains a list of the registered ISA DMA channels in use. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/dma</code> files looks like the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
4: cascade
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-execdomains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-execdomains">D.2.7. /proc/execdomains </h3></div></div></div><a id="id435791" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id435813" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id787146" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-execdomains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-execdomains">E.2.7. /proc/execdomains </h3></div></div></div><a id="id540326" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id540347" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id914490" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file lists the <em class="firstterm">execution domains</em> currently supported by the Linux kernel, along with the range of personalities they support.
</div><pre class="screen">
0-0 Linux [kernel]
</pre><div class="para">
Think of execution domains as the "personality" for an operating system. Because other binary formats, such as Solaris, UnixWare, and FreeBSD, can be used with Linux, programmers can change the way the operating system treats system calls from these binaries by changing the personality of the task. Except for the <code class="computeroutput">PER_LINUX</code> execution domain, different personalities can be implemented as dynamically loadable modules.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-fb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-fb">D.2.8. /proc/fb </h3></div></div></div><a id="id787191" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id787213" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-fb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-fb">E.2.8. /proc/fb </h3></div></div></div><a id="id914535" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id914557" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file contains a list of frame buffer devices, with the frame buffer device number and the driver that controls it. Typical output of <code class="filename">/proc/fb</code> for systems which contain frame buffer devices looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
0 VESA VGA
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-filesystems">D.2.9. /proc/filesystems </h3></div></div></div><a id="id461232" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-filesystems">E.2.9. /proc/filesystems </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1082676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file displays a list of the file system types currently supported by the kernel. Sample output from a generic <code class="filename">/proc/filesystems</code> file looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
nodev sysfs
@@ -14093,7 +14243,7 @@ nodev autofs
The first column signifies whether the file system is mounted on a block device. Those beginning with <code class="computeroutput">nodev</code> are not mounted on a device. The second column lists the names of the file systems supported.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">mount</code> command cycles through the file systems listed here when one is not specified as an argument.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-interrupts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-interrupts">D.2.10. /proc/interrupts </h3></div></div></div><a id="id461298" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-interrupts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-interrupts">E.2.10. /proc/interrupts </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1082739" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file records the number of interrupts per IRQ on the x86 architecture. A standard <code class="filename">/proc/interrupts</code> looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
CPU0
@@ -14133,7 +14283,7 @@ ERR: 0
<code class="computeroutput">IO-APIC-edge</code> — The voltage signal on this interrupt transitions from low to high, creating an <span class="emphasis"><em>edge</em></span>, where the interrupt occurs and is only signaled once. This kind of interrupt, as well as the <code class="computeroutput">IO-APIC-level</code> interrupt, are only seen on systems with processors from the 586 family and higher.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">IO-APIC-level</code> — Generates interrupts when its voltage signal is high until the signal is low again.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-iomem"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-iomem">D.2.11. /proc/iomem </h3></div></div></div><a id="id629078" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-iomem"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-iomem">E.2.11. /proc/iomem </h3></div></div></div><a id="id995433" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file shows you the current map of the system's memory for each physical device:
</div><pre class="screen">
00000000-0009fbff : System RAM
@@ -14153,7 +14303,7 @@ ea000000-ea00007f : Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21140 [FasterNet]
ea000000-ea00007f : tulip ffff0000-ffffffff : reserved
</pre><div class="para">
The first column displays the memory registers used by each of the different types of memory. The second column lists the kind of memory located within those registers and displays which memory registers are used by the kernel within the system RAM or, if the network interface card has multiple Ethernet ports, the memory registers assigned for each port.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-ioports"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-ioports">D.2.12. /proc/ioports </h3></div></div></div><a id="id635917" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-ioports"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-ioports">E.2.12. /proc/ioports </h3></div></div></div><a id="id827243" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The output of <code class="filename">/proc/ioports</code> provides a list of currently registered port regions used for input or output communication with a device. This file can be quite long. The following is a partial listing:
</div><pre class="screen">
0000-001f : dma1
@@ -14181,15 +14331,15 @@ e800-e87f : Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21140 [FasterNet]
e800-e87f : tulip
</pre><div class="para">
The first column gives the I/O port address range reserved for the device listed in the second column.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-kcore"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-kcore">D.2.13. /proc/kcore </h3></div></div></div><a id="id635973" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-kcore"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-kcore">E.2.13. /proc/kcore </h3></div></div></div><a id="id827298" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file represents the physical memory of the system and is stored in the core file format. Unlike most <code class="filename">/proc/</code> files, <code class="filename">kcore</code> displays a size. This value is given in bytes and is equal to the size of the physical memory (RAM) used plus 4 KB.
</div><div class="para">
The contents of this file are designed to be examined by a debugger, such as <code class="command">gdb</code>, and is not human readable.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not attempt to view the content of /proc/kcore</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Do not view the <code class="filename">/proc/kcore</code> virtual file. The contents of the file scramble text output on the terminal. If this file is accidentally viewed, press <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>C</strong></span> to stop the process and then type <code class="command">reset</code> to bring back the command line prompt.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-kmsg"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-kmsg">D.2.14. /proc/kmsg </h3></div></div></div><a id="id833013" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-kmsg"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-kmsg">E.2.14. /proc/kmsg </h3></div></div></div><a id="id566442" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file is used to hold messages generated by the kernel. These messages are then picked up by other programs, such as <code class="command">/sbin/klogd</code> or <code class="command">/bin/dmesg</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-loadavg"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-loadavg">D.2.15. /proc/loadavg </h3></div></div></div><a id="id500500" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-loadavg"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-loadavg">E.2.15. /proc/loadavg </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1401402" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file provides a look at the load average in regard to both the CPU and IO over time, as well as additional data used by <code class="command">uptime</code> and other commands. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/loadavg</code> file looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
0.20 0.18 0.12 1/80 11206
@@ -14197,7 +14347,7 @@ e800-e87f : tulip
The first three columns measure CPU and IO utilization of the last one, five, and 15 minute periods. The fourth column shows the number of currently running processes and the total number of processes. The last column displays the last process ID used.
</div><div class="para">
In addition, load average also refers to the number of processes ready to run (i.e. in the run queue, waiting for a CPU share.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-locks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-locks">D.2.16. /proc/locks </h3></div></div></div><a id="id500563" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-locks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-locks">E.2.16. /proc/locks </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1401465" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file displays the files currently locked by the kernel. The contents of this file contain internal kernel debugging data and can vary tremendously, depending on the use of the system. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/locks</code> file for a lightly loaded system looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
1: POSIX ADVISORY WRITE 3568 fd:00:2531452 0 EOF
@@ -14211,7 +14361,7 @@ e800-e87f : tulip
Each lock has its own line which starts with a unique number. The second column refers to the class of lock used, with <code class="computeroutput">FLOCK</code> signifying the older-style UNIX file locks from a <code class="command">flock</code> system call and <code class="computeroutput">POSIX</code> representing the newer POSIX locks from the <code class="command">lockf</code> system call.
</div><div class="para">
The third column can have two values: <code class="computeroutput">ADVISORY</code> or <code class="computeroutput">MANDATORY</code>. <code class="computeroutput">ADVISORY</code> means that the lock does not prevent other people from accessing the data; it only prevents other attempts to lock it. <code class="computeroutput">MANDATORY</code> means that no other access to the data is permitted while the lock is held. The fourth column reveals whether the lock is allowing the holder <code class="computeroutput">READ</code> or <code class="computeroutput">WRITE</code> access to the file. The fifth column shows the ID of the process holding the lock. The sixth column shows the ID of the file being locked, in the format of <code class="computeroutput"><em class="replaceable"><code>MAJOR-DEVICE</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>MINOR-DEVICE</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>INODE-NUMBER</code></em> </code>. The seventh and eighth column shows the start and end o
f the file's locked region.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mdstat"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mdstat">D.2.17. /proc/mdstat </h3></div></div></div><a id="id720266" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mdstat"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mdstat">E.2.17. /proc/mdstat </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1073614" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file contains the current information for multiple-disk, RAID configurations. If the system does not contain such a configuration, then <code class="filename">/proc/mdstat</code> looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
Personalities : read_ahead not set unused devices: <none>
@@ -14223,7 +14373,7 @@ Personalities : read_ahead not set unused devices: <none>
Personalities : [linear] [raid1] read_ahead 1024 sectors
md0: active raid1 sda2[1] sdb2[0] 9940 blocks [2/2] [UU] resync=1% finish=12.3min algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
unused devices: <none>
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-meminfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-meminfo">D.2.18. /proc/meminfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id595766" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-meminfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-meminfo">E.2.18. /proc/meminfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id761044" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This is one of the more commonly used files in the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory, as it reports a large amount of valuable information about the systems RAM usage.
</div><div class="para">
The following sample <code class="filename">/proc/meminfo</code> virtual file is from a system with 256 MB of RAM and 512 MB of swap space:
@@ -14301,13 +14451,13 @@ Hugepagesize: 4096 kB
<code class="computeroutput">HugePages_Free</code> — The total number of hugepages available for the system. <span class="emphasis"><em>This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.</em></span>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">Hugepagesize</code> — The size for each hugepages unit in kilobytes. By default, the value is 4096 KB on uniprocessor kernels for 32 bit architectures. For SMP, hugemem kernels, and AMD64, the default is 2048 KB. For Itanium architectures, the default is 262144 KB. <span class="emphasis"><em>This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.</em></span>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-misc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-misc">D.2.19. /proc/misc </h3></div></div></div><a id="id624010" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-misc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-misc">E.2.19. /proc/misc </h3></div></div></div><a id="id762253" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file lists miscellaneous drivers registered on the miscellaneous major device, which is device number 10:
</div><pre class="screen">
63 device-mapper 175 agpgart 135 rtc 134 apm_bios
</pre><div class="para">
The first column is the minor number of each device, while the second column shows the driver in use.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-modules">D.2.20. /proc/modules </h3></div></div></div><a id="id606242" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-modules">E.2.20. /proc/modules </h3></div></div></div><a id="id926276" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file displays a list of all modules loaded into the kernel. Its contents vary based on the configuration and use of your system, but it should be organized in a similar manner to this sample <code class="filename">/proc/modules</code> file output:
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The content of /proc/modules</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
This example has been reformatted into a readable format. Most of this information can also be viewed via the <code class="command">/sbin/lsmod</code> command.
@@ -14338,7 +14488,7 @@ dm_mod 46677 3 - Live 0x12833000
The fifth column lists what load state the module is in: <code class="command">Live</code>, <code class="command">Loading</code>, or <code class="command">Unloading</code> are the only possible values.
</div><div class="para">
The sixth column lists the current kernel memory offset for the loaded module. This information can be useful for debugging purposes, or for profiling tools such as <code class="filename">oprofile</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mounts">D.2.21. /proc/mounts </h3></div></div></div><a id="id669124" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mounts">E.2.21. /proc/mounts </h3></div></div></div><a id="id857758" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file provides a list of all mounts in use by the system:
</div><pre class="screen">
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
@@ -14358,7 +14508,7 @@ sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw 0 0
The output found here is similar to the contents of <code class="filename">/etc/mtab</code>, except that <code class="filename">/proc/mounts</code> is more up-to-date.
</div><div class="para">
The first column specifies the device that is mounted, the second column reveals the mount point, and the third column tells the file system type, and the fourth column tells you if it is mounted read-only (<code class="computeroutput">ro</code>) or read-write (<code class="computeroutput">rw</code>). The fifth and sixth columns are dummy values designed to match the format used in <code class="filename">/etc/mtab</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mtrr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mtrr">D.2.22. /proc/mtrr </h3></div></div></div><a id="id669200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mtrr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mtrr">E.2.22. /proc/mtrr </h3></div></div></div><a id="id857834" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file refers to the current Memory Type Range Registers (MTRRs) in use with the system. If the system architecture supports MTRRs, then the <code class="filename">/proc/mtrr</code> file may look similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 256MB: write-back, count=1
@@ -14367,7 +14517,7 @@ reg01: base=0xe8000000 (3712MB), size= 32MB: write-combining, count=1
MTRRs are used with the Intel P6 family of processors (Pentium II and higher) and control processor access to memory ranges. When using a video card on a PCI or AGP bus, a properly configured <code class="filename">/proc/mtrr</code> file can increase performance more than 150%.
</div><div class="para">
Most of the time, this value is properly configured by default. More information on manually configuring this file can be found locally at the following location:
- </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/<em class="replaceable"><code><arch></code></em>/mtrr.txt</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-partitions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-partitions">D.2.23. /proc/partitions </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1111717" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/<em class="replaceable"><code><arch></code></em>/mtrr.txt</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-partitions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-partitions">E.2.23. /proc/partitions </h3></div></div></div><a id="id844827" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file contains partition block allocation information. A sampling of this file from a basic system looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
major minor #blocks name
@@ -14386,7 +14536,7 @@ major minor #blocks name
<code class="computeroutput">#blocks</code> — Lists the number of physical disk blocks contained in a particular partition.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">name</code> — The name of the partition.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-slabinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-slabinfo">D.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id995152" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id995174" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-slabinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-slabinfo">E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1403328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1403351" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file gives full information about memory usage on the <em class="firstterm">slab</em> level. Linux kernels greater than version 2.2 use <em class="firstterm">slab pools</em> to manage memory above the page level. Commonly used objects have their own slab pools.
</div><div class="para">
Instead of parsing the highly verbose <code class="filename">/proc/slabinfo</code> file manually, the <code class="filename">/usr/bin/slabtop</code> program displays kernel slab cache information in real time. This program allows for custom configurations, including column sorting and screen refreshing.
@@ -14443,7 +14593,7 @@ OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME
<code class="computeroutput">NAME</code> — The name of the slab.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For more information on the <code class="filename">/usr/bin/slabtop</code> program, refer to the <code class="filename">slabtop</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-stat"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-stat">D.2.25. /proc/stat </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1103114" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1350042" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1350056" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-stat"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-stat">E.2.25. /proc/stat </h3></div></div></div><a id="id760183" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560634" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560648" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file keeps track of a variety of different statistics about the system since it was last restarted. The contents of <code class="filename">/proc/stat</code>, which can be quite long, usually begins like the following example:
</div><pre class="screen">
cpu 259246 7001 60190 34250993 137517 772 0
@@ -14482,32 +14632,32 @@ procs_blocked 0
<code class="computeroutput">intr</code> — The number of interrupts the system has experienced.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">btime</code> — The boot time, measured in the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, otherwise known as the <em class="firstterm">epoch</em>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-swaps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-swaps">D.2.26. /proc/swaps </h3></div></div></div><a id="id532654" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-swaps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-swaps">E.2.26. /proc/swaps </h3></div></div></div><a id="id553466" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file measures swap space and its utilization. For a system with only one swap partition, the output of <code class="filename">/proc/swaps</code> may look similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01 partition 524280 0 -1
</pre><div class="para">
While some of this information can be found in other files in the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory, <code class="filename">/proc/swap</code> provides a snapshot of every swap file name, the type of swap space, the total size, and the amount of space in use (in kilobytes). The priority column is useful when multiple swap files are in use. The lower the priority, the more likely the swap file is to be used.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger">D.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </h3></div></div></div><a id="id651510" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- Using the <code class="command">echo</code> command to write to this file, a remote root user can execute most System Request Key commands remotely as if at the local terminal. To <code class="command">echo</code> values to this file, the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq</code> must be set to a value other than <code class="computeroutput">0</code>. For more information about the System Request Key, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel">Section D.3.9.3, “ /proc/sys/kernel/ ”</a>.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger">E.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </h3></div></div></div><a id="id702065" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Using the <code class="command">echo</code> command to write to this file, a remote root user can execute most System Request Key commands remotely as if at the local terminal. To <code class="command">echo</code> values to this file, the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq</code> must be set to a value other than <code class="computeroutput">0</code>. For more information about the System Request Key, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel">Section E.3.9.3, “ /proc/sys/kernel/ ”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Although it is possible to write to this file, it cannot be read, even by the root user.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-uptime"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-uptime">D.2.28. /proc/uptime </h3></div></div></div><a id="id651575" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-uptime"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-uptime">E.2.28. /proc/uptime </h3></div></div></div><a id="id702128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file contains information detailing how long the system has been on since its last restart. The output of <code class="filename">/proc/uptime</code> is quite minimal:
</div><pre class="screen">
350735.47 234388.90
</pre><div class="para">
The first number is the total number of seconds the system has been up. The second number is how much of that time the machine has spent idle, in seconds.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-version"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-version">D.2.29. /proc/version </h3></div></div></div><a id="id671579" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-version"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-version">E.2.29. /proc/version </h3></div></div></div><a id="id699756" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file specifies the version of the Linux kernel, the version of <code class="command">gcc</code> used to compile the kernel, and the time of kernel compilation. It also contains the kernel compiler's user name (in parentheses).
</div><pre class="screen">
Linux version 2.6.8-1.523 (user at foo.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.4.1 20040714 \ (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.4.1-7)) #1 Mon Aug 16 13:27:03 EDT 2004
</pre><div class="para">
This information is used for a variety of purposes, including the version data presented when a user logs in.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-directories">D.3. Directories within /proc/</h2></div></div></div><a id="id671637" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-directories">E.3. Directories within /proc/</h2></div></div></div><a id="id699814" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Common groups of information concerning the kernel are grouped into directories and subdirectories within the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-processdirs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-processdirs">D.3.1. Process Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1331400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-processdirs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-processdirs">E.3.1. Process Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id1089202" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Every <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory contains a number of directories with numerical names. A listing of them may be similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 13 01:28 1
@@ -14610,11 +14760,11 @@ CapPrm: 00000000fffffeff
CapEff: 00000000fffffeff
</pre><div class="para">
The information in this output includes the process name and ID, the state (such as <code class="computeroutput">S (sleeping)</code> or <code class="computeroutput">R (running)</code>), user/group ID running the process, and detailed data regarding memory usage.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-self"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-self">D.3.1.1. /proc/self/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id720023" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-self"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-self">E.3.1.1. /proc/self/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id725977" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/self/</code> directory is a link to the currently running process. This allows a process to look at itself without having to know its process ID.
</div><div class="para">
Within a shell environment, a listing of the <code class="filename">/proc/self/</code> directory produces the same contents as listing the process directory for that process.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-bus"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-bus">D.3.2. /proc/bus/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id720075" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-bus"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-bus">E.3.2. /proc/bus/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id726029" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains information specific to the various buses available on the system. For example, on a standard system containing PCI and USB buses, current data on each of these buses is available within a subdirectory within <code class="filename">/proc/bus/</code> by the same name, such as <code class="filename">/proc/bus/pci/</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The subdirectories and files available within <code class="filename">/proc/bus/</code> vary depending on the devices connected to the system. However, each bus type has at least one directory. Within these bus directories are normally at least one subdirectory with a numerical name, such as <code class="filename">001</code>, which contain binary files.
@@ -14638,7 +14788,7 @@ S: SerialNumber=d400
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=40 MxPwr= 0mA
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub
E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 8 Ivl=255ms
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-pci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-pci">D.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </h3></div></div></div><a id="id655091" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id655121" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-pci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-pci">E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </h3></div></div></div><a id="id608748" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642333" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Later versions of the 2.6 Linux kernel have obsoleted the <code class="filename">/proc/pci</code> directory in favor of the <code class="filename">/proc/bus/pci</code> directory. Although you can get a list of all PCI devices present on the system using the command <code class="command">cat /proc/bus/pci/devices</code>, the output is difficult to read and interpret.
</div><div class="para">
For a human-readable list of PCI devices, run the following command:
@@ -14673,7 +14823,7 @@ E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 8 Ivl=255ms
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em>
</pre><div class="para">
The output is a sorted list of all IRQ numbers and addresses as seen by the cards on the PCI bus instead of as seen by the kernel. Beyond providing the name and version of the device, this list also gives detailed IRQ information so an administrator can quickly look for conflicts.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-driver"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-driver">D.3.4. /proc/driver/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id723356" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-driver"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-driver">E.3.4. /proc/driver/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id642426" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains information for specific drivers in use by the kernel.
</div><div class="para">
A common file found here is <code class="filename">rtc</code> which provides output from the driver for the system's <em class="firstterm">Real Time Clock (RTC)</em>, the device that keeps the time while the system is switched off. Sample output from <code class="filename">/proc/driver/rtc</code> looks like the following:
@@ -14695,9 +14845,9 @@ batt_status : okay
For more information about the RTC, refer to the following installed documentation:
</div><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/rtc.txt</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-fs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-fs">D.3.5. /proc/fs </h3></div></div></div><a id="id1329664" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-fs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-fs">E.3.5. /proc/fs </h3></div></div></div><a id="id690100" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory shows which file systems are exported. If running an NFS server, typing <code class="command">cat /proc/fs/nfsd/exports</code> displays the file systems being shared and the permissions granted for those file systems. For more on file system sharing with NFS, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Network File System (NFS)</em> chapter of the <em class="citetitle">Storage Administration Guide</em>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-irq"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-irq">D.3.6. /proc/irq/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id896644" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-irq"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-irq">E.3.6. /proc/irq/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id726993" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory is used to set IRQ to CPU affinity, which allows the system to connect a particular IRQ to only one CPU. Alternatively, it can exclude a CPU from handling any IRQs.
</div><div class="para">
Each IRQ has its own directory, allowing for the individual configuration of each IRQ. The <code class="filename">/proc/irq/prof_cpu_mask</code> file is a bitmask that contains the default values for the <code class="filename">smp_affinity</code> file in the IRQ directory. The values in <code class="filename">smp_affinity</code> specify which CPUs handle that particular IRQ.
@@ -14705,7 +14855,7 @@ batt_status : okay
For more information about the <code class="filename">/proc/irq/</code> directory, refer to the following installed documentation:
</div><pre class="screen">
/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-net">D.3.7. /proc/net/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id896715" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-net">E.3.7. /proc/net/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id727063" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory provides a comprehensive look at various networking parameters and statistics. Each directory and virtual file within this directory describes aspects of the system's network configuration. Below is a partial list of the <code class="filename">/proc/net/</code> directory:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">arp</code> — Lists the kernel's ARP table. This file is particularly useful for connecting a hardware address to an IP address on a system.
@@ -14749,7 +14899,7 @@ batt_status : okay
<code class="filename">unix</code> — Lists UNIX domain sockets currently in use.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">wireless</code> — Lists wireless interface data.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-scsi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-scsi">D.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id641410" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-scsi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-scsi">E.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id624716" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary file in this directory is <code class="filename">/proc/scsi/scsi</code>, which contains a list of every recognized SCSI device. From this listing, the type of device, as well as the model name, vendor, SCSI channel and ID data is available.
</div><div class="para">
For example, if a system contains a SCSI CD-ROM, a tape drive, a hard drive, and a RAID controller, this file looks similar to the following:
@@ -14836,7 +14986,7 @@ Reads: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Writes: 0 0 0 1 131 0 0 0
</pre><div class="para">
This output reveals the transfer speed to the SCSI devices connected to the controller based on channel ID, as well as detailed statistics concerning the amount and sizes of files read or written by that device. For example, this controller is communicating with the CD-ROM at 20 megabytes per second, while the tape drive is only communicating at 10 megabytes per second.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-sys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-sys">D.3.9. /proc/sys/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id573885" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id634543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id634556" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id634587" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id634605" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id634620" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-sys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-sys">E.3.9. /proc/sys/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id694119" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id594969" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id594983" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595014" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595032" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595047" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory is different from others in <code class="filename">/proc/</code> because it not only provides information about the system but also allows the system administrator to immediately enable and disable kernel features.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Be careful when changing the content of /proc/sys/</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Use caution when changing settings on a production system using the various files in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory. Changing the wrong setting may render the kernel unstable, requiring a system reboot.
@@ -14862,10 +15012,10 @@ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
</div><pre class="screen">
echo 4 2 45 > /proc/sys/kernel/acct
</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Changes made using the echo command are not persistent</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Any configuration changes made using the <code class="command">echo</code> command disappear when the system is restarted. To make configuration changes take effect after the system is rebooted, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Section D.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>.
+ Any configuration changes made using the <code class="command">echo</code> command disappear when the system is restarted. To make configuration changes take effect after the system is rebooted, refer to <a class="xref" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Section E.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory contains several subdirectories controlling different aspects of a running kernel.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-dev"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-dev">D.3.9.1. /proc/sys/dev/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id737541" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-dev"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-dev">E.3.9.1. /proc/sys/dev/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id528551" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory provides parameters for particular devices on the system. Most systems have at least two directories, <code class="filename">cdrom/</code> and <code class="filename">raid/</code>. Customized kernels can have other directories, such as <code class="filename">parport/</code>, which provides the ability to share one parallel port between multiple device drivers.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">cdrom/</code> directory contains a file called <code class="filename">info</code>, which reveals a number of important CD-ROM parameters:
@@ -14897,7 +15047,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
Various files in <code class="filename">/proc/sys/dev/cdrom</code>, such as <code class="filename">autoclose</code> and <code class="filename">checkmedia</code>, can be used to control the system's CD-ROM. Use the <code class="command">echo</code> command to enable or disable these features.
</div><div class="para">
If RAID support is compiled into the kernel, a <code class="filename">/proc/sys/dev/raid/</code> directory becomes available with at least two files in it: <code class="filename">speed_limit_min</code> and <code class="filename">speed_limit_max</code>. These settings determine the acceleration of RAID devices for I/O intensive tasks, such as resyncing the disks.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-fs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-fs">D.3.9.2. /proc/sys/fs/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id967700" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-fs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-fs">E.3.9.2. /proc/sys/fs/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id612261" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains an array of options and information concerning various aspects of the file system, including quota, file handle, inode, and dentry information.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">binfmt_misc/</code> directory is used to provide kernel support for miscellaneous binary formats.
@@ -14915,7 +15065,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
<code class="filename">file-nr</code> — Lists the number of allocated file handles, used file handles, and the maximum number of file handles.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">overflowgid</code> and <code class="filename">overflowuid</code> — Defines the fixed group ID and user ID, respectively, for use with file systems that only support 16-bit group and user IDs.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel">D.3.9.3. /proc/sys/kernel/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id980342" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609174" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609188" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609207" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609225" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel">E.3.9.3. /proc/sys/kernel/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id1424625" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597898" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597912" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597931" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597949" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains a variety of different configuration files that directly affect the operation of the kernel. Some of the most important files include:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">acct</code> — Controls the suspension of process accounting based on the percentage of free space available on the file system containing the log. By default, the file looks like the following:
@@ -15043,7 +15193,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
<code class="filename">threads-max</code> — Sets the maximum number of threads to be used by the kernel, with a default value of <code class="computeroutput">2048</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">version</code> — Displays the date and time the kernel was last compiled. The first field in this file, such as <code class="computeroutput">#3</code>, relates to the number of times a kernel was built from the source base.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-net">D.3.9.4. /proc/sys/net/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id477886" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id477916" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id477931" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id477945" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-net">E.3.9.4. /proc/sys/net/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id786777" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id786807" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id786821" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id786836" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains subdirectories concerning various networking topics. Various configurations at the time of kernel compilation make different directories available here, such as <code class="filename">ethernet/</code>, <code class="filename">ipv4/</code>, <code class="filename">ipx/</code>, and <code class="filename">ipv6/</code>. By altering the files within these directories, system administrators are able to adjust the network configuration on a running system.
</div><div class="para">
Given the wide variety of possible networking options available with Linux, only the most common <code class="filename">/proc/sys/net/</code> directories are discussed.
@@ -15103,7 +15253,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
Additional information about these directories and the possible values for their configuration files can be found in:
</div><pre class="screen">
/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-vm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-vm">D.3.9.5. /proc/sys/vm/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id600428" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600458" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600473" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-vm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-vm">E.3.9.5. /proc/sys/vm/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id757678" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id757708" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id757723" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory facilitates the configuration of the Linux kernel's virtual memory (VM) subsystem. The kernel makes extensive and intelligent use of virtual memory, which is commonly referred to as swap space.
</div><div class="para">
The following files are commonly found in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/vm/</code> directory:
@@ -15159,9 +15309,9 @@ Can write RAM: 0
All kernel-based documentation can be found in the following locally installed location:
</div><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/</code>, which contains additional information.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc">D.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id658296" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc">E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id579067" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains information about System V IPC resources. The files in this directory relate to System V IPC calls for messages (<code class="filename">msg</code>), semaphores (<code class="filename">sem</code>), and shared memory (<code class="filename">shm</code>).
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-tty"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-tty">D.3.11. /proc/tty/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id786575" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-tty"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-tty">E.3.11. /proc/tty/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id579118" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains information about the available and currently used <em class="firstterm">tty devices</em> on the system. Originally called <em class="firstterm">teletype devices</em>, any character-based data terminals are called tty devices.
</div><div class="para">
In Linux, there are three different kinds of tty devices. <em class="firstterm">Serial devices</em> are used with serial connections, such as over a modem or using a serial cable. <em class="firstterm">Virtual terminals</em> create the common console connection, such as the virtual consoles available when pressing <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong><F-key></strong></span> at the system console. <em class="firstterm">Pseudo terminals</em> create a two-way communication that is used by some higher level applications, such as XFree86. The <code class="filename">drivers</code> file is a list of the current tty devices in use, as in the following example:
@@ -15181,7 +15331,7 @@ unknown /dev/vc/%d 4 1-63 console
The <code class="filename">/proc/tty/driver/serial</code> file lists the usage statistics and status of each of the serial tty lines.
</div><div class="para">
In order for tty devices to be used as network devices, the Linux kernel enforces <em class="firstterm">line discipline</em> on the device. This allows the driver to place a specific type of header with every block of data transmitted over the device, making it possible for the remote end of the connection to a block of data as just one in a stream of data blocks. SLIP and PPP are common line disciplines, and each are commonly used to connect systems to one other over a serial link.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-pid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-pid">D.3.12. /proc/<em class="replaceable"><code>PID</code></em>/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id872124" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-pid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-pid">E.3.12. /proc/<em class="replaceable"><code>PID</code></em>/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id737766" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Out of Memory (OOM) refers to a computing state where all available memory, including swap space, has been allocated. When this situation occurs, it will cause the system to panic and stop functioning as expected. There is a switch that controls OOM behavior in <code class="filename">/proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom</code>. When set to <code class="filename">1</code> the kernel will panic on OOM. A setting of <code class="filename">0</code> instructs the kernel to call a function named <code class="filename">oom_killer</code> on an OOM. Usually, <code class="filename">oom_killer</code> can kill rogue processes and the system will survive.
</div><div class="para">
The easiest way to change this is to echo the new value to <code class="filename">/proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom</code>.
@@ -15229,7 +15379,7 @@ unknown /dev/vc/%d 4 1-63 console
The final score is then bitshifted by the value saved in the <code class="filename">oom_adj</code> file.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
Thus, a process with the highest <code class="filename">oom_score</code> value will most probably be a non-priviliged, recently started process that, along with its children, uses a large amount of memory, has been 'niced', and handles no raw I/O.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-sysctl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-sysctl">D.4. Using the sysctl Command</h2></div></div></div><a id="id487875" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id487889" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id487904" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1372095" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1372126" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id1372144" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-sysctl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-sysctl">E.4. Using the sysctl Command</h2></div></div></div><a id="id829286" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id829300" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556689" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556742" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556761" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl</code> command is used to view, set, and automate kernel settings in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
For a quick overview of all settings configurable in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory, type the <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl -a</code> command as root. This creates a large, comprehensive list, a small portion of which looks something like the following:
@@ -15250,9 +15400,9 @@ kernel.sysrq = 1
While quickly setting single values like this in <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> is helpful during testing, this method does not work as well on a production system as special settings within <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> are lost when the machine is rebooted. To preserve custom settings, add them to the <code class="filename">/etc/sysctl.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
Each time the system boots, the <code class="command">init</code> program runs the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit</code> script. This script contains a command to execute <code class="command">sysctl</code> using <code class="filename">/etc/sysctl.conf</code> to determine the values passed to the kernel. Any values added to <code class="filename">/etc/sysctl.conf</code> therefore take effect each time the system boots.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-additional-resources">D.5. References</h2></div></div></div><a id="id849803" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-additional-resources">E.5. References</h2></div></div></div><a id="id780920" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Below are additional sources of information about <code class="filename">proc</code> file system.
- </div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Installed Documentation</h1></div></div></div><a id="id588166" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Installed Documentation</h1></div></div></div><a id="id780955" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some of the best documentation about the <code class="filename">proc</code> file system is installed on the system by default.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt</code> — Contains assorted, but limited, information about all aspects of the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory.
@@ -15262,7 +15412,7 @@ kernel.sysrq = 1
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/sysctl/</code> — A directory containing a variety of <code class="command">sysctl</code> tips, including modifying values that concern the kernel (<code class="filename">kernel.txt</code>), accessing file systems (<code class="filename">fs.txt</code>), and virtual memory use (<code class="filename">vm.txt</code>).
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt</code> — A detailed overview of IP networking options.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Useful Websites</h1></div></div></div><a id="id488770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Useful Websites</h1></div></div></div><a id="id722274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.linuxhq.com/">http://www.linuxhq.com/</a> — This website maintains a complete database of source, patches, and documentation for various versions of the Linux kernel.
</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="app-Revision_History" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Revision History</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
<div class="revhistory"><table border="0" width="100%" summary="Revision history"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><strong>Revision History</strong></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1-0</td><td align="left">Tue Nov 8 2011</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
@@ -15270,4 +15420,4 @@ kernel.sysrq = 1
</td></tr></table></div>
- </div></div><div class="index" id="id508277"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt> .fetchmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt> .procmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuratio
n</a></dt><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/etc/named.conf (see BIND)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ directory (see sysconfig directory)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#id789642">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> /proc/ directory (see proc file system)</dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class=
"indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>Access Control</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="#id741432">Configuring Access Control</a></dt><dt>in SSSD, rules, <a class="indexterm" href="#id622175">The Simple Access Provider</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</
dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-resources-web">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <
a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common h
ttpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apa
che-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>
</dt><dt>Deny, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"
>Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href
="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Co
mmon httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-http
dconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerTokens, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <
a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/
usr/lib64/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-http
dconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class=
"indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_asis, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_cern_meta, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_disk_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_ext_filter, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_proxy_balancer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Direc
tives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypa
ir">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.2</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.0, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks
-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> authconfig (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dd><dl><dt> commands , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">Command Line Version</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authentication</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt> using fingerprint support , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt><dt> using smart card authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool </dt><dd><dl><dt> and Kerberos authentication , <a class="index
term" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and LDAP , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authoritative nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Auto
mated Tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Berkeley Internet Name Domain (see BIND)</dt><dt>BIND</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>common mistakes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-mistakes">Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>acl statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state
">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>controls statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>include statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>key statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>logging statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>options statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>server statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>trusted-keys statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>view statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other State
ment Types</a></dt><dt>zone statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>/var/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/data/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/dynamic/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/slaves/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features</dt><dd><dl><dt>Automatic Zone Transfer (AXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="#
s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-ipv6">Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</a></dt><dt>multiple views, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-views">Multiple Views</a></dt><dt>Transaction SIGnature (TSIG), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-tsig">Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><
dt>authoritative nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>primary (master) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>secondary (slave) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>dig, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-dig">Using the dig Utility</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>named, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameser
ver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>rndc, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-rndc">Using the rndc Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>zones</dt><dd><dl><dt>$INCLUDE directive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$ORIGIN directive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$TTL directive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>A (Address) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>CNAME (Canonical Name) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameser
ver Zones</a></dt><dt>example usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">A Simple Zone File</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</a></dt><dt>MX (Mail Exchange) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>NS (Nameserver) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>PTR (Pointer) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>SOA (Start of Authority) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>bonding (see channel bonding)</dt><dt>boot l
oader</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc </dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>interface</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt></
dl></dd><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding interface (see kernel module)</dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>crash</dt><dd><dl><dt>analyzing the dump</dt><dd><dl><dt>message buffer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-log">Displaying the Message Buffer</a></dt><dt>open files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-files">Displaying Open Files</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-processes">Displaying a Process Status</a></dt><dt>stack trace, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="#s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">Displaying a Backtrace</a></dt><dt>virtual memory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-memory">Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>opening the dump image, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-running">Running the crash Utility</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kdump-crash">Analyzing the Core Dump</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Cron, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">Automating System Tasks</a></dt><dt> cron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="inde
xterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>date, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Configuring the Date and Time</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>Date and Time</dt><dd><dl><dt>system date, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>system time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>time zone settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>deleting cache files</dt><dd><dl><dt>in SSSD, <a class="indext
erm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Denial of Service attack, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/sys/net/ directory)</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments (see X)</dt><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>DHCP, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">DHCP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>command line options, <a class="indexterm" href="#id789642">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>connecting to, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-configuring
-client">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt> dhcpd.leases , <a class="indexterm" href="#id789642">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>dhcpd6.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt>DHCPv6, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="#dhcp-relay-agent">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>global parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>options, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>reasons for using, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-why">Why Use DHCP?</a></dt><dt>Relay Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#dhcp-relay-agent">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#
s1-dhcp-configuring-server">Configuring a DHCP Server</a></dt><dt> shared-network , <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>starting the server, <a class="indexterm" href="#id789642">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>stopping the server, <a class="indexterm" href="#id789642">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>subnet, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.leases, <a class="indexterm" href="#id789642">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="#dhcp-relay-agent">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>dig (see BIND)</dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>display managers (see X)</dt><dt>DNS</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-DNS_Servers">DNS Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also BIND)</dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><
dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DoS attack (see Denial of Service attack)</dt><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">Using the du Command</a></dt><dt>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (see DHCP)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-useful-websi
tes">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>history of, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Mail_Servers">Mail Servers</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-types">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-security
">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mda">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mua">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>epoch, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-stat"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/stat )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-stat"> /proc/stat </
a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet (see network)</dt><dt> exec-shield </dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>execution domains, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-execdomains"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/execdomains )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-execdomains"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Preface-Feedback">Feedback</a></dt></dl>
</dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexter
m" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>virtual (see proc file system)</dt></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing File Systems</a></dt><dt>files, proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>changing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt> findsmb program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>FQDN (see fully qualified domain name)</dt><dt>frame buffer device, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-fb"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(se
e also /proc/fb )</dt></dl></dd><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-protocol">The File Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="i
ndexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>fully qualified domain name, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> gnome-system-log (see Log File Viewer )</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding groups, <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>filtering list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>modify users in groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying group properties, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>system-config-users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configu
ring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>hugepages</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt> ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><
dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>installing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>KDE,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt>kdump</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documents, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>manual pages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-resources-online">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>analyzing the dump (see crash)</dt><dt>configuring the service</dt><dd><dl><dt>default action, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">Changing the Default Action</a></dt><dt>dump image compression, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configurin
g the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>filtering level, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">The Filtering Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>initial RAM disk, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel image, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">The Basic Settings T
ab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>supported targets, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt><dt>target location, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling the service, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">Enabling the Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling the Service</a></dt><dt>known issues</dt><dd><dl><dt>hpsa driver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt><
/dl></dd><dt>running the service, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling the Service</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kdump-configuration">Configuring the kdump Service</a></dt><dt>testing the configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">Testing the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <
a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Kernel Dump Configuration (see kdump)</dt><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using
Channel Bonding</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet module</dt><dd><dl><dt>supporting multiple cards, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Module
s</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt> ins
mod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt
><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration (see Region and Language)</dt><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>language configuration (see Region and Language
)</dt><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> Log File Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Log Viewer )</dt><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-log-files-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt>
<dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt> rsyslogd daemon , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Log Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> logrotate , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel modul
e)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-pci"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)</dt><dt> Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanag
ers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail U
ser Agent)</dt><dt>Multihomed DHCP</dt><dd><dl><dt>host configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">Host Configuration</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multiple domains</dt><dd><dl><dt>specifying in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>named (see BIND)</dt><dt>nameserver (see DNS)</dt><dt> net program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>network</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>commands</dt><d
d><dl><dt> /sbin/ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> /sbin/ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-files">Network Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>functions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">Network Function Files</a></dt><dt>interface configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>interfaces</dt><dd><dl><dt>alias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>channel bonding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt><dt>clone, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-n
etworkscripts-interfaces-alias">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>dialup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">Dialup Interfaces</a></dt><dt>Ethernet, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">Ethernet Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scripts, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">Network Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Network Time Protocol, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>NIC</dt><dd><dl><dt>binding into single channel, <a class="indexter
m" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>NTP (see Network Time Protocol)</dt><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt> opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt> opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>databa
se, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexte
rm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></d
t><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="index
term" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></
dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-ssh-clients">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> scp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt> sftp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt> ssh , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><
dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>DSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA Version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configurat
ion-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OProfile">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="in
dexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">Using opannotate </a></dt><dt> opcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt> --vmlinux= , <a class="indexterm" h
ref="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexter
m" href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">Saving Data</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt> oprof_start , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-gui">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>PackageKi
t, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>architecture, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">PackageKit Architecture</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>managing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>updating packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt
>viewing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Development, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Free, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Hide Subpackages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>No Filter, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Development, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only End User Files, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-
Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Graphical, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Native Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Newest Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit for packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>iFedora installation media, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>installi
ng with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a
></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>managing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="ind
exterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>removing package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>removing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Configuration Fil
e Changes</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-freshening">Freshening</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a
class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking interval, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packag
es with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Software Update, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>viewing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt><dt>Yum instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt> prefdm (see X)</dt><dt>primary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Printer Configu
ration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#id468604">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Sharing_Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt> proc file sy
stem</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/buddyinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-buddyinfo"> /proc/buddyinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-bus"> /proc/bus/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/pci </dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing using lspci , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-pci"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/cmdline , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-cmdline"> /proc/cmdline </a></dt><dt> /proc/cpuinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-cpuinfo"> /proc/cpuinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/crypto , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-crypto"> /proc/crypto </a></dt><dt> /proc/devices </dt><dd><dl><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/dma , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dma"> /proc/dma </a></dt><dt> /proc/driver/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-driver"> /pro
c/driver/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/execdomains , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-execdomains"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dt> /proc/fb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-fb"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dt> /proc/filesystems , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-filesystems"> /proc/filesystems </a></dt><dt> /proc/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-fs"> /proc/fs </a></dt><dt> /proc/interrupts , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-interrupts"> /proc/interrupts </a></dt><dt> /proc/iomem , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-iomem"> /proc/iomem </a></dt><dt> /proc/ioports , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-ioports"> /proc/ioports </a></dt><dt> /proc/irq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-irq"> /proc/irq/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/kcore , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-kcore"> /proc/kcore </a></dt><dt> /proc/kmsg , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-kmsg"> /proc/kmsg </a></dt><dt> /proc/loadavg , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-loadavg"> /pro
c/loadavg </a></dt><dt> /proc/locks , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-locks"> /proc/locks </a></dt><dt> /proc/mdstat , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-mdstat"> /proc/mdstat </a></dt><dt> /proc/meminfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-meminfo"> /proc/meminfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/misc , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-misc"> /proc/misc </a></dt><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-modules"> /proc/modules </a></dt><dt> /proc/mounts , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-mounts"> /proc/mounts </a></dt><dt> /proc/mtrr , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-mtrr"> /proc/mtrr </a></dt><dt> /proc/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-net"> /proc/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/partitions , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-partitions"> /proc/partitions </a></dt><dt> /proc/PID/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-pid"> /proc/PID/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/scsi/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-scsi"> /proc/scsi/ </
a></dt><dt> /proc/self/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-self"> /proc/self/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/slabinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-slabinfo"> /proc/slabinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/stat , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-stat"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dt> /proc/swaps , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-swaps"> /proc/swaps </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also sysctl )</dt><dt> /proc/sys/dev/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-dev"> /proc/sys/dev/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-fs"> /proc/sys/fs/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/exec-shield , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>/pro
c/sys/kernel/sysrq (see system request key)</dt><dt> /proc/sys/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/vm/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/sysrq-trigger , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-sysrq-trigger"> /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></dt><dt> /proc/sysvipc/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sysvipc"> /proc/sysvipc/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/tty/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-tty"> /proc/tty/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/uptime , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-uptime"> /proc/uptime </a></dt><dt> /proc/version , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-version"> /proc/version </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-additional-resources">References</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>changing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>files within, top-level, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-topfiles">Top-level Files within the proc File System</a></dt><dt>introduced, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-proc">The proc File System</a></dt><dt>process directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-processdirs">Process Directories</a></dt><dt>subdirectories within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-directories">Directories within /proc/</a></dt><dt>viewing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="i
ndexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> rcp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Region and Language</dt><dd><dl><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt><dt>language configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">Changing t
he Language</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>removing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record (see BIND)</dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rndc (see BIND)</dt><dt>root nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-using">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>book about, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-
rpm-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Configuration File Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl><
/dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-freshening">Freshening</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Check
ing a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>md5sum, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>upgrading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="#s2-rpm-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> rsyslog , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-abilities">Samba Features</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ldapsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> ldapsam_compat , <a class="index
term" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> mysqlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> xmlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-resources-published">Related Books</a
></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-resources-community">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">Command Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Printing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-cups">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-daemons">Samba Daemons and Related
Services</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-configuring-gui">Graphical Configuration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="#samba-rgs-overview">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-browsing">Domain Browsing</a></
dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> net , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> nmblookup , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> pdbedit , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> rpcclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcacls , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-prog
rams">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> testparm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> wbinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-security-m
odes">Samba Security Modes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-ads-security-mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-security-mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Server Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-server-security-mode">Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-share-level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-user-level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-d
omain-member">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-standalone">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-connect-share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="#s2-samba-mounting">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-domain-member-ads">Active Directory Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">Anonymous Print Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">Anonymous Read-Only</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">Anonymous Read/Write</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#samba-rgs-pdc-ads">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</a></dt><dt>PDC us
ing tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using tdbsam </a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>with Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>secondary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> security plug-in (see Security)</dt><dt>Security-Related Packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>addi
tional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt>
<dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-running">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>slab pools (see /proc/slabinfo )</dt><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline
">Command Line</a></dt><dt> smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="
indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt
>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>SSSD</dt><dd><dl><dt>Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain for, <a class
="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring a proxy domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring an LDAP domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Selecting an LDAP schema for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Setting Up Kerberos authentication for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></dt><dt>Specifying timeout values for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Conf
iguring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> startx , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a> (see X)</dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> stunnel , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt> sysconfig directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/apm-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-authconfig"> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/autofs , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-autofs"> /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/cbq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Direct
ory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/clock , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-clock"> /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-firewall"> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/init , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-init"> /etc/sysconfig/init </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-kybd"> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ldap , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-ldap"> /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/named , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-named"> /etc/sysconfig/named </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-network"> /etc
/sysconfig/network </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">Network Interfaces</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also network)</dt></dl></dd><dt> /etc/sysconfig/networking/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-ntpd"> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/quagga , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-quagga"> /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/radvd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-radvd"> /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/samba , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-samba"> /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/selinux , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-selinux"> /etc/sysconfig/selinu
x </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-sendmail"> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-spamd"> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/squid , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-squid"> /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-rcu"> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-vncservers"> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-xinetd"> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></dt><dt>additional information about, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_sysconfig_Directory">The sysconfig Directory</a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documen
tation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories in, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt>files found in, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-files">Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sysctl </dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring with /etc/sysctl.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>controlling /proc/sys/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>SysRq (see system request key)</dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/ru
n, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>system request key</dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Request Key</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt><dt>setting timing for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> system-config-authentication (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dt>system-config-kdump (see kdump)</dt><dt>system-config-users (see user configuration and group configuration)</dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt> testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="ind
exterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Configuring the Date and Time</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>time zone, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>TLB cache (see hugepages)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>tool</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdi
v"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Accounts (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding users, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">Adding a New User</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>changing full name, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing home directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing
login shell, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing password, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>modify groups for a user, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcin
g expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing users, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">Removing a User</a></dt><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">Using the User Accounts Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Manager (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-groups-additi
onal-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual file system (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual files (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href
="#s2-ftp-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><d
t>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">Files Installe
d with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt> wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>window managers (see X)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>conne
cting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf </dt><dd><dl><dt>boolean values for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> Device , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">The Device section</a></dt><dt> DRI , <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">The DRI section</a></dt><dt> Files section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">The Files section</a></dt><dt> InputDevice section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">The InputDevice section</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt> Monitor , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">The Monitor section</a></dt><dt> Screen , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">The Screen section</a></dt><dt> Section tag, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> ServerFlags section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">The ServerFlags section</a></dt><dt> ServerLayout section, <a class="i
ndexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">ServerLayout</a></dt><dt>structure of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-server-configuration">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">The xorg.conf File</a></d
t><dt>options within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-server-configuration">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">The xorg.conf File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments</dt><dd><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>display managers</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of preferred, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> GNOME , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> KDE , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> prefdm script, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5
</a></dt><dt> xdm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>fonts</dt><dd><dl><dt>Fontconfig, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Fontconfig, adding fonts to, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></dt><dt>FreeType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Xft, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">The X Window System</a></dt><dt>runlevels</dt><dd><dl><dt>3, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>5, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>runlevels and, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-runlevels">Runlevels and X</a></dt><dt>window managers</dt><dd><dl><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Windo
w Managers</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X clients, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">The X Window System</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-clients">Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>desktop environments, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt> startx command, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>window managers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> xinit command, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X server, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">The X Window System</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>featur
es of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-server">The X Server</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>X Window System (see X)</dt><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> xinit (see X)</dt><dt>Xorg (see Xorg)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Y</h3><dl><dt>Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Additional_Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt><dt>disabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Packa
ge_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_P
ackages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>plug-ins</dt><dd><dl><dt>fs-snapshot, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>presto, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>refresh-packagekit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>rhnplugin, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt></dl></
dd><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">Creating a Yum Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [repository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd>
<dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Yum_Variables">Using Yum Variables</a></dt><dt>Yum plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Yum_Plugins">Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Yum Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies,
<a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
+ </div></div><div class="index" id="id703532"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Index</h2></div></div></div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt> .fetchmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt> .procmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuratio
n</a></dt><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/etc/named.conf (see BIND)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ directory (see sysconfig directory)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#id1005177">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> /proc/ directory (see proc file system)</dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class
="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>Access Control</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="#id512514">Configuring Access Control</a></dt><dt>in SSSD, rules, <a class="indexterm" href="#id805164">The Simple Access Provider</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources<
/dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-resources-web">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common
httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ap
ache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a
></dt><dt>Deny, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives
">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">C
ommon httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-htt
pdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerTokens, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-htt
pdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_asis, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_cern_meta, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_disk_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_ext_filter, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_proxy_balancer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Dire
ctives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keyp
air">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.2</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.0, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotask
s-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> authconfig (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dd><dl><dt> commands , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">Command Line Version</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authentication</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt> using fingerprint support , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt><dt> using smart card authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool </dt><dd><dl><dt> and Kerberos authentication , <a class="inde
xterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and LDAP , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authoritative nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Aut
omated Tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-at-batch">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Berkeley Internet Name Domain (see BIND)</dt><dt>BIND</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>common mistakes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-mistakes">Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>acl statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-stat
e">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>controls statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>include statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>key statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>logging statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>options statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>server statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>trusted-keys statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>view statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Stat
ement Types</a></dt><dt>zone statement, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>/var/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/data/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/dynamic/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/slaves/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-zone">Editing Zone Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features</dt><dd><dl><dt>Automatic Zone Transfer (AXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="
#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-ipv6">Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</a></dt><dt>multiple views, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-views">Multiple Views</a></dt><dt>Transaction SIGnature (TSIG), <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-tsig">Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.key, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt><dt>types</dt><dd><dl>
<dt>authoritative nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>primary (master) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>secondary (slave) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>dig, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-dig">Using the dig Utility</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>named, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Namese
rver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>rndc, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-bind-rndc">Using the rndc Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>zones</dt><dd><dl><dt>$INCLUDE directive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$ORIGIN directive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$TTL directive, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>A (Address) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>CNAME (Canonical Name) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-zone-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Namese
rver Zones</a></dt><dt>example usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">A Simple Zone File</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</a></dt><dt>MX (Mail Exchange) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>NS (Nameserver) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>PTR (Pointer) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>SOA (Start of Authority) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>blkid, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">Using the blkid Command</a></dt><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href
="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>bonding (see channel bonding)</dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-boot-loader">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc </dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>interface</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of
, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding interface (see kernel module)</dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>crash</dt><dd><dl><dt>analyzing the dump</dt><dd><dl><dt>message buffer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-log">Displaying the Message Buffer</a></dt><dt>open files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-files">Displaying Open Files</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s
2-kdump-crash-processes">Displaying a Process Status</a></dt><dt>stack trace, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">Displaying a Backtrace</a></dt><dt>virtual memory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-memory">Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>opening the dump image, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-crash-running">Running the crash Utility</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kdump-crash">Analyzing the Core Dump</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Cron, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Automating_System_Tasks">Automating System Tasks</a></dt><dt> cron , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-autotasks-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm"
href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>date, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">Changing the Date</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>Date and Time</dt><dd><dl><dt>system date, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>system time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>time zone settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Ti
me">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>deleting cache files</dt><dd><dl><dt>in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Denial of Service attack, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/sys/net/ directory)</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments (see X)</dt><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>DHCP, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-DHCP_Servers">DHCP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>command line options, <a class="inde
xterm" href="#id1005177">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>connecting to, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-client">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt> dhcpd.leases , <a class="indexterm" href="#id1005177">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>dhcpd6.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt>DHCPv6, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="#dhcp-relay-agent">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>global parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>options, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>reasons for using, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-why">Why Use DHCP?</a></dt><dt>Relay
Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#dhcp-relay-agent">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-dhcp-configuring-server">Configuring a DHCP Server</a></dt><dt> shared-network , <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>starting the server, <a class="indexterm" href="#id1005177">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>stopping the server, <a class="indexterm" href="#id1005177">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>subnet, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.leases, <a class="indexterm" href="#id1005177">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="#dhcp-relay-agent">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>dig (see BIND)</dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>display managers (see X)</dt><dt>DNS</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a
class="indexterm" href="#ch-DNS_Servers">DNS Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also BIND)</dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DoS attack (see Denial of Service attack)</dt><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du">Using the du Command</a></dt><dt>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (see DHCP)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s2-email-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>history of, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Mail_Servers">Mail Servers</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-types">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mda">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-types-mua">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>epoch, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-stat">
/proc/stat </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/stat )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-stat"> /proc/stat </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet (see network)</dt><dt> exec-shield </dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>execution domains, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-execdomains"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/execdomains )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-execdomains"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt
>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Preface-Feedback">Feedback</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-fetchmail">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server optio
ns, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>virtual (see proc file system)</dt></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dt>files, proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>changing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>findmnt, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt">Using the findmnt Command</a></dt><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Lin
e</a></dt><dt> findsmb program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>FQDN (see fully qualified domain name)</dt><dt>frame buffer device, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-fb"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/fb )</dt></dl></dd><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-FTP">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-protocol">The File Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>pas
sive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>fully qualified domain name, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> gnome-system-log (see Log File Viewer )</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the Sy
stem Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>filtering list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-add">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>modify users in groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying group properties, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additio
nal resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>system-config-users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line
Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>hugepages</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt> ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> ifup , <a class="indexte
rm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_Tools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>installing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Remo
ving_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt>kdump</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documents, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>manual pages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-resources-online">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>analyzing the dump (see crash)</dt><dt>configuring the service</dt><dd><dl><dt>default action, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdu
mp-configuration-cli-action">Changing the Default Action</a></dt><dt>dump image compression, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>filtering level, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">The Filtering Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>initial RAM disk, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel image, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-
kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">The Basic Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>supported targets, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt><dt>target location, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling the service, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">Enabling the Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabli
ng the Service</a></dt><dt>known issues</dt><dd><dl><dt>hpsa driver, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>running the service, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling the Service</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kdump-configuration">Configuring the kdump Service</a></dt><dt>testing the configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">Testing the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Pack
ages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-download">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Kernel Dump Configuration (see kdump)</dt><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet module</dt><dd><dl><dt>supporting multip
le cards, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Dire
ctives</a></dt><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-preparing">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configurat
ion (see Region and Language)</dt><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>language configuration (see Region and Language)</dt><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> Log File Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Log Viewer )</dt><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-log-files-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-log-files-
useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-examining">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt> rsyslogd daemon , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Log Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-viewing">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> logrotate , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-logfiles-locating">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command
</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-pci"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)</dt><dt> Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mai
l Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Loading_a_Module">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switchin
g with Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt><dt>Multihomed DHCP</dt><dd><dl><dt>host configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">Host Configuration</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multiple domains</dt><dd><dl><dt>specifying in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>named (see BIND)</dt><dt>nameserver (see DNS)
</dt><dt> net program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>network</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>commands</dt><dd><dl><dt> /sbin/ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> /sbin/ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-control">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-files">Network Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>functions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-functions">Network Function Files</a></dt><dt>interface configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-networkscripts-interfaces">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>interfaces</dt><dd><dl><dt>al
ias, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>channel bonding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt><dt>clone, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>dialup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">Dialup Interfaces</a></dt><dt>Ethernet, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">Ethernet Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scripts, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">Network Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Network Time Protocol, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Pro
tocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>NIC</dt><dd><dl><dt>binding into single channel, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>NTP (see Network Time Protocol)</dt><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt> opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt> opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking s
tatus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt>
<dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>
olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-term
inology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-ssh-clients">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> scp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt> sftp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-sftp">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt> ssh , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indext
erm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>DSA,
<a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA Version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-openssh-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-OProfile">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">Understanding /dev/oprofile/
</a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-starting-separate">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-java-support">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">Using opannotate </a></dt><dt> opcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-configuring">Configur
ing OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt> --vmlinux= , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-events">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-module-output">Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stoppi
ng OProfile</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-saving-data">Saving Data</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-starting">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt> oprof_start , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-oprofile-gui">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-kernel-boot-loader-i
series">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>architecture, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-PackageKit_Architecture">PackageKit Architecture</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>managing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updat
ing_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>updating packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package
_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Development, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Free, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Hide Subpackages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>No Filter, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Available, <a class="
indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Development, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only End User Files, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Graphical, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Native Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Newest Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit for packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">Finding Packages with Filters</a></d
t><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>iFedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linu
x-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt
>managing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>removing package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>removing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dt
>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-freshening">Freshening</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-querying">Querying</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Exa
mples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking interval, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-
Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Software Update, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>viewing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-PackageKit">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt><dt>view
ing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt><dt>Yum instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>partx, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx">Using the partx Command</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2
-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt> prefdm (see X)</dt><dt>primary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Printer Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Printer_Configuration">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-ipp-printer">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Adding_Other_Printer">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_Printer">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-managing">Managing Prin
t Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#id504080">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Sharing_Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt> proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/buddyinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-buddyinfo"> /proc/buddyinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-bus"> /proc/bus/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/pci </dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing using lspci , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-pci"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/cmdline , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-cmdline"> /proc/cmdline </a></dt><dt> /proc/cpuinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-cpuinfo"> /proc/cpuinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/crypto , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-crypto"> /proc/crypto </a></dt><dt> /proc/
devices </dt><dd><dl><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-devices"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/dma , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dma"> /proc/dma </a></dt><dt> /proc/driver/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-driver"> /proc/driver/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/execdomains , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-execdomains"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dt> /proc/fb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-fb"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dt> /proc/filesystems , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-filesystems"> /proc/filesystems </a></dt><dt> /proc/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-fs"> /proc/fs </a></dt><dt> /proc/interrupts , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-interrupts"> /proc/interrupts </a></dt><dt> /proc/iomem , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-iomem"> /proc/iomem </a></dt><dt> /proc/ioports , <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s2-proc-ioports"> /proc/ioports </a></dt><dt> /proc/irq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-irq"> /proc/irq/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/kcore , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-kcore"> /proc/kcore </a></dt><dt> /proc/kmsg , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-kmsg"> /proc/kmsg </a></dt><dt> /proc/loadavg , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-loadavg"> /proc/loadavg </a></dt><dt> /proc/locks , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-locks"> /proc/locks </a></dt><dt> /proc/mdstat , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-mdstat"> /proc/mdstat </a></dt><dt> /proc/meminfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-meminfo"> /proc/meminfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/misc , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-misc"> /proc/misc </a></dt><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-modules"> /proc/modules </a></dt><dt> /proc/mounts , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-mounts"> /proc/mounts </a></dt><dt> /proc/mtrr , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-mtrr"> /proc/mtrr </a></d
t><dt> /proc/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-net"> /proc/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/partitions , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-partitions"> /proc/partitions </a></dt><dt> /proc/PID/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-pid"> /proc/PID/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/scsi/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-scsi"> /proc/scsi/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/self/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-self"> /proc/self/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/slabinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-slabinfo"> /proc/slabinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/stat , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-stat"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dt> /proc/swaps , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-swaps"> /proc/swaps </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also sysctl )</dt><dt> /proc/sys/dev/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s3-proc-sys-dev"> /proc/sys/dev/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-fs"> /proc/sys/fs/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/exec-shield , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq (see system request key)</dt><dt> /proc/sys/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/vm/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/sysrq-trigger , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-sysrq-trigger"> /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></dt><dt> /proc/sysvipc/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sysvipc"> /proc/sysvipc/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/tty/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-tty"> /proc/tty/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/uptime , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-up
time"> /proc/uptime </a></dt><dt> /proc/version , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-version"> /proc/version </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-additional-resources">References</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>changing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>files within, top-level, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-topfiles">Top-level Files within the proc File System</a></dt><dt>introduced, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-proc">The proc File System</a></dt><dt>process directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-processdirs">Process
Directories</a></dt><dt>subdirectories within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-directories">Directories within /proc/</a></dt><dt>viewing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-mda">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</
a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> rcp , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-clients
-scp">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Region and Language</dt><dd><dl><dt>date, time, and numeric format configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats">Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></dt><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt><dt>language configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">Changing the Language</a></dt><dt>system-wide settings, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System">Viewing the Current Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>removing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record (see BIND)</dt><dt>
rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Unloading_a_Module">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rndc (see BIND)</dt><dt>root nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-RPM">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-using">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>book about, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Configuration File Changes</a></d
t><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuration_File_Changes">Configuration File Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies
, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-freshening">Freshening</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>md5sum, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-check-rpm-sig">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-r
pm-querying">Querying</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-rpm-impressing">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-uninstalling">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>upgrading, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-verifying">Verifying</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-rpm-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><
dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> rsyslog , <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-abilities">Samba Features</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ldapsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> ldapsam_compat , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> mysqlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account
Information Databases</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> xmlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-resources-published">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-resources-community">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class
="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">Command Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Printing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-cups">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-daemons">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-configuring-gui">Graphical Configuration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="#samba-rgs-overview">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sa
mba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> net , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> nmblookup , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> pdbedit , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> rpcclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcacls , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool , <a class="indexterm" href
="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> testparm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> wbinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-printing-smb-printer">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-security-modes">Samba Security Modes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-ads-security-mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-security-mode">Dom
ain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Server Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-server-security-mode">Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-share-level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-user-level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-domain-member">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-standalone">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><d
t>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-connect-share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-mounting">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-domain-member-ads">Active
Directory Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">Anonymous Print Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">Anonymous Read-Only</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">Anonymous Read/Write</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#samba-rgs-pdc-ads">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using tdbsam </a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="#s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> s
mbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>with Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>secondary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> security plug-in (see Security)</dt><dt>Security-Related Packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-mta-sendmail">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-email-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-s
endmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-email-switchmail">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="inde
xterm" href="#ch-Services_and_Daemons">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-running">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>slab pools (see /proc/slabinfo )</dt><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt> smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-con
figuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol
Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>SSSD</dt><dd><dl><dt>Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring a proxy domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Conf
iguring_a_Proxy_Domain">Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring an LDAP domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Selecting an LDAP schema for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Setting Up Kerberos authentication for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></dt><dt>Specifying timeout values for, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> startx , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a> (see X)</dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> stunnel , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Emai
l Client Communications</a></dt><dt> sysconfig directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/apm-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-authconfig"> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/autofs , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-autofs"> /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/cbq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/clock , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-clock"> /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot , <a class="indexterm" href=
"#s2-sysconfig-firewall"> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/init , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-init"> /etc/sysconfig/init </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-kybd"> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ldap , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-ldap"> /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/named , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-named"> /etc/sysconfig/named </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-network"> /etc/sysconfig/network </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Network_Interfaces">Network Interfaces</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also n
etwork)</dt></dl></dd><dt> /etc/sysconfig/networking/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-ntpd"> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/quagga , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-quagga"> /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/radvd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-radvd"> /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/samba , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-samba"> /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/selinux , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-selinux"> /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-sendmail"> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-spamd"> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/squid , <a class
="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-squid"> /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-rcu"> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-vncservers"> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-xinetd"> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></dt><dt>additional information about, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_sysconfig_Directory">The sysconfig Directory</a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories in, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt>files found in, <a class="indexter
m" href="#s1-sysconfig-files">Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sysctl </dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring with /etc/sysctl.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>controlling /proc/sys/ , <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-proc-sysctl">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>SysRq (see system request key)</dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-filesystems">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-System_Monitoring_T
ools">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-hardware">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>system request key</dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Request Key</dt><dd><dl><dt>defin
ition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-proc-dir-sys"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt><dt>setting timing for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> system-config-authentication (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dt>system-config-kdump (see kdump)</dt><dt>system-config-users (see user configuration and group configuration)</dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt> testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>time, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">Changing the Date</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>time zone, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">U
sing the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>TLB cache (see hugepages)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>tool</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit<
/dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Accounts (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding users, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">Adding a New User</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>changing full name, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing home directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing login shell, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing password, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>command line conf
iguration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>modify groups for a user, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying users, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-password-aging">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing users, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">Removing a User</a></dt><dt>viewi
ng list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">Using the User Accounts Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-configui">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Manager (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-groups-directories">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-groups-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Man
aging Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-users-tools">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual file system (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual files (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful We
bsites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">Files Installed with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-servers">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt> wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>window managers (see X)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Pas
swords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf </dt><dd><dl><dt>boolean values for, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> Device , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">The Device section</a></dt><dt> DRI , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">The DRI section</a></dt><dt> Files section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">The Files section</a></dt><dt> InputDevice section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">
The InputDevice section</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt> Monitor , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">The Monitor section</a></dt><dt> Screen , <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">The Screen section</a></dt><dt> Section tag, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> ServerFlags section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">The ServerFlags section</a></dt><dt> ServerLayout section, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">ServerLayout</a></dt><dt>structure of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" hr
ef="#s1-x-additional-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-server-configuration">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt>options within, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-server-configuration">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-ser
ver-config-xorg.conf">The xorg.conf File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments</dt><dd><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>display managers</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of preferred, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> GNOME , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> KDE , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> prefdm script, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> xdm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>fonts</dt><dd><dl><dt>Fontconfig, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Fontconfig, adding fonts to, <a class="indexterm" href="#s3-x-fonts-fo
ntconfig-add">Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></dt><dt>FreeType, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Xft, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-fonts">Fonts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">The X Window System</a></dt><dt>runlevels</dt><dd><dl><dt>3, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>5, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-5">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>runlevels and, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-runlevels">Runlevels and X</a></dt><dt>window managers</dt><dd><dl><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmana
gers">Window Managers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X clients, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">The X Window System</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-clients">Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>desktop environments, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt> startx command, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>window managers, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-clients-winmanagers">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> xinit command, <a class="indexterm" href="#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X server, <a class="indexterm" href="#ch-The_X_Window_System">The X Window System</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>features of, <a class="indexterm" href="#s1-x-server">The X Server</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>X Window System (see X)</dt><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> xinit (see X)</dt><dt>Xorg (see Xorg)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexd
iv"><h3>Y</h3><dl><dt>Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Additional_Resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt><dt>disabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Displaying_Package_Information">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling plug-ins, <
a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Installing">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="i
ndexterm" href="#sec-Listing_Packages">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>plug-ins</dt><dd><dl><dt>fs-snapshot, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>presto, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>refresh-packagekit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>rhnplugin, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Plugin_Descriptions">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">Creating a Yum Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with Yum<
/dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [repository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_repository_Options">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Removing">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Using_Yum_Variables">Using Yum Variables</a></dt><dt>Yum plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Yum_
Plugins">Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Yum Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="#sec-Updating_Pa
ckages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div></div></body></html>
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html" title="D.5. References" /><link rel="next" href="ix01.html" title="Index" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html" title="E.5. References" /><link rel="next" href="ix01.html" title="Index" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></
ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="app-Revision_History" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Revision History</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
<div class="revhistory"><table border="0" width="100%" summary="Revision history"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><strong>Revision History</strong></th></tr><tr><td align="left">Revision 1-0</td><td align="left">Tue Nov 8 2011</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>Fedora 16 release of the <em class="citetitle">Deployment Guide</em>.</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table></div>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html" title="23.3.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html" title="A.2. System Requirements" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">Consistent Network Device Naming</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 provides consistent network device naming for network interfaces. This feature changes the name of network interfaces on a system in order to make locating and differentiating the interfaces easier.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ Traditionally, network interfaces in Linux are enumerated as <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>, but these names do not necessarily correspond to actual labels on the chassis. Modern server platforms with multiple network adapters can encounter non-deterministic and counter-intuitive naming of these interfaces. This affects both network adapters embedded on the motherboard (<em class="firstterm">Lan-on-Motherboard</em>, or <em class="firstterm"><acronym class="acronym">LOM</acronym></em>) and add-in (single and multiport) adapters.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ The new naming convention assigns names to network interfaces based on their physical location, whether embedded or in PCI slots. By converting to this naming convention, system administrators will no longer have to guess at the physical location of a network port, or modify each system to rename them into some consistent order.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ This feature, implemented via the <span class="application"><strong>biosdevname</strong></span> program, will change the name of all embedded network interfaces, PCI card network interfaces, and virtual function network interfaces from the existing <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code> to the new naming convention as shown in <a class="xref" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html#tabl-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming">Table A.1, “The new naming convention”</a>.
+ </div><div class="table" id="tabl-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming"><h6>Table A.1. The new naming convention</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The new naming convention" border="1"><colgroup><col width="35%" class="device" /><col width="15%" class="old" /><col width="50%" class="new" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
+ Device
+ </th><th>
+ Old Name
+ </th><th>
+ New Name
+ </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
+ Embedded network interface (LOM)
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">em[1234…]</code><sup>[<a id="id562469" href="#ftn.id562469" class="footnote">a</a>]</sup>
+ </td></tr><tr><td>
+ PCI card network interface
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">p<<em class="replaceable"><code>slot</code></em>>p<<em class="replaceable"><code>ethernet port</code></em>></code><sup>[<a id="id568009" href="#ftn.id568009" class="footnote">b</a>]</sup>
+ </td></tr><tr><td>
+ Virtual function
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">eth[0123…]</code>
+ </td><td>
+ <code class="interfacename">p<<em class="replaceable"><code>slot</code></em>>p<<em class="replaceable"><code>ethernet port</code></em>>_<<em class="replaceable"><code>virtual interface</code></em>></code><sup>[<a id="id636103" href="#ftn.id636103" class="footnote">c</a>]</sup>
+ </td></tr></tbody><tbody class="footnotes"><tr><td colspan="3"><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id562469" href="#id562469" class="para">a</a>] </sup>
+ New enumeration starts at <code class="literal">1</code>.
+ </div></div><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id568009" href="#id568009" class="para">b</a>] </sup>
+ For example: <code class="interfacename">p3p4</code>
+ </div></div><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id636103" href="#id636103" class="para">c</a>] </sup>
+ For example: <code class="interfacename">p3p4_1</code>
+ </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
+ System administrators may continue to write rules in <code class="filename">/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</code> to change the device names to anything desired; those will take precedence over this physical location naming convention.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Affected_Systems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Affected_Systems">A.1. Affected Systems</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Consistent network device naming is enabled by default for all systems that meet the requirements in <a class="xref" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html">Section A.2, “System Requirements”</a>.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ Regardless of the type of system, Fedora guests will not have devices renamed unless the virtual machine BIOS provides the SMBIOS information outlined in <a class="xref" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html">Section A.2, “System Requirements”</a>. Also, upgrades from prior releases that did not use this naming convention (that is, Fedora 14 and older) are unaffected, and the old naming convention will continue to be used.
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html"><strong>Prev</strong>23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.2. System Requirements</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html
index 0c126b0..afa78c1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html" title="17.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="18.2. At and Batch" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1
.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id473114" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html" title="17.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html" title="18.2. At and Batch" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Automating_System_Tasks" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1
.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hre
f="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id632488" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In Linux, tasks, which are also known as <em class="firstterm">jobs</em>, can be configured to run automatically within a specified period of time, on a specified date, or when the system load average is below a specified number. Fedora is pre-configured to run important system tasks to keep the system updated. For example, the slocate database used by the <code class="command">locate</code> command is updated daily. A system administrator can use automated tasks to perform periodic backups, monitor the system, run custom scripts, and more.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora comes with several automated tasks utilities: <code class="command">cron</code>, <code class="command">at</code>, and <code class="command">batch</code>.
- </div><a id="id588204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="id485701" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id576864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id590626" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</h2></div></div></div><a id="id600016" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Both, Cron and Anacron, are daemons that can be used to schedule the execution of recurring tasks according to a combination of the time, day of the month, month, day of the week, and week.
</div><div class="para">
Cron assumes that the system is on continuously. If the system is not on when a job is scheduled, it is not executed. Cron allows jobs to be run as often as every minute. Anacron does not assume the system is always on, remembers every scheduled job, and executes it the next time the system is up. However, Anacron can only run a job once a day. To schedule recurring jobs, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Section 18.1.2, “Configuring Anacron Jobs”</a> or <a class="xref" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Section 18.1.3, “Configuring Cron Jobs”</a>. To schedule one-time jobs, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">Section 18.2, “At and Batch”</a>.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
It is recommended that you start the service at boot time. To do so, use the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable crond.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id652206" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610630" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561604" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id665430" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id657165" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id591531" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637795" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id639738" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main configuration file to schedule jobs is <code class="filename">/etc/anacrontab</code> (only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to modify this file), which contains the following lines:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ START_HOURS_RANGE=16-20
All jobs defined in this <code class="filename">anacrontab</code> file are randomly delayed by 6-30 minutes and can be executed between 16:00 and 20:00. Thus, the first defined job will run anywhere between 16:26 and 16:50 every day. The command specified for this job will execute all present programs in the <code class="filename">/etc/cron.daily</code> directory (using the <code class="command">run-parts</code> script which takes a directory as a command-line argument and sequentially executes every program within that directory). The second specified job will be executed once a week and will execute the <code class="filename">weeklyjob.bash</code> script in the <code class="filename">/etc</code> directory. The third job is executed once a month and runs a command to write the contents of the <code class="filename">/proc</code> to the <code class="filename">/tmp/proc</code> file (e.g. <code class="computeroutput">ls /proc >> /tmp/proc</code>).
</div><div class="section" id="s3-disabling-anacron"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-disabling-anacron">18.1.2.1.1. Disabling Anacron</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
In case your system is continuously on and you do not require anacron to run your scheduled jobs, you may uninstall the <code class="filename">cronie-anacron</code> package. Thus, you will be able to define jobs using crontabs only.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id633892" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id668599" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id488235" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id507540" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id641581" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686494" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id588398" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id588411" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file to configure cron jobs, <code class="filename">/etc/crontab</code> (only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to modify this file), contains the following lines:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_Authentication.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_Authentication.html
index 6154fe3..765d992 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_Authentication.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_Authentication.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html" title="7.3.2. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html" title="8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-services-addition
al-resources-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_Authentication" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. Configuring Authentication</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authe
ntication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services.html">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Confi
guring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id664923" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id664911" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html" title="7.3.2. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html" title="8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-services-addition
al-resources-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_Authentication" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 8. Configuring Authentication</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authe
ntication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services.html">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Confi
guring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id736392" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id736380" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When a user logs in to a Fedora system, the username and password combination must be verified, or <em class="firstterm">authenticated</em>, as a valid and active user. Sometimes the information to verify the user is located on the local system, and other times the system defers the authentication to a user database on a remote system.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration Tool</strong></span> provides a graphical interface for configuring user information retrieval from <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</em> (LDAP), <em class="firstterm"> Network Information Service</em> (NIS), and <em class="firstterm">Winbind</em> user account databases. This tool also allows you to configure Kerberos to be used as the authentication protocol when using LDAP or NIS.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using a high or medium security level</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you configured a medium or high security level during installation (or with the <span class="application"><strong>Security Level Configuration Tool</strong></span>), then the firewall will prevent NIS authentication. For more information about firewalls, refer to the <em class="citetitle">"Firewalls"</em> section of the Fedora <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em>.
- </div></div></div><a id="id664855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id664836" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id736324" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id736306" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the graphical version of the <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration</strong></span> tool from the desktop, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Authentication</strong></span> form the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu or type the command <code class="command">system-config-authentication</code> at a shell prompt (for example, in an <span class="application"><strong>XTerm</strong></span> or a <span class="application"><strong>GNOME</strong></span> terminal).
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Your changes are immediately applied</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
After exiting the authentication program, any changes you made take effect immediately.
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Identity & Authentication</strong></span> tab allows you to configure how users should be authenticated, and has several options for each method of authentication. To select which user account database should be used, select an option from the drop-down list.
</div><div class="figure"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="images/authconfig_LDAP_kerb.png" align="middle" alt="Identity & Authentication; changing the option in the User Account Database drop-down list changes the contents of the tab" /></div></div><h6>Figure 8.1. Identity & Authentication; changing the option in the User Account Database drop-down list changes the contents of the tab</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The following list explains what each option configures:
- </div><h4 id="id664738">LDAP</h4><a id="id664744" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="id736207">LDAP</h4><a id="id736214" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>LDAP</strong></span> option instructs the system to retrieve user information via LDAP. It contains the following specifications:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>LDAP Search Base DN</strong></span> — Specifies that user information should be retrieved using the listed Distinguished Name (DN).
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
For more information about LDAP, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 14.1, “OpenLDAP”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
LDAP provides the following methods of authentication:
- </div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id664507" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id735976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Kerberos password</strong></span> — This option enables Kerberos authentication. It contains the following specifications:
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Realm</strong></span> — Configures the realm for the Kerberos server. The realm is the network that uses Kerberos, composed of one or more KDCs and a potentially large number of clients.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
<span class="guilabel"><strong>LDAP password</strong></span> — This option instructs standard PAM-enabled applications to use LDAP authentication with options specified in the User Account Configuration of LDAP. When using this option, you must provide an <code class="systemitem">ldaps://</code> server address or use TLS for LDAP authentication.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Setting up the SSSD service</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The SSSD service is used as a client for LDAP and Kerberos servers. Thus, offline login is enabled and supported by default. No user interaction is needed to set up the SSSD service with the <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration Tool</strong></span>. For more information about the SSSD service, refer to <a class="xref" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html">Section 8.2, “The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)”</a>
- </div></div></div><h4 id="id664474">NIS</h4><a id="id664464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4 id="id735944">NIS</h4><a id="id735933" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>NIS</strong></span> option configures the system to connect to a NIS server (as an NIS client) for user and password authentication. To configure this option, specify the NIS domain and NIS server. If the NIS server is not specified, the daemon attempts to find it via broadcast.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="package">ypbind</span> package must be installed for this option to work. If the NIS user account database is used, the <code class="systemitem">portmap</code> and <code class="systemitem">ypbind</code> services are started and are also enabled to start at boot time.
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Kerberos password</strong></span> — This option enables Kerberos authentication. For more information about configuration of the Kerberos authentication method, refer to the previous section on LDAP.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id664397" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id735867" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="guilabel"><strong>NIS password</strong></span> — This option enables NIS authentication. NIS can provide authentication information to outside processes to authenticate users.
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id664376">Winbind</h4><a id="id664372" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id735845">Winbind</h4><a id="id735842" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Winbind</strong></span> option configures the system to connect to a Windows Active Directory or a Windows domain controller. User information from the specified directory or domain controller can then be accessed, and server authentication options can be configured. It contains the following specifications:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Winbind Domain</strong></span> — Specifies the Windows Active Directory or domain controller to connect to.
@@ -96,19 +96,19 @@
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Allow offline login</strong></span> — By checking this option, you allow authentication information to be stored in a local cache (provided by SSSD). This information is then used when a user attempts to authenticate while offline.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For more information about the <code class="command">winbindd</code> service, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-daemons">Section 15.1.2, “Samba Daemons and Related Services”</a>.
- </div><a id="id664127" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id735597" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Winbind provides only one method of authentication, <span class="guilabel"><strong>Winbind password</strong></span>. This method of authentication uses the options specified in the User Account Configuration of Winbind to connect to a Windows Active Directory or a Windows domain controller.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
This tab allows you to configure advanced options, as listed below.
- </div><div class="figure"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="images/authconfig_advanced.png" align="middle" width="444" alt="Advanced Options" /></div></div><h6>Figure 8.2. Advanced Options</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><h4 id="id664068">Local Authentication Options</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id664063" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="figure"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject" align="center"><img src="images/authconfig_advanced.png" align="middle" width="444" alt="Advanced Options" /></div></div><h6>Figure 8.2. Advanced Options</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><h4 id="id735538">Local Authentication Options</h4><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><a id="id735532" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable fingerprint reader support</strong></span> — By checking this option, you enable fingerprint authentication to log in by scanning your finger with the fingerprint reader.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable local access control</strong></span> — When enabled, <code class="filename">/etc/security/access.conf</code> is consulted for authorization of a user.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Password Hashing Algorithm</strong></span> — This option lets you specify which hashing or cryptographic algorithm should be used to encrypt locally stored passwords.
- </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id663976">Other Authentication Options</h4><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><h4 id="id735445">Other Authentication Options</h4><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Create home directories on the first login</strong></span> — When enabled, the user's home directory is automatically created when they log in if it does not already exist.
- </div><h4 id="id663994">Smart Card Authentication Options</h4><a id="id663990" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4 id="id735463">Smart Card Authentication Options</h4><a id="id735459" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable smart card support</strong></span> — This option enables smart card authentication. Smart card authentication allows you to log in using a certificate and a key associated with a smart card.
</div><div class="para">
When the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable smart card support</strong></span> option is checked, the following options can be specified:
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
You can restore all of the options specified in the <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration Tool</strong></span> to the previous configuration setup by clicking <span class="guibutton"><strong>Revert</strong></span>.
</div></div></div>
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</h3></div></div></div><a id="id663875" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</h3></div></div></div><a id="id735345" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Authentication Configuration</strong></span> tool also supports a command line interface. The command line version can be used in a configuration script or a kickstart script. The authentication options are summarized in <a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#tb-authconfig-cmd-line">Table 8.1, “Command line options”</a>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Getting the list of supported authentication options</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
These options can also be found in the <code class="command">authconfig</code> man page or by typing <code class="command">authconfig --help</code> at the shell prompt.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32c5e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html" title="1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html" title="2.2. Using the Command Line Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previ
ous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configurat
ion-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html">2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
+ This chapter covers setting the system date and time in Fedora, both manually and using the Network Time Protocol (<abbr class="abbrev">NTP</abbr>), as well as setting the adequate time zone. Two methods are covered: setting the date and time using the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool, and doing so on the command line.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool, which allows you to change the date and time of the system, to configure the time zone used by the system, and to set up the Network Time Protocol daemon to synchronize the system clock with a time server. To start the tool, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> icon, or click the time in the panel and select <span class="guibutton"><strong>Date and Time Settings</strong></span> from the drop-down menu.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/date-and-time-settings.png" alt="The Date and Time configuration tool" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ The Date and Time configuration tool
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 2.1. The Date and Time configuration tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ By default, the tool only allows you to review the current settings. This is because only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to set the system date and time. To unlock the configuration tool for changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the top-right corner of the window, and provide the correct password when prompted.
+ </div><a id="id558589" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560250" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the current time of your system, either configure the system to synchronize it over the network by clicking the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Time</strong></span> switch, or set it manually by clicking the up and down arrows above and below the numbers. You can also select <span class="guilabel"><strong>24-hour</strong></span> or <span class="guilabel"><strong>AM/PM</strong></span> to enable or disable the 24-hour time format.
+ </div><a id="id596765" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596778" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the time zone, either click on the map, or select the region and city from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Region</strong></span> and <span class="guilabel"><strong>City</strong></span> drop-down lists.
+ </div><a id="id599637" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599650" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the current date of your system, select a month from the drop-down list below the time, and use the up and down arrows to choose the day and year.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ The changes take effect immediately.
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html"><strong>Prev</strong>1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong>2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
+
+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
+
+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html" title="1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey
="p" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Languag
e_and_Keyboard-System.html">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> configuration tool, which allows you to configure keyboard layouts, the language of your desktop environment, and other regional settings. To start the tool, open the <span class="application"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> window by selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span>.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</h2></div></div></div><a id="id569135" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647247" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To configure the language of your desktop, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a short list of common languages.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-language.png" alt="Changing the language" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Changing the language
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.1. Changing the language</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ By default, this list only contains a few of the available languages. To add another language, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to select the desired language. The input field at the bottom part of the dialog window allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by first few letters part of the language name in it (for example, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for the Slovak language). Once you select a language, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Select</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-language-add.png" alt="Adding another language" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Adding a language
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.2. Adding another language</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ To choose a particular language from the list, click its name to select it. The changes will take effect the next time you log in to the system.
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Part I. Basic System Configuration</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html"><strong>Next</strong>1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DHCP_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DHCP_Servers.html
index d73992d..ba6cf64 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DHCP_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DHCP_Servers.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html" title="10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp-configuri
ng-server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DHCP_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. DHCP Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="lease-database.html">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02s03.html">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">10.3. Configuring
a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id591688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515302" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html" title="10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp-configuri
ng-server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DHCP_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 10. DHCP Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="lease-database.html">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02s03.html">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">10.3. Configuring
a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id587942" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702022" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (<acronym class="acronym">DHCP</acronym>) is a network protocol that automatically assigns TCP/IP information to client machines. Each DHCP client connects to the centrally located DHCP server, which returns that client's network configuration (including the IP address, gateway, and DNS servers).
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</h2></div></div></div><a id="id575658" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</h2></div></div></div><a id="id579175" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
DHCP is useful for automatic configuration of client network interfaces. When configuring the client system, the administrator chooses DHCP instead of specifying an IP address, netmask, gateway, or DNS servers. The client retrieves this information from the DHCP server. DHCP is also useful if an administrator wants to change the IP addresses of a large number of systems. Instead of reconfiguring all the systems, he can just edit one DHCP configuration file on the server for the new set of IP addresses. If the DNS servers for an organization changes, the changes are made on the DHCP server, not on the DHCP clients. When the administrator restarts the network or reboots the clients, the changes will go into effect.
</div><div class="para">
If an organization has a functional DHCP server properly connected to a network, laptops and other mobile computer users can move these devices from office to office.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DNS_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DNS_Servers.html
index d8722d6..d40febc 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-DNS_Servers.html
@@ -7,32 +7,32 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html" title="10.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-BIND.html"><
strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNS_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. DNS Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-zone.
html">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-rndc.html">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-dig.html">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-features.html">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id677878" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677924" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html" title="10.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-BIND.html"><
strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-DNS_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 11. DNS Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-zone.
html">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-rndc.html">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-dig.html">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-features.html">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id749357" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749402" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">DNS</code> (Domain Name System), also known as a <em class="firstterm">nameserver</em>, is a network system that associates hostnames with their respective IP addresses. For users, this has the advantage that they can refer to machines on the network by names that are usually easier to remember than the numerical network addresses. For system administrators, using the nameserver allows them to change the IP address for a host without ever affecting the name-based queries, or to decide which machines handle these queries.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</h2></div></div></div><a id="id677895" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</h2></div></div></div><a id="id749374" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
DNS is usually implemented using one or more centralized servers that are authoritative for certain domains. When a client host requests information from a nameserver, it usually connects to port 53. The nameserver then attempts to resolve the name requested. If it does not have an authoritative answer, or does not already have the answer cached from an earlier query, it queries other nameservers, called <em class="firstterm">root nameservers</em>, to determine which nameservers are authoritative for the name in question, and then queries them to get the requested name.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</h3></div></div></div><a id="id677873" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677860" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677849" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677843" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</h3></div></div></div><a id="id749351" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749338" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749321" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In a DNS server such as BIND, all information is stored in basic data elements called <em class="firstterm">resource records</em> (RR). The resource record is usually a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (FQDN) of a host, and is broken down into multiple sections organized into a tree-like hierarchy. This hierarchy consists of a main trunk, primary branches, secondary branches, and so on. The following is an example of a resource record:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">bob.sales.example.com</pre><a id="id677817" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">bob.sales.example.com</pre><a id="id749295" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each level of the hierarchy is divided by a period (that is, <code class="literal">.</code>). In the example above, <code class="literal">com</code> defines the <em class="firstterm">top-level domain</em>, <code class="literal">example</code> its subdomain, and <code class="literal">sales</code> the subdomain of <code class="literal">example</code>. In this case, <code class="literal">bob</code> identifies a resource record that is part of the <code class="systemitem">sales.example.com</code> domain. With the exception of the part furthest to the left (that is, <code class="literal">bob</code>), each of these sections is called a <em class="firstterm">zone</em> and defines a specific <em class="firstterm">namespace</em>.
- </div><a id="id677764" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677746" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id749243" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749224" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Zones are defined on authoritative nameservers through the use of <em class="firstterm">zone files</em>, which contain definitions of the resource records in each zone. Zone files are stored on <em class="firstterm">primary nameservers</em> (also called <em class="firstterm">master nameservers</em>), where changes are made to the files, and <em class="firstterm">secondary nameservers</em> (also called <em class="firstterm">slave nameservers</em>), which receive zone definitions from the primary nameservers. Both primary and secondary nameservers are authoritative for the zone and look the same to clients. Depending on the configuration, any nameserver can also serve as a primary or secondary server for multiple zones at the same time.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-nameservers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two nameserver configuration types:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id677701" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id677686" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id677672" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id677657" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id677649" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id677614" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id749179" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id749165" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id749151" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id749136" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id749127" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id749093" class="indexterm"></a>
authoritative </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Authoritative nameservers answer to resource records that are part of their zones only. This category includes both primary (master) and secondary (slave) nameservers.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id677609" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id677594" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id749087" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id749073" class="indexterm"></a>
recursive </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Recursive nameservers offer resolution services, but they are not authoritative for any zone. Answers for all resolutions are cached in a memory for a fixed period of time, which is specified by the retrieved resource record.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Although a nameserver can be both authoritative and recursive at the same time, it is recommended not to combine the configuration types. To be able to perform their work, authoritative servers should be available to all clients all the time. On the other hand, since the recursive lookup takes far more time than authoritative responses, recursive servers should be available to a restricted number of clients only, otherwise they are prone to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</h3></div></div></div><a id="id677563" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677540" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677523" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677510" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677498" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</h3></div></div></div><a id="id749041" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749018" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id749001" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748989" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748976" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748963" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
BIND consists of a set of DNS-related programs. It contains a monolithic nameserver called <code class="systemitem">named</code>, an administration utility called <code class="command">rndc</code>, and a debugging tool called <code class="command">dig</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>10.6. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-BIND.html"><strong>Next</strong>11.2. BIND</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html
index 3a3244b..596279d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Directory_Servers.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="13.6.3. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey
="n" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 14. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-lda
p-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id704688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704659" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704662" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704651" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="13.6.3. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey
="n" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Directory_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 14. Directory Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-lda
p-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-OpenLDAP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id776166" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id776136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id776140" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id776129" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a set of open protocols used to access centrally stored information over a network. It is based on the <code class="systemitem">X.500</code> standard for directory sharing, but is less complex and resource-intensive. For this reason, LDAP is sometimes referred to as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">X.500 Lite</span>”</span>.
</div><div class="para">
Like X.500, LDAP organizes information in a hierarchical manner using directories. These directories can store a variety of information such as names, addresses, or phone numbers, and can even be used in a manner similar to the <em class="firstterm">Network Information Service</em> (<acronym class="acronym">NIS</acronym>), enabling anyone to access their account from any machine on the LDAP enabled network.
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@
The LDAP server supports several database systems, which gives administrators the flexibility to choose the best suited solution for the type of information they are planning to serve. Because of a well-defined client <em class="firstterm">Application Programming Interface</em> (<acronym class="acronym">API</acronym>), the number of applications able to communicate with an LDAP server is numerous, and increasing in both quantity and quality.
</div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-terminology"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-terminology">14.1.1.1. LDAP Terminology</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of LDAP-specific terms that are used within this chapter:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id704522" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id776000" class="indexterm"></a>
entry </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A single unit within an LDAP directory. Each entry is identified by its unique <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>).
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id704487" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id775964" class="indexterm"></a>
attribute </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Information directly associated with an entry. For example, if an organization is represented as an LDAP entry, attributes associated with this organization might include an address, a fax number, etc. Similarly, people can be represented as entries with common attributes such as personal telephone number or email address.
</div><div class="para">
An attribute can either have a single value, or an unordered space-separated list of values. While certain attributes are optional, other are required. Required attributes are specified using the <code class="option">objectClass</code> definition, and can be found in schema files located in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
The assertion of an attribute and its corresponding value is also referred to as a <em class="firstterm">Relative Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">RDN</acronym>). Unlike distinguished names that are unique globally, a relative distinguished name is only unique per entry.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id704431" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id775908" class="indexterm"></a>
LDIF </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">LDAP Data Interchange Format</em> (<acronym class="acronym">LDIF</acronym>) is a plain text representation of an LDAP entry. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em></span>] dn: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em>: <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em>…
…</pre><div class="para">
The optional <em class="replaceable"><code>id</code></em> is a number determined by the application that is used to edit the entry. Each entry can contain as many <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_type</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>attribute_value</code></em> pairs as needed, as long as they are all defined in a corresponding schema file. A blank line indicates the end of an entry.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-features">14.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id704345" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-features">14.1.1.2. OpenLDAP Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id775823" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OpenLDAP suite provides a number of important features:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>LDAPv3 Support</em></span> — Many of the changes in the protocol since LDAP version 2 are designed to make LDAP more secure. Among other improvements, this includes the support for Simple Authentication and Security Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SASL</acronym>), Transport Layer Security (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), and Secure Sockets Layer (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) protocols.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>Updated C API</em></span> — The current C API improves the way programmers can connect to and use LDAP directory servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Enhanced Standalone LDAP Server</em></span> — This includes an updated access control system, thread pooling, better tools, and much more.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-setup">14.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="id704246" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-setup"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-setup">14.1.1.3. OpenLDAP Server Setup</h4></div></div></div><a id="id775724" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The typical steps to set up an LDAP server on Fedora are as follows:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Install the OpenLDAP suite. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Section 14.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> for more information on required packages.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
Use the <code class="command">ldapadd</code> utility to add entries to the LDAP directory.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Use the <code class="command">ldapsearch</code> utility to verify that the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service is accessing the information correctly.
- </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="id704163" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704138" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</h3></div></div></div><a id="id775641" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id775615" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The suite of OpenLDAP libraries and tools is provided by the following packages:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap"><h6>Table 14.1. List of OpenLDAP packages</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP packages" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="package" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Package
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
For example, to perform the basic LDAP server installation, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers</code></pre><div class="para">
Note that you must have superuser privileges (that is, you must be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>) to run this command. For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">14.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id703866" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">14.1.2.1. Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id775344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To perform administrative tasks, the <span class="package">openldap-servers</span> package installs the following utilities along with the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-servers"><h6>Table 14.3. List of OpenLDAP server utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP server utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Command
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
To preserve the data integrity, stop the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service before using <code class="command">slapadd</code>, <code class="command">slapcat</code>, or <code class="command">slapindex</code>. You can do so by typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">Section 14.1.4, “Running an OpenLDAP Server”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">14.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id703560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">14.1.2.2. Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</h4></div></div></div><a id="id775038" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">openldap-clients</span> package installs the following utilities which can be used to add, modify, and delete entries in an LDAP directory:
</div><div class="table" id="table-ldap-packages-openldap-clients"><h6>Table 14.4. List of OpenLDAP client utilities</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="List of OpenLDAP client utilities" border="1"><colgroup><col width="33%" class="command" /><col width="67%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Command
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
Allows you to perform a <code class="option">whoami</code> operation on an LDAP server.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
With the exception of <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, each of these utilities is more easily used by referencing a file containing the changes to be made rather than typing a command for each entry to be changed within an LDAP directory. The format of such a file is outlined in the man page for each utility.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications">14.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id703345" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-packages-applications">14.1.2.3. Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id774823" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although there are various graphical LDAP clients capable of creating and modifying directories on the server, none of them is included in Fedora. Popular applications that can access directories in a read-only mode include <span class="application"><strong>Mozilla Thunderbird</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>Ekiga</strong></span>.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/</code> directory. The following table highlights the most important directories and files within this directory:
@@ -219,12 +219,12 @@
</th><th>
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <a id="id703266" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id774743" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/ldap.conf</code>
</td><td>
The configuration file for client applications that use the OpenLDAP libraries. This includes <code class="command">ldapadd</code>, <code class="command">ldapsearch</code>, <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, etc.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id703219" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id774696" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code>
</td><td>
The directory containing the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration.
@@ -234,9 +234,9 @@
The <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> configuration consists of LDIF entries organized in a hierarchical directory structure, and the recommended way to edit these entries is to use the server utilities described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Section 14.1.2.1, “Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities”</a>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not edit LDIF files directly</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
An error in an LDIF file can render the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service unable to start. Because of this, it is strongly advised that you avoid editing the LDIF files within the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directly.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global">14.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id703132" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id703120" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-global">14.1.3.1. Changing the Global Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id774610" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id774598" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Global configuration options for the LDAP server are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id703097" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id774574" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcAllows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcAllows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to enable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcAllows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -265,17 +265,17 @@
<code class="option">proxy_authz_anon</code>
</td><td>
Enables processing of anonymous proxy authorization control.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 14.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702909" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcallows"><h6>Example 14.1. Using the olcAllows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcAllows: bind_v2 update_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id774387" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an anonymous session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPending</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 14.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702850" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpending"><h6>Example 14.2. Using the olcConnMaxPending directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPending: 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id774327" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of pending requests for an authenticated session. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcConnMaxPendingAuth</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="option">1000</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 14.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702796" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcconnmaxpendingauth"><h6>Example 14.3. Using the olcConnMaxPendingAuth directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcConnMaxPendingAuth: 1000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id774274" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcDisallows</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcDisallows</code> directive allows you to specify which features to disable. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcDisallows</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>feature</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -300,39 +300,39 @@
<code class="option">tls_authc</code>
</td><td>
Disallows the STARTTLS command when authenticated.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 14.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702623" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcdisallows"><h6>Example 14.4. Using the olcDisallows directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcDisallows: bind_anon</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id774101" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing an idle connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcIdleTimeout</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 14.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702555" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcidletimeout"><h6>Example 14.5. Using the olcIdleTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcIdleTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id774032" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcLogFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcLogFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file in which to write log messages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcLogFile</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The log messages are written to standard error by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 14.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702489" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olclogfile"><h6>Example 14.6. Using the olcLogFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcLogFile: /var/log/slapd.log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773967" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReferral</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReferral</code> option allows you to specify a URL of a server to process the request in case the server is not able to handle it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReferral</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>URL</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 14.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702440" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreferral"><h6>Example 14.7. Using the olcReferral directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReferral: ldap://root.openldap.org</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773918" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code> option allows you to specify how many seconds to wait before closing a connection with an outstanding write request. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcWriteTimeout</code></pre><div class="para">
This option is disabled by default (that is, set to <code class="option">0</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 14.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database">14.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id702368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702359" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcwritetimeout"><h6>Example 14.8. Using the olcWriteTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcWriteTimeout: 180</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-database">14.1.3.2. Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773846" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id773837" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the OpenLDAP server uses Berkeley DB (BDB) as a database back end. The configuration for this database is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif</code> file. The following directives are commonly used in a database-specific configuration:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702334" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773812" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcReadOnly</code> directive allows you to use the database in a read-only mode. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcReadOnly</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts either <code class="option">TRUE</code> (enable the read-only mode), or <code class="option">FALSE</code> (enable modifications of the database). The default option is <code class="option">FALSE</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 14.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702268" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcreadonly"><h6>Example 14.9. Using the olcReadOnly directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcReadOnly: TRUE</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773746" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootDN</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive allows you to specify the user that is unrestricted by access controls or administrative limit parameters set for operations on the LDAP directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootDN</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>distinguished_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">Distinguished Name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">cn=Manager,dn=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 14.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702195" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootdn"><h6>Example 14.10. Using the olcRootDN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootDN: cn=root,dn=example,dn=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773672" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcRootPW</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcRootPW</code> directive allows you to set a password for the user that is specified using the <code class="option">olcRootDN</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcRootPW</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -340,38 +340,38 @@
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">slappaswd</code>
New password:
Re-enter new password:
-{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 14.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id702114" class="indexterm"></a>
+{SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcrootpw"><h6>Example 14.11. Using the olcRootPW directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcRootPW: {SSHA}WczWsyPEnMchFf1GRTweq2q7XJcvmSxD</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id773592" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">olcSuffix</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">olcSuffix</code> directive allows you to specify the domain for which to provide information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><code class="option">olcSuffix</code>: <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
It accepts a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>). The default option is <code class="option">dc=my-domain,dc=com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 14.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema">14.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="id702042" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702031" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-ldap-configuration-olcsuffix"><h6>Example 14.12. Using the olcSuffix directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">olcSuffix: dc=example,dc=com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-configuration-schema">14.1.3.3. Extending Schema</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773521" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id773510" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Since OpenLDAP 2.3, the <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.d/</code> directory also contains LDAP definitions that were previously located in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/schema/</code>. It is possible to extend the schema used by OpenLDAP to support additional attribute types and object classes using the default schema files as a guide. However, this task is beyond the scope of this chapter. For more information on this topic, refer to <a href="http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html">http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin/schema.html</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id701985" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id773464" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This section describes how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the <span class="application"><strong>Standalone LDAP Daemon</strong></span>. For more information on how to manage system services in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-starting">14.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id701957" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-starting">14.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773436" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run the <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the service to start automatically at the boot time, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping">14.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id701900" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-stopping">14.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773379" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at the boot time, type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl disable slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting">14.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id701851" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-restarting">14.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773331" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To restart the running <code class="systemitem">slapd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart slapd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
This stops the service, and then starts it again. Use this command to reload the configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-status">14.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id701805" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-running-status">14.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773285" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check whether the service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl is-active slapd.service</code></pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ldap-pam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to configure a system to authenticate using OpenLDAP, make sure that the appropriate packages are installed on both LDAP server and client machines. For information on how to set up the server, follow the instructions in <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Section 14.1.2, “Installing the OpenLDAP Suite”</a> and <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Section 14.1.3, “Configuring an OpenLDAP Server”</a>. On a client, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install openldap openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd</code></pre><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html">Chapter 8, <em>Configuring Authentication</em></a> provides detailed instructions on how to configure applications to use LDAP for authentication.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools">14.1.5.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="id701745" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ldap-migrationtools">14.1.5.1. Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</h4></div></div></div><a id="id773226" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="package">migrationtools</span> package provides a set of shell and Perl scripts to help you migrate authentication information into an LDAP format. To install this package, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install migrationtools</code></pre><div class="para">
This will install the scripts to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/</code> directory. Once installed, edit the <code class="filename">/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph</code> file and change the following lines to reflect the correct domain, for example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html
index f3579af..c6d4036 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 14. Directory Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-FTP.html"><strong>Next</st
rong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-File_and_Print_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 15. File and Print Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5.
Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s
2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">15.3. Printer Configurat
ion</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer M
odel and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
This chapter guides you through the installation and configuration of <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, an open source implementation of the <em class="firstterm">Server Message Block</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SMB</acronym>) protocol, and <span class="application"><strong>vsftpd</strong></span>, the primary FTP server shipped with Fedora. Additionally, it explains how to use the <span class="application"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> tool to configure printers.
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="id708365" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id708204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-Samba" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</h2></div></div></div><a id="id783057" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id782897" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Samba</em> is an open source implementation of the <em class="firstterm">Server Message Block</em> (<code class="systemitem">SMB</code>) protocol. It allows the networking of Microsoft <span class="trademark">Windows</span>®, Linux, UNIX, and other operating systems together, enabling access to Windows-based file and printer shares. Samba's use of <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> allows it to appear as a Windows server to Windows clients.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">samba</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install samba</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with Yum, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id708268" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-overview"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id782960" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The third major release of Samba, version 3.0.0, introduced numerous improvements from prior versions, including:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The ability to join an Active Directory domain by means of the <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</em> (<code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>) and <em class="firstterm">Kerberos</em>
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
Support for all recent Microsoft Windows server and client versions to connect to Samba servers without needing local registry hacking
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Two new documents developed by the Samba.org team, which include a 400+ page reference manual, and a 300+ page implementation and integration manual. For more information about these published titles, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-published">Section 15.1.12.2, “Related Books”</a>.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-abilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-abilities">15.1.1.1. Samba Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id708182" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-abilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-abilities">15.1.1.1. Samba Features</h4></div></div></div><a id="id782874" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is a powerful and versatile server application. Even seasoned system administrators must know its abilities and limitations before attempting installation and configuration.
</div><div class="para">
What Samba can do:
@@ -51,25 +51,25 @@
Act as a BDC for a Windows PDC (and vice versa)
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Act as an Active Directory domain controller
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-daemons"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="id708015" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-daemons"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</h3></div></div></div><a id="id782707" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a brief introduction to the individual Samba daemons and services.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-services">15.1.2.1. Samba Daemons</h4></div></div></div><a id="id707990" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-services">15.1.2.1. Samba Daemons</h4></div></div></div><a id="id782683" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba is comprised of three daemons (<code class="command">smbd</code>, <code class="command">nmbd</code>, and <code class="command">winbindd</code>). Three services (<code class="command">smb</code>, <code class="command">nmb</code>, and <code class="command">winbind</code>) control how the daemons are started, stopped, and other service-related features. These services act as different init scripts. Each daemon is listed in detail below, as well as which specific service has control over it.
- </div><h5> <code class="command">smbd</code> </h5><a id="id707926" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h5> <code class="command">smbd</code> </h5><a id="id782618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbd</code> server daemon provides file sharing and printing services to Windows clients. In addition, it is responsible for user authentication, resource locking, and data sharing through the <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> protocol. The default ports on which the server listens for <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> traffic are <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> ports <code class="constant">139</code> and <code class="constant">445</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="command">smb</code> service.
- </div><h5> <code class="command">nmbd</code> </h5><a id="id707839" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h5> <code class="command">nmbd</code> </h5><a id="id782532" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">nmbd</code> server daemon understands and replies to NetBIOS name service requests such as those produced by SMB/<em class="firstterm">Common Internet File System</em> (CIFS) in Windows-based systems. These systems include Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and LanManager clients. It also participates in the browsing protocols that make up the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span> view. The default port that the server listens to for <code class="systemitem">NMB</code> traffic is <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> port <code class="systemitem">137</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">nmbd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="command">nmb</code> service.
- </div><h5> <code class="command">winbindd</code> </h5><a id="id707756" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h5> <code class="command">winbindd</code> </h5><a id="id782448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">winbind</code> service resolves user and group information on a server running Windows NT, 2000, 2003 or Windows Server 2008. This makes Windows user / group information understandable by UNIX platforms. This is achieved by using Microsoft RPC calls, <em class="firstterm">Pluggable Authentication Modules</em> (PAM), and the <em class="firstterm">Name Service Switch</em> (NSS). This allows Windows NT domain users to appear and operate as UNIX users on a UNIX machine. Though bundled with the Samba distribution, the <code class="command">winbind</code> service is controlled separately from the <code class="command">smb</code> service.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemon is controlled by the <code class="command">winbind</code> service and does not require the <code class="command">smb</code> service to be started in order to operate. <code class="command">winbindd</code> is also used when Samba is an Active Directory member, and may also be used on a Samba domain controller (to implement nested groups and/or interdomain trust). Because <code class="command">winbind</code> is a client-side service used to connect to Windows NT-based servers, further discussion of <code class="command">winbind</code> is beyond the scope of this chapter.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Obtaining a list of utilities that are shipped with Samba</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You may refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Section 15.1.11, “Samba Distribution Programs”</a> for a list of utilities included in the Samba distribution.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-connect-share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="id707638" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-connect-share"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</h3></div></div></div><a id="id782330" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> to view available Samba shares on your network. To view a list of Samba workgroups and domains on your network, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Accessories</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Files</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Browse Network</strong></span> at the sidebar.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-samba-nautilus-workgroups"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/samba-nautilus-domain.png" alt="Browsing a network in Nautilus" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Browsing a network in Nautilus
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@
Each machine within the workgroup is represented by its own icon. Double-click on an icon to view the Samba shares on the machine. If a username and password combination is required, you are prompted for them.
</div><div class="para">
Alternately, you can also specify the Samba server and sharename in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Location:</strong></span> bar for <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> using the following syntax (replace <em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the appropriate values):
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">15.1.3.1. Command Line</h4></div></div></div><a id="id707494" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707475" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707463" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smb://<em class="replaceable"><code>servername</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em></code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">15.1.3.1. Command Line</h4></div></div></div><a id="id782186" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id782168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id782155" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To query the network for Samba servers, use the <code class="command">findsmb</code> command. For each server found, it displays its <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address, NetBIOS name, workgroup name, operating system, and <code class="systemitem">SMB</code> server version.
- </div><a id="id707431" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707401" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id782123" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id782093" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To connect to a Samba share from a shell prompt, type the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbclient //<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> -U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> with the hostname or <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address of the Samba server you want to connect to, <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with the name of the shared directory you want to browse, and <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the Samba username for the system. Enter the correct password or press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> if no password is required for the user.
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
If you see the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt, you have successfully logged in. Once you are logged in, type <strong class="userinput"><code>help</code></strong> for a list of commands. If you wish to browse the contents of your home directory, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sharename</code></em> with your username. If the <code class="command">-U</code> switch is not used, the username of the current user is passed to the Samba server.
</div><div class="para">
To exit <code class="command">smbclient</code>, type <strong class="userinput"><code>exit</code></strong> at the <code class="prompt">smb:\></code> prompt.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-mounting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-samba-mounting">15.1.3.2. Mounting the Share</h4></div></div></div><a id="id707278" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-mounting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-samba-mounting">15.1.3.2. Mounting the Share</h4></div></div></div><a id="id781971" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to mount a Samba share to a directory so that the files in the directory can be treated as if they are part of the local file system.
</div><div class="para">
To mount a Samba share to a directory, create a directory to mount it to (if it does not already exist), and execute the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@
Some CIFS servers require plain text passwords for authentication. Support for plain text password authentication can be enabled using the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">echo 0x37 > /proc/fs/cifs/SecurityFlags</code></pre><div class="para">
WARNING: This operation can expose passwords by removing password encryption.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id707086" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707067" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id781778" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id781758" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default configuration file (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) allows users to view their home directories as a Samba share. It also shares all printers configured for the system as Samba shared printers. In other words, you can attach a printer to the system and print to it from the Windows machines on your network.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui">15.1.4.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id707026" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-gui">15.1.4.1. Graphical Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id781717" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure Samba using a graphical interface, use one of the available Samba graphical user interfaces. A list of available GUIs can be found at <a href="http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/">http://www.samba.org/samba/GUI/</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">15.1.4.2. Command Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id477430" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">15.1.4.2. Command Line Configuration</h4></div></div></div><a id="id597965" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba uses <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> as its configuration file. If you change this configuration file, the changes do not take effect until you restart the Samba daemon with the following command, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
<pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart smb.service</code></pre>
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ create mask = 0765</pre><div class="para">
The above example allows the users <code class="command">tfox</code> and <code class="command">carole</code> to read and write to the directory <code class="filename">/home/share</code>, on the Samba server, from a Samba client.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-encrypted-passwords"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">15.1.4.3. Encrypted Passwords</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Encrypted passwords are enabled by default because it is more secure to do so. To create a user with an encrypted password, use the command <code class="command">smbpasswd -a <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> </code>.
- </div><a id="id707420" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id673606" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601816" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601962" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id562389" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id669097" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700466" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-startstop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id629363" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id484838" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596790" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id482245" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id667865" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id748668" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id640871" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id781688" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592036" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id782846" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702938" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id781742" class="indexterm"></a></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-startstop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</h3></div></div></div><a id="id610111" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id703968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id558189" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id654013" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id570128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start a Samba server, type the following command in a shell prompt, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start smb.service</code></pre><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Setting up a domain member server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To set up a domain member server, you must first join the domain or Active Directory using the <code class="command">net join</code> command <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting the <code class="command">smb</code> service.
@@ -153,13 +153,13 @@ create mask = 0765</pre><div class="para">
A manual reload of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file can be useful in case of a failed automatic reload by the <code class="command">smb</code> service. To ensure that the Samba server configuration file is reloaded without restarting the service, type the following command, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl reload smb.service</code></pre><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">smb</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure Samba to start at boot time, use a service manager such as <code class="command">systemctl</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information regarding this tool.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id560462" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id669708" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id689808" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id638283" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba configuration is straightforward. All modifications to Samba are done in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration file. Although the default <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is well documented, it does not address complex topics such as LDAP, Active Directory, and the numerous domain controller implementations.
</div><div class="para">
The following sections describe the different ways a Samba server can be configured. Keep in mind your needs and the changes required to the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a successful configuration.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-standalone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-standalone">15.1.6.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id584897" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-standalone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-standalone">15.1.6.1. Stand-alone Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id739424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A stand-alone server can be a workgroup server or a member of a workgroup environment. A stand-alone server is not a domain controller and does not participate in a domain in any way. The following examples include several anonymous share-level security configurations and one user-level security configuration. For more information on share-level and user-level security modes, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">Section 15.1.7, “Samba Security Modes”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">15.1.6.1.1. Anonymous Read-Only</h5></div></div></div><a id="id645372" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">15.1.6.1.1. Anonymous Read-Only</h5></div></div></div><a id="id528373" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read-only file sharing. The <code class="command">security = share</code> parameter makes a share anonymous. Note, security levels for a single Samba server cannot be mixed. The <code class="command">security</code> directive is a global Samba parameter located in the <code class="command">[global]</code> configuration section of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ security = share
comment = Documentation Samba Server
path = /export
read only = Yes
-guest only = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">15.1.6.1.2. Anonymous Read/Write</h5></div></div></div><a id="id517733" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+guest only = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">15.1.6.1.2. Anonymous Read/Write</h5></div></div></div><a id="id694240" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement anonymous read/write file sharing. To enable anonymous read/write file sharing, set the <code class="command">read only</code> directive to <code class="command">no</code>. The <code class="command">force user</code> and <code class="command">force group</code> directives are also added to enforce the ownership of any newly placed files specified in the share.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use anonymous read/write servers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although having an anonymous read/write server is possible, it is not recommended. Any files placed in the share space, regardless of user, are assigned the user/group combination as specified by a generic user (<code class="command">force user</code>) and group (<code class="command">force group</code>) in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file.
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ path = /export
force user = docsbot
force group = users
read only = No
-guest ok = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">15.1.6.1.3. Anonymous Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id668518" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+guest ok = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">15.1.6.1.3. Anonymous Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id586621" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an anonymous print server. Setting <code class="command">browseable</code> to <code class="command">no</code> as shown does not list the printer in Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Although hidden from browsing, configuring the printer explicitly is possible. By connecting to <code class="command">DOCS_SRV</code> using NetBIOS, the client can have access to the printer if the client is also part of the <code class="command">DOCS</code> workgroup. It is also assumed that the client has the correct local printer driver installed, as the <code class="command">use client driver</code> directive is set to <code class="command">Yes</code>. In this case, the Samba server has no responsibility for sharing printer drivers to the client.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ path = /var/spool/samba
guest ok = Yes
printable = Yes
use client driver = Yes
-browseable = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">15.1.6.1.4. Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id477915" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = Yes</pre></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">15.1.6.1.4. Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id693040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a secure read/write print server. Setting the <code class="command">security</code> directive to <code class="command">user</code> forces Samba to authenticate client connections. Notice the <code class="command">[homes]</code> share does not have a <code class="command">force user</code> or <code class="command">force group</code> directive as the <code class="command">[public]</code> share does. The <code class="command">[homes]</code> share uses the authenticated user details for any files created as opposed to the <code class="command">force user</code> and <code class="command">force group</code> in <code class="command">[public]</code>.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ create mask = 0600
guest ok = Yes
printable = Yes
use client driver = Yes
-browseable = Yes</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-member"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-member">15.1.6.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id591683" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+browseable = Yes</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-member"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-member">15.1.6.2. Domain Member Server</h4></div></div></div><a id="id770139" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain member, while similar to a stand-alone server, is logged into a domain controller (either Windows or Samba) and is subject to the domain's security rules. An example of a domain member server would be a departmental server running Samba that has a machine account on the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). All of the department's clients still authenticate with the PDC, and desktop profiles and all network policy files are included. The difference is that the departmental server has the ability to control printer and network shares.
- </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads">15.1.6.2.1. Active Directory Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id615453" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-ads">15.1.6.2.1. Active Directory Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id609854" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement an Active Directory domain member server. In this example, Samba authenticates users for services being run locally but is also a client of the Active Directory. Ensure that your kerberos <code class="command">realm</code> parameter is shown in all caps (for example <code class="command">realm = EXAMPLE.COM</code>). Since Windows 2000/2003/2008 requires Kerberos for Active Directory authentication, the <code class="command">realm</code> directive is required. If Active Directory and Kerberos are running on different servers, the <code class="command">password server</code> directive may be required to help the distinction.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
realm = EXAMPLE.COM
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com</pre><div class="para">
Since the machine <code class="command">windows1</code> was automatically found in the corresponding Kerberos realm (the <code class="command">kinit</code> command succeeded), the <code class="command">net</code> command connects to the Active Directory server using its required administrator account and password. This creates the appropriate machine account on the Active Directory and grants permissions to the Samba domain member server to join the domain.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The security option</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Since <code class="command">security = ads</code> and not <code class="command">security = user</code> is used, a local password back end such as <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> is not needed. Older clients that do not support <code class="command">security = ads</code> are authenticated as if <code class="command">security = domain</code> had been set. This change does not affect functionality and allows local users not previously in the domain.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">15.1.6.2.2. Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id468695" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">15.1.6.2.2. Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</h5></div></div></div><a id="id637857" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a Windows NT4-based domain member server. Becoming a member server of an NT4-based domain is similar to connecting to an Active Directory. The main difference is NT4-based domains do not use Kerberos in their authentication method, making the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file simpler. In this instance, the Samba member server functions as a pass through to the NT4-based domain server.
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
workgroup = DOCS
@@ -279,13 +279,13 @@ guest ok = Yes</pre><div class="para">
After configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, join the domain <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span> starting Samba by typing the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">net rpc join -U administrator%password</code></pre></div></div><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="option">-S</code> option, which specifies the domain server hostname, does not need to be stated in the <code class="command">net rpc join</code> command. Samba uses the hostname specified by the <code class="command">workgroup</code> directive in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file instead of it being stated explicitly.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-controller">15.1.6.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="id592078" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-controller"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-controller">15.1.6.3. Domain Controller</h4></div></div></div><a id="id611790" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A domain controller in Windows NT is functionally similar to a Network Information Service (NIS) server in a Linux environment. Domain controllers and NIS servers both host user/group information databases as well as related services. Domain controllers are mainly used for security, including the authentication of users accessing domain resources. The service that maintains the user/group database integrity is called the <em class="firstterm">Security Account Manager</em> (SAM). The SAM database is stored differently between Windows and Linux Samba-based systems, therefore SAM replication cannot be achieved and platforms cannot be mixed in a PDC/BDC environment.
</div><div class="para">
In a Samba environment, there can be only one PDC and zero or more BDCs.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>A mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Samba cannot exist in a mixed Samba/Windows domain controller environment (Samba cannot be a BDC of a Windows PDC or vice versa). Alternatively, Samba PDCs and BDCs <span class="emphasis"><em>can</em></span> coexist.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">15.1.6.3.1. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using <code class="command">tdbsam</code> </h5></div></div></div><a id="id615864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">15.1.6.3.1. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using <code class="command">tdbsam</code> </h5></div></div></div><a id="id571021" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The simplest and most common implementation of a Samba PDC uses the new default <code class="command">tdbsam</code> password database back end. Replacing the aging <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end, <code class="command">tdbsam</code> has numerous improvements that are explained in more detail in <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Section 15.1.8, “Samba Account Information Databases”</a>. The <code class="command">passdb backend</code> directive controls which back end is to be used for the PDC.
</div><div class="para">
The following <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file shows a sample configuration needed to implement a <code class="command">tdbsam</code> password database back end.
@@ -359,11 +359,11 @@ domain master = Yes
Windows groups and users use the same namespace thus not allowing the existence of a group and a user with the same name like in UNIX.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Limitations of the tdbsam authentication back end</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you need more than one domain controller or have more than 250 users, do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use a <code class="command">tdbsam</code> authentication back end. LDAP is recommended in these cases.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads">15.1.6.3.2. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h5></div></div></div><a id="id700088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="samba-rgs-pdc-ads">15.1.6.3.2. Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</h5></div></div></div><a id="id600069" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible for Samba to be a member of an Active Directory, it is not possible for Samba to operate as an Active Directory domain controller.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-security-modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id581907" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-security-modes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id636713" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are only two types of security modes for Samba, <span class="emphasis"><em>share-level</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>user-level</em></span>, which are collectively known as <span class="emphasis"><em><em class="firstterm">security levels</em> </em></span>. Share-level security can only be implemented in one way, while user-level security can be implemented in one of four different ways. The different ways of implementing a security level are called <span class="emphasis"><em><em class="firstterm">security modes</em></em></span>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-user-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-user-level">15.1.7.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id582426" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-user-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-user-level">15.1.7.1. User-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id727944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User-level security is the default setting for Samba. Even if the <code class="command">security = user</code> directive is not listed in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, it is used by Samba. If the server accepts the client's username/password, the client can then mount multiple shares without specifying a password for each instance. Samba can also accept session-based username/password requests. The client maintains multiple authentication contexts by using a unique UID for each logon.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the <code class="command">security = user</code> directive that sets user-level security is:
@@ -372,13 +372,13 @@ domain master = Yes
security = user
...</pre><div class="para">
The following sections describe other implementations of user-level security.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode">15.1.7.1.1. Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id514067" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-security-mode">15.1.7.1.1. Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id587862" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In domain security mode, the Samba server has a machine account (domain security trust account) and causes all authentication requests to be passed through to the domain controllers. The Samba server is made into a domain member server by using the following directives in the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[GLOBAL]
...
security = domain
workgroup = MARKETING
-...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode">15.1.7.1.2. Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id516354" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-ads-security-mode">15.1.7.1.2. Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id590583" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have an Active Directory environment, it is possible to join the domain as a native Active Directory member. Even if a security policy restricts the use of NT-compatible authentication protocols, the Samba server can join an ADS using Kerberos. Samba in Active Directory member mode can accept Kerberos tickets.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the following directives make Samba an Active Directory member server:
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ workgroup = MARKETING
security = ADS
realm = EXAMPLE.COM
password server = kerberos.example.com
-...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode">15.1.7.1.3. Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id546754" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-samba-server-security-mode">15.1.7.1.3. Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</h5></div></div></div><a id="id742922" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Server security mode was previously used when Samba was not capable of acting as a domain member server.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using the server security mode</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is highly recommended to <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> use this mode since there are numerous security drawbacks.
@@ -398,18 +398,18 @@ password server = kerberos.example.com
encrypt passwords = Yes
security = server
password server = "NetBIOS_of_Domain_Controller"
-...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-share-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-share-level">15.1.7.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id477585" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-share-level"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-share-level">15.1.7.2. Share-Level Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id688136" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
With share-level security, the server accepts only a password without an explicit username from the client. The server expects a password for each share, independent of the username. There have been recent reports that Microsoft Windows clients have compatibility issues with share-level security servers. Samba developers strongly discourage use of share-level security.
</div><div class="para">
In the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file, the <code class="command">security = share</code> directive that sets share-level security is:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[GLOBAL]
...
security = share
-...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="id648251" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+...</pre></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</h3></div></div></div><a id="id651311" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The latest release of Samba offers many new features including new password database back ends not previously available. Samba version 3.0.0 fully supports all databases used in previous versions of Samba. However, although supported, many back ends may not be suitable for production use.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a list different back ends you can use with Samba. Other back ends not listed here may also be available.
- </div><a id="id563509" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649962" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id616160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609079" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id512695" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id470226" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id562020" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581631" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id621656" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id635378" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646558" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590425" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id648657" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id717879" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id698602" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593621" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id705951" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737289" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Plain Text</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Plain text back ends are nothing more than the <code class="command">/etc/passwd</code> type back ends. With a plain text back end, all usernames and passwords are sent unencrypted between the client and the Samba server. This method is very unsecure and is not recommended for use by any means. It is possible that different Windows clients connecting to the Samba server with plain text passwords cannot support such an authentication method.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A popular back end used in previous Samba packages, the <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end utilizes a plain ASCII text layout that includes the MS Windows LanMan and NT account, and encrypted password information. The <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end lacks the storage of the Windows NT/2000/2003 SAM extended controls. The <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> back end is not recommended because it does not scale well or hold any Windows information, such as RIDs for NT-based groups. The <code class="command">tdbsam</code> back end solves these issues for use in a smaller database (250 users), but is still not an enterprise-class solution.
@@ -427,17 +427,17 @@ security = share
As such, if you are using the <code class="command">ldapsam</code> back end for your Samba server, you will need to configure <code class="command">slapd</code> to include one of these schema file. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Section 14.1.3.3, “Extending Schema”</a> for directions on how to do this.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure the openldap-server package is installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You need to have the <code class="filename">openldap-server</code> package installed if you want to use the <code class="command">ldapsam</code> back end.
- </div></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-network-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="id617685" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602325" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-network-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</h3></div></div></div><a id="id716103" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id731943" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Network browsing</em> enables Windows and Samba servers to appear in the Windows <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>. Inside the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network Neighborhood</strong></span>, icons are represented as servers and if opened, the server's shares and printers that are available are displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Network browsing capabilities require NetBIOS over <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code>. NetBIOS-based networking uses broadcast (<code class="systemitem">UDP</code>) messaging to accomplish browse list management. Without NetBIOS and WINS as the primary method for <code class="systemitem">TCP</code>/<code class="systemitem">IP</code> hostname resolution, other methods such as static files (<code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code>) or <code class="systemitem">DNS</code>, must be used.
</div><div class="para">
A domain master browser collates the browse lists from local master browsers on all subnets so that browsing can occur between workgroups and subnets. Also, the domain master browser should preferably be the local master browser for its own subnet.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing">15.1.9.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="id577977" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-domain-browsing">15.1.9.1. Domain Browsing</h4></div></div></div><a id="id720749" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a Windows server PDC for a domain is also the domain master browser for that domain. A Samba server must <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> be set up as a domain master server in this type of situation
</div><div class="para">
For subnets that do not include the Windows server PDC, a Samba server can be implemented as a local master browser. Configuring the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file for a local master browser (or no browsing at all) in a domain controller environment is the same as workgroup configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-wins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-wins">15.1.9.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id578023" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id560705" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-wins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-wins">15.1.9.2. WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id743368" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id587012" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Either a Samba server or a Windows NT server can function as a WINS server. When a WINS server is used with NetBIOS enabled, UDP unicasts can be routed which allows name resolution across networks. Without a WINS server, the UDP broadcast is limited to the local subnet and therefore cannot be routed to other subnets, workgroups, or domains. If WINS replication is necessary, do not use Samba as your primary WINS server, as Samba does not currently support WINS replication.
</div><div class="para">
In a mixed NT/2000/2003/2008 server and Samba environment, it is recommended that you use the Microsoft WINS capabilities. In a Samba-only environment, it is recommended that you use <span class="emphasis"><em>only one</em></span> Samba server for WINS.
@@ -446,9 +446,9 @@ security = share
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
wins support = Yes</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using WINS</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
All servers (including Samba) should connect to a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. Without WINS, browsing only occurs on the local subnet. Furthermore, even if a domain-wide list is somehow obtained, hosts cannot be resolved for the client without WINS.
- </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-cups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="id673192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-cups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</h3></div></div></div><a id="id609188" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Samba allows client machines to share printers connected to the Samba server. In addition, Samba also allows client machines to send documents built in Linux to Windows printer shares. Although there are other printing systems that function with Fedora, CUPS (Common UNIX Print System) is the recommended printing system due to its close integration with Samba.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">15.1.10.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="id583472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">15.1.10.1. Simple <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Settings</h4></div></div></div><a id="id744324" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following example shows a very basic <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> configuration for CUPS support:
</div><pre class="programlisting">[global]
load printers = Yes
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ printer admin = ed, john</pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">print$</code> directive contains printer drivers for clients to access if not available locally. The <code class="command">print$</code> directive is optional and may not be required depending on the organization.
</div><div class="para">
Setting <code class="command">browseable</code> to <code class="command">Yes</code> enables the printer to be viewed in the Windows Network Neighborhood, provided the Samba server is set up correctly in the domain/workgroup.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id649464" class="indexterm"></a><h4> <code class="filename">findsmb</code> </h4><a id="id609038" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626068" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">findsmb <em class="replaceable"><code>subnet_broadcast_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-programs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</h3></div></div></div><a id="id562428" class="indexterm"></a><h4> <code class="filename">findsmb</code> </h4><a id="id698906" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id641288" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">findsmb <em class="replaceable"><code>subnet_broadcast_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">findsmb</code> program is a Perl script which reports information about <code class="systemitem">SMB</code>-aware systems on a specific subnet. If no subnet is specified the local subnet is used. Items displayed include <code class="systemitem">IP</code> address, NetBIOS name, workgroup or domain name, operating system, and version.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows the output of executing <code class="command">findsmb</code> as any valid user on a system:
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ IP ADDR NETBIOS NAME WORKGROUP/OS/VERSION
10.1.57.141 JAWS +[KWIKIMART] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]
10.1.56.159 FRED +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 3.0.0-14.3E]
10.1.59.192 LEGION *[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7-security-rollup-fix]
-10.1.56.205 NANCYN +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]</pre><h4> <code class="filename">net</code> </h4><a id="id627063" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id487441" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol function misc_options target_options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+10.1.56.205 NANCYN +[MYGROUP] [Unix] [Samba 2.2.7a-security-rollup-fix]</pre><h4> <code class="filename">net</code> </h4><a id="id564330" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id698248" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">net <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol function misc_options target_options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">net</code> utility is similar to the <code class="command">net</code> utility used for Windows and MS-DOS. The first argument is used to specify the protocol to use when executing a command. The <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> </code> option can be <code class="command">ads</code>, <code class="command">rap</code>, or <code class="command">rpc</code> for specifying the type of server connection. Active Directory uses <code class="command">ads</code>, Win9x/NT3 uses <code class="command">rap</code>, and Windows NT4/2000/2003/2008 uses <code class="command">rpc</code>. If the protocol is omitted, <code class="command">net</code> automatically tries to determine it.
</div><div class="para">
The following example displays a list the available shares for a host named <code class="command">wakko</code>:
@@ -508,13 +508,13 @@ User name Comment
-----------------------------
andriusb Documentation
joe Marketing
-lisa Sales</pre><h4> <code class="filename">nmblookup</code> </h4><a id="id698124" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id669130" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code>options netbios_name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+lisa Sales</pre><h4> <code class="filename">nmblookup</code> </h4><a id="id645602" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id705027" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">nmblookup <em class="replaceable"><code>options netbios_name</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">nmblookup</code> program resolves NetBIOS names into <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses. The program broadcasts its query on the local subnet until the target machine replies.
</div><div class="para">
Here is an example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">nmblookup trek</code>
querying trek on 10.1.59.255
-10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4> <code class="filename">pdbedit</code> </h4><a id="id637391" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id633279" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+10.1.56.45 trek<00></pre><h4> <code class="filename">pdbedit</code> </h4><a id="id568071" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id616616" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">pdbedit <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">pdbedit</code> program manages accounts located in the SAM database. All back ends are supported including <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code>, LDAP, and the <code class="filename">tdb</code> database library.
</div><div class="para">
The following are examples of adding, deleting, and listing users:
@@ -568,23 +568,23 @@ lisa:504:
kristin:506:
<strong class="userinput"><code>~]$ pdbedit -x joe</code></strong>
<strong class="userinput"><code>~]$ pdbedit -L</code></strong>
-andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4> <code class="filename">rpcclient</code> </h4><a id="id479450" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id653514" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code>server options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+andriusb:505: lisa:504: kristin:506:</pre><h4> <code class="filename">rpcclient</code> </h4><a id="id743622" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id571183" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rpcclient <em class="replaceable"><code>server options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">rpcclient</code> program issues administrative commands using Microsoft RPCs, which provide access to the Windows administration graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for systems management. This is most often used by advanced users that understand the full complexity of Microsoft RPCs.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcacls</code> </h4><a id="id608733" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504926" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share filename options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcacls</code> </h4><a id="id528534" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585043" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcacls <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share filename options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbcacls</code> program modifies Windows ACLs on files and directories shared by a Samba server or a Windows server.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbclient</code> </h4><a id="id580272" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585248" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share password options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbclient</code> </h4><a id="id564858" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id638372" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbclient <em class="replaceable"><code>//server/share password options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbclient</code> program is a versatile UNIX client which provides functionality similar to <code class="command">ftp</code>.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcontrol</code> </h4><a id="id606079" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id670595" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code>options destination messagetype parameters</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbcontrol</code> </h4><a id="id569333" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id694210" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol -i <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbcontrol <em class="replaceable"><code>options destination messagetype parameters</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbcontrol</code> program sends control messages to running <code class="command">smbd</code>, <code class="command">nmbd</code>, or <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemons. Executing <code class="command">smbcontrol -i</code> runs commands interactively until a blank line or a <em class="parameter"><code>'q'</code></em> is entered.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> </h4><a id="id694333" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id495892" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code>options username password</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbpasswd</code> </h4><a id="id586501" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id694654" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbpasswd <em class="replaceable"><code>options username password</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbpasswd</code> program manages encrypted passwords. This program can be run by a superuser to change any user's password as well as by an ordinary user to change their own Samba password.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbspool</code> </h4><a id="id471636" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644444" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code>job user title copies options filename</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbspool</code> </h4><a id="id567792" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id576536" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbspool <em class="replaceable"><code>job user title copies options filename</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbspool</code> program is a CUPS-compatible printing interface to Samba. Although designed for use with CUPS printers, <code class="command">smbspool</code> can work with non-CUPS printers as well.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbstatus</code> </h4><a id="id608060" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id628218" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbstatus</code> </h4><a id="id698172" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702139" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbstatus <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbstatus</code> program displays the status of current connections to a Samba server.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbtar</code> </h4><a id="id470165" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479712" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">smbtar</code> </h4><a id="id624005" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id640516" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">smbtar <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">smbtar</code> program performs backup and restores of Windows-based share files and directories to a local tape archive. Though similar to the <code class="command">tar</code> command, the two are not compatible.
- </div><h4> <code class="filename">testparm</code> </h4><a id="id630633" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585336" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code>options filename hostname IP_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> <code class="filename">testparm</code> </h4><a id="id593674" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id528425" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">testparm <em class="replaceable"><code>options filename hostname IP_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">testparm</code> program checks the syntax of the <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file. If your <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file is in the default location (<code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code>) you do not need to specify the location. Specifying the hostname and IP address to the <code class="command">testparm</code> program verifies that the <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">host.deny</code> files are configured correctly. The <code class="command">testparm</code> program also displays a summary of your <code class="filename">/etc/samba/smb.conf</code> file and the server's role (stand-alone, domain, etc.) after testing. This is convenient when debugging as it excludes comments and concisely presents information for experienced administrators to read.
</div><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -626,11 +626,11 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
force user = andriusb
force group = users
read only = No
- guest only = Yes</pre><h4> <code class="filename">wbinfo</code> </h4><a id="id613226" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id653328" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ guest only = Yes</pre><h4> <code class="filename">wbinfo</code> </h4><a id="id643246" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626532" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">wbinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
The <code class="command">wbinfo</code> program displays information from the <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemon. The <code class="command">winbindd</code> daemon must be running for <code class="command">wbinfo</code> to work.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id603449" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-samba-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id744448" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following sections give you the means to explore Samba in greater detail.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-installed">15.1.12.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id468770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-installed">15.1.12.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id602723" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/samba-<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>/</code> — All additional files included with the Samba distribution. This includes all helper scripts, sample configuration files, and documentation. This directory also contains online versions of <em class="citetitle">The Official Samba-3 HOWTO-Collection</em> and <em class="citetitle">Samba-3 by Example</em>, both of which are cited below.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have the samba-doc package installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use the <span class="application"><strong>Samba</strong></span> documentation, first ensure the <span class="package">samba-doc</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -648,13 +648,13 @@ Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
<code class="command">nmbd</code>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">winbind</code>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-published"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-published">15.1.12.2. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id589670" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-published"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-published">15.1.12.2. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id598281" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">The Official Samba-3 HOWTO-Collection</em> by John H. Terpstra and Jelmer R. Vernooij; Prentice Hall — The official Samba-3 documentation as issued by the Samba development team. This is more of a reference guide than a step-by-step guide.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Samba-3 by Example</em> by John H. Terpstra; Prentice Hall — This is another official release issued by the Samba development team which discusses detailed examples of OpenLDAP, DNS, DHCP, and printing configuration files. This has step-by-step related information that helps in real-world implementations.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Using Samba, 2nd Edition</em> by Jay T's, Robert Eckstein, and David Collier-Brown; O'Reilly — A good resource for novice to advanced users, which includes comprehensive reference material.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-community"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-community">15.1.12.3. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id514635" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-samba-resources-community"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-samba-resources-community">15.1.12.3. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id635864" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.samba.org/">http://www.samba.org/</a> — Homepage for the Samba distribution and all official documentation created by the Samba development team. Many resources are available in HTML and PDF formats, while others are only available for purchase. Although many of these links are not Fedora specific, some concepts may apply.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://us1.samba.org/samba/archives.html">http://samba.org/samba/archives.html </a> — Active email lists for the Samba community. Enabling digest mode is recommended due to high levels of list activity.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html
index 06a51b0..2191777 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Mail_Servers.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Web Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-types.html" title="13.2. Email Program Classifications" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-type
s.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="s2-email-types-mua.html">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id609554" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Web Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-types.html" title="13.2. Email Program Classifications" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-type
s.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Mail_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 13. Mail Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="s2-email-types-mua.html">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id587548" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Email</em> was born in the 1960s. The mailbox was a file in a user's home directory that was readable only by that user. Primitive mail applications appended new text messages to the bottom of the file, making the user wade through the constantly growing file to find any particular message. This system was only capable of sending messages to users on the same system.
</div><div class="para">
The first network transfer of an electronic mail message file took place in 1971 when a computer engineer named Ray Tomlinson sent a test message between two machines via ARPANET—the precursor to the Internet. Communication via email soon became very popular, comprising 75 percent of ARPANET's traffic in less than two years.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
Today, email systems based on standardized network protocols have evolved into some of the most widely used services on the Internet. Fedora offers many advanced applications to serve and access email.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter reviews modern email protocols in use today, and some of the programs designed to send and receive email.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="id509182" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-email-protocols"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</h2></div></div></div><a id="id567352" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Today, email is delivered using a client/server architecture. An email message is created using a mail client program. This program then sends the message to a server. The server then forwards the message to the recipient's email server, where the message is then supplied to the recipient's email client.
</div><div class="para">
To enable this process, a variety of standard network protocols allow different machines, often running different operating systems and using different email programs, to send and receive email.
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
The following protocols discussed are the most commonly used in the transfer of email.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-send"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Mail delivery from a client application to the server, and from an originating server to the destination server, is handled by the <em class="firstterm">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">SMTP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp">13.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id570665" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-smtp">13.1.1.1. SMTP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id732152" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary purpose of SMTP is to transfer email between mail servers. However, it is critical for email clients as well. To send email, the client sends the message to an outgoing mail server, which in turn contacts the destination mail server for delivery. For this reason, it is necessary to specify an SMTP server when configuring an email client.
</div><div class="para">
Under Fedora, a user can configure an SMTP server on the local machine to handle mail delivery. However, it is also possible to configure remote SMTP servers for outgoing mail.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
Fedora provides the Postfix and Sendmail SMTP programs.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-email-protocols-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
There are two primary protocols used by email client applications to retrieve email from mail servers: the <em class="firstterm">Post Office Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">POP</em>) and the <em class="firstterm">Internet Message Access Protocol</em> (<em class="firstterm">IMAP</em>).
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-pop">13.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id472790" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-pop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-pop">13.1.2.1. POP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id688846" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default POP server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the dovecot package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>, first ensure the <code class="command">dovecot</code> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>RPOP</em></span> — <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> with <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> authentication. This uses a per-user ID, similar to a password, to authenticate POP requests. However, this ID is not encrypted, so <code class="systemitem">RPOP</code> is no more secure than standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code>.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For added security, it is possible to use <em class="firstterm">Secure Socket Layer</em> (<em class="firstterm">SSL</em>) encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">pop3s</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">/usr/sbin/stunnel</code> application. For more information on securing email communication, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Section 13.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-imap">13.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id606315" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-protocols-imap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-protocols-imap">13.1.2.2. IMAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id578684" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The default <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> server under Fedora is <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span> and is provided by the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-pop">Section 13.1.2.1, “POP”</a> for information on how to install <span class="application"><strong>Dovecot</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
When using an <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> mail server, email messages remain on the server where users can read or delete them. <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> also allows client applications to create, rename, or delete mail directories on the server to organize and store email.
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
For added security, it is possible to use <code class="systemitem">SSL</code> encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the <code class="command">imaps</code> service, or by using the <code class="command">/usr/sbin/stunnel</code> program. For more information on securing email communication, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Section 13.5.1, “Securing Communication”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Other free, as well as commercial, IMAP clients and servers are available, many of which extend the IMAP protocol and provide additional functionality.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot">13.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="id470889" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-mail-server-dovecot">13.1.2.3. Dovecot</h4></div></div></div><a id="id627650" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">imap-login</code> and <code class="command">pop3-login</code> processes which implement the <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> protocols are spawned by the master <code class="systemitem">dovecot</code> daemon included in the <span class="package">dovecot</span> package. The use of <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> is configured through the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file; by default <code class="command">dovecot</code> runs <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> together with their secure versions using <code class="systemitem">SSL</code>. To configure <code class="command">dovecot</code> to use <code class="systemitem">POP</code>, complete the following steps:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Edit the <code class="filename">/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code> configuration file to make sure the <code class="literal">protocols</code> variable is uncommented (remove the hash sign (<code class="command">#</code>) at the beginning of the line) and contains the <code class="literal">pop3</code> argument. For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
index 831fec9..914d617 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href
="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">3.2. Using t
he User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">3.3.3. Adding a
New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></d
t></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id496417" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id564230" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id583457" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567186" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html" title="Part I. Basic System Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" hr
ef="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">3.2. Usi
ng the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">3.3.3. Addi
ng a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span
></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id561141" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584093" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id636770" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id629313" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The control of users and groups is a core element of Fedora system administration. This chapter explains how to add, manage, and delete users and groups in the graphical user interface and on the command line, and covers advanced topics, such as enabling password aging or creating group directories.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
While users can be either people (meaning accounts tied to physical users) or accounts which exist for specific applications to use, groups are logical expressions of organization, tying users together for a common purpose. Users within a group can read, write, or execute files owned by that group.
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
Each user is associated with a unique numerical identification number called a <em class="firstterm">user ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">UID</acronym>). Likewise, each group is associated with a <em class="firstterm">group ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">GID</acronym>). A user who creates a file is also the owner and group owner of that file. The file is assigned separate read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and everyone else. The file owner can be changed only by <code class="systemitem">root</code>, and access permissions can be changed by both the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user and file owner.
</div><div class="para">
Additionally, Fedora supports <em class="firstterm">access control lists</em> (<acronym class="acronym">ACLs</acronym>) for files and directories which allow permissions for specific users outside of the owner to be set. Refer to For more information about this feature, refer to the <a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/ch-acls.html"><em class="citetitle">Access Control Lists</em></a> chapter of the <a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/index.html"><em class="citetitle">Storage Administration Guide</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id574338" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id575465" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id575477" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id574069" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id590805" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618710" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618722" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567436" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora uses a <em class="firstterm">user private group</em> (<em class="firstterm">UPG</em>) scheme, which makes UNIX groups easier to manage. A user private group is created whenever a new user is added to the system. It has the same name as the user for which it was created and that user is the only member of the user private group.
</div><div class="para">
User private groups make it safe to set default permissions for a newly created file or directory, allowing both the user and <span class="emphasis"><em>the group of that user</em></span> to make modifications to the file or directory.
</div><div class="para">
The setting which determines what permissions are applied to a newly created file or directory is called a <em class="firstterm">umask</em> and is configured in the <code class="filename">/etc/bashrc</code> file. Traditionally on UNIX systems, the <code class="command">umask</code> is set to <code class="command">022</code>, which allows only the user who created the file or directory to make modifications. Under this scheme, all other users, <span class="emphasis"><em>including members of the creator's group</em></span>, are not allowed to make any modifications. However, under the UPG scheme, this <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">group protection</span>”</span> is not necessary since every user has their own private group.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="id564995" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506692" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</h3></div></div></div><a id="id592130" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592142" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Especially in environments with multiple users, it is very important to use <em class="firstterm">shadow passwords</em> provided by the <span class="package">shadow-utils</span> package to enhance the security of system authentication files. For this reason, the installation program enables shadow passwords by default.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a list of the advantages shadow passwords have over the traditional way of storing passwords on UNIX-based systems:
@@ -41,4 +41,4 @@
The <code class="command">usermod</code> command with the <code class="option">-e</code> or <code class="option">-f</code> option.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="command">useradd</code> command with the <code class="option">-e</code> or <code class="option">-f</code> option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html"><strong>Next</strong>3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html"><strong>Next</strong>3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html
index 487914e..41b7ff9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html
@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="21.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesske
y="p" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">21.5. Verifying th
e Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id631173" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506811" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id615999" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id470329" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="21.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesske
y="p" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">21.5. Verifying th
e Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id741622" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id729914" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id588619" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id736568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Fedora kernel is custom-built by the Fedora kernel team to ensure its integrity and compatibility with supported hardware. Before a kernel is released, it must first pass a rigorous set of quality assurance tests.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora kernels are packaged in the RPM format so that they are easy to upgrade and verify using the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package managers. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> automatically queries the Yum repositories and informs you of packages with available updates, including kernel packages.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter is therefore <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> useful for users who need to manually update a kernel package using the <code class="command">rpm</code> command instead of <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div><a id="id647991" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id611915" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use Yum to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id652337" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id589698" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use Yum to install kernels whenever possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Whenever possible, use either the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> package manager to install a new kernel because they always <span class="emphasis"><em>install</em></span> a new kernel instead of replacing the current one, which could potentially leave your system unable to boot.
- </div></div></div><a id="id506360" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id743402" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information on installing kernel packages with <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span>, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Section 4.1.2, “Updating Packages”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="id635711" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id645197" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id671848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id671864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id473131" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id497246" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595511" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id482537" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id647627" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659274" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659290" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id493397" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id564005" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</h2></div></div></div><a id="id601048" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id728397" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601393" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601409" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id690192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id743334" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646270" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id639787" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id651279" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565273" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565289" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592301" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699269" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora contains the following kernel packages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="package">kernel</span> — Contains the kernel for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Network_Interfaces.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Network_Interfaces.html
index 2320557..885546b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Network_Interfaces.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Network_Interfaces.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Networking.html" title="Part III. Networking" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Networking.html" title="Part III. Networking" /><link rel="next" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Networking.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Network_Interfaces" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. Network Interfaces</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-in
terfaces-ppp0.html">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id590693" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id517562" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Networking.html" title="Part III. Networking" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Networking.html" title="Part III. Networking" /><link rel="next" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Networking.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n"
href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Network_Interfaces" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6. Network Interfaces</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-in
terfaces-ppp0.html">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id585235" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567202" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Under Fedora, all network communications occur between configured software <em class="firstterm">interfaces</em> and <em class="firstterm">physical networking devices</em> connected to the system.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration files for network interfaces are located in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory. The scripts used to activate and deactivate these network interfaces are also located here. Although the number and type of interface files can differ from system to system, there are three categories of files that exist in this directory:
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
The files in each of these categories work together to enable various network devices.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter explores the relationship between these files and how they are used.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id575628" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id640564" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before delving into the interface configuration files, let us first itemize the primary configuration files used in network configuration. Understanding the role these files play in setting up the network stack can be helpful when customizing a Fedora system.
</div><div class="para">
The primary network configuration files are as follows:
@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This file specifies the IP addresses of DNS servers and the search domain. Unless configured to do otherwise, the network initialization scripts populate this file. For more information about this file, refer to the <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> man page.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- This file specifies routing and host information for all network interfaces. For more information about this file and the directives it accepts, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-network">Section C.1.13, “ /etc/sysconfig/network ”</a>.
+ This file specifies routing and host information for all network interfaces. For more information about this file and the directives it accepts, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-network">Section D.1.13, “ /etc/sysconfig/network ”</a>.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface-name</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
For each network interface, there is a corresponding interface configuration script. Each of these files provide information specific to a particular network interface. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">Section 6.2, “Interface Configuration Files”</a> for more information on this type of file and the directives it accepts.
- </div></dd></dl></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Network interface names</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ Network interface names may be different on different hardware types. Refer to <a class="xref" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html">Appendix A, <em>Consistent Network Device Naming</em></a> for more information.
+ </div></div></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The /etc/sysconfig/networking/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/networking/</code> directory is used by the <span class="application"><strong>Network Administration Tool</strong></span> (<code class="command">system-config-network</code>) and its contents should <span class="bold bold"><strong>not</strong></span> be edited manually. Using only one method for network configuration is strongly encouraged, due to the risk of configuration deletion.
</div></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Networking.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Part III. Networking</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html"><strong>Next</strong>6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OProfile.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OProfile.html
index 5938dc7..5490a4b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OProfile.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OProfile.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html" title="19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-star
ting.html">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/
</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></
dl></div><a id="id546637" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id612058" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html" title="19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OProfile" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 20. OProfile</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-star
ting.html">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/
</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></
dl></div><a id="id772371" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id653405" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile is a low overhead, system-wide performance monitoring tool. It uses the performance monitoring hardware on the processor to retrieve information about the kernel and executables on the system, such as when memory is referenced, the number of L2 cache requests, and the number of hardware interrupts received. On a Fedora system, the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package must be installed to use this tool.
</div><div class="para">
Many processors include dedicated performance monitoring hardware. This hardware makes it possible to detect when certain events happen (such as the requested data not being in cache). The hardware normally takes the form of one or more <em class="firstterm">counters</em> that are incremented each time an event takes place. When the counter value, essentially rolls over, an interrupt is generated, making it possible to control the amount of detail (and therefore, overhead) produced by performance monitoring.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>Hardware performance counters do not work on guest virtual machines</em></span> — Because the hardware performance counters are not available on virtual systems, you need to use the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode. Run the command <code class="command">opcontrol --deinit</code>, and then execute <code class="command">modprobe oprofile timer=1</code> to enable the <code class="computeroutput">timer</code> mode.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>Non-CPU-limited performance problems</em></span> — OProfile is oriented to finding problems with CPU-limited processes. OProfile does not identify processes that are asleep because they are waiting on locks or for some other event to occur (for example an I/O device to finish an operation).
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id594092" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id608773" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="ch-OProfile.html#tb-oprofile-tools">Table 20.1, “OProfile Commands”</a> provides a brief overview of the tools provided with the <code class="filename">oprofile</code> package.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-tools"><h6>Table 20.1. OProfile Commands</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Commands" border="1"><colgroup><col width="29%" class="command" /><col width="71%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Command
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html
index cf4ca2c..435f3bb 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-OpenSSH.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html" title="8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesske
y="p" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id605764" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html" title="8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesske
y="p" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-OpenSSH" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. OpenSSH</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id586085" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">SSH</code> (Secure Shell) is a protocol which facilitates secure communications between two systems using a client/server architecture and allows users to log into server host systems remotely. Unlike other remote communication protocols, such as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> or <code class="systemitem">Telnet</code>, SSH encrypts the login session, rendering the connection difficult for intruders to collect unencrypted passwords.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> program is designed to replace older, less secure terminal applications used to log into remote hosts, such as <code class="command">telnet</code> or <code class="command">rsh</code>. A related program called <code class="command">scp</code> replaces older programs designed to copy files between hosts, such as <code class="command">rcp</code>. Because these older applications do not encrypt passwords transmitted between the client and the server, avoid them whenever possible. Using secure methods to log into remote systems decreases the risks for both the client system and the remote host.
</div><div class="para">
Fedora includes the general OpenSSH package (<span class="package">openssh</span>) as well as the OpenSSH server (<span class="package">openssh-server</span>) and client (<span class="package">openssh-clients</span>) packages. Note that the OpenSSH packages require the OpenSSL package (<span class="package">openssl</span>), which installs several important cryptographic libraries, enabling OpenSSH to provide encrypted communications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="id603913" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-why"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</h3></div></div></div><a id="id685010" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Potential intruders have a variety of tools at their disposal enabling them to disrupt, intercept, and re-route network traffic in an effort to gain access to a system. In general terms, these threats can be categorized as follows:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Interception of communication between two systems</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The attacker can be somewhere on the network between the communicating parties, copying any information passed between them. He may intercept and keep the information, or alter the information and send it on to the intended recipient.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
This attack can be performed using a technique known as <em class="firstterm">DNS poisoning</em>, or via so-called <em class="firstterm">IP spoofing</em>. In the first case, the intruder uses a cracked DNS server to point client systems to a maliciously duplicated host. In the second case, the intruder sends falsified network packets that appear to be from a trusted host.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Both techniques intercept potentially sensitive information and, if the interception is made for hostile reasons, the results can be disastrous. If SSH is used for remote shell login and file copying, these security threats can be greatly diminished. This is because the SSH client and server use digital signatures to verify their identity. Additionally, all communication between the client and server systems is encrypted. Attempts to spoof the identity of either side of a communication does not work, since each packet is encrypted using a key known only by the local and remote systems.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id471552" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id471564" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id715839" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id715851" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The SSH protocol provides the following safeguards:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">No one can pose as the intended server</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
After an initial connection, the client can verify that it is connecting to the same server it had connected to previously.
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@
The OpenSSH server and client can be configured to create a tunnel similar to a virtual private network for traffic between server and client machines.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">It supports the Kerberos authentication</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
OpenSSH servers and clients can be configured to authenticate using the <acronym class="acronym">GSSAPI</acronym> (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface) implementation of the Kerberos network authentication protocol.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="id606284" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606296" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-versions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</h3></div></div></div><a id="id561862" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id561874" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Two varieties of SSH currently exist: version 1, and newer version 2. The OpenSSH suite under Fedora uses SSH version 2, which has an enhanced key exchange algorithm not vulnerable to the known exploit in version 1. However, for compatibility reasons, the OpenSSH suite does support version 1 connections as well.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using SSH version 1</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To ensure maximum security for your connection, it is recommended that only SSH version 2-compatible servers and clients are used whenever possible.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="id481425" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-conn"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</h3></div></div></div><a id="id684862" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following series of events help protect the integrity of SSH communication between two hosts.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A cryptographic handshake is made so that the client can verify that it is communicating with the correct server.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
The client authenticates itself to the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The remote client interacts with the remote host over the encrypted connection.
- </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">9.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="id470835" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">9.1.4.1. Transport Layer</h4></div></div></div><a id="id618749" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary role of the transport layer is to facilitate safe and secure communication between the two hosts at the time of authentication and during subsequent communication. The transport layer accomplishes this by handling the encryption and decryption of data, and by providing integrity protection of data packets as they are sent and received. The transport layer also provides compression, speeding the transfer of information.
</div><div class="para">
Once an SSH client contacts a server, key information is exchanged so that the two systems can correctly construct the transport layer. The following steps occur during this exchange:
@@ -79,18 +79,18 @@
SSH is designed to work with almost any kind of public key algorithm or encoding format. After an initial key exchange creates a hash value used for exchanges and a shared secret value, the two systems immediately begin calculating new keys and algorithms to protect authentication and future data sent over the connection.
</div><div class="para">
After a certain amount of data has been transmitted using a given key and algorithm (the exact amount depends on the SSH implementation), another key exchange occurs, generating another set of hash values and a new shared secret value. Even if an attacker is able to determine the hash and shared secret value, this information is only useful for a limited period of time.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">9.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="id574700" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">9.1.4.2. Authentication</h4></div></div></div><a id="id682034" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Once the transport layer has constructed a secure tunnel to pass information between the two systems, the server tells the client the different authentication methods supported, such as using a private key-encoded signature or typing a password. The client then tries to authenticate itself to the server using one of these supported methods.
</div><div class="para">
SSH servers and clients can be configured to allow different types of authentication, which gives each side the optimal amount of control. The server can decide which encryption methods it supports based on its security model, and the client can choose the order of authentication methods to attempt from the available options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection">9.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="id574734" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><sup>[<a id="id493888" href="#ftn.id493888" class="footnote">2</a>]</sup>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-ssh-protocol-connection">9.1.4.3. Channels</h4></div></div></div><a id="id700867" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called <em class="firstterm">multiplexing</em><sup>[<a id="id700889" href="#ftn.id700889" class="footnote">2</a>]</sup>. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
</div><div class="para">
Both clients and servers can create a new channel. Each channel is then assigned a different number on each end of the connection. When the client attempts to open a new channel, the clients sends the channel number along with the request. This information is stored by the server and is used to direct communication to that channel. This is done so that different types of sessions do not affect one another and so that when a given session ends, its channel can be closed without disrupting the primary SSH connection.
</div><div class="para">
Channels also support <em class="firstterm">flow-control</em>, which allows them to send and receive data in an orderly fashion. In this way, data is not sent over the channel until the client receives a message that the channel is open.
</div><div class="para">
The client and server negotiate the characteristics of each channel automatically, depending on the type of service the client requests and the way the user is connected to the network. This allows great flexibility in handling different types of remote connections without having to change the basic infrastructure of the protocol.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr /><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id493888" href="#id493888" class="para">2</a>] </sup>
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br /><hr /><div class="footnote"><div class="para"><sup>[<a id="ftn.id700889" href="#id700889" class="para">2</a>] </sup>
A multiplexed connection consists of several signals being sent over a shared, common medium. With SSH, different channels are sent over a common secure connection.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html"><strong>Prev</strong>8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong>9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-PackageKit.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-PackageKit.html
index 508b724..1044b1e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-PackageKit.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-PackageKit.html
@@ -7,27 +7,27 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="4.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-PackageKit" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. PackageKit</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html#sec-R
efreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id570336" class="indexterm"></a
><a id="id508061" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596134" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id510577" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id532919" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id507364" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id576337" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567095" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592069" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id564542" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="4.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-PackageKit" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 5. PackageKit</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html#sec-R
efreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id681173" class="indexterm"></a
><a id="id568978" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642255" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id588862" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id568125" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584234" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646930" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id562486" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id643001" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id556855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora provides <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> for viewing, managing, updating, installing and uninstalling packages compatible with your system. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> consists of several graphical interfaces that can be opened from the GNOME panel menu, or from the Notification Area when <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> alerts you that updates are available. For more information on <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit's</strong></span> architecture and available front ends, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">Section 5.3, “PackageKit Architecture”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</h2></div></div></div><a id="id518148" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id518164" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</h2></div></div></div><a id="id639670" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id639686" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can open <span class="application"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> by clicking <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Update</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or running the <code class="command">gpk-update-viewer</code> command at the shell prompt. In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> window, all available updates are listed along with the names of the packages being updated (minus the <code class="filename">.rpm</code> suffix, but including the CPU architecture), a short summary of the package, and, usually, short descriptions of the changes the update provides. Any updates you do not wish to install can be de-selected here by unchecking the checkbox corresponding to the update.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-software_update"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/software-update.png" alt="Installing updates with Software Update" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
installing 56 updates with PackageKit's software update window
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.1. Installing updates with Software Update</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The updates presented in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> window only represent the currently-installed packages on your system for which updates are available;
- <a id="id573078" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id573093" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id567696" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id567712" class="indexterm"></a>
dependencies of those packages, whether they are existing packages on your system or new ones, are not shown until you click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Install Updates</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
- <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> <a id="id573118" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id513017" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id513028" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> <a id="id567736" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id644614" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id644625" class="indexterm"></a>
utilizes the fine-grained user authentication
- <a id="id513036" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id644633" class="indexterm"></a>
capabilities provided by the <span class="application"><strong>PolicyKit</strong></span> toolkit whenever you request it to make changes to the system. Whenever you instruct <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to update, install or remove packages, you will be prompted to enter the superuser password before changes are made to the system.
</div><div class="para">
If you instruct <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to update the <code class="filename">kernel</code> package, then it will prompt you after installation, asking you whether you want to reboot the system and thereby boot into the newly-installed kernel.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</h3></div></div></div><a id="id584676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</h3></div></div></div><a id="id584919" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu opens the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Update Preferences</strong></span> window. The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Update Settings</strong></span> tab allows you to define the interval at which <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> checks for package updates, as well as whether or not to automatically install all updates or only security updates. Leaving the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Check for updates when using mobile broadband</strong></span> box unchecked is handy for avoiding extraneous bandwidth usage when using a wireless connection on which you are charged for the amount of data you download.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-Software_Update_Preferences"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/software-update-preferences.png" alt="Setting PackageKit's update-checking interval" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Setting the update-checking interval for PackageKit
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
To select which package repositories to use to install software updates, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, and click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> tab of the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Update Preferences</strong></span> window.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-Software_Update_Software_Sources"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/software-update-software-sources.png" alt="Setting PackageKit's software sources" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Setting the software sources for PackageKit
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.3. Setting PackageKit's software sources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id605280" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id605292" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.3. Setting PackageKit's software sources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id614139" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614150" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> refers to <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories as software sources. It obtains all packages from enabled software sources.The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> tab shows the repository name, as written on the <code class="computeroutput">name=<em class="replaceable"><code>My Repository Name</code></em></code> field of all [<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>] sections in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file, and in all <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
Entries which are checked in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enabled</strong></span> column indicate that the corresponding repository will be used to locate packages to satisfy all update and installation requests (including dependency resolution). The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enabled</strong></span> column corresponds to the <code class="computeroutput">enabled=<em class="replaceable"><code><1 or 0></code></em></code> field in [<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>] sections. Checking an unchecked box enables the Yum repository, and unchecking it disables it. Performing either function causes <span class="application"><strong>PolicyKit</strong></span> to prompt for superuser authentication to enable or disable the repository. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> actually inserts the <code class="literal">enabled=<em class="replaceable"><code><1 or 0></code></em></code> line into the correct [<em class="replace
able"><code>repository</code></em>] section if it does not exist, or changes the value if it does. This means that enabling or disabling a repository through the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span> window causes that change to persist after closing the window or rebooting the system. The ability to quickly enable and disable repositories based on our needs is a highly-convenient feature of <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-RPM.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-RPM.html
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@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix A. RPM</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix B. RPM</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html" title="23.3.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><str
ong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="id631015" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id631009" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html" title="A.4. Notes for Administrators" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a a
ccesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-RPM" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">RPM</h1></div></div></div><a id="id730282" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id730276" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">RPM Package Manager</em> (RPM) is an open packaging system
- <a id="id630996" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id730263" class="indexterm"></a>
, which runs on Fedora as well as other Linux and UNIX systems. Red Hat, Inc. and the Fedora Project encourage other vendors to use RPM for their own products. RPM is distributed under the terms of the <em class="firstterm">GPL</em> (<em class="firstterm">GNU General Public License</em>).
</div><div class="para">
The RPM Package Manager only works with packages built to work with the <span class="emphasis"><em>RPM format</em></span>. RPM is itself provided as a pre-installed <span class="package">rpm</span> package. For the end user, RPM makes system updates easy. Installing, uninstalling and upgrading RPM packages can be accomplished with short commands. RPM maintains a database of installed packages and their files, so you can invoke powerful queries and verifications on your system.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
The RPM package format has been improved for Fedora 16. RPM packages are now compressed using the XZ lossless data compression format, which has the benefit of greater compression and less CPU usage during decompression, and support multiple strong hash algorithms, such as SHA-256, for package signing and verification.
</div><div class="warning" id="warning-Use_Yum_Instead_of_RPM_Whenever_Possible"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Use Yum Instead of RPM Whenever Possible</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
For most package management tasks, the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> package manager offers equal and often greater capabilities and utility than RPM
- <a id="id698946" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id699341" class="indexterm"></a>
. <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> also performs and tracks complicated system dependency resolution, and will complain and force system integrity checks if you use RPM as well to install and remove packages. For these reasons, it is highly recommended that you use <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> instead of RPM whenever possible to perform package management tasks. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-yum.html">Chapter 4, <em>Yum</em></a>.
</div><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> GUI application, which uses <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> as its back end, to manage your system's packages. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-PackageKit.html">Chapter 5, <em>PackageKit</em></a> for details.
@@ -27,28 +27,28 @@
During upgrades, RPM handles configuration files carefully, so that you never lose your customizations—something that you cannot accomplish with regular <code class="filename">.tar.gz</code> files.
</div><div class="para">
For the developer, RPM allows you to take software source code and package it into source and binary packages for end users.
- <a id="id585716" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id771019" class="indexterm"></a>
This process is quite simple and is driven from a single file and optional patches that you create. This clear delineation between <em class="firstterm">pristine</em> sources and your patches along with build instructions eases the maintenance of the package as new versions of the software are released.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Running rpm commands must be performed as root</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Because RPM makes changes to your system, you must be logged in as root to install, remove, or upgrade an RPM package.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="id699368" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-design"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-design">B.1. RPM Design Goals</h2></div></div></div><a id="id770471" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To understand how to use RPM, it can be helpful to understand the design goals of RPM:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Upgradability
- <a id="id699345" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id770449" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
With RPM, you can upgrade individual components of your system without completely reinstalling. When you get a new release of an operating system based on RPM, such as Fedora, you do not need to reinstall a fresh copy of the operating system your machine (as you might need to with operating systems based on other packaging systems). RPM allows intelligent, fully-automated, in-place upgrades of your system. In addition, configuration files in packages are preserved across upgrades, so you do not lose your customizations. There are no special upgrade files needed to upgrade a package because the same RPM file is used to both install and upgrade the package on your system.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Powerful Querying
- <a id="id649159" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id699475" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
RPM is designed to provide powerful querying options. You can perform searches on your entire database for packages or even just certain files. You can also easily find out what package a file belongs to and from where the package came. The files an RPM package contains are in a compressed archive, with a custom binary header containing useful information about the package and its contents, allowing you to query individual packages quickly and easily.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> System Verification
- <a id="id658427" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id661909" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Another powerful RPM feature is the ability to verify packages. If you are worried that you deleted an important file for some package, you can verify the package. You are then notified of anomalies, if any—at which point you can reinstall the package, if necessary. Any configuration files that you modified are preserved during reinstallation.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Pristine Sources
- <a id="id609358" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id699299" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A crucial design goal was to allow the use of <span class="emphasis"><em>pristine </em></span> software sources, as distributed by the original authors of the software. With RPM, you have the pristine sources along with any patches that were used, plus complete build instructions. This is an important advantage for several reasons. For instance, if a new version of a program is released, you do not necessarily have to start from scratch to get it to compile. You can look at the patch to see what you <span class="emphasis"><em>might</em></span> need to do. All the compiled-in defaults, and all of the changes that were made to get the software to build properly, are easily visible using this technique.
</div><div class="para">
The goal of keeping sources pristine may seem important only for developers, but it results in higher quality software for end users, too.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html"><strong>Prev</strong>23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.2. Using RPM</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.4. Notes for Administrators</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2. Using RPM</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html
index a9bd864..2970e28 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Services_and_Daemons.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="next" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Prev</strong><
/a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-services-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></
span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id576709" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /><link rel="next" href="s1-services-running.html" title="7.2. Running Services" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Prev</strong><
/a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-services-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Services_and_Daemons" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></
span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id586905" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Maintaining security on your system is extremely important, and one approach for this task is to manage access to system services carefully. Your system may need to provide open access to particular services (for example, <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> if you are running a web server). However, if you do not need to provide a service, you should turn it off to minimize your exposure to possible bug exploits.
</div><div class="para">
This chapter covers the configuration of the services to be run when a system is started, and provides information on how to start, stop, and restart the services on the command line using the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the system secure</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When you allow access for new services, always remember that both the firewall and <span class="application"><strong>SELinux</strong></span> need to be configured as well. One of the most common mistakes committed when configuring a new service is neglecting to implement the necessary firewall configuration and SELinux policies to allow access for it. Refer to the Fedora <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em> (see <a class="xref" href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">Section 7.3, “Additional Resources”</a>) for more information.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id568500" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id574837" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-services-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id579876" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id588014" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To allow you to configure which services are started at boot time, Fedora is shipped with the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> command line tool.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the ntsysv and chkconfig utilities</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>ntsysv</strong></span> and <span class="application"><strong>chkconfig</strong></span> utilities to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="16.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html"><st
rong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt
><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-N
et-SNMP-Running.html">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id614940" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id651992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="16.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html"><st
rong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span
></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><spa
n class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><
dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id586744" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610545" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="id471283" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602407" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id504653" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</h2></div></div></div><a id="id603047" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id727007" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id632835" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display a list of current system processes, including processes that are owned by other users, run the <code class="command">ps ax</code> command. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ps ax</code>
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Oct12 0:00 [watchdog/0]
Note that <code class="command">ps</code> always produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what was running when you invoked the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the <code class="command">top</code> command or the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application.
</div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>ps</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id605698" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id497658" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id528336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565959" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">top</code> command displays currently running processes and important information about them including their memory and CPU usage. The list is both real-time and interactive. An example of output from the <code class="command">top</code> command is provided as follows:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">top</code>
top - 18:11:48 up 1 min, 1 user, load average: 0.68, 0.30, 0.11
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Swap: 1015800k total, 0k used, 1015800k free, 189008k cached
<span class="keycap"><strong>q</strong></span>
</td><td>
Exit the utility.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id482474" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600216" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id658097" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658106" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> tool. To start it, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu or type <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-sysinfo-processes"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-monitor-processes.png" alt="System Monitor - Processes" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Processes tab of the gnome-system-monitor
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_X_Window_System.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_X_Window_System.html
index 4fc1b7a..bdd9109 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_X_Window_System.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_X_Window_System.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix B. The X Window System</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Appendix C. The X Window System</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html" title="A.5.3. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-clients.html" title="B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-
clients.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_X_Window_System" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The X Window System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id601231" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id482351" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id497099" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585954" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id517467" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html" title="B.5.3. Related Books" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-clients.html" title="C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-
clients.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_X_Window_System" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The X Window System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id613778" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id742554" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id697644" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id728136" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id625371" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
While the heart of Fedora is the kernel, for many users, the face of the operating system is the graphical environment provided by the <em class="firstterm">X Window System</em>, also called <em class="firstterm">X</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Other windowing environments have existed in the UNIX world, including some that predate the release of the X Window System in June 1984. Nonetheless, X has been the default graphical environment for most UNIX-like operating systems, including Fedora, for many years.
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@
The graphical environment for Fedora is supplied by the <em class="firstterm">X.Org Foundation</em>, an open source organization created to manage development and strategy for the X Window System and related technologies. X.Org is a large-scale, rapid-developing project with hundreds of developers around the world. It features a wide degree of support for a variety of hardware devices and architectures, and runs on myriad operating systems and platforms.
</div><div class="para">
The X Window System uses a client-server architecture. Its main purpose is to provide network transparent window system, which runs on a wide range of computing and graphics machines. The <em class="firstterm">X server</em> (the <code class="command">Xorg</code> binary) listens for connections from <em class="firstterm">X client</em> applications via a network or local loopback interface. The server communicates with the hardware, such as the video card, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. X client applications exist in the user space, creating a <em class="firstterm">graphical user interface</em> (<em class="firstterm">GUI</em>) for the user and passing user requests to the X server.
- </div><div class="section" id="s1-x-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server">B.1. The X Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id648924" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s1-x-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server">C.1. The X Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id583194" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 16 uses X server version, which includes several video drivers, EXA, and platform support enhancements over the previous release, among others. In addition, this release includes several automatic configuration features for the X server, as well as the generic input driver, <code class="systemitem">evdev</code>, that supports all input devices that the kernel knows about, including most mice and keyboards.
</div><div class="para">
X11R7.1 was the first release to take specific advantage of the modularization of the X Window System. With it, X is split into logically distinct modules, which make it easier for open source developers to contribute code to the system.
</div><div class="para">
In the current release, all libraries, headers, and binaries live under the <code class="filename">/usr/</code> directory. The <code class="filename">/etc/X11/</code> directory contains configuration files for X client and server applications. This includes configuration files for the X server itself, the X display managers, and many other base components.
</div><div class="para">
- The configuration file for the newer Fontconfig-based font architecture is still <code class="filename">/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</code>. For more information on configuring and adding fonts, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Section B.4, “Fonts”</a>.
+ The configuration file for the newer Fontconfig-based font architecture is still <code class="filename">/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</code>. For more information on configuring and adding fonts, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Section C.4, “Fonts”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Because the X server performs advanced tasks on a wide array of hardware, it requires detailed information about the hardware it works on. The X server is able to automatically detect most of the hardware that it runs on and configure itself accordingly. Alternatively, hardware can be manually specified in configuration files.
</div><div class="para">
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux system installer, Anaconda, installs and configures X automatically, unless the X packages are not selected for installation. If there are any changes to the monitor, video card or other devices managed by the X server, most of the time, X detects and reconfigures these changes automatically. In rare cases, X must be reconfigured manually.
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+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.5.3. Related Books</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-clients.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html
index 7f651a5..d13adc6 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html" title="B.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html" title="C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a acce
sskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The sysconfig Directory</h1></div></div></div><a id="id603096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595838" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html" title="C.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html" title="D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a acce
sskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The sysconfig Directory</h1></div></div></div><a id="id730885" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id641369" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This appendix outlines some of the files and directories found in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory, their function, and their contents. The information in this appendix is not intended to be complete, as many of these files have a variety of options that are only used in very specific or rare circumstances.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The content of the /etc/sysconfig/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The actual content of your <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory depends on the programs you have installed on your machine. To find the name of the package the configuration file belongs to, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">yum provides /etc/sysconfig/<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> </code>
</pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-files">C.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id560643" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-files">D.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id684084" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following sections offer descriptions of files normally found in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">C.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </h3></div></div></div><a id="id495854" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">D.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </h3></div></div></div><a id="id654513" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/arpwatch</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">arpwatch</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">arpwatch</code> daemon. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u arpwatch -e root -s 'root (Arpwatch)'"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig">C.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </h3></div></div></div><a id="id485261" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u arpwatch -e root -s 'root (Arpwatch)'"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-authconfig">D.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </h3></div></div></div><a id="id738771" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/authconfig</code> file sets the authorization to be used on the host. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">USEMKHOMEDIR=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) creating a home directory for a user on the first login. For example:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) using the Hesoid name service. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">USEHESIOD=no</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html">Chapter 8, <em>Configuring Authentication</em></a> for more information on this topic.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs">C.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </h3></div></div></div><a id="id698068" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-autofs">D.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </h3></div></div></div><a id="id573374" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/autofs</code> file defines custom options for the automatic mounting of devices. This file controls the operation of the automount daemons, which automatically mount file systems when you use them and unmount them after a period of inactivity. File systems can include network file systems, CD-ROM drives, diskettes, and other media.
</div><div class="para">
By default, it contains the following options:
@@ -104,19 +104,19 @@
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) using the autofs miscellaneous device. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">USE_MISC_DEVICE="yes"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the LDAP daemon. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS=""</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-clock"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-clock">C.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </h3></div></div></div><a id="id503362" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS=""</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-clock"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-clock">D.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </h3></div></div></div><a id="id783208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/clock</code> file controls the interpretation of values read from the system hardware clock. It is used by the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool, and should not be edited by hand. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">ZONE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The time zone file under <code class="filename">/usr/share/zoneinfo</code> that <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code> is a copy of. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">ZONE="Europe/Prague"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
- Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Section 2.1, “Date and Time Configuration Tool”</a> for more information on the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool and its usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">C.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id503458" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Section 2.1, “Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool”</a> for more information on the <span class="application"><strong>Date and Time</strong></span> configuration tool and its usage.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">D.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id769607" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">dhcpd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">DHCPDARGS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">dhcpd</code> daemon. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">DHCPDARGS=</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html">Chapter 10, <em>DHCP Servers</em></a> for more information on DHCP and its usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall">C.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </h3></div></div></div><a id="id678067" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-firewall">D.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </h3></div></div></div><a id="id769693" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/firstboot</code> file defines whether to run the <code class="command">firstboot</code> utility. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">RUN_FIRSTBOOT=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">YES</code>) or disable (<code class="option">NO</code>) running the <code class="command">firstboot</code> program. For example:
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>You can run the firstboot program again</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To start the <code class="command">firstboot</code> program the next time the system boots, change the value of <code class="command">RUN_FIRSTBOOT</code> option to <code class="option">YES</code>, and type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">systemctl enable firstboot.service</code>
-</pre></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n">C.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+</pre></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-i18n">D.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/i18n</code> configuration file defines the default language, any supported languages, and the default system font. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">LANG=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The default language. For example:
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
A colon-separated list of supported languages. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SUPPORTED="en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SYSFONT=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The default system font. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-init"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-init">C.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </h3></div></div></div><a id="id694786" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-init"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-init">D.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </h3></div></div></div><a id="id572950" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/init</code> file controls how the system appears and functions during the boot process. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">BOOTUP=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The bootup style. The value has to be either <code class="option">color</code> (the standard color boot display), <code class="option">verbose</code> (an old style display which provides more information), or anything else for the new style display, but without ANSI formatting. For example:
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
The list of active consoles. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">ACTIVE_CONSOLES=/dev/tty[1-6]</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SINGLE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The single-user mode type. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> has to be either <code class="option">/sbin/sulogin</code> (a user will be prompted for a password to log in), or <code class="option">/sbin/sushell</code> (the user will be logged in directly). For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SINGLE=/sbin/sushell</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">C.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697899" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SINGLE=/sbin/sushell</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">D.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </h3></div></div></div><a id="id572125" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config</code> file stores information used by the kernel to set up IPv6 packet filtering at boot time or whenever the <code class="command">ip6tables</code> service is started. Note that you should not modify it unless you are familiar with <code class="command">ip6tables</code> rules. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">IP6TABLES_MODULES=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A space-separated list of helpers to be loaded after the firewall rules are applied. For example:
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">service ip6tables save</code>
</pre><div class="para">
This will add the rules to <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables</code>. Once this file exists, any firewall rules saved in it persist through a system reboot or a service restart.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd">C.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </h3></div></div></div><a id="id694377" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-kybd">D.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </h3></div></div></div><a id="id825604" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/keyboard</code> file controls the behavior of the keyboard. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">KEYTABLE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The name of a keytable file. The files that can be used as keytables start in the <code class="filename">/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/</code> directory, and branch into different keyboard layouts from there, all labeled <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>.kmap.gz</code>. The first file name that matches the <code class="option">KEYTABLE</code> setting is used. For example:
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
The keyboard layout. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">LAYOUT="us"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">KEYBOARDTYPE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The keyboard type. Allowed values are <code class="option">pc</code> (a PS/2 keyboard), or <code class="option">sun</code> (a Sun keyboard). For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">KEYBOARDTYPE="pc"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap">C.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </h3></div></div></div><a id="id694554" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">KEYBOARDTYPE="pc"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ldap">D.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </h3></div></div></div><a id="id825783" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ldap</code> file holds the basic configuration for the LDAP server. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SLAPD_OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">slapd</code> daemon. For example:
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
The parameters to be passed to <code class="command">ulimit</code> before the <code class="command">slapd</code> daemon is started. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SLAPD_ULIMIT_SETTINGS=""</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">Section 14.1, “OpenLDAP”</a> for more information on LDAP and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-named"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-named">C.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697534" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-named"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-named">D.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </h3></div></div></div><a id="id826110" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/named</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">named</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">ROOTDIR=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The chroot environment under which the <code class="command">named</code> daemon runs. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> has to be a full directory path. For example:
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
The keytab file name. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">KEYTAB_FILE="/etc/named.keytab"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-BIND.html">Section 11.2, “BIND”</a> for more information on the BIND DNS server and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-network"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-network">C.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697702" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-network"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-network">D.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </h3></div></div></div><a id="id750362" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code> file is used to specify information about the desired network configuration. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">NETWORKING=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) the networking. For example:
@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@
The IP address of the network's gateway. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">GATEWAY=192.168.1.0</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Avoid using custom init scripts</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Do not use custom init scripts to configure network settings. When performing a post-boot network service restart, custom init scripts configuring network settings that are run outside of the network init script lead to unpredictable results.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd">C.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id753311" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-ntpd">D.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id750511" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/ntpd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">ntpd</code>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
- Refer to <a class="xref" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Section 2.2.2, “Configuring the Network Time Protocol”</a> for more information on how to configure the <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga">C.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </h3></div></div></div><a id="id753401" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Refer to <a class="xref" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Section 2.2.3, “Configuring the Network Time Protocol”</a> for more information on how to configure the <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-quagga">D.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </h3></div></div></div><a id="id750601" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/quagga</code> file holds the basic configuration for Quagga daemons. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">QCONFDIR=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The directory with the configuration files for Quagga daemons. For example:
@@ -265,11 +265,11 @@
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">watchquagga</code> daemon. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">WATCH_OPTS="-Az -b_ -r/sbin/service_%s_restart -s/sbin/service_%s_start -k/sbin/service_%s_stop"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">WATCH_DAEMONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A space separated list of monitored daemons. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd">C.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id625730" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">WATCH_DAEMONS="zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-radvd">D.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id572738" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/radvd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">radvd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">OPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">radvd</code> daemon. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u radvd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-samba">C.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </h3></div></div></div><a id="id625809" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">OPTIONS="-u radvd"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-samba"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-samba">D.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </h3></div></div></div><a id="id572816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/samba</code> file is used to pass arguments to the Samba daemons at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SMBDOPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">smbd</code>. For example:
@@ -279,13 +279,13 @@
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">winbindd</code>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">WINBINDOPTIONS=""</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">Section 15.1, “Samba”</a> for more information on Samba and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux">C.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697176" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-selinux">D.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </h3></div></div></div><a id="id765688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/selinux</code> file contains the basic configuration options for SELinux. It is a symbolic link to <code class="filename">/etc/selinux/config</code>, and by default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SELINUX=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The security policy. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value </code></em> can be either <code class="option">enforcing</code> (the security policy is always enforced), <code class="option">permissive</code> (instead of enforcing the policy, appropriate warnings are displayed), or <code class="option">disabled</code> (no policy is used). For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SELINUX=enforcing</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SELINUXTYPE=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The protection type. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> can be either <code class="option">targeted</code> (the targeted processes are protected), or <code class="option">mls</code> (the Multi Level Security protection). For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SELINUXTYPE=targeted</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail">C.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697305" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SELINUXTYPE=targeted</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-sendmail">D.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </h3></div></div></div><a id="id765818" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/sendmail</code> is used to set the default values for the <span class="application"><strong>Sendmail</strong></span> application. By default, it contains the following values:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">DAEMON=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">yes</code>) or disable (<code class="option">no</code>) running <code class="command">sendmail</code> as a daemon. For example:
@@ -293,13 +293,13 @@
The interval at which the messages are to be processed. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">QUEUE=1h</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Section 13.3.2, “Sendmail”</a> for more information on Sendmail and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd">C.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </h3></div></div></div><a id="id697427" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-spamd">D.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </h3></div></div></div><a id="id765943" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/spamassassin</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">spamd</code> daemon (a daemonized version of <span class="application"><strong>Spamassassin</strong></span>) at boot time. By default, it contains the following option:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SPAMDOPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">spamd</code> daemon. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SPAMDOPTIONS="-d -c -m5 -H"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Section 13.4.2.6, “Spam Filters”</a> for more information on Spamassassin and its configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-squid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-squid">C.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </h3></div></div></div><a id="id753549" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-squid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-squid">D.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </h3></div></div></div><a id="id766036" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/squid</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">squid</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SQUID_OPTS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to the <code class="command">squid</code> daemon. For example:
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
The time to wait for <code class="command">squid</code> daemon to shut down. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">SQUID_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT=100</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">SQUID_CONF=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The default configuration file. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">SQUID_CONF="/etc/squid/squid.conf"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu">C.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </h3></div></div></div><a id="id753688" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">SQUID_CONF="/etc/squid/squid.conf"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-rcu">D.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </h3></div></div></div><a id="id796045" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/system-config-users</code> file is the configuration file for the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> utility, and should not be edited by hand. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">FILTER=<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">true</code>) or disable (<code class="option">false</code>) filtering of system users. For example:
@@ -319,13 +319,13 @@
A boolean to enable (<code class="option">true</code>) or disable (<code class="option">false</code>) using the same UID and GID for newly added users when possible. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">PREFER_SAME_UID_GID=true</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-users-configui.html">Section 3.3, “Using the User Manager Tool”</a> for more information on <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> and its usage.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers">C.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </h3></div></div></div><a id="id500266" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-vncservers">D.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </h3></div></div></div><a id="id796250" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/vncservers</code> file configures the way the <em class="firstterm">Virtual Network Computing</em> (<em class="firstterm">VNC</em>) server starts up. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">VNCSERVERS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A list of space separated <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> </code> pairs. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">VNCSERVERS="2:myusername"</pre></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">VNCSERVERARGS[<em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em>]=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional arguments to be passed to the VNC server running on the specified <em class="replaceable"><code>display</code></em>. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd">C.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id500391" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">VNCSERVERARGS[2]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost"</pre></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-xinetd">D.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </h3></div></div></div><a id="id796376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/xinetd</code> file is used to pass arguments to the <code class="command">xinetd</code> daemon at boot time. By default, it contains the following options:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="option">EXTRAOPTIONS=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> </code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Additional options to be passed to <code class="command">xinetd</code>. For example:
@@ -333,4 +333,4 @@
The locale information to be passed to every service started by <code class="command">xinetd</code>. Note that to remove locale information from the <code class="command">xinetd</code> environment, you can use an empty string (<code class="option">""</code>) or <code class="option">none</code>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">XINETD_LANG="en_US"</pre></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure the <code class="command">xinetd</code> services.
- </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.6.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.6.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html
index cd80184..38e3057 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html" title="16.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html" title="17.2. Locating Log Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</s
trong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="applicatio
n"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-adding.html">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">17.6
.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id580735" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id516743" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html" title="Part VI. Monitoring and Automation" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html" title="16.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html" title="17.2. Locating Log Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</s
trong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="applicatio
n"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-adding.html">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">17.6
.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id640972" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585956" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Log files</em> are files that contain messages about the system, including the kernel, services, and applications running on it. There are different log files for different information. For example, there is a default system log file, a log file just for security messages, and a log file for cron tasks.
</div><div class="para">
Log files can be very useful when trying to troubleshoot a problem with the system such as trying to load a kernel driver or when looking for unauthorized login attempts to the system. This chapter discusses where to find log files, how to view log files, and what to look for in log files.
- </div><a id="id627630" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577068" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id636300" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some log files are controlled by a daemon called <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code>. A list of log files maintained by <code class="systemitem">rsyslogd</code> can be found in the <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is an enhanced, multi-threaded syslog daemon which replaced the <code class="command">sysklogd</code> daemon. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> supports the same functionality as <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span> and extends it with enhanced filtering, encryption protected relaying of messages, various configuration options, or support for transportation via the <code class="systemitem">TCP</code> or <code class="systemitem">UDP</code> protocols. Note that <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> is compatible with <span class="application"><strong>sysklogd</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html
index 1a0ddd2..95dc956 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Web_Servers.html
@@ -7,42 +7,42 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html" title="11.2.7. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey=
"n" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Con
figuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id691594" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id691680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Servers.html" title="Part V. Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html" title="11.2.7. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey=
"n" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Web_Servers" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 12. Web Servers</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Con
figuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id763074" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id763160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">HTTP</code> (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) server, or a <em class="firstterm">web server</em>, is a network service that serves content to a client over the web. This typically means web pages, but any other documents can be served as well.
- </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id691638" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id763118" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This section focuses on the <span class="application"><strong>Apache HTTP Server 2.2</strong></span>, a robust, full-featured open source web server developed by the <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Software Foundation</a>, that is included in Fedora 16. It describes the basic configuration of the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, and covers advanced topics such as adding server modules, setting up virtual hosts, or configuring the secure HTTP server.
</div><div class="para">
There are important differences between the Apache HTTP Server 2.2 and version 2.0, and if you are upgrading from a previous release of Fedora, you will need to update the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service configuration accordingly. This section reviews some of the newly added features, outlines important changes, and guides you through the update of older configuration files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id691582" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-features"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</h3></div></div></div><a id="id763061" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server version 2.2 introduces the following enhancements:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id691551" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id691525" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id763030" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id763005" class="indexterm"></a>
Improved caching modules, that is, <code class="systemitem">mod_cache</code> and <code class="systemitem">mod_disk_cache</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id689997" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id761476" class="indexterm"></a>
Support for proxy load balancing, that is, the <code class="systemitem">mod_proxy_balancer</code> module.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Support for large files on 32-bit architectures, allowing the web server to handle files greater than 2GB.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
A new structure for authentication and authorization support, replacing the authentication modules provided in previous versions.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id691387" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id762866" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Since version 2.0, few changes have been made to the default <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service configuration:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id691375" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id691320" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id762855" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id762800" class="indexterm"></a>
The following modules are no longer loaded by default: <code class="systemitem">mod_cern_meta</code> and <code class="systemitem">mod_asis</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <a id="id691311" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id762790" class="indexterm"></a>
The following module is newly loaded by default: <code class="systemitem">mod_ext_filter</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id691274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id762754" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update the configuration files from the Apache HTTP Server version 2.0, take the following steps:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Make sure all module names are correct, since they may have changed. Adjust the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive for each module that has been renamed.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Recompile all third party modules before attempting to load them. This typically means authentication and authorization modules.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- <a id="id691190" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id762670" class="indexterm"></a>
If you use the <code class="systemitem">mod_userdir</code> module, make sure the <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive indicating a directory name (typically <code class="literal">public_html</code>) is provided.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
If you use the Apache HTTP Secure Server, edit the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> to enable the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
This section describes how to start, stop, restart, and check the current status of the Apache HTTP Server. To be able to use the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, make sure you have the <span class="package">httpd</span> installed. You can do so by using the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install httpd</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on the concept of runlevels and how to manage system services in Fedora in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-starting">12.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id691080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-starting">12.1.4.1. Starting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id762559" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To run the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the service to start automatically at the boot time, use the following command:
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the secure server</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If running the Apache HTTP Server as a secure server, a password may be required after the machine boots if using an encrypted private SSL key.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-stopping">12.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690999" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-stopping"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-stopping">12.1.4.2. Stopping the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id762479" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
To prevent the service from starting automatically at the boot time, type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl disable httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-restarting">12.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690929" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-restarting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-restarting">12.1.4.3. Restarting the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id762408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are two different ways to restart the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To restart the service completely, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
This will cause the running <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service to reload the configuration file. Note that any requests being currently processed will use the old configuration.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-status">12.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690784" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-running-status"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-running-status">12.1.4.4. Checking the Service Status</h4></div></div></div><a id="id762264" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check whether the service is running, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl is-active httpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
@@ -95,24 +95,24 @@
</th><th>
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <a id="id690670" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id762150" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>
</td><td>
The main configuration file.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id690629" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id762109" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code>
</td><td>
An auxiliary directory for configuration files that are included in the main configuration file.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Although the default configuration should be suitable for most situations, it is a good idea to become at least familiar with some of the more important configuration options. Note that for any changes to take effect, the web server has to be restarted first. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><a id="id690570" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id762050" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To check the configuration for possible errors, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">service httpd configtest</code></pre><div class="para">
To make the recovery from mistakes easier, it is recommended that you make a copy of the original file before editing it.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">12.1.5.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">12.1.5.1. Common httpd.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id762015" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directives are commonly used in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> configuration file:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id690493" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761973" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Directory></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Directory></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular directory only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Directory <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>>
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id690381" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761861" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfDefine></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IfDefine</code> directive allows you to use certain directives only when a particular parameter is supplied on the command line. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em>>
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
The <em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> can be supplied at a shell prompt using the <code class="option">-D</code><em class="replaceable"><code>parameter</code></em> command line option (for example, <code class="command">httpd -DEnableHome</code>). If the optional exclamation mark (that is, <code class="literal">!</code>) is present, the enclosed directives are used only when the parameter is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> specified.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifdefine"><h6>Example 12.2. Using the <IfDefine> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfDefine EnableHome>
UserDir public_html
-</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id690248" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfDefine></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761728" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><IfModule></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><IfModule></code> directive allows you to use certain directive only when a particular module is loaded. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>module</code></em>>
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-ifmodule"><h6>Example 12.3. Using the <IfModule> directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"><IfModule mod_disk_cache.c>
CacheEnable disk /
CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy
-</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id690151" class="indexterm"></a>
+</IfModule></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761630" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Location></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Location></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to a particular URL only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Location <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em>>
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id690055" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Location></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761535" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><Proxy></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><Proxy></code> directive allows you to apply certain directives to the proxy server only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><Proxy <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>>
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
-</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id689966" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Proxy></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761446" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code> directive allows you apply certain directives to particular virtual hosts only. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><VirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]…>
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@
ServerName penguin.example.com
ErrorLog logs/penguin.example.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/penguin.example.com-access_log common
-</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id689780" class="indexterm"></a>
+</VirtualHost></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id761259" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AccessFileName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AccessFileName</code> directive allows you to specify the file to be used to customize access control information for each directory. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="id689730" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id689704" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><a id="id761209" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id761183" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">.htaccess</code>.
- </div><a id="id689639" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id689649" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id761119" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id761128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, the directive is typically followed by the <code class="literal">Files</code> tag to prevent the files beginning with <code class="filename">.ht</code> from being accessed by web clients. This includes the <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> and <code class="filename">.htpasswd</code> files.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-accessfilename"><h6>Example 12.7. Using the AccessFileName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AccessFileName .htaccess
@@ -212,31 +212,31 @@
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
-</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id679914" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Files></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id751396" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Action</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Action</code> directive allows you to specify a CGI script to be executed when a certain media type is requested. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Action <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, or <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing CGI script, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id689495" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-action"><h6>Example 12.8. Using the Action directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Action image/png /cgi-bin/process-image.cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760974" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddDescription</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddDescription</code> directive allows you to specify a short description to be displayed in server-generated directory listings for a given file. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>" <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em> should be a short text enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> can be a full file name, a file extension, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id689398" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-adddescription"><h6>Example 12.9. Using the AddDescription directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760877" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an encoding type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.gz</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to instruct web browsers to decompress certain file types as they are downloaded.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id689280" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addencoding"><h6>Example 12.10. Using the AddEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760759" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddHandler</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddHandler</code> directive allows you to map certain file extensions to a selected handler. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>handler</code></em> has to be a name of previously defined handler. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cgi</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is typically used to treat files with the <code class="filename">.cgi</code> extension as CGI scripts regardless of the directory they are in. Additionally, it is also commonly used to process server-parsed HTML and image-map files.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id689199" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addhandler"><h6>Example 12.11. Using the AddHandler option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760678" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular file in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -253,34 +253,34 @@
<code class="option">^^BLANKICON^^</code>
</td><td>
Represents a blank line.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688934" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addicon"><h6>Example 12.12. Using the AddIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIcon /icons/text.png .txt README</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760413" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByEncoding</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular encoding type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/compressed.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em> has to be a valid MIME encoding such as <code class="literal">x-compress</code>, <code class="literal">x-gzip</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 12.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688915" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbyencoding"><h6>Example 12.13. Using the AddIconByEncoding directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByEncoding /icons/compressed.png x-compress x-gzip</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760394" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddIconByType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddIconByType</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a particular media type in server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/text.png</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be either a valid MIME type (for example, <code class="literal">text/html</code> or <code class="literal">image/png</code>), or a wildcard expression such as <code class="literal">text/*</code>, <code class="literal">image/*</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 12.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688804" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addiconbytype"><h6>Example 12.14. Using the AddIconByType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddIconByType /icons/video.png video/*</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760284" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddLanguage</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddLanguage</code> directive allows you to associate a file extension with a specific language. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 12.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688704" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addlanguage"><h6>Example 12.15. Using the AddLanguage directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddLanguage cs .cs .cz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760183" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">AddType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AddType</code> directive allows you to define or override the media type for a particular file extension. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AddType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, etc. The <em class="replaceable"><code>extension</code></em> is a case sensitive file extension, and is conventionally written with a leading dot (for example, <code class="literal">.cs</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 12.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688587" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-addtype"><h6>Example 12.16. Using the AddType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id760066" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Alias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Alias</code> directive allows you to refer to files and directories outside the default directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Alias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/images/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="id688511" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id759990" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/icons/</code> alias is created so that the icons from <code class="filename">/var/www/icons/</code> are displayed in server-generated directory listings.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-alias"><h6>Example 12.17. Using the Alias directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Alias /icons/ /var/www/icons/
@@ -289,13 +289,13 @@
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688450" class="indexterm"></a>
+<Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759930" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Allow</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Allow</code> directive allows you to specify which clients have permission to access a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Allow from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 12.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id688369" class="indexterm"></a>
- <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="id688336" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id688301" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allow"><h6>Example 12.18. Using the Allow directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Allow from 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759848" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> </span></dt><dd><a id="id759815" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id759780" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">AllowOverride</code> directive allows you to specify which directives in a <code class="filename">.htaccess</code> file can override the default configuration. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> has to be one of the available grouping options as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#table-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride">Table 12.4, “Available AllowOverride options”</a>.
@@ -331,24 +331,24 @@
<code class="option">Options</code>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>,…</span>]
</td><td>
Allows the use of the <code class="option">Options</code> directive. Additionally, you can provide a comma-separated list of options to customize which options can be set using this directive.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 12.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687988" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-allowoverride"><h6>Example 12.19. Using the AllowOverride directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759468" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">BrowserMatch</code> directive allows you to modify the server behavior based on the client's web browser type. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> is a regular expression to match the User-Agent HTTP header field. The <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> is an environment variable that is set when the header field matches the pattern.
</div><div class="para">
By default, this directive is used to deny connections to specific browsers with known issues, and to disable keepalives and HTTP header flushes for browsers that are known to have problems with these actions.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 12.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687874" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-browsermatch"><h6>Example 12.20. Using the BrowserMatch directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759353" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDefaultExpire</code> option allows you to set how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date or the date of its last modification specified. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">3600</code> (that is, one hour).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 12.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687803" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedefaultexpire"><h6>Example 12.21. Using the CacheDefaultExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDefaultExpire 3600</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759283" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheDisable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheDisable</code> directive allows you to disable caching of certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/files/</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 12.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687721" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachedisable"><h6>Example 12.22. Using the CacheDisable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheDisable /temporary</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759200" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheEnable</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheEnable</code> directive allows you to specify a cache type to be used for certain URLs. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -369,17 +369,17 @@
<code class="option">fd</code>
</td><td>
The file descriptor cache.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 12.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687521" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheenable"><h6>Example 12.23. Using the CacheEnable directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheEnable disk /</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id759001" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheLastModifiedFactor</code> directive allows you to customize how long to cache a document that does not have any expiration date specified, but that provides information about the date of its last modification. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> is a coefficient to be used to multiply the time that passed since the last modification of the document. The default option is <code class="literal">0.1</code> (that is, one tenth).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 12.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687446" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachelastmodifiedfactor"><h6>Example 12.24. Using the CacheLastModifiedFactor directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758925" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheMaxExpire</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum amount of time to cache a document. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">86400</code> (that is, one day).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 12.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687344" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachemaxexpire"><h6>Example 12.25. Using the CacheMaxExpire directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheMaxExpire 86400</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758823" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheNegotiatedDocs</code> directive allows you to enable caching of the documents that were negotiated on the basis of content. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -396,53 +396,53 @@
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td>
Disables caching the content-negotiated documents.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 12.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687169" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cachenegotiateddocs"><h6>Example 12.26. Using the CacheNegotiatedDocs directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheNegotiatedDocs On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758648" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CacheRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CacheRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory to store cache files in. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id687122" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id758602" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/cache/mod_proxy/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 12.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id687062" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-cacheroot"><h6>Example 12.27. Using the CacheRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CacheRoot /var/cache/mod_proxy</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758541" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">CustomLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">CustomLog</code> directive allows you to specify the log file name and the log file format. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="id687014" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></pre><a id="id758494" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and must be relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> has to be either an explicit format string, or a format name that was previously defined using the <code class="option">LogFormat</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 12.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686947" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-customlog"><h6>Example 12.28. Using the CustomLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">CustomLog logs/access_log combined</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758427" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultIcon</code> directive allows you to specify an icon to be displayed for a file in server-generated directory listings when no other icon is associated with it. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing icon file, and must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/icons/unknown.png</code>).
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 12.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686862" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulticon"><h6>Example 12.29. Using the DefaultIcon directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.png</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758342" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DefaultType</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DefaultType</code> directive allows you to specify a media type to be used in case the proper MIME type cannot be determined by the server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>content-type</code></em> has to be a valid MIME type such as <code class="literal">text/html</code>, <code class="literal">image/png</code>, <code class="literal">application/pdf</code>, etc.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 12.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686766" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-defaulttype"><h6>Example 12.30. Using the DefaultType directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DefaultType text/plain</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758246" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Deny</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Deny</code> directive allows you to specify which clients are denied access to a given directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Deny from <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>client</code></em> can be a domain name, an IP address (both full and partial), a <em class="replaceable"><code>network</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>netmask</code></em> pair, or <code class="literal">all</code> for all clients.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 12.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686684" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-deny"><h6>Example 12.31. Using the Deny directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Deny from 192.168.1.1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id758164" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DirectoryIndex</code> directive allows you to specify a document to be served to a client when a directory is requested (that is, when the URL ends with the <code class="literal">/</code> character). It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">index.html</code>, and <code class="filename">index.html.var</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 12.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686472" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-directoryindex"><h6>Example 12.32. Using the DirectoryIndex directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757951" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the main directory from which the content is served. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id686560" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id758039" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/var/www/html/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 12.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686500" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-documentroot"><h6>Example 12.33. Using the DocumentRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DocumentRoot /var/www/html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757979" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorDocument</code> directive allows you to specify a document or a message to be displayed as a response to a particular error. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>error-code</code></em> has to be a valid code such as <code class="literal">403</code> (Forbidden), <code class="literal">404</code> (Not Found), or <code class="literal">500</code> (Internal Server Error). The <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> can be either a URL (both local and external), or a message string enclosed in double quotes (that is, <code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errordocument"><h6>Example 12.34. Using the ErrorDocument directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorDocument 403 "Access Denied"
-ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686384" class="indexterm"></a>
+ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757863" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ErrorLog</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ErrorLog</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the server errors are logged. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id686336" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id757815" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a log file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">logs/error_log</code>
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 12.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686274" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-errorlog"><h6>Example 12.35. Using the ErrorLog directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ErrorLog logs/error_log</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757753" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ExtendedStatus</code> directive allows you to enable detailed server status information. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -459,19 +459,19 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td>
Disables generating the detailed server status.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 12.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686096" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-extendedstatus"><h6>Example 12.36. Using the ExtendedStatus directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ExtendedStatus On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757578" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Group</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Group</code> directive allows you to specify the group under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Group <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX group. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that <code class="option">Group</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 12.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id686011" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-group"><h6>Example 12.37. Using the Group directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Group apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757493" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HeaderName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HeaderName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be prepended to the beginning of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">HEADER.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 12.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id685951" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-headername"><h6>Example 12.38. Using the HeaderName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HeaderName HEADER.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757432" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">HostnameLookups</code> directive allows you to enable automatic resolving of IP addresses. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -494,17 +494,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables resolving the IP address for each connection.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the presence of hostnames is required in server log files, it is often possible to use one of the many log analyzer tools that perform the DNS lookups more efficiently.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 12.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id685802" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-hostnamelookups"><h6>Example 12.39. Using the HostnameLookups directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">HostnameLookups Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757284" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Include</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Include</code> directive allows you to include other configuration files. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="id685766" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">Include <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><a id="id757248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">filename</code> can be an absolute path, a path relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive, or a wildcard expression. All configuration files from the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory are loaded by default.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 12.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id685719" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-include"><h6>Example 12.40. Using the Include directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Include conf.d/*.conf</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757201" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexIgnore</code> directive allows you to specify a list of file names to be omitted from the server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> option can be either a full file name, or a wildcard expression.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 12.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id685644" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexignore"><h6>Example 12.41. Using the IndexIgnore directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id757126" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">IndexOptions</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">IndexOptions</code> directive allows you to customize the behavior of server-generated directory listings. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">XHTML</code>
</td><td>
Enables the use of XHTML 1.0 instead of the default HTML 3.2.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 12.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id685131" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-indexoptions"><h6>Example 12.42. Using the IndexOptions directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id756612" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAlive</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAlive</code> directive allows you to enable persistent connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -628,33 +628,33 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Disables the keep-alive connections.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that when the persistent connections are enabled, on a busy server, the number of child processes can increase rapidly and eventually reach the maximum limit, slowing down the server significantly. To reduce the risk, it is recommended that you set <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> to a low number, and monitor the <code class="filename">/var/log/httpd/logs/error_log</code> log file carefully.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 12.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684973" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalive"><h6>Example 12.43. Using the KeepAlive directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAlive Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id756455" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">KeepAliveTimeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for another request before closing the connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">15</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 12.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684909" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-keepalivetimeout"><h6>Example 12.44. Using the KeepAliveTimeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">KeepAliveTimeout 15</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id756391" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LanguagePriority</code> directive allows you to customize the precedence of languages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>language</code></em> has to be a valid MIME language such as <code class="literal">cs</code>, <code class="literal">en</code>, or <code class="literal">fr</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is especially useful for web servers that serve content in multiple languages based on the client's language settings.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 12.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684836" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-languagepriority"><h6>Example 12.45. Using the LanguagePriority directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LanguagePriority sk cs en</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id756318" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Listen</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>Listen</code></em> directive allows you to specify IP addresses or ports to listen to. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Listen [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em> is optional and unless supplied, the server will accept incoming requests on a given <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> from all IP addresses. Since the <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> is determined automatically from the port number, it can be usually omitted. The default option is to listen to port <code class="literal">80</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that if the server is configured to listen to a port under 1024, only superuser will be able to start the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 12.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684749" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-listen"><h6>Example 12.46. Using the Listen directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Listen 80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id756230" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LoadModule</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive allows you to load a <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Object</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>) module. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id684705" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id684687" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id756187" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id756169" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> has to be a valid identifier of the required module. The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing module file, and must be relative to the directory in which the libraries are placed (that is, <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/</code> on 32-bit and <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/</code> on 64-bit systems by default).
</div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Section 12.1.6, “Working with Modules”</a> for more information on the Apache HTTP Server's DSO support.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 12.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684625" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loadmodule"><h6>Example 12.47. Using the LoadModule directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id756107" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogFormat</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>LogFormat</code></em> directive allows you to specify a log file format. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">%{<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>}</code>
</td><td>
Represents the content of the HTTP header <em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>. The common options include <code class="option">%{Referer}</code> (the URL of the web page that referred the client to the server) and <code class="option">%{User-Agent}</code> (the type of the web browser making the request).
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 12.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684383" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-logformat"><h6>Example 12.48. Using the LogFormat directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id755865" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">LogLevel</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">LogLevel</code> directive allows you to customize the verbosity level of the error log. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -736,12 +736,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">debug</code>
</td><td>
Various debugging messages are logged.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 12.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684165" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-loglevel"><h6>Example 12.49. Using the LogLevel directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LogLevel warn</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id755647" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxKeepAliveRequests</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of requests for a persistent connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server. Note that using <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests. The default option is <code class="option">100</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 12.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id684101" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-maxkeepaliverequests"><h6>Example 12.50. Using the MaxKeepAliveRequests option</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id755583" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">NameVirtualHost</code> directive allows you to specify the IP address and port number for a name-based virtual host. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost <em class="replaceable"><code>ip-address</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Name-based virtual hosting allows one Apache HTTP Server to serve different domains without using multiple IP addresses.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using secure HTTP connections</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Name-based virtual hosts <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> work with non-secure HTTP connections. If using virtual hosts with a secure server, use IP address-based virtual hosts instead.
- </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 12.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683992" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-namevirtualhost"><h6>Example 12.51. Using the NameVirtualHost directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">NameVirtualHost *:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id755473" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Options</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Options</code> directive allows you to specify which server features are available in a particular directory. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Options <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">None</code>
</td><td>
Disables all of the features above.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 12.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683764" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-options"><h6>Example 12.52. Using the Options directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Options Indexes FollowSymLinks</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id755245" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Order</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Order</code> directive allows you to specify the order in which the <code class="option">Allow</code> and <code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Order <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -812,12 +812,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">deny,allow</code>
</td><td>
<code class="option">Deny</code> directives are evaluated first.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 12.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683603" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-order"><h6>Example 12.53. Using the Order directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Order allow,deny</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id755085" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">PidFile</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">PidFile</code> directive allows you to specify a file to which the <em class="firstterm">process ID</em> (<acronym class="acronym">PID</acronym>) of the server is stored. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id683564" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">PidFile <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id755046" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to a pid file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="filename">run/httpd.pid</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 12.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683516" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-pidfile"><h6>Example 12.54. Using the PidFile directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">PidFile run/httpd.pid</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754997" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ProxyRequests</code> directive allows you to enable forward proxy requests. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -834,12 +834,12 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">Off</code>
</td><td>
Disables forward proxy requests.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 12.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683377" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-proxyrequests"><h6>Example 12.55. Using the ProxyRequests directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ProxyRequests On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754859" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ReadmeName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ReadmeName</code> directive allows you to specify a file to be appended to the end of the server-generated directory listing. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em> is a name of the file to look for in the requested directory. By default, the server looks for <code class="filename">README.html</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 12.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683315" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-readmename"><h6>Example 12.56. Using the ReadmeName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ReadmeName README.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754797" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Redirect</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Redirect</code> directive allows you to redirect a client to another URL. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Redirect [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>status</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>url</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -864,14 +864,14 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">gone</code>
</td><td>
Indicates that the requested resource has been removed permanently. The <code class="literal">410</code> (Gone) status is returned to a client.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id683091" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id754573" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that for more advanced redirection techniques, you can use the <code class="systemitem">mod_rewrite</code> module that is part of the Apache HTTP Server installation.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 12.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id683092" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-redirect"><h6>Example 12.57. Using the Redirect directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Redirect permanent /docs http://docs.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754574" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive allows you to specify the location of CGI scripts. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ScriptAlias <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>url-path</code></em> must be relative to the directory specified by the <code class="option">DocumentRoot</code> directive (for example, <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code>). The <em class="replaceable"><code>real-path</code></em> is a full path to a file or directory in the local file system.
- </div><a id="id683040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id754522" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directive is typically followed by the <code class="option">Directory</code> tag with additional permissions to access the target directory. By default, the <code class="literal">/cgi-bin/</code> alias is created so that the scripts located in the <code class="filename">/var/www/cgi-bin/</code> are accessible.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ScriptAlias</code> directive is used for security reasons to prevent CGI scripts from being viewed as ordinary text documents.
@@ -882,26 +882,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
-</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682968" class="indexterm"></a>
+</Directory></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754450" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive allows you to specify the email address of the server administrator to be displayed in server-generated web pages. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin <em class="replaceable"><code>email</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The default option is <code class="literal">root at localhost</code>.
</div><div class="para">
This directive is commonly set to <code class="literal">webmaster@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code>, where <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> is the address of the server. Once set, alias <code class="literal">webmaster</code> to the person responsible for the web server in <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code>, and as superuser, run the <code class="command">newaliases</code> command.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 12.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster at penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682900" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serveradmin"><h6>Example 12.59. Using the ServerAdmin directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerAdmin webmaster at penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754382" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive allows you to specify the hostname and the port number of a web server. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerName <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>[<span class="optional">:<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span>]</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> has to be a <em class="firstterm">fully qualified domain name</em> (<acronym class="acronym">FQDN</acronym>) of the server. The <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em> is optional, but when supplied, it has to match the number specified by the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive.
</div><div class="para">
When using this directive, make sure that the IP address and server name pair are included in the <code class="filename">/etc/hosts</code> file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 12.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682814" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servername"><h6>Example 12.60. Using the ServerName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerName penguin.example.com:80</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754296" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerRoot</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive allows you to specify the directory in which the server operates. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id682781" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></pre><a id="id754263" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> must be a full path to an existing directory in the local file system. The default option is <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 12.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682734" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpd-serverroot"><h6>Example 12.61. Using the ServerRoot directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerRoot /etc/httpd</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754215" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerSignature</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerSignature</code> directive allows you to enable displaying information about the server on server-generated documents. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">EMail</code>
</td><td>
Enables appending the server name, version, and the email address of the system administrator as specified by the <code class="option">ServerAdmin</code> directive to server-generated pages.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 12.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682575" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-serversignature"><h6>Example 12.62. Using the ServerSignature directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerSignature On</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id754057" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ServerTokens</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerTokens</code> directive allows you to customize what information are included in the Server response header. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -957,26 +957,26 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Includes all the information above along with the list of loaded modules.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="para">
Note that for security reasons, it is recommended to reveal as little information about the server as possible.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 12.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682366" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-servertokens"><h6>Example 12.63. Using the ServerTokens directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ServerTokens Prod</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753848" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive allows you to specify the user and group under which the CGI scripts will be run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing user, and the <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em> must be a valid UNIX group.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the CGI scripts should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that in <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> replaces the <code class="option">User</code> and <code class="option">Group</code> directives.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 12.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682279" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-suexecusergroup"><h6>Example 12.64. Using the SuexecUserGroup directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">SuexecUserGroup apache apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753761" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">Timeout</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Timeout</code> directive allows you to specify the amount of time to wait for an event before closing a connection. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">Timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>time</code></em> is specified in seconds. The default option is <code class="literal">60</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 12.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682217" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-timeout"><h6>Example 12.65. Using the Timeout directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">Timeout 60</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753699" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">TypesConfig</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">TypesConfig</code> allows you to specify the location of the MIME types configuration file. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id682185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></pre><a id="id753667" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em> refers to an existing MIME types configuration file, and can be either absolute, or relative to the directory that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerRoot</code> directive (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/</code> by default). The default option is <code class="option">/etc/mime.types</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Note that instead of editing <code class="filename">/etc/mime.types</code>, the recommended way to add MIME type mapping to the Apache HTTP Server is to use the <code class="option">AddType</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 12.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id682115" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-typesconfig"><h6>Example 12.66. Using the TypesConfig directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">TypesConfig /etc/mime.types</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753597" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UseCanonicalName</code> allows you to specify the way the server refers to itself. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -997,17 +997,17 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
<code class="option">DNS</code>
</td><td>
Disables the use of the name that is specified by the <code class="option">ServerName</code> directive. The hostname determined by a reverse DNS lookup is used instead.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 12.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681969" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-usecanonicalname"><h6>Example 12.67. Using the UseCanonicalName directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UseCanonicalName Off</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753451" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">User</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">User</code> directive allows you to specify the user under which the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service will run. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">User <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> has to be an existing UNIX user. The default option is <code class="option">apache</code>.
</div><div class="para">
For security reasons, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service should not be run with <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges. Note that <code class="option">User</code> is no longer supported inside <code class="option"><VirtualHost></code>, and has been replaced by the <code class="option">SuexecUserGroup</code> directive.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 12.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681880" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-user"><h6>Example 12.68. Using the User directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">User apache</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753362" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">UserDir</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">UserDir</code> directive allows you to enable serving content from users' home directories. It takes the following form:
- </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="id681835" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">UserDir <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></pre><a id="id753317" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> can be either a name of the directory to look for in user's home directory (typically <code class="option">public_html</code>), or a valid keyword as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#table-apache-httpdconf-userdir">Table 12.20, “Available UserDir options”</a>. The default option is <code class="option">disabled</code>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Table 12.20. Available UserDir options</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Available UserDir options" border="1"><colgroup><col width="25%" class="option" /><col width="75%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Option
@@ -1028,9 +1028,9 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
All files in this directory must be set accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="example" id="example-apache-httpdconf-userdir"><h6>Example 12.69. Using the UserDir directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">UserDir public_html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-sslconf-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-sslconf-common">12.1.5.2. Common ssl.conf Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of the Apache HTTP Secure Server, and in most cases, they are configured appropriately during the installation. Be careful when changing these settings, as incorrect configuration can lead to security vulnerabilities.
- </div><a id="id681641" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id753123" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directive is commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681612" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id753094" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">SetEnvIf</code> directive allows you to set environment variables based on the headers of incoming connections. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">SetEnvIf <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> [<span class="optional">!</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>[<span class="optional">=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span>]…</pre><div class="para">
@@ -1071,57 +1071,57 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Note that for the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code> file to be present, the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> needs to be installed. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Section 12.1.8, “Setting Up an SSL Server”</a> for more information on how to install and configure an SSL server.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mpm-common"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mpm-common">12.1.5.3. Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Multi-Processing Module</em> (<acronym class="acronym">MPM</acronym>) directives allow you to customize the behavior of a particular MPM specific server-pool. Since its characteristics differ depending on which MPM is used, the directives are embedded in <code class="option">IfModule</code>. By default, the server-pool is defined for both the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> and <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPMs.
- </div><a id="id681349" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id752831" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following MPM directives are commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681324" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752805" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxClients</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxClients</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of simultaneously connected clients to process at one time. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
A high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can improve the performance of the server, although it is not recommended to exceed <code class="literal">256</code> when using the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 12.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681108" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxclients"><h6>Example 12.71. Using the MaxClients directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxClients 256</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752590" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of request a child process can serve before it dies. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Setting the <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> to <code class="literal">0</code> allows unlimited number of requests.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxRequestsPerChild</code> directive is used to prevent long-lived processes from causing memory leaks.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 12.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681190" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxrequestsperchild"><h6>Example 12.72. Using the MaxRequestsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxRequestsPerChild 4000</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752672" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 12.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681119" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxspareservers"><h6>Example 12.73. Using the MaxSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareServers 20</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752601" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MaxSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the maximum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> must be greater than or equal to the sum of <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> and <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code>. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id681031" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-maxsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.74. Using the MaxSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MaxSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752513" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareServers</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare child processes. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Note that a high <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em> can create a heavy processing load on the server. This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">prefork</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 12.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id680980" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minspareservers"><h6>Example 12.75. Using the MinSpareServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareServers 5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752462" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">MinSpareThreads</code> directive allows you to specify the minimum number of spare server threads. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id680920" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-minsparethreads"><h6>Example 12.76. Using the MinSpareThreads directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">MinSpareThreads 75</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752402" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">StartServers</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">StartServers</code> directive allows you to specify the number of child processes to create when the service is started. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">StartServers <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Since the child processes are dynamically created and terminated according to the current traffic load, it is usually not necessary to change this value.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 12.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id680867" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-startservers"><h6>Example 12.77. Using the StartServers directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">StartServers 8</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id752349" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ThreadsPerChild</code> directive allows you to specify the number of threads a child process can create. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild <em class="replaceable"><code>number</code></em></pre><div class="para">
This directive is used by the <code class="systemitem">worker</code> MPM only.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 12.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id680797" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680781" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mpm-threadsperchild"><h6>Example 12.78. Using the ThreadsPerChild directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">ThreadsPerChild 25</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-dso"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id752279" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id752263" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Being a modular application, the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service is distributed along with a number of <em class="firstterm">Dynamic Shared Objects</em> (<acronym class="acronym">DSO</acronym>s), which can be dynamically loaded or unloaded at runtime as necessary. By default, these modules are located in <code class="filename">/usr/lib/httpd/modules/</code> on 32-bit and in <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/</code> on 64-bit systems.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-loading">12.1.6.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id680733" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-loading">12.1.6.1. Loading a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id752215" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a particular DSO module, use the <code class="option">LoadModule</code> directive as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Section 12.1.5.1, “Common httpd.conf Directives”</a>. Note that modules provided by a separate package often have their own configuration file in the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-dso-loading"><h6>Example 12.79. Loading the mod_ssl DSO</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
Once you are finished, restart the web server to reload the configuration. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-writing">12.1.6.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id680672" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-dso-writing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-dso-writing">12.1.6.2. Writing a Module</h4></div></div></div><a id="id752154" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you intend to create a new DSO module, make sure you have the <span class="package">httpd-devel</span> package installed. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install httpd-devel</code></pre><div class="para">
This package contains the include files, the header files, and the <span class="application"><strong>APache eXtenSion</strong></span> (<code class="command">apxs</code>) utility required to compile a module.
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
Once written, you can build the module with the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">apxs -i -a -c <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.c</code></pre><div class="para">
If the build was successful, you should be able to load the module the same way as any other module that is distributed with the Apache HTTP Server.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="id680613" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680602" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</h3></div></div></div><a id="id752095" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id752083" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Apache HTTP Server's built in virtual hosting allows the server to provide different information based on which IP address, hostname, or port is being requested.
</div><div class="para">
To create a name-based virtual host, find the virtual host container provided in <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> as an example, remove the hash sign (that is, <code class="literal">#</code>) from the beginning of each line, and customize the options according to your requirements as shown in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#example-apache-virtualhosts-config">Example 12.80, “Sample virtual host configuration”</a>.
@@ -1147,13 +1147,13 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
If you configure a virtual host to listen on a non-default port, make sure you update the <code class="option">Listen</code> directive in the global settings section of the <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> file accordingly.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To activate a newly created virtual host, the web server has to be restarted first. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a> for more information on how to restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id680486" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680462" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680446" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680434" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680417" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id751968" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751944" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751938" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751915" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751898" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Secure Sockets Layer</em> (<acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym>) is a cryptographic protocol that allows a server and a client to communicate securely. Along with its extended and improved version called <em class="firstterm">Transport Layer Security</em> (<acronym class="acronym">TLS</acronym>), it ensures both privacy and data integrity. The Apache HTTP Server in combination with <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code>, a module that uses the OpenSSL toolkit to provide the SSL/TLS support, is commonly referred to as the <em class="firstterm">SSL server</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Unlike a regular HTTP connection that can be read and possibly modified by anybody who is able to intercept it, the use of <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> prevents any inspection or modification of the transmitted content. This section provides basic information on how to enable this module in the Apache HTTP Server configuration, and guides you through the process of generating private keys and self-signed certificates.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">12.1.8.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id680285" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680343" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">12.1.8.1. An Overview of Certificates and Security</h4></div></div></div><a id="id751767" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751825" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Secure communication is based on the use of keys. In conventional or <em class="firstterm">symmetric cryptography</em>, both ends of the transaction have the same key they can use to decode each other's transmissions. On the other hand, in public or <em class="firstterm">asymmetric cryptography</em>, two keys co-exist: a <em class="firstterm">private key</em> that is kept a secret, and a <em class="firstterm">public key</em> that is usually shared with the public. While the data encoded with the public key can only be decoded with the private key, data encoded with the private key can in turn only be decoded with the public key.
- </div><a id="id680312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680298" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id751793" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751779" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To provide secure communications using SSL, an SSL server must use a digital certificate signed by a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<acronym class="acronym">CA</acronym>). The certificate lists various attributes of the server (that is, the server hostname, the name of the company, its location, etc.), and the signature produced using the CA's private key. This signature ensures that a particular certificate authority has issued the certificate, and that the certificate has not been modified in any way.
</div><div class="para">
When a web browser establishes a new SSL connection, it checks the certificate provided by the web server. If the certificate does not have a signature from a trusted CA, or if the hostname listed in the certificate does not match the hostname used to establish the connection, it refuses to communicate with the server and usually presents a user with an appropriate error message.
@@ -1179,9 +1179,9 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
When setting up an SSL server, you need to generate a certificate request and a private key, and then send the certificate request, proof of the company's identity, and payment to a certificate authority. Once the CA verifies the certificate request and your identity, it will send you a signed certificate you can use with your server. Alternatively, you can create a self-signed certificate that does not contain a CA signature, and thus should be used for testing purposes only.
</div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">12.1.8.2. Enabling the mod_ssl Module</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
If you intend to set up an SSL server, make sure you have the <span class="package">mod_ssl</span> (the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> module) and <span class="package">openssl</span> (the OpenSSL toolkit) packages installed. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="id680130" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install mod_ssl openssl</code></pre><a id="id751612" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This will create the <code class="systemitem">mod_ssl</code> configuration file at <code class="filename">/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf</code>, which is included in the main Apache HTTP Server configuration file by default. For the module to be loaded, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">12.1.8.3. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id680086" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id680057" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">12.1.8.3. Using an Existing Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id751567" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751539" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you have a previously created key and certificate, you can configure the SSL server to use these files instead of generating new ones. There are only two situations where this is not possible:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="emphasis"><em>You are changing the IP address or domain name.</em></span>
@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ ErrorDocument 404 /404-not_found.html</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em>.key</pre><div class="para">
To load the updated configuration, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-apache-mod_ssl-keypair"><h6>Example 12.81. Using a key and certificate from the Red Hat Secure Web Server</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.key /etc/pki/tls/private/penguin.example.com.key</code>
-~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">12.1.8.4. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id679898" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id679884" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">mv /etc/httpd/conf/httpsd.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/penguin.example.com.crt</code></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">12.1.8.4. Generating a New Key and Certificate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id751380" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751366" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to generate a new key and certificate pair, you must to have the <span class="package">crypto-utils</span> package installed in your system. As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, you can install it by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install crypto-utils</code></pre><div class="para">
This package provides a set of tools to generate and manage SSL certificates and private keys, and includes <span class="application"><strong>genkey</strong></span>, the Red Hat Keypair Generation utility that will guide you through the key generation process.
@@ -1265,13 +1265,13 @@ SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/<em class="replaceable"><code>hostnam
Finally, restart the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Section 12.1.4.3, “Restarting the Service”</a>, so that the updated configuration is loaded.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-apache-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about the Apache HTTP Server, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-installed">12.1.9.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id514258" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://localhost/manual/">http://localhost/manual/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-installed">12.1.9.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id570286" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://localhost/manual/">http://localhost/manual/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The official documentation for the Apache HTTP Server with the full description of its directives and available modules. Note that in order to access this documentation, you must have the <span class="package">httpd-manual</span> package installed, and the web server must be running.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man httpd</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">httpd</code> service containing the complete list of its command line options.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man genkey</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for <code class="command">genkey</code> containing the full documentation on its usage.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-web"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-web">12.1.9.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id604087" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-apache-resources-web"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-apache-resources-web">12.1.9.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id719994" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The official website for the Apache HTTP Server with documentation on all the directives and default modules.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.modssl.org/">http://www.modssl.org/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The official website for the <span class="application"><strong>mod_ssl</strong></span> module.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html
index 17ea353..35c1c1f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="22.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="prev
ious"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-
Setting_Module_Parameters.html">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-modul
es-additional-resources-websites.html">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id567831" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id481851" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603748" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html" title="Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="22.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="prev
ious"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-
Setting_Module_Parameters.html">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-modul
es-additional-resources-websites.html">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a id="id645908" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id706926" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id682662" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Linux kernel is modular, which means it can extend its capabilities through the use of dynamically-loaded <em class="firstterm">kernel modules</em>. A kernel module can provide:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
a device driver which adds support for new hardware; or,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install module-init-tools</code>
</pre><div class="para">
For more information on installing packages with Yum, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="id694630" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id622889" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id575404" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</h2></div></div></div><a id="id597825" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565533" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded into the kernel by running the <code class="command">lsmod</code> command, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">
~]$ <code class="command">lsmod</code>
@@ -75,6 +75,6 @@ kvm 253162 1 kvm_intel
the amount of memory it uses; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
the sum total of processes that are using the module and other modules which depend on it, followed by a list of the names of those modules, if there are any. Using this list, you can first unload all the modules depending the module you want to unload. For more information, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Section 22.4, “Unloading a Module”</a>.
- </div></li></ul></div><a id="id577253" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><a id="id736890" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Finally, note that <code class="command">lsmod</code> output is less verbose and considerably easier to read than the content of the <code class="filename">/proc/modules</code> pseudo-file.
</div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Prev</strong>21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong>22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-kdump.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-kdump.html
index b635c75..3abcd75 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-kdump.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-kdump.html
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
This chapter explains how to configure, test, and use the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service in Fedora, and provides a brief overview of how to analyze the resulting core dump using the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> debugging utility.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This section covers two common means of configuring the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service: using the <span class="application"><strong>Kernel Dump Configuration</strong></span> graphical utility, and doing so manually on the command line. It also describes how to test the configuration to verify that everything works as expected.
- </div><a id="id496313" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable IOMMU on Intel chipsets</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id586629" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable IOMMU on Intel chipsets</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
A limitation in the current implementation of the <code class="systemitem">Intel IOMMU</code> driver can occasionally prevent the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service from capturing the core dump image. To use <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> on Intel architectures reliably, it is advised that the IOMMU support is disabled.
</div></div></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To use the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service, you must have the <span class="package">kexec-tools</span> and <span class="package">system-config-kdump</span> packages installed. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install kexec-tools system-config-kdump</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id510684" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id507141" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id613672" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id698500" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <span class="application"><strong>Kernel Dump Configuration</strong></span> utility, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Kernel crash dumps</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">system-config-kdump</code> at a shell prompt. You will be presented with a window as shown in <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration">Figure 23.1, “Basic Settings”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
The utility allows you to configure <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> as well as to enable or disable starting the service at boot time. When you are done, click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> to save the changes. The system reboot will be requested, and unless you are already authenticated, you will be prompted to enter the superuser password.
@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@
The <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">not enough memory</span>”</span> error
</div></div></div><div class="para">
For the information on minimum memory requirements, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Hardware Overview</em> section of the <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Release_Notes/index.html"><em class="citetitle">Fedora 15 Release Notes</em></a>. Note that when the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> crash recovery is enabled, the minimum memory requirements increase by the amount of memory reserved for it. This value is determined by a user, and defaults to 128MB.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">23.1.1.1. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id508938" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">23.1.1.1. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id770944" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> daemon at boot time, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Enable</strong></span> button on the toolbar. This will enable the service for runlevels <code class="literal">2</code>, <code class="literal">3</code>, <code class="literal">4</code>, and <code class="literal">5</code>, and start it for the current session. Similarly, clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Disable</strong></span> button will disable it for all runlevels and stop the service immediately.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on runlevels and configuring services in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">23.1.1.2. The Basic Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id472017" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">23.1.1.2. The Basic Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id723151" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Basic Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to configure the amount of memory that is reserved for the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> kernel. To do so, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Manual kdump memory settings</strong></span> radio button, and click the up and down arrow buttons next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>New kdump Memory</strong></span> field to increase or decrease the value. Notice that the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Usable Memory</strong></span> field changes accordingly showing you the remaining memory that will be available to the system.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration.png" alt="Basic Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Basic Settings</strong></span>
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.1. Basic Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">23.1.1.3. The Target Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id582455" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.1. Basic Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">23.1.1.3. The Target Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id592394" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Target Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to specify the target location for the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump. It can be either stored as a file in a local file system, written directly to a device, or sent over a network using the NFS (Network File System) or SSH (Secure Shell) protocol.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-target_settings"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-target_settings.png" alt="Target Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Target Settings</strong></span>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
To write the dump directly to a device, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Raw device</strong></span> radio button, and choose the desired target device from the pulldown list next to it.
</div><div class="para">
To store the dump to a remote machine, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Network</strong></span> radio button. To use the NFS protocol, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>NFS</strong></span> radio button, and fill the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Server name</strong></span> and <span class="guilabel"><strong>Path to directory</strong></span> fields. To use the SSH protocol, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>SSH</strong></span> radio button, and fill the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Server name</strong></span>, <span class="guilabel"><strong>Path to directory</strong></span>, and <span class="guilabel"><strong>User name</strong></span> fields with the remote server address, target directory, and a valid remote user name respectively. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-OpenSSH.html">Chapter 9, <em>OpenSSH</em></a> for information on how to configure an SSH server, and how to set up a key-based authentication.
- </div><a id="id659731" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id635643" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For a complete list of currently supported targets, see <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#tab-kdump-supported_targets">Table 23.1, “Supported kdump targets”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="tab-kdump-supported_targets"><h6>Table 23.1. Supported kdump targets</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Supported kdump targets" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="type" /><col width="40%" class="supported" /><col width="40%" class="unsupported" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Type
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@
Remote directories accessed using wireless network interfaces.
</td></tr><tr><td>
Multipath-based storages.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id582329" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id697586" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Due to known issue with the <code class="systemitem">hpsa</code> driver, <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> is unable to save the dump to a storage that uses this driver for HP Smart Array Controllers. If this applies to your machine, it is advised that you save the dump to a remote system using the NFS or SSH protocol instead.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">23.1.1.4. The Filtering Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id513680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">23.1.1.4. The Filtering Settings Tab</h4></div></div></div><a id="id720314" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Filtering Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to select the filtering level for the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-filtering_settings"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-filtering_settings.png" alt="Filtering Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Filtering Settings</strong></span>
@@ -101,21 +101,21 @@
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Expert Settings</strong></span> tab enables you to choose which kernel and initial RAM disk to use, as well as to customize the options that are passed to the kernel and the core collector program.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-expert_settings"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/kdump-kernel_dump_configuration-expert_settings.png" alt="Expert Settings" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Expert Settings</strong></span>
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.4. Expert Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id479326" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 23.4. Expert Settings</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id636459" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To use a different initial RAM disk, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Custom initrd</strong></span> radio button, and choose the desired RAM disk from the pulldown list next to it.
- </div><a id="id591042" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id685749" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To capture a different kernel, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Custom kernel</strong></span> radio button, and choose the desired kernel image from the pulldown list on the right.
- </div><a id="id591071" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id704158" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To adjust the list of options that are passed to the kernel at boot time, edit the content of the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Edited</strong></span> text field. Note that you can always revert your changes by clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Refresh</strong></span> button.
- </div><a id="id501220" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id738817" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To choose what steps should be taken when the kernel crash is captured, select the appropriate option from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Default action</strong></span> pulldown list. Available options are <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>mount rootfs and run /sbin/init</strong></span> (the default action), <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>reboot</strong></span> (to reboot the system), <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>shell</strong></span> (to present a user with an interactive shell prompt), <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>halt</strong></span> (to halt the system), and <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>poweroff</strong></span> (to power the system off).
- </div><a id="id594371" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id715762" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To customize the options that are passed to the <code class="command">makedumpfile</code> core collector, edit the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Core collector</strong></span> text field; see <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Section 23.1.2.3, “Configuring the Core Collector”</a> for more information.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-cli"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To perform actions described in this section, you have to be logged in as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. To do so, run the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">23.1.2.1. Configuring the Memory Usage</h4></div></div></div><a id="id610618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">23.1.2.1. Configuring the Memory Usage</h4></div></div></div><a id="id652130" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure the amount of memory that is reserved for the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> kernel, open the <code class="filename">/boot/grub/grub.conf</code> file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, and add the <code class="option">crashkernel=<em class="replaceable"><code><size></code></em>M</code> parameter to the list of kernel options as shown in <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#ex-kdump-configuration-cli-memory-grub">Example 23.1, “A sample /boot/grub/grub.conf file”</a>.
- </div><a id="id672686" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id672706" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id563756" class="indexterm"></a><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-configuration-cli-memory-grub"><h6>Example 23.1. A sample /boot/grub/grub.conf file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"># grub.conf generated by anaconda
+ </div><a id="id557070" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id557089" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id697270" class="indexterm"></a><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-configuration-cli-memory-grub"><h6>Example 23.1. A sample /boot/grub/grub.conf file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"># grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ title Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2.6.32-54.el6.i686)
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-54.el6.i686.img
</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure the system has enough memory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> crash recovery is enabled, the minimum memory requirements increase by the amount of memory reserved for it. This value is determined by a user, and defaults to 128 MB, as lower values proved to be unreliable. For the information on minimum memory requirements, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Hardware Overview</em> section of the <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/Release_Notes/index.html"><em class="citetitle">Fedora 15 Release Notes</em></a>.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">23.1.2.2. Configuring the Target Type</h4></div></div></div><a id="id670618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">23.1.2.2. Configuring the Target Type</h4></div></div></div><a id="id691384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When a kernel crash is captured, the core dump can be either stored as a file in a local file system, written directly to a device, or sent over a network using the NFS (Network File System) or SSH (Secure Shell) protocol. Note that only one of these options can be set at the moment. The default option is to store the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> file in the <code class="filename">/var/crash/</code> directory of the local file system. To change this, open the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, and edit the options as described below.
</div><div class="para">
To change the local directory in which the core dump is to be saved, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#path /var/crash</code> line, and replace the value with a desired directory path. Optionally, if you wish to write the file to a different partition, follow the same procedure with the <code class="literal">#ext4 /dev/sda3</code> line as well, and change both the file system type and the device (a device name, a file system label, and UUID are all supported) accordingly. For example:
@@ -147,17 +147,17 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
To store the dump to a remote machine using the SSH protocol, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#net user at my.server.com</code> line, and replace the value with a valid username and hostname. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">net john at penguin.example.com</pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-OpenSSH.html">Chapter 9, <em>OpenSSH</em></a> for information on how to configure an SSH server, and how to set up a key-based authentication.
- </div><a id="id665798" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id743485" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For a complete list of currently supported targets, see <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#tab-kdump-supported_targets">Table 23.1, “Supported kdump targets”</a>.
- </div><a id="id495058" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id743514" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the hpsa driver for a storage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Due to known issue with the <code class="systemitem">hpsa</code> driver, <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> is unable to save the dump to a storage that uses this driver for HP Smart Array Controllers. If this applies to your machine, it is advised that you save the dump to a remote system using the NFS or SSH protocol instead.
</div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">23.1.2.3. Configuring the Core Collector</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
To reduce the size of the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump file, <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> allows you to specify an external application (that is, a core collector) to compress the data, and optionally leave out all irrelevant information. Currently, the only fully supported core collector is <code class="command">makedumpfile</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To enable the core collector, open the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#core_collector makedumpfile -c --message-level 1 -d 31</code> line, and edit the command line options as described below.
- </div><a id="id617651" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id620503" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To enable the dump file compression, add the <code class="option">-c</code> parameter. For example:
- </div><pre class="screen">core_collector makedumpfile -c</pre><a id="id617682" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">core_collector makedumpfile -c</pre><a id="id577029" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To remove certain pages from the dump, add the <code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> parameter, where <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> is a sum of values of pages you want to omit as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#table-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering-makedumpfile">Table 23.2, “Supported filtering levels”</a>. For example, to remove both zero and free pages, use the following:
</div><pre class="screen">core_collector makedumpfile -d 17 -c</pre><div class="para">
Refer to the manual page for <code class="command">makedumpfile</code> for a complete list of available options.
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">16</code>
</td><td>
Free pages
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">23.1.2.4. Changing the Default Action</h4></div></div></div><a id="id504325" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">23.1.2.4. Changing the Default Action</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690265" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, when the kernel crash is captured, the root file system is mounted, and <code class="command">/sbin/init</code> is run. To change this behavior, open the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file in a text editor such as <span class="application"><strong>vi</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>nano</strong></span>, remove the hash sign (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">#</span>”</span>) from the beginning of the <code class="literal">#default shell</code> line, and replace the value with a desired action as described in <a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html#table-kdump-configuration-cli-action-actions">Table 23.3, “Supported actions”</a>. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">default halt</pre><div class="table" id="table-kdump-configuration-cli-action-actions"><h6>Table 23.3. Supported actions</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Supported actions" border="1"><colgroup><col width="20%" class="option" /><col width="80%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Option
@@ -207,13 +207,13 @@ path /usr/local/cores</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">shell</code>
</td><td>
Run the <span class="application"><strong>msh</strong></span> session from within the initramfs, allowing a user to record the core manually.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">23.1.2.5. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id503586" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">23.1.2.5. Enabling the Service</h4></div></div></div><a id="id770895" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> daemon at boot time, type the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable kdump.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Similarly, typing <code class="command">systemctl disable kdump.service</code> will disable it. To start the service in the current session, use the following command:
- </div><a id="id468612" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start kdump.service</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id657492" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start kdump.service</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on runlevels and configuring services in general, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id560162" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Be careful when using these commands</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id703574" class="indexterm"></a><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Be careful when using these commands</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The commands below will cause the kernel to crash. Use caution when following these steps, and by no means use them on a production machine.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To test the configuration, reboot the system with <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> enabled, and make sure that the service is running (refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-services-running.html">Section 7.2, “Running Services”</a> for more information on how to run a service in Fedora):
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-proc.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-proc.html
index 43943f7..3e73221 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-proc.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-proc.html
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html" title="C.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="D.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-proc" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The proc File System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id493572" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id667819" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html" title="D.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="appendix" id="ch-proc" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">The proc File System</h1></div></div></div><a id="id625037" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id703662" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Linux kernel has two primary functions: to control access to physical devices on the computer and to schedule when and how processes interact with these devices. The <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory (also called the <code class="filename">proc</code> file system) contains a hierarchy of special files which represent the current state of the kernel, allowing applications and users to peer into the kernel's view of the system.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory contains a wealth of information detailing system hardware and any running processes. In addition, some of the files within <code class="filename">/proc/</code> can be manipulated by users and applications to communicate configuration changes to the kernel.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The /proc/ide/ and /proc/pci/ directories</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Later versions of the 2.6 kernel have made the <code class="filename">/proc/ide/</code> and <code class="filename">/proc/pci/</code> directories obsolete. The <code class="command">/proc/ide/</code> file system is now superseded by files in <code class="command">sysfs</code>; to retrieve information on PCI devices, use <code class="command">lspci</code> instead. For more information on <code class="command">sysfs</code> or <code class="command">lspci</code>, refer to their respective <code class="command">man</code> pages.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-virtual"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-virtual">D.1. A Virtual File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id573042" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id496329" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id501767" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-proc-virtual"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-virtual">E.1. A Virtual File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id639118" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id568433" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id773021" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Linux systems store all data as <span class="emphasis"><em>files</em></span>. Most users are familiar with the two primary types of files: text and binary. But the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory contains another type of file called a <em class="firstterm">virtual file</em>. As such, <code class="filename">/proc/</code> is often referred to as a <em class="firstterm">virtual file system</em>.
</div><div class="para">
Virtual files have unique qualities. Most of them are listed as zero bytes in size, but can still contain a large amount of information when viewed. In addition, most of the time and date stamps on virtual files reflect the current time and date, indicative of the fact they are constantly updated.
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
Virtual files such as <code class="filename">/proc/interrupts</code>, <code class="filename">/proc/meminfo</code>, <code class="filename">/proc/mounts</code>, and <code class="filename">/proc/partitions</code> provide an up-to-the-moment glimpse of the system's hardware. Others, like the <code class="filename">/proc/filesystems</code> file and the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory provide system configuration information and interfaces.
</div><div class="para">
For organizational purposes, files containing information on a similar topic are grouped into virtual directories and sub-directories. Process directories contain information about each running process on the system.
- </div><p class="remark"><em><span class="remark"> WAS:: For organizational purposes, files containing information on a similar topic are grouped into virtual directories and sub-directories. For instance, <code class="filename">/proc/ide/</code> contains information for all physical IDE devices. Likewise, process directories contain information about each running process on the system. </span></em></p><div class="section" id="s2-proc-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-viewing">D.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id604009" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id604022" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><p class="remark"><em><span class="remark"> WAS:: For organizational purposes, files containing information on a similar topic are grouped into virtual directories and sub-directories. For instance, <code class="filename">/proc/ide/</code> contains information for all physical IDE devices. Likewise, process directories contain information about each running process on the system. </span></em></p><div class="section" id="s2-proc-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-viewing">E.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id751043" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id751057" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most files within <code class="filename">/proc/</code> files operate similarly to text files, storing useful system and hardware data in human-readable text format. As such, you can use <code class="command">cat</code>, <code class="command">more</code>, or <code class="command">less</code> to view them. For example, to display information about the system's CPU, run <code class="command">cat /proc/cpuinfo</code>. This will return output similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
processor : 0
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ bogomips : 799.53
Some files in <code class="command">/proc/</code> contain information that is not human-readable. To retrieve information from such files, use tools such as <code class="command">lspci</code>, <code class="command">apm</code>, <code class="command">free</code>, and <code class="command">top</code>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Certain files can only be accessed with root privileges</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Some of the virtual files in the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory are readable only by the root user.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-change"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-change">D.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id706893" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id706907" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-change"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-change">E.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id824990" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id825003" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As a general rule, most virtual files within the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory are read-only. However, some can be used to adjust settings in the kernel. This is especially true for files in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory.
</div><div class="para">
To change the value of a virtual file, use the following command:
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ bogomips : 799.53
</div><div class="para">
Other files act as binary or Boolean switches. Typing <code class="command">cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</code> returns either a <code class="computeroutput">0</code> (off or false) or a <code class="computeroutput">1</code> (on or true). A <code class="computeroutput">0</code> indicates that the kernel is not forwarding network packets. To turn packet forwarding on, run <code class="command">echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</code>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The sysctl command</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Another command used to alter settings in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory is <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl</code>. For more information on this command, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Section D.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>
+ Another command used to alter settings in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory is <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl</code>. For more information on this command, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Section E.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>
</div></div></div><div class="para">
- For a listing of some of the kernel configuration files available in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html">Section D.3.9, “ /proc/sys/ ”</a>.
- </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ For a listing of some of the kernel configuration files available in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> subdirectory, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html">Section E.3.9, “ /proc/sys/ ”</a>.
+ </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-yum.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-yum.html
index 00d2737..95fd40c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-yum.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch-yum.html
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="prev" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a
></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="chapter" id="ch-yum" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 4. Yum</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html">4.4.2. Installing Additional Y
um Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> is the The Fedora Project package manager that is able to query for information about packages, fetch packages from repositories, install and uninstall packages using automatic dependency resolution, and update an entire system to the latest available packages. Yum performs automatic dependency resolution on packages you are updating, installing or removing, and thus is able to automatically determine, fetch and install all available dependent packages. Yum can be configured with new, additional repositories, or <em class="firstterm">package sources</em>, and also provides many plug-ins which enhance and extend its capabilities. Yum is able to perform many of the same tasks that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> can; additionally, many of the command line options are similar. Yum enables easy and simple package management on a single machine or on groups of them.
</div><div class="important" id="important-Secure_Package_Management_with_GPG-Signed_Packages"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Secure package management with GPG-signed packages</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Yum provides secure package management by enabling GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard; also known as GnuPG) signature verification on GPG-signed packages to be turned on for all package repositories (i.e. package sources), or for individual repositories. When signature verification is enabled, Yum will refuse to install any packages not GPG-signed with the correct key for that repository. This means that you can trust that the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages you download and install on your system are from a trusted source, such as The Fedora Project, and were not modified during transfer. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">Section 4.3, “Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories”</a> for details on enabling signature-checking with Yum, or <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section A.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for information on working with and verifying GPG-signed <span class="appli
cation"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages in general.
+ Yum provides secure package management by enabling GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard; also known as GnuPG) signature verification on GPG-signed packages to be turned on for all package repositories (i.e. package sources), or for individual repositories. When signature verification is enabled, Yum will refuse to install any packages not GPG-signed with the correct key for that repository. This means that you can trust that the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages you download and install on your system are from a trusted source, such as The Fedora Project, and were not modified during transfer. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">Section 4.3, “Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories”</a> for details on enabling signature-checking with Yum, or <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section B.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for information on working with and verifying GPG-signed <span class="appli
cation"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages in general.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Yum also enables you to easily set up your own repositories of <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> packages for download and installation on other machines.
</div><div class="para">
Learning Yum is a worthwhile investment because it is often the fastest way to perform system administration tasks, and it provides capabilities beyond those provided by the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> graphical package management tools. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-PackageKit.html">Chapter 5, <em>PackageKit</em></a> for details on using <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Note_Yum_and_Superuser_Privileges"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Yum and superuser privileges</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
You must have superuser privileges in order to use <code class="command">yum</code> to install, update or remove packages on your system. All examples in this chapter assume that you have already obtained superuser privileges by using either the <code class="command">su</code> or <code class="command">sudo</code> command.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="id576721" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</h3></div></div></div><a id="id647703" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To see which installed packages on your system have updates available, use the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">check-update</code></pre><div class="para">
For example:
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ yum.noarch 3.2.29-5.fc15 fedora</pre><
<code class="computeroutput">fedora</code> — the repository in which the updated package is located
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
The output also shows us that we can update the kernel (the kernel package), Yum and <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> themselves (the <code class="filename">yum</code> and <code class="filename">rpm</code> packages), as well as their dependencies (such as the <span class="package">kernel-firmware</span>, <span class="package">rpm-libs</span>, and <span class="package">rpm-python</span> packages), all using <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id533096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Updating_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id645406" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can choose to update a single package, multiple packages, or all packages at once. If any dependencies of the package (or packages) you update have updates available themselves, then they are updated too.
- </div><h4> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="id533119" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> Updating a Single Package </h4><a id="id645429" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update a single package, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">update</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
For example, to update the <span class="package">udev</span> package, type:
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ Is this ok [y/N]:</pre><div class="para">
</div></li></ol></div><div class="important" id="important-Important-Updating_and_Installing_Kernels_with_Yum"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Updating and installing kernels with Yum</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
<code class="command">yum</code> always <span class="emphasis"><em>installs</em></span> a new kernel in the same sense that <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> installs a new kernel when you use the command <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code>. Therefore, you do not need to worry about the distinction between <span class="emphasis"><em>installing</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>upgrading</em></span> a kernel package when you use <code class="command">yum</code>: it will do the right thing, regardless of whether you are using the <code class="command">yum update</code> or <code class="command">yum install</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
- When using <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, on the other hand, it is important to use the <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code> command (which installs a new kernel) instead of <code class="command">rpm -u kernel</code> (which <span class="emphasis"><em>replaces</em></span> the current kernel). Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Section A.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for more information on installing/updating kernels with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
- </div></div></div><h4> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="id488424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ When using <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, on the other hand, it is important to use the <code class="command">rpm -i kernel</code> command (which installs a new kernel) instead of <code class="command">rpm -u kernel</code> (which <span class="emphasis"><em>replaces</em></span> the current kernel). Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Section B.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for more information on installing/updating kernels with <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>.
+ </div></div></div><h4> Updating All Packages and Their Dependencies </h4><a id="id607071" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To update all packages and their dependencies, simply enter <code class="command">yum update</code> (without any arguments):
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum update</code></pre><h4> Updating Security-Related Packages </h4><a id="id515381" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515393" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515405" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum update</code></pre><h4> Updating Security-Related Packages </h4><a id="id590139" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590151" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590162" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Discovering which packages have security updates available and then updating those packages quickly and easily is important. Yum provides the plug-in for this purpose. The <span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> plug-in extends the <code class="command">yum</code> command with a set of highly-useful security-centric commands, subcommands and options. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Section 4.4.3, “Plug-in Descriptions”</a> for specific information.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id515447" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, which Yum uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Section A.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id590204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, which Yum uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Section B.2.2, “Installing and Upgrading”</a> for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Part II. Package Management</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong>4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch10s02s03.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch10s02s03.html
index 848dbaf..67cbd61 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch10s02s03.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ch10s02s03.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html" title="10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" /><link rel="prev" href="lease-database.html" title="10.2.2. Lease Database" /><link rel="next" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html" title="10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="lease-database.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
ref="dhcp-relay-agent.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id579347">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id579353" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id579367" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id579380" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592635" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Starting the DHCP server for the first time</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html" title="10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" /><link rel="prev" href="lease-database.html" title="10.2.2. Lease Database" /><link rel="next" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html" title="10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="lease-database.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
ref="dhcp-relay-agent.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id601585">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id601591" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601605" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id708901" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id708919" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Starting the DHCP server for the first time</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When the DHCP server is started for the first time, it fails unless the <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> file exists. Use the command <code class="command">touch /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases</code> to create the file if it does not exist.
</div><div class="para">
If the same server is also running BIND as a DNS server, this step is not necessary, as starting the <code class="command">named</code> service automatically checks for a <code class="filename">dhcpd.leases</code> file.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
By default, the DHCP service does not start at boot time. To configure the daemon to start automatically at boot time, run:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable dhcpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div><a id="id494653" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id494667" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id735789" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id687036" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If more than one network interface is attached to the system, but the DHCP server should only be started on one of the interfaces, configure the DHCP server to start only on that device. In <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code>, add the name of the interface to the list of <code class="command">DHCPDARGS</code>:
</div><pre class="programlisting"># Command line options here
DHCPDARGS=eth0</pre><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html
index e6a0014..54fc4d6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ ipauser01:x:937315651:937315651:ipauser01:/home/ipauser01:/bin/sh
This option is only used when the <code class="option">id_provider</code> option is set to <code class="literal">proxy</code>, and specifies which existing NSS library to proxy identity requests through.
</div><div class="para">
This option has no default value. You need to manually specify an existing library to take advantage of this option. For example, set this value to <code class="literal">nis</code> to use the existing <code class="filename">libnss_nis.so</code> file.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">8.2.5.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id483951" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">8.2.5.2. Configuring an LDAP Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id703233" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An LDAP domain is one where the <code class="option">id_provider</code> option is set to <code class="literal">ldap</code> (<code class="option">id_provider = ldap</code>). Such a domain requires a running LDAP server against which to authenticate. This can be an open source LDAP server such as OpenLDAP or Microsoft Active Directory. SSSD currently supports Microsoft Active Directory 2003 (+Services for UNIX) and Active Directory 2008 (+Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications). In all cases, the client configuration is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-How_to_Authenticate_Against_an_LDAP_Server"><h5 class="formalpara">How to Authenticate Against an LDAP Server</h5>
SSSD does not support authentication over an unencrypted channel. Consequently, if you want to authenticate against an LDAP server, either <code class="systemitem">TLS/SSL</code> or <code class="systemitem">LDAPS</code> is required. If the LDAP server is used only as an identity provider, an encrypted channel is not needed.
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ ldap_tls_cacert = /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
When creating a certificate through the <span class="application"><strong>certutil</strong></span> utility provided by the <span class="package">nss-utils</span> package, note that <span class="application"><strong>certutil</strong></span> supports <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> subject alternative names for certificate creation only.
</div><div class="para">
It is advisable to use a Certificate Authority to issue your certificate. Consider using the Red Hat Certificate System; for more information on managing subject names and subject alternative names in your certificate, refer to the <a href="http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Certificate_System/8.0/html/Admin_Guide/Managing_Subject_Names_and_Subject_Alternative_Names.html">Red Hat Certificate System Admin Guide</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Selecting_an_LDAP_Schema"><h5 class="formalpara">Selecting an LDAP Schema</h5><a id="id654276" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Selecting_an_LDAP_Schema"><h5 class="formalpara">Selecting an LDAP Schema</h5><a id="id732672" class="indexterm"></a>
You can set the <em class="parameter"><code>ldap_schema</code></em> attribute to either <code class="literal">rfc2307</code> or <code class="literal">rfc2307bis</code>. These schema define how groups in <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> are specified. In <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307</em>, group objects use a multi-valued attribute, <em class="parameter"><code>memberuid</code></em>, which lists the names of the users that belong to that group. In <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307bis</em>, instead of the <em class="parameter"><code>memberuid</code></em>, group objects use the <em class="parameter"><code>member</code></em> attribute. Rather than just the name of the user, this attribute contains the full Distinguished Name (DN) of another object in the LDAP database. This means that groups can have other groups as members. That is, it adds support for nested groups.
</div><div class="para">
SSSD assumes that your LDAP server is using <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307</em>. If your LDAP server is using <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307bis</em>, and you do not update the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file accordingly, this can impact how your users and groups are displayed. It also means that some groups will not be available and network resources may be inaccessible even though you have permissions to use them.
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ uid=500(f12server) gid=500(f12server) groups=500(f12server),510(f12tester)
If instead you have configured your client to use <em class="citetitle">RFC 2307</em> then only the primary group is displayed.
</div><div class="para">
Changes to this setting only affect how SSSD determines the groups to which a user belongs; there is no negative effect on the actual user data. If you do not know the correct value for this attribute, consult your System Administrator.
- </div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Specifying_Timeout_Values"><h5 class="formalpara">Specifying Timeout Values</h5><a id="id654971" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="formalpara" id="form-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain-Specifying_Timeout_Values"><h5 class="formalpara">Specifying Timeout Values</h5><a id="id723715" class="indexterm"></a>
SSSD supports a number of timeout values that apply when configuring an <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> domain. These are described below.
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">ldap_search_timeout (integer)</code> — Specifies the timeout (in seconds) that <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> searches are allowed to run before they are canceled and cached results are returned (and offline mode is entered). If not specified:
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ uid=500(f12server) gid=500(f12server) groups=500(f12server),510(f12tester)
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>DNS Service Discovery</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> service discovery feature allows the LDAP back end to automatically find the appropriate <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> servers to connect to using a special <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> query. For more information on the <code class="systemitem">DNS</code> service discovery feature, refer to <a class="xref" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_Failover-Using_SRV_Records_with_Failover">Section 8.2.3.2.4.1, “Using SRV Records with Failover”</a>.
- </div></div></div><h5 id="id636325"></h5><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h5 id="id728984"></h5><div class="para">
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">8.2.5.3. Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id613437" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">8.2.5.3. Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</h4></div></div></div><a id="id705900" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can configure SSSD to use Microsoft Active Directory as an LDAP back end, providing both identity and authentication services. If you are using Active Directory 2003, SSSD requires that you install Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) on the machine where Active Directory is installed. If instead you are using Active Directory 2008, you need to install the Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA) on the Active Directory machine.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>SFU is not supported on 64-bit systems</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
SFU is not supported on 64-bit operating systems. Refer to <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751">http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751</a> for more information about which Windows systems can provide a suitable platform for an SSSD LDAP back end.
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ ldap_group_gid_number = msSFU30GidNumber</pre><div class="para">
This configuration is specific to Windows Active Directory 2003. Refer to <a class="xref" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain-Configuring_AD_2008">Section 8.2.5.3.2, “Configuring Active Directory 2003 R2 and 2008 as LDAP Back Ends”</a> for information on how to configure Active Directory 2003 R2 and Active Directory 2008.
</div><div class="para">
Note that the above configuration assumes that the certificates are stored in the default location (that is, in <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/cacerts</code>) and that the <code class="function">c_rehash</code> function has been used to create the appropriate symlinks.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id654499">More Information</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id627938">More Information</h5>
Refer to the <em class="citetitle">sssd-ldap(5)</em> manual page for a full description of all the options that apply to <acronym class="acronym">LDAP</acronym> domains.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain-Configuring_AD_2008"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain-Configuring_AD_2008">8.2.5.3.2. Configuring Active Directory 2003 R2 and 2008 as LDAP Back Ends</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
The configuration of <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> to support Active Directory 2003 R2 or Active Directory 2008 as a back end is similar to that for AD 2003. The following example configuration highlights the necessary changes.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html
index 9caffb9..593950f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ session required pam_limits.so
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session sufficient pam_sss.so
session required pam_unix.so
-</pre><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id483915">8.2.3.2.2.1. Using Custom Home Directories with SSSD</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
+</pre><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id693990">8.2.3.2.2.1. Using Custom Home Directories with SSSD</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
If your LDAP users have home directories that are not in <code class="filename">/home</code>, and if your system is configured to create home directories the first time your users log in, then these directories will be created with the wrong permissions. For example, instead of a typical home directory such as <code class="filename">/home/<username></code>, your users might have home directories that include their locale, such as <code class="filename">/home/<locale>/<username></code>. If this is true for your system, the following steps need to be taken (preemptively):
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Apply the correct SELinux context and permissions from the <code class="filename">/home</code> directory to the home directory that you use on your system. In the example above, the following command would achieve this result (replace the directory names with those that apply to your system):
@@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ session optional pam_console.so
...
</pre><div class="para">
In the preceding example, if a <em class="parameter"><code>sufficient</code></em> condition from <code class="filename">system-auth</code> returns <span class="returnvalue">PAM_SUCCESS</span>, <code class="filename">pam_console.so</code> will not be executed.
- </div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id601729">8.2.3.2.3. Configuring Access Control</h5></div></div></div><a id="id662819" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id725002">8.2.3.2.3. Configuring Access Control</h5></div></div></div><a id="id616482" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSSD provides a rudimentary access control mechanism, offering two solutions based on the value of the <code class="option">access_provider</code> option in the <code class="literal">[domain/<<em class="replaceable"><code>NAME</code></em>>]</code> section in the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id498852">8.2.3.2.3.1. The Simple Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id560702">8.2.3.2.3.1. The Simple Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
The first of these solutions is known as the <em class="firstterm">Simple Access Provider</em>, and is based on the implementation of access or deny lists of usernames. To enable the Simple Access Provider, you need to set the <code class="option">access_provider</code> option to <code class="literal">simple</code>, and then add usernames as a comma-separated list to either the <code class="option">simple_allow_users</code> or <code class="option">simple_deny_users</code> options.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id497037">Using the Simple Access Provider</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id707600">Using the Simple Access Provider</h5>
By using the Simple Access Provider, you can continue to support a number of network logins to maintain common network accounts on company or department laptops, but you might want to restrict the use of a particular laptop to one or two users. This means that even if a different user authenticated successfully against the same authentication provider, the Simple Access Provider would prevent that user from gaining access.
</div><div class="para">
The following example demonstrates the use of the Simple Access Provider to grant access to two users. This example assumes that SSSD is correctly configured and <code class="systemitem">example.com</code> is one of the domains specified in the <code class="literal">[sssd]</code> section, and only shows the Simple Access Provider-specific options.
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ session optional pam_console.so
access_provider = simple
simple_allow_users = user1, user2</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the Local ID provider</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The Local ID provider does not support <code class="option">simple</code> as an access provider.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id636154">Access Control Rules</h5><a id="id602733" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id724184">Access Control Rules</h5><a id="id730216" class="indexterm"></a>
The Simple Access Provider adheres to the following three rules to determine which users should or should not be granted access:
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
If both lists are empty, access is granted.
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ simple_allow_users = user1, user2</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_
Defining both <code class="option">simple_allow_users</code> and <code class="option">simple_deny_users</code> is a configuration error. If this occurs, SSSD will output an error to the <code class="filename">/var/log/sssd/sssd_default.log</code> log file when loading the back end, but continue to start normally. Future versions of SSSD will output an error and fail to start.
</div></div></div>
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id663632">8.2.3.2.3.2. The LDAP Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h6 class="title" id="id700002">8.2.3.2.3.2. The LDAP Access Provider</h6></div></div></div><div class="para">
The second access control solution uses the LDAP server itself as the access provider (<code class="option">access_provider=ldap</code>) and the associated filter option (<code class="option">ldap_access_filter</code>) to specify which users are granted access to the specified host. Note that these two options are codependent; if you use LDAP as your access provider then you must specify a value for the <code class="option">ldap_access_filter</code> option, otherwise all users will be denied access. If you are not using LDAP as your access provider, then the <code class="option">ldap_access_filter</code> option has no effect.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id636663">Using the LDAP Access Provider</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id587423">Using the LDAP Access Provider</h5>
The following example demonstrates the use of the LDAP Access Provider to grant access to members of the "allowedusers" group in LDAP. This example assumes that SSSD is correctly configured and <code class="systemitem">example.com</code> is one of the domains specified in the <code class="literal">[sssd]</code> section, and only shows the LDAP Access Provider-specific options.
</div><pre class="screen">[domain/example.com]
access_provider = ldap
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html
index a449c51..7877225 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Reenter new Password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
</pre><div class="para">
This is the result of an incorrect PAM configuration. Refer to <a class="xref" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_SSSD-Configuring_PAM">Section 8.2.3.2.2, “Configuring PAM”</a>, and ensure that the <em class="parameter"><code>use_authtok</code></em> option is correctly configured in your <code class="filename">/etc/pam.d/system-auth</code> file.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id481976">8.2.8.3.3. Problems with NFS and NSCD</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id729399">8.2.8.3.3. Problems with NFS and NSCD</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD is not designed to be used with the <code class="systemitem">nscd</code> daemon, and will likely generate warnings in the SSSD log files. Even though SSSD does not directly conflict with <code class="systemitem">nscd</code>, the use of both at the same time can result in unexpected behavior (specifically with how long entries are being cached).
</div><div class="para">
If you are using Network Manager to manage your network connections, it may take several minutes for the network interface to come up. During this time, various services will attempt to start. If these services start before the network is up (that is, the DNS servers cannot yet be reached) they will fail to identify the forward or reverse DNS entries they might need. These services will be reading an incorrect or possibly empty <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> file. This file is typically only read once, and so any changes made to this file are not automatically applied.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/dhcp-relay-agent.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/dhcp-relay-agent.html
index fc1efe0..9a5bf33 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/dhcp-relay-agent.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/dhcp-relay-agent.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html" title="10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" /><link rel="prev" href="ch10s02s03.html" title="10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html" title="10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch10s02s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="dhcp-relay-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id586082" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586096" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586109" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html" title="10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server" /><link rel="prev" href="ch10s02s03.html" title="10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html" title="10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch10s02s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="dhcp-relay-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="dhcp-relay-agent">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id598649" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id598662" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id598676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The DHCP Relay Agent (<code class="command">dhcrelay</code>) allows for the relay of DHCP and BOOTP requests from a subnet with no DHCP server on it to one or more DHCP servers on other subnets.
</div><div class="para">
When a DHCP client requests information, the DHCP Relay Agent forwards the request to the list of DHCP servers specified when the DHCP Relay Agent is started. When a DHCP server returns a reply, the reply is broadcast or unicast on the network that sent the original request.
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" id="id433549" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span
class="productname">Fedora Draft Documentation</span> <span class="productnumber"></span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="id433549" class="title">Deployment Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration and Administration of Fedora 16</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 16.0.1</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="next" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="book" id="id505130" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle" font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><span
class="productname">Fedora Draft Documentation</span> <span class="productnumber"></span></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h1 id="id505130" class="title">Deployment Guide</h1></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h2 class="subtitle">Deployment, Configuration and Administration of Fedora 16</h2></div><p class="edition">Edition 16.0.1</p><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><h3 class="corpauthor">
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><object data="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> </object></span>
- </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek at redhat.com">jhradilek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas at redhat.com">silas at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</
span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:mprpic at redhat.com">mprpic at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eva</span> <span class="surname">Kopalová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:ekopalova at redhat.com">ekopalova at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:eslobodo at redhat.com">eslobodo at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="
author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek at redhat.com">tcapek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar at redhat.com">pkovar at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:msvoboda at redhat.com"
>msvoboda at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="org
div">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr /><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="id604988" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
+ </h3></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div xml:lang="en-US" class="authorgroup" lang="en-US"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jaromír</span> <span class="surname">Hradílek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:jhradilek at redhat.com">jhradilek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Douglas</span> <span class="surname">Silas</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:silas at redhat.com">silas at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Martin</span> <span class="surname">Prpič</
span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:mprpic at redhat.com">mprpic at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eva</span> <span class="surname">Kopalová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:ekopalova at redhat.com">ekopalova at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Eliška</span> <span class="surname">Slobodová</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:eslobodo at redhat.com">eslobodo at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="
author"><span class="firstname">Tomáš</span> <span class="surname">Čapek</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:tcapek at redhat.com">tcapek at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Petr</span> <span class="surname">Kovář</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:pkovar at redhat.com">pkovar at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Miroslav</span> <span class="surname">Svoboda</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:msvoboda at redhat.com"
>msvoboda at redhat.com</a></code></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="surname">Ha</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">David</span> <span class="surname">O'Brien</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Michael</span> <span class="surname">Hideo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="orgdiv">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Don</span> <span class="surname">Domingo</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Red Hat, Inc.</span> <span class="org
div">Engineering Content Services</span></div></div></div></div><hr /><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div id="id628245" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">Legal Notice</h1><div class="para">
Copyright <span class="trademark"></span>© 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and others.
</div><div class="para">
The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a>. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
@@ -32,4 +32,4 @@
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
</div></div></div><div font-family="sans-serif,Symbol,ZapfDingbats" font-weight="bold" font-size="12pt" text-align="center"><div class="abstract"><h6>Abstract</h6><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">Deployment Guide</em> documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration, and administration of Fedora 16. It is oriented towards system administrators with a basic understanding of the system.
- </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pr01.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01.html#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html#id424663">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s02.html">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s03.html">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html">4. Feedback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Acknowledgments.html">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Basic
_System_Configuration.html">I. Basic System Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">1. Language and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts.html">1.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html">2. Date and Time Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.1. Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration.html">2.2. Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt
><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.2.1. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">2.2.2. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_G
roups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">3.2.
3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Add
ing a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Package_Management.html">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-yum.html">4. Yum</a></spa
n></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.h
tml">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.htm
l">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class=
"chapter"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html">5. PackageKit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filter
s</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Networking.html">III. Networking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">6. Network Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Network_Interf
aces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html">IV. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></s
pan></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources
-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_V
ersion">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services.html">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">8.2.6. Setting U
p Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-version
s">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. U
sing the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-openssh-useful-websites
.html">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Servers.html">V. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html">10. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="lease-database.html">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02s03.html">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">10.3.
Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-zone.html">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-rndc.html">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-dig.html">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-features.html">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_S
ervers.html#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.ht
ml#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.
html">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"
>13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5
. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distri
bution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></d
l></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt
><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html">VI. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">1
6.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsbl
k Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt
></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">16.6. Additional Resourc
es</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</s
trong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-adding.html">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">17.6.2. Useful Websites</
a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/Wh
ite Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-r
esources.html">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-abrt.html">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-abrt.html#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-installation.html">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"sect-abrt-cli.html">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html">19.4. Configuring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events.html">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-event_configuration_in_gui.html">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-abrt.html">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting.html">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers.html">19.4.6. Uploading a
nd reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client.html">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information.html">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-opr
ofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Pr
ofiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html">VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgr
ading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-
kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites.html">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-kdump.html">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd
><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-crash.html">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-crash.html#s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html">23.2.3. Displa
ying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-resources.html">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-RPM.html">A. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href=
"ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">A.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html">A.2. Using RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">A.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">A.2.4. Uninstalling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">A.2.5. Freshening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-querying.html">A.2.6. Querying</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">A.2.7. Verifying</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">A.3. Checking a Package's Signature</a></span></
dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html#s2-keys-importing">A.3.1. Importing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-keys-checking.html">A.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">A.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html#s2-rpm-installed-docs">A.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html">A.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-related-books.html">A.5.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">B. The X Window System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="
ch-The_X_Window_System.html#s1-x-server">B.1. The X Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-clients.html">B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">B.2.1. Desktop Environments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">B.2.2. Window Managers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-server-configuration.html">B.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-server-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">B.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">B.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">B.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File<
/a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-fonts.html">B.4. Fonts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-fonts.html#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">B.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-runlevels.html">B.5. Runlevels and X</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">B.5.1. Runlevel 3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">B.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-additional-resources.html">B.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-additional-resources.html#s2-x-installed-documentation">B.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-useful-websites.html">B.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Dir
ectory.html">C. The sysconfig Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s1-sysconfig-files">C.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">C.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-authconfig">C.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-autofs">C.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-clock">C.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">C.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-firewall">C.1.
6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-i18n">C.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-init">C.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ip6tables">C.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-kybd">C.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ldap">C.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-named">C.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-network">C.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </a></span></dt><
dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ntpd">C.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-quagga">C.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-radvd">C.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-samba">C.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-selinux">C.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-sendmail">C.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-spamd">C.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_
sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-squid">C.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-rcu">C.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-vncservers">C.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-xinetd">C.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html">C.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">C.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a
href="ch-proc.html">D. The proc File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-proc.html#s1-proc-virtual">D.1. A Virtual File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-viewing">D.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-change">D.1.2. Changing Virtual Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-topfiles.html">D.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-topfiles.html#s2-proc-buddyinfo">D.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-cmdline.html">D.2.2. /proc/cmdline </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html">D.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-crypto.html">D.2.4. /proc/crypto </a></span></dt><dt><span class="se
ction"><a href="s2-proc-devices.html">D.2.5. /proc/devices </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dma.html">D.2.6. /proc/dma </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-execdomains.html">D.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-fb.html">D.2.8. /proc/fb </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-filesystems.html">D.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-interrupts.html">D.2.10. /proc/interrupts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-iomem.html">D.2.11. /proc/iomem </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-ioports.html">D.2.12. /proc/ioports </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-kcore.html">D.2.13. /proc/kcore </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-kmsg.html">D.2.14. /proc/kmsg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-loadavg.html">D.2.15
. /proc/loadavg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-locks.html">D.2.16. /proc/locks </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-mdstat.html">D.2.17. /proc/mdstat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-meminfo.html">D.2.18. /proc/meminfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-misc.html">D.2.19. /proc/misc </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-modules.html">D.2.20. /proc/modules </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-mounts.html">D.2.21. /proc/mounts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-mtrr.html">D.2.22. /proc/mtrr </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-partitions.html">D.2.23. /proc/partitions </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html">D.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-stat.html">D.2.25. /proc/stat </a></span></dt><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="s2-proc-swaps.html">D.2.26. /proc/swaps </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html">D.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-uptime.html">D.2.28. /proc/uptime </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-version.html">D.2.29. /proc/version </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-directories.html">D.3. Directories within /proc/</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-directories.html#s2-proc-processdirs">D.3.1. Process Directories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html">D.3.2. /proc/bus/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-pci.html">D.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html">D.3.4. /proc/driver/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html">D.3.5. /proc/fs </a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html">D.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-net.html">D.3.7. /proc/net/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html">D.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html">D.3.9. /proc/sys/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html">D.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-tty.html">D.3.11. /proc/tty/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-pid.html">D.3.12. /proc/<em class="replaceable"><code>PID</code></em>/ </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">D.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html">D.5. References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="app-Revision_History.html">E. Revis
ion History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pr01.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01.html#sect-Preface-Target_Audience">1. Target Audience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html">2. How to Read this Book</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html">3. Document Conventions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03.html#id648715">3.1. Typographic Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s02.html">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pr01s03s03.html">3.3. Notes and Warnings</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html">4. Feedback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pref-Acknowledgments.html">5. Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Basic
_System_Configuration.html">I. Basic System Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html">1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">2. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html">2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.htm
l">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">3.2. Using the User Accounts To
ol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></spa
n></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><sp
an class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Package_Management.html">II. Package Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-yum.html">4. Yum</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration F
ile Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></s
pan></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_D
isabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html">5. PackageKit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Set
ting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repositories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PackageKit_
Architecture.html">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Networking.html">III. Networking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">6. Network Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href
="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a h
ref="part-Infrastructure_Services.html">IV. Infrastructure Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></spa
n></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section
"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services.html">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><
/dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">9.2.2. Starting an OpenS
SH Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.
1. X11 Forwarding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Servers.html">V. Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html">10. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a h
ref="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="lease-database.html">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02s03.html">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-addition
al-resources.html">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">11
.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-zone.html">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-rndc.html">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-dig.html">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-features.html">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-ver
sion2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-
resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></spa
n></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">13.5. Mail User Agents</a><
/span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-related-books.html">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><sp
an class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-r
gs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers
.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.ht
ml">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">15.3. Printer Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class=
"part"><a href="part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html">VI. Monitoring and Automation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1
-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><
span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></spa
n></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installe
d Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">17.2. Locatin
g Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-adding.html">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span><
/dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">18.2. At and Batch</a></span
></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html#s2
-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-abrt.html">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-abrt.html#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-installation.html">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-cli.html">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configura
tion.html">19.4. Configuring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events.html">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-event_configuration_in_gui.html">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-abrt.html">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting.html">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers.html">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html">19
.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client.html">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information.html">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-confi
guring.html">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-re
ading-opreport-single.html">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html">VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-prepa
ring.html">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a h
ref="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">22.4. Unloading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><
dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites.html">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-kdump.html">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-crash.html">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-crash.html#s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></sp
an></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-resources.html">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html">A. Consistent Network Device Naming</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html#sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming
-Affected_Systems">A.1. Affected Systems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html">A.2. System Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html">A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html">A.4. Notes for Administrators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-RPM.html">B. RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">B.1. RPM Design Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html">B.2. Using RPM</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">B.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></span></d
t><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">B.2.4. Uninstalling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">B.2.5. Freshening</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-querying.html">B.2.6. Querying</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">B.2.7. Verifying</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">B.3. Checking a Package's Signature</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html#s2-keys-importing">B.3.1. Importing Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-keys-checking.html">B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class=
"section"><a href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">B.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html#s2-rpm-installed-docs">B.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html">B.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-rpm-related-books.html">B.5.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">C. The X Window System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html#s1-x-server">C.1. The X Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-clients.html">C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">C.2.1. Desktop Environments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">C.2
.2. Window Managers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-server-configuration.html">C.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-server-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">C.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">C.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">C.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-fonts.html">C.4. Fonts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-fonts.html#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">C.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-runlevels.html">C.5. Runlevels and X</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s
1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">C.5.1. Runlevel 3</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">C.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-additional-resources.html">C.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-x-additional-resources.html#s2-x-installed-documentation">C.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-x-useful-websites.html">C.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html">D. The sysconfig Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s1-sysconfig-files">D.1. Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch">D.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-authconfig">D.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-autofs">D.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-clock">D.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd">D.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-firewall">D.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-i18n">D.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18n </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-init">D.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/init </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig
-ip6tables">D.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-kybd">D.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ldap">D.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-named">D.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/named </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-network">D.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/network </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ntpd">D.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-quagga">D.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-radvd">D.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvd </
a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-samba">D.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-selinux">D.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-sendmail">D.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-spamd">D.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-squid">D.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-rcu">D.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-vncservers">D.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></span></dt><dt><
span class="section"><a href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-xinetd">D.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html">D.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">D.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ch-proc.html">E. The proc File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-proc.html#s1-proc-virtual">E.1. A Virtual File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-viewing">E.1.1. Viewing Virtual Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-change">E.1.2. Changing Virtual File
s</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-topfiles.html">E.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-topfiles.html#s2-proc-buddyinfo">E.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-cmdline.html">E.2.2. /proc/cmdline </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html">E.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-crypto.html">E.2.4. /proc/crypto </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-devices.html">E.2.5. /proc/devices </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dma.html">E.2.6. /proc/dma </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-execdomains.html">E.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-fb.html">E.2.8. /proc/fb </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href
="s2-proc-filesystems.html">E.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-interrupts.html">E.2.10. /proc/interrupts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-iomem.html">E.2.11. /proc/iomem </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-ioports.html">E.2.12. /proc/ioports </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-kcore.html">E.2.13. /proc/kcore </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-kmsg.html">E.2.14. /proc/kmsg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-loadavg.html">E.2.15. /proc/loadavg </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-locks.html">E.2.16. /proc/locks </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-mdstat.html">E.2.17. /proc/mdstat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-meminfo.html">E.2.18. /proc/meminfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-misc.html">E.2.19. /proc/
misc </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-modules.html">E.2.20. /proc/modules </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-mounts.html">E.2.21. /proc/mounts </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-mtrr.html">E.2.22. /proc/mtrr </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-partitions.html">E.2.23. /proc/partitions </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html">E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-stat.html">E.2.25. /proc/stat </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-swaps.html">E.2.26. /proc/swaps </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html">E.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-uptime.html">E.2.28. /proc/uptime </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-version.html">E.2.29. /proc/version </a></span></dt></dl></d
d><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-directories.html">E.3. Directories within /proc/</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-directories.html#s2-proc-processdirs">E.3.1. Process Directories</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html">E.3.2. /proc/bus/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-pci.html">E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html">E.3.4. /proc/driver/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html">E.3.5. /proc/fs </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html">E.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-net.html">E.3.7. /proc/net/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html">E.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html">E.3.9. /proc/sys/ </a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html">E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-tty.html">E.3.11. /proc/tty/ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-proc-pid.html">E.3.12. /proc/<em class="replaceable"><code>PID</code></em>/ </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">E.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html">E.5. References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="app-Revision_History.html">F. Revision History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html"><strong>Next</strong>Preface</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ix01.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/ix01.html
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix E. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"></li></ul><div class="index" id="id451789"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Index</h2></div></div></
div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt> .fetchmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt> .procmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procma
il Configuration</a></dt><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Understanding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/etc/named.conf (see BIND)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ directory (see sysconfig directory)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> /proc/ directory (see proc file system)</dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</
a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>Access Control</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html#id601729">Configuring Access Control</a></dt><dt>in SSSD, rules, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html#id498852">The Simple Access Provider</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a
class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-resources-web">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-dir
ectives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directiv
es</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="c
h-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common h
ttpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Deny,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-ht
tpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives<
/a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-dire
ctives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerToken
s, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-
apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib64/httpd/
modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Ser
vers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/l
ogs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_asis, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_cern_meta, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Not
able Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_disk_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_ext_filter, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_proxy_balancer, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mo
d_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><d
t>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.2</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.0, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></d
l></dd><dt> authconfig (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dd><dl><dt> commands , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">Command Line Version</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authentication</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt> using fingerprint support , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt><dt> using smart card authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool </dt><dd><dl><dt> and Kerberos authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configurin
g_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and LDAP , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authenticatio
n.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authoritative nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Automated Tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Berkeley Internet Name Domain (see BIND)</dt><dt>BIND</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-
bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>common mistakes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>acl statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>controls statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>include statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>key statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>logging statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>options statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.h
tml#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>server statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>trusted-keys statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>view statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>zone statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>/var/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/data/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/dynamic/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/
var/named/slaves/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features</dt><dd><dl><dt>Automatic Zone Transfer (AXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-ipv6">Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</a></dt><dt>multiple views, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-views">Multiple Views</a></dt><dt>Transaction SIGnature (TSIG), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-tsig">Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)<
/a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.key, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>authoritative nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>primary (master) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introducti
on-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>secondary (slave) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>dig, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-dig.html">Using the dig Utility</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>named, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>rndc, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_
Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html">Using the rndc Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>zones</dt><dd><dl><dt>$INCLUDE directive, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$ORIGIN directive, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$TTL directive, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>A (Address) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>CNAME (Canonical Name) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">N
ameserver Zones</a></dt><dt>example usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">A Simple Zone File</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</a></dt><dt>MX (Mail Exchange) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>NS (Nameserver) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>PTR (Pointer) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>SOA (Start of Authority) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="index
term" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>bonding (see channel bonding)</dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc </dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel B
onding</a></dt><dt>interface</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding interface (see kernel module)</dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>crash</dt><dd><dl><dt>analyzing the dump</dt><dd><dl><dt>message buffer, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html">Displaying the Message Buffer</a></dt><dt>open files, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html">Displaying Open Files</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html">Displaying a Process Status</a></dt><dt>stack trace, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html">Displaying a Backtrace</a></dt><dt>virtual memory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html">Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>opening the dump image, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-crash.html#s2-kdump-crash-running">Running the crash Utility</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-crash.html">Analyzing the Core Dump</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Cron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">Automating System Tasks</a></dt><dt> cron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resourc
es.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>date, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Configuring the Date and Time</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>Date and Time</dt><dd
><dl><dt>system date, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>system time, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>time zone settings, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>deleting cache files</dt><dd><dl><dt>in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Denial of Service attack, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/sys/net/ directory)</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href=
"s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments (see X)</dt><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>DHCP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html">DHCP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>command line options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>connecting to, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt> dhcpd.leases , <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>dhcpd6.co
nf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt>DHCPv6, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>global parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>options, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>reasons for using, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">Why Use DHCP?</a></dt><dt>Relay Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">Configuring a DHCP Server</a></dt><dt> shared-network , <a class="indexterm" h
ref="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>starting the server, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>stopping the server, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>subnet, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.leases, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>dig (see BIND)</dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>display managers (see X)</dt><dt>DNS</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html">DNS Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also BIND)</dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>docume
ntation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DoS attack (see Denial of Service attack)</dt><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">Using the du Command</a></dt><dt>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (see DHCP)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-related-books.h
tml">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>history of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">Mail Servers</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">Email Protocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="index
term" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-
types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mua.html">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>epoch, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-stat.html"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/stat )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-stat.html"> /proc/stat </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet (see network)</dt><dt> exec-shield </dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>execution domains, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/execdomains )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href=
"s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html">Feedback</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" hr
ef="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>virtual (see proc file system)</dt></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing File Systems</a></dt><dt>files, proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>changing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#
s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt> findsmb program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>FQDN (see fully qualified domain name)</dt><dt>frame buffer device, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-fb.html"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/fb )</dt></dl></dd><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>acti
ve mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">The File Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Accelerator , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>fully qualified domain name, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introd
uction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> gnome-system-log (see Log File Viewer )</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking RPM package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>filtering list o
f groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>modify users in groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying group properties, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>system-config-users, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><
dt>GRUB boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>hugepages</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt> ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Sc
ripts</a></dt><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>installing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">
Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt>kdump</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documents, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>manual pages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>analyzing the dump (see crash)</dt><dt>configuring the service</dt><dd><dl><dt>default action, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">
The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">Changing the Default Action</a></dt><dt>dump image compression, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>filtering level, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">The Filtering Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>initial RAM disk, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel image, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Se
ttings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">The Basic Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>supported targets, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt><dt>target location, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling the service, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">Enabling the Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling the Service</a></dt><dt>known issues</dt><dd><dl><dt>hpsa driver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>running the service, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling the Service</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s1-kdump-configuration">Configuring the kdump Service</a></dt><dt>testing the configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">Testing the Configura
tion</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-downl
oad.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Kernel Dump Configuration (see kdump)</dt><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bon
ding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet module</dt><dd><dl><dt>supporting multiple cards, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Li
sting_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html
">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-pac
kages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration (see Region and Language)</dt><dt>
kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>language configuration (see Region and Language)</dt><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> Log File Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Log Viewer )</dt><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm"
href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt> rsyslogd daemon , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Log Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> logrotate , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href
="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-pci.html"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)</dt><dt> Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="ind
exterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel modu
le)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt><dt>Multihomed DHCP</dt><dd><dl><dt>host configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">Host Configuration</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multiple domains</dt><dd><dl><dt>specifying in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-S
upport_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>named (see BIND)</dt><dt>nameserver (see DNS)</dt><dt> net program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>network</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>commands</dt><dd><dl><dt> /sbin/ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> /sbin/ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">Network Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>functions, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">Network Function Files</a></dt><dt>interface configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>interfaces</dt><dd><dl><dt>alias, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>channel bonding, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt><dt>clone, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>dialup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html">Dialup Interfaces</a></dt><dt>Ethernet, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">Ethernet Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scripts, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">Network Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Network Time Protocol, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>NIC</dt><dd><dl><dt>binding into single channel, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>NTP (see Network Time Protocol)</dt><dt>ntpd, <a class="i
ndexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt> opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt> opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-applications">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Dir
ectory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing
the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Datab
ase-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminol
ogy</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" hr
ef="s1-ssh-clients.html">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> scp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt> sftp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt> ssh , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-ssh
d.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>DSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA Version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-
generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Understanding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profile
s, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">Using opannotate </a></dt><dt> opcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="index
term" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt> --vmlinux= , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm"
href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">Saving Data</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt> oprof_start , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"
>Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>architecture, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">PackageKit Architecture</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>managing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indext
erm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>updating packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>
displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Development, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Free, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Hide Subpackages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>No Filter, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Development, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only End User Files, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Graphical, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Native Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Newest Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></
dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit for packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>iFedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages with PackageKit, <a class="
indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></d
t></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing
Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>managing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt>
</dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>removing package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>removing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>fai
led dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Packag
e_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking interval, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Upd
ating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Software Update, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>viewing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Soft
ware Sources</a></dt><dt>Yum instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s3-e
mail-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt> prefdm (see X)</dt><dt>primary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Printer Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#id477386">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#sec-Sharing_Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt> proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/buddyinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html#s2-proc-buddyinfo"> /proc/buddyinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html"> /proc/bus/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/pci </dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing using lspci , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-pci.html"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/cmdline , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html"> /proc/cmdline </a></dt><dt> /proc/cpuinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html"> /proc/cpuinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/crypto , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-crypto.html"> /pr
oc/crypto </a></dt><dt> /proc/devices </dt><dd><dl><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/dma , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dma.html"> /proc/dma </a></dt><dt> /proc/driver/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html"> /proc/driver/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/execdomains , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dt> /proc/fb , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-fb.html"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dt> /proc/filesystems , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html"> /proc/filesystems </a></dt><dt> /proc/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"> /proc/fs </a></dt><dt> /proc/interrupts , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-interrupts.html"> /proc/interrupts </a></dt><dt> /proc/iomem , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-iomem.html"
> /proc/iomem </a></dt><dt> /proc/ioports , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-ioports.html"> /proc/ioports </a></dt><dt> /proc/irq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html"> /proc/irq/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/kcore , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-kcore.html"> /proc/kcore </a></dt><dt> /proc/kmsg , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-kmsg.html"> /proc/kmsg </a></dt><dt> /proc/loadavg , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-loadavg.html"> /proc/loadavg </a></dt><dt> /proc/locks , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-locks.html"> /proc/locks </a></dt><dt> /proc/mdstat , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-mdstat.html"> /proc/mdstat </a></dt><dt> /proc/meminfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-meminfo.html"> /proc/meminfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/misc , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-misc.html"> /proc/misc </a></dt><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-modules.html"> /proc/modules </a></dt><dt> /proc/mounts , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-m
ounts.html"> /proc/mounts </a></dt><dt> /proc/mtrr , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-mtrr.html"> /proc/mtrr </a></dt><dt> /proc/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html"> /proc/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/partitions , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-partitions.html"> /proc/partitions </a></dt><dt> /proc/PID/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-pid.html"> /proc/PID/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/scsi/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"> /proc/scsi/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/self/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-directories.html#s3-proc-self"> /proc/self/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/slabinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html"> /proc/slabinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/stat , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-stat.html"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dt> /proc/swaps , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-swaps.html"> /proc/swaps </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </
a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also sysctl )</dt><dt> /proc/sys/dev/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-dev"> /proc/sys/dev/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-fs"> /proc/sys/fs/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/exec-shield , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq (see system request key)</dt><dt> /proc/sys/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/vm/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/sysrq-trigger , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-
sysrq-trigger.html"> /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></dt><dt> /proc/sysvipc/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"> /proc/sysvipc/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/tty/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-tty.html"> /proc/tty/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/uptime , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-uptime.html"> /proc/uptime </a></dt><dt> /proc/version , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-version.html"> /proc/version </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html">References</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html#s2-proc-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html#s2-proc-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>changing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-
proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>files within, top-level, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html">Top-level Files within the proc File System</a></dt><dt>introduced, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html">The proc File System</a></dt><dt>process directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-directories.html#s2-proc-processdirs">Process Directories</a></dt><dt>subdirectories within, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-directories.html">Directories within /proc/</a></dt><dt>viewing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-em
ail-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Deli
vering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> rcp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Region and Language</dt><dd><dl><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_
Configuration-Layouts.html">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt><dt>language configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">Changing the Language</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>removing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record (see BIND)</dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rndc (see BIND)</dt><dt>root nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additiona
l-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html">Using RPM</a></dt><dt>book about, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html">Related Books</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">Configuration File Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved
Dependency</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflic
ting Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>md5sum, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage<
/a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>upgrading, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-co
nfiguration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> rsyslog , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Samba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-abilities">Samba Features</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ldapsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> ldapsam_compat , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> mysqlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Datab
ases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> xmlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-pub
lished">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-community">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">Command Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Printing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-cups">Samba with CU
PS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-daemons">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3
-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-configuring-gui">Graphical Configuration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-rgs-overview">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba D
istribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> net , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> nmblookup , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> pdbedit , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> rpcclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcacls , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_
and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> testparm , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> wbinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="in
dexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">Samba Security Modes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-ads-security-mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-security-mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Server Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-server-security-mode">Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-share-level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-user-level">User-Level Se
curity</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-member">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-standalone">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Start
ing and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-connect-share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-mounting">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Serv
ers.html#s4-samba-domain-member-ads">Active Directory Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">Anonymous Print Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">Anonymous Read-Only</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">Anonymous Read/Write</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-rgs-pdc-ads">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam
">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using tdbsam </a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>with Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>secondary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> security plug-in (see Security)</dt><dt>Security-Related Packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="ind
exterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-chang
es-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-services-running.html">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview
of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>slab pools (see /proc/slabinfo )</dt><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt> smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Di
stribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexte
rm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>SSSD</dt><dd><dl><dt>Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain for, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring a proxy domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring an LDAP domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Selecting an LDAP schema for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Setting Up Kerberos authentication for, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">Setting Up Kerberos Auth
entication</a></dt><dt>Specifying timeout values for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> startx , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a> (see X)</dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> stunnel , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt> sysconfig directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/apm-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-authconfig"> /etc/
sysconfig/authconfig </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/autofs , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-autofs"> /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/cbq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/clock , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-clock"> /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-firewall"> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/init , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-init"> /etc/sysconfig/init </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconf
ig-ip6tables"> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-kybd"> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ldap , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ldap"> /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/named , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-named"> /etc/sysconfig/named </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-network"> /etc/sysconfig/network </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">Network Interfaces</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also network)</dt></dl></dd><dt> /etc/sysconfig/networking/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcs
ysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ntpd"> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/quagga , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-quagga"> /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/radvd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-radvd"> /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/samba , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-samba"> /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/selinux , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-selinux"> /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-sendmail"> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconf
ig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-spamd"> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/squid , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-squid"> /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-rcu"> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-vncservers"> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-xinetd"> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></dt><dt>additional information about, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html">The sysconfig Directory</a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sy
sconfig-additional-resources.html#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories in, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt>files found in, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s1-sysconfig-files">Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sysctl </dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring with /etc/sysctl.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>controlling /proc/sys/ , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>SysRq (see system request key)</dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesyst
ems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-
system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>system request key</dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Request Key</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt><dt>setting timing for, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> system-config-authentication (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dt>system-config-kdump (see kdump)</dt><dt>system-config-users (see user configuration and group configuration)</dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt> testparm program, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>time, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Configuring the Date and Time</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>time zone, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>TLB cache (see hugepages)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>tool</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a cl
ass="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Accounts (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>
adding users, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">Adding a New User</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>changing full name, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing home directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing login shell, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing password, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Addin
g a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>modify groups for a user, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying users, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing users, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">Removing a User</a></dt><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">Using the User Accounts Tool</a>, <a class
="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Manager (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of
</dt><dd><dl><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual file system (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual files (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Usefu
l Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options</a></dt><dt>format of, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">Files Installed with
vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>starting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt> wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>window managers (see X)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-e
ncrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf </dt><dd><dl><dt>boolean values for, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-serve
r-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> Device , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">The Device section</a></dt><dt> DRI , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">The DRI section</a></dt><dt> Files section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">The Files section</a></dt><dt> InputDevice section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">The InputDevice section</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt> Monitor , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">The M
onitor section</a></dt><dt> Screen , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">The Screen section</a></dt><dt> Section tag, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> ServerFlags section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">The ServerFlags section</a></dt><dt> ServerLayout section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">ServerLayout</a></dt><dt>structure of, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-additional-resourc
es.html#s2-x-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt>options within, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">The xorg.conf File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments</dt><d
d><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>display managers</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of preferred, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> GNOME , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> KDE , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> prefdm script, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> xdm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>fonts</dt><dd><dl><dt>Fontconfig, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Fontconfig, adding fonts to, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add"
>Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></dt><dt>FreeType, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Xft, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">The X Window System</a></dt><dt>runlevels</dt><dd><dl><dt>3, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>5, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>runlevels and, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html">Runlevels and X</a></dt><dt>window managers</dt><dd><dl><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> twm , <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X clients, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">The X Window System</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html">Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>desktop environments, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt> startx command, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>window managers, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> xinit command, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X server, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">The X Window System</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>features of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html#s1-x-server">The X Server</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>X Window System (see X)<
/dt><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> xinit (see X)</dt><dt>Xorg (see Xorg)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Y</h3><dl><dt>Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt><dt>disabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd>
<dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing
Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>plug-ins</dt><dd><dl><dt>fs-snapshot, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>presto, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>refresh-packagekit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>rhnplugin, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descripti
ons</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html">Creating a Yum Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [repository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="s
ec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html">Using Yum Variables</a></dt><dt>Yum plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html">Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Yum Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-C
hecking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix E. Revision History</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix F. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"></li></ul><div class="index" id="id503518"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Index</h2></div></div></
div><div class="index"><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Symbols</h3><dl><dt> .fetchmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt> .procmailrc , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procma
il Configuration</a></dt><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Understanding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/etc/named.conf (see BIND)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ directory (see sysconfig directory)</dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> /proc/ directory (see proc file system)</dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/anacron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt> /var/spool/cron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</
a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3></h3><dl><dt> (see OProfile)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>A</h3><dl><dt>Access Control</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html#id725002">Configuring Access Control</a></dt><dt>in SSSD, rules, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html#id560702">The Simple Access Provider</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>adding</dt><dd><dl><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>user, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>anacron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Anacron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>anacron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a
class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> anacrontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></dt><dt>Apache HTTP Server</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-resources-web">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>checking configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt><Directory>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-dir
ectives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfDefine>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><IfModule>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Location>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><Proxy>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt><VirtualHost>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AccessFileName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Action, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directiv
es</a></dt><dt>AddDescription, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddHandler, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByEncoding, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddIconByType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddLanguage, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AddType, <a class="indexterm" href="c
h-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Alias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Allow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>AllowOverride, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>BrowserMatch, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDefaultExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheDisable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheEnable, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common h
ttpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheLastModifiedFactor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheMaxExpire, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheNegotiatedDocs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CacheRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>CustomLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultIcon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DefaultType, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Deny,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DirectoryIndex, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>DocumentRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorDocument, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ErrorLog, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ExtendedStatus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Group, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HeaderName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-ht
tpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>HostnameLookups, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Include, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexIgnore, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>IndexOptions, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAlive, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>KeepAliveTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LanguagePriority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives<
/a></dt><dt>Listen, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LoadModule, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogFormat, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>LogLevel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxClients, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxKeepAliveRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MaxSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" h
ref="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>MinSpareThreads, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>NameVirtualHost, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Order, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>PidFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ProxyRequests, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-dire
ctives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ReadmeName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>Redirect, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ScriptAlias, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerAdmin, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerRoot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerSignature, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ServerToken
s, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>SetEnvIf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>StartServers, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>SuexecUserGroup, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>ThreadsPerChild, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>Timeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>TypesConfig, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UseCanonicalName, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-
apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>User, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>UserDir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/httpd/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib/httpd/modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/usr/lib64/httpd/
modules/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">Working with Modules</a></dt><dt>/var/cache/mod_proxy/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/cgi-bin/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/var/www/icons/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>~/public_html/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>.htaccess, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Ser
vers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>.htpasswd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-sslconf-common">Common ssl.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-enabling">Enabling the mod_ssl Module</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">Editing the Configuration Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mpm-common">Common Multi-Processing Module Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/logs/access_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/l
ogs/error_log, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/httpd/run/httpd.pid, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>/etc/mime.types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>modules</dt><dd><dl><dt>developing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-writing">Writing a Module</a></dt><dt>loading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-dso-loading">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt>mod_asis, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_cern_meta, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Not
able Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_disk_cache, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_ext_filter, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>mod_proxy_balancer, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>mod_rewrite, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-httpdconf-directives">Common httpd.conf Directives</a></dt><dt>mod_ssl, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dt>mod_userdir, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>SSL server</dt><dd><dl><dt>certificate, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mo
d_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>certificate authority, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt><dt>private key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-keypair">Using an Existing Key and Certificate</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-genkey">Generating a New Key and Certificate</a></dt><dt>public key, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-mod_ssl-certificates">An Overview of Certificates and Security</a></dt></dl></dd><d
t>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-starting">Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s3-apache-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>version 2.2</dt><dd><dl><dt>changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">Notable Changes</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">New Features</a></dt><dt>updating from version 2.0, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">Updating the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>virtual host, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> at , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></d
l></dd><dt> authconfig (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dd><dl><dt> commands , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">Command Line Version</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authentication</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt> using fingerprint support , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt><dt> using smart card authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">Advanced Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool </dt><dd><dl><dt> and Kerberos authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configurin
g_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and LDAP , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and NIS authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt><dt> and Winbind authentication , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authenticatio
n.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">Identity & Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>authoritative nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Automated Tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">Automating System Tasks</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>B</h3><dl><dt> batch , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">At and Batch</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Berkeley Internet Name Domain (see BIND)</dt><dt>BIND</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-related-books">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-
bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>common mistakes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>acl statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>controls statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>include statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>key statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>logging statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>options statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.h
tml#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt><dt>server statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>trusted-keys statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>view statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">Other Statement Types</a></dt><dt>zone statement, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s3-bind-namedconf-state">Common Statement Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>/var/named/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/data/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/var/named/dynamic/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt><dt>/
var/named/slaves/, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html">Editing Zone Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features</dt><dd><dl><dt>Automatic Zone Transfer (AXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-ixfr">Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</a></dt><dt>Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-ipv6">Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</a></dt><dt>multiple views, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-views">Multiple Views</a></dt><dt>Transaction SIGnature (TSIG), <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-tsig">Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)<
/a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/named.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt><dt>/etc/rndc.key, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html#s3-bind-rndc-configuration">Configuring the Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>authoritative nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>primary (master) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introducti
on-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt><dt>secondary (slave) nameserver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">Nameserver Types</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt>dig, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-dig.html">Using the dig Utility</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-dnssec">DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></dt><dt>named, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">Configuring the named Service</a></dt><dt>rndc, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_
Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">BIND as a Nameserver</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-rndc.html">Using the rndc Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>zones</dt><dd><dl><dt>$INCLUDE directive, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$ORIGIN directive, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>$TTL directive, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-directives">Common Directives</a></dt><dt>A (Address) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>CNAME (Canonical Name) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>comment tags, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-zone-comm">Comment Tags</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">N
ameserver Zones</a></dt><dt>example usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">A Simple Zone File</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</a></dt><dt>MX (Mail Exchange) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>NS (Nameserver) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>PTR (Pointer) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt><dt>SOA (Start of Authority) resource record, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Common Resource Records</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>blkid, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">Using the blkid Command</a></dt><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.ht
ml"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>bonding (see channel bonding)</dt><dt>boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">Verifying the Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>C</h3><dl><dt>ch-email .fetchmailrc </dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>chage command</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing password expiration with, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bo
nding</a></dt><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>interface</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>channel bonding interface (see kernel module)</dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/devices )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Configuration File Changes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>crash</dt><dd><dl><dt>analyzing the dump</dt><dd><dl><dt>message buffer, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html">Displaying the Message Buffer</a></dt><dt>open files, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html">Displaying Open Files</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html">Displaying a Process Status</a></dt><dt>stack trace, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html">Displaying a Backtrace</a></dt><dt>virtual memory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html">Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>opening the dump image, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-crash.html#s2-kdump-crash-running">Running the crash Utility</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-crash.html">Analyzing the Core Dump</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Cron, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">Automating System Tasks</a></dt><dt> cron , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">Cron and Ana
cron</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>cron configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>user-defined tasks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> crontab , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">Configuring Cron Jobs</a></dt><dt>CUPS (see Printer Configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>D</h3><dl><dt>date, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">
Changing the Date</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>Date and Time</dt><dd><dl><dt>system date, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>system time, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dt>time zone settings, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>deleting cache files</dt><dd><dl><dt>in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Denial of Service attack, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.h
tml#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/sys/net/ directory)</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments (see X)</dt><dt>df, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>DHCP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html">DHCP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>command line options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>connecting to, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">Configuring a DHCP Client</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">C
onfiguration File</a></dt><dt> dhcpd.leases , <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>dhcpd6.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt>DHCPv6, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>global parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>group, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>options, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>reasons for using, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">Why Use DHCP?</a></dt><dt>Relay Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>server configura
tion, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">Configuring a DHCP Server</a></dt><dt> shared-network , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>starting the server, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>stopping the server, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt>subnet, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>dhcpd.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">Configuration File</a></dt><dt>dhcpd.leases, <a class="indexterm" href="ch10s02s03.html">Starting and Stopping the Server</a></dt><dt> dhcrelay , <a class="indexterm" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">DHCP Relay Agent</a></dt><dt>dig (see BIND)</dt><dt>directory server (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>display managers (see X)</dt><dt>DNS</dt><dd><dl><d
t>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html">DNS Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also BIND)</dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>documentation</dt><dd><dl><dt>finding installed, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DoS attack (see Denial of Service attack)</dt><dt>drivers (see kernel module)</dt><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>du, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">Using the du Command</a></dt><dt>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (see DHCP)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>E</h3><dl><dt>email</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additiona
l-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-related-books.html">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dt>history of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">Mail Servers</a></dt><dt>mail server</dt><dd><dl><dt>Dovecot, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-mail-server-dovecot">Dovecot</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dt>program classifications, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html">Email Program Classifications</a></dt><dt>protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">Email Pr
otocols</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IMAP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-imap">IMAP</a></dt><dt>POP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-pop">POP</a></dt><dt>SMTP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s3-email-protocols-smtp">SMTP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">Securing Communication</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>clients, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-clients">Secure Email Clients</a></dt><dt>servers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dt>spam</dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering out, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent, <a class="indexter
m" href="s2-email-types-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">Mail Transport Agent</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-types-mua.html">Mail User Agent</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>epoch, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-stat.html"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/stat )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-stat.html"> /proc/stat </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet (see network)</dt><dt> exec-shield </dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>execution domains, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also /proc/execdomains )</dt><dt>definition of, <a class="
indexterm" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>expiration of password, forcing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>F</h3><dl><dt>Fedora installation media</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>feedback</dt><dd><dl><dt>contact information for this manual, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html">Feedback</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Fetchmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">Fetchmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>command options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">Fetchmail Command Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>informational, <a class="indexterm" href="s
2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">Informational or Debugging Options</a></dt><dt>special, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">Special Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">Fetchmail Configuration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>global options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">Global Options</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">Server Options</a></dt><dt>user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html#s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">User Options</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>virtual (see proc file system)</dt></dl></dd><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysin
fo-filesystems.html">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dt>files, proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt>changing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>findmnt, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">Using the findmnt Command</a></dt><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt> findsmb program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>FQDN (see fully qualified domain name)</dt><dt>frame buffer device, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-fb.html"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dd><dl
><dt>(see also /proc/fb )</dt></dl></dd><dt>free, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">Using the free Command</a></dt><dt>FTP, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also vsftpd )</dt><dt>active mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>command port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>data port, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html">FTP</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">The File Transfer Protocol</a></dt><dt>passive mode, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-FTP.html#s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</a></dt><dt>server software</dt><dd><dl><dt> Red Hat Content Acce
lerator , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>fully qualified domain name, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Nameserver Zones</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>G</h3><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> gnome-system-log (see Log File Viewer )</dt><dt>gnome-system-monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>GnuPG</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking RPM package signat
ures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>group configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>filtering list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">Adding a New Group</a></dt><dt>modify users in groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying group properties, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">Modifying Group Properties</a></dt><dt>viewing list of groups, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>groups (see group configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexter
m" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GID, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>shared directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>groupadd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>system-config-users, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private G
roups</a></dt><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>user private, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">User Private Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>GRUB boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>H</h3><dl><dt>hardware</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>HTTP server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>httpd (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>hugepages</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc
/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>I</h3><dl><dt> ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt> ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt><dt>information</dt><dd><dl><dt>about your system, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>initial RAM disk image</dt><dd><dl><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>IBM eServer System i, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>initial RPM repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>installable packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" h
ref="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>installing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>installing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>K</h3><dl><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt>kdump</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documents, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>manual pages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>websi
tes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>analyzing the dump (see crash)</dt><dt>configuring the service</dt><dd><dl><dt>default action, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-action">Changing the Default Action</a></dt><dt>dump image compression, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>filtering level, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-filtering">The Filtering Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-filtering">Configuring the Core Collector</a></dt><dt>initial RAM disk, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-co
nfiguration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel image, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>kernel options, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-expert">The Expert Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-basic">The Basic Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-memory">Configuring the Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>supported targets, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Setti
ngs Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt><dt>target location, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling the service, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-enable">Enabling the Service</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling the Service</a></dt><dt>known issues</dt><dd><dl><dt>hpsa driver, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-gui-target">The Target Settings Tab</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-target">Configuring the Target Type</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>running the service, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s3-kdump-configuration-cli-enable">Enabling
the Service</a></dt><dt>system requirements, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s1-kdump-configuration">Configuring the kdump Service</a></dt><dt>testing the configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">Testing the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>downloading, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>installing kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>kernel packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt><dt>package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>performing kernel upgrade, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">Performing the Upgrade</a></dt><dt>RPM package, <a class="indexterm" href="c
h-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt><dt>upgrade kernel available, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Security Advisories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt><dt>via Fedora Update System, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-download.html">Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt><dt>working boot media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Kernel Dump Configuration (see kdump)</dt><dt>kernel module</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">
Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt><dt>parameters to bonded interfaces, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>definition, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">Working with Kernel Modules</a></dt><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt> /lib/modules/kernel_version/kernel/drivers/ , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Ethernet module</dt><dd><dl><dt>supporting multiple cards, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/modules , <a
class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing</dt><dd><dl><dt>currently loaded modules, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt>module information, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>loading</dt><dd><dl><dt>at the boot time, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">Persistent Module Loading</a></dt><dt>for the current session, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>module parameters</dt><dd><dl><dt>bonding module parameters, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Bonding Module Directives</a></dt><dt>supplying, <a class="indexterm" hre
f="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">Setting Module Parameters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>unloading, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt>utilities</dt><dd><dl><dt> insmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dt> modprobe , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-k
ernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>kernel upgrading</dt><dd><dl><dt>preparing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">Preparing to Upgrade</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>keyboard configuration (see Region and Language)</dt><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>L</h3><dl><dt>language configuration (see Region and Language)</dt><dt>LDAP (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> Log File Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>filtering, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>searching, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>log files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><d
d><dl><dt>(see also Log Viewer )</dt><dt>additional resources</dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>description, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>locating, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>monitoring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">Monitoring Log Files</a></dt><dt>rotating, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt> rsyslogd daemon , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt><dt>viewing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></
dd><dt> Log Viewer </dt><dd><dl><dt>refresh rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">Viewing Log Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> logrotate , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">Locating Log Files</a></dt><dt>lsblk, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">Using the lsblk Command</a></dt><dt>lscpu, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">Using the lscpu Command</a></dt><dt> lsmod , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>lspci, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">Using the lspci Command</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-pci.html"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt><dt>lspcmcia, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">Using the lspcmcia Command</a></dt><dt>lsusb, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">Using the lsusb Command</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>M</h3><dl><dt>Mail Delivery Agent (see email)</dt><dt>Mail Transport Agent (see email) (see MTA)</dt><dt> Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>Mail User Agent, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see email)</dt><dt>MDA (see Mail Delivery Agent)</dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">Displaying Information About a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt> modprobe , <a class="
indexterm" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">Loading a Module</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>module (see kernel module)</dt><dt>module parameters (see kernel module)</dt><dt>MTA (see Mail Transport Agent)</dt><dd><dl><dt>setting default, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>switching with Mail Transport Agent Switcher , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>MUA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a> (see Mail User Agent)</dt><dt>Multihomed DHCP</dt><dd><dl><dt>host configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">Host Configuration</a></dt><dt>server configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sec
t-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multiple domains</dt><dd><dl><dt>specifying in SSSD, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">Support for Multiple Domains</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>N</h3><dl><dt>named (see BIND)</dt><dt>nameserver (see DNS)</dt><dt> net program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>network</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>commands</dt><dd><dl><dt> /sbin/ifdown , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></d
t><dt> /sbin/ifup , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">Interface Control Scripts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">Network Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>functions, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">Network Function Files</a></dt><dt>interface configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">Interface Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>interfaces</dt><dd><dl><dt>alias, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">Alias and Clone Files</a></dt><dt>channel bonding, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></dt><dt>clone, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">Alias and Clone Files</a></
dt><dt>dialup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html">Dialup Interfaces</a></dt><dt>Ethernet, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">Ethernet Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>scripts, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">Network Interfaces</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Network Time Protocol, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>NIC</dt><dd><dl><dt>binding into single channel, <a class="indexter
m" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">Using Channel Bonding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> nmblookup program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>NTP (see Network Time Protocol)</dt><dt>ntpd, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt><dt>ntpdate, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>O</h3><dl><dt> opannotate (see OProfile)</dt><dt> opcontrol (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OpenLDAP</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking status, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-status">Checking the Service Status</a></dt><dt>client applications, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-applicatio
ns">Overview of Common LDAP Client Applications</a></dt><dt>configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>database, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>global, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-setup">OpenLDAP Server Setup</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directives</dt><dd><dl><dt>olcAllows, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPending, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcConnMaxPendingAuth, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcDisallows, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcIdleTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcLogFile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReadOnly, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcReferral, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootDN, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcRootPW, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Conf
iguration</a></dt><dt>olcSuffix, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt><dt>olcWriteTimeout, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/cn=schema/, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>features, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-features">OpenLDAP Features</a></dt><dt>files</dt><dd><dl><dt>/etc/openldap/ldap.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif, <a cla
ss="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-global">Changing the Global Configuration</a></dt><dt>/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}bdb.ldif, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-database">Changing the Database-Specific Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>migrating authentication information, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-migrationtools">Migrating Old Authentication Information to LDAP Format</a></dt><dt>packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-restarting">Restarting the Service</a></dt><dt>running, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-starting">
Starting the Service</a></dt><dt>schema, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-configuration-schema">Extending Schema</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-running-stopping">Stopping the Service</a></dt><dt>terminology</dt><dd><dl><dt>attribute, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt>entry, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt><dt> LDIF , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-terminology">LDAP Terminology</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>utilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-servers">Overview of OpenLDAP Server Utilities</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s3-ldap-packages-openldap-clients">Overview of OpenLDAP Client Utilities</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSH, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html
">OpenSSH</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also SSH)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>client, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html">OpenSSH Clients</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> scp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt> sftp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">Using the sftp Utility</a></dt><dt> ssh , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">Using the ssh Utility</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>DSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Ke
y Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>server, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>ssh-keygen</dt><dd><dl><dt>DSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"
>Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt><dt>RSA Version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>using key-based authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>OpenSSL</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>SSL (see SSL)</dt><dt>TLS (see TLS)</dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport (see OProfile)</dt><dt>OProfile, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html">OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> /dev/oprofile/ , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Understan
ding /dev/oprofile/ </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>separating profiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>events</dt><dd><dl><dt>sampling rate, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-oprofile-events-sampling">Sampling Rate</a></dt><dt>setting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Java, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">OProfile Support for Java</a></dt><dt>monitoring the kernel, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> opannotate , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">Using opan
notate </a></dt><dt> opcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">Configuring OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> --no-vmlinux , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt><dt> --start , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt> --vmlinux= , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">Specifying the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ophelp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html">Setting Events to Monitor</a></dt><dt> opreport , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">Using opreport </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>on a single executable, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></dt></dl><
/dd><dt> oprofiled , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>log file, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>overview of tools, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">Overview of Tools</a></dt><dt>reading data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">Analyzing the Data</a></dt><dt>saving data, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">Saving Data</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></dt><dt>SystemTap, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">OProfile and SystemTap</a></dt><dt>unit mask, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">Unit Masks</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> oprofiled (see OProfile)</dt><dt> oprof_start , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-oprofile
-gui.html">Graphical Interface</a></dt><dt>OS/400 boot loader</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration file, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt><dt>configuring, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>P</h3><dl><dt>package</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt><dt>architecture, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">PackageKit Architecture</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installi
ng and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>managing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>updating packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing packages , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding and removing with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">Using Add/Remove Software</a></dt
><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Development, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Free, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Fi
lters</a></dt><dt>Hide Subpackages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>No Filter, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Development, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only End User Files, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Graphical, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packag
es with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Native Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>Only Newest Packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering with PackageKit for packages, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">Finding Packages with Filters</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files from, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>iFedora installation media, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>initial RPM repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="i
ndexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing and removing package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt><dt>installing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>installing RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>kernel</dt><dd><dl><dt>for single, multicore and multiprocessor systems, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-
Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-devel</dt><dd><dl><dt>kernel headers and makefiles, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-doc</dt><dd><dl><dt>documentation files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>kernel-headers</dt><dd><dl><dt>C header files files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>linux-firmware</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt> Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></
dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>locating documentation for, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>managing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>obtaining list of files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>packages
and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>perf</dt><dd><dl><dt>firmware files, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">Overview of Kernel Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>querying uninstalled, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>removing package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>removing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already
Installed</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dt>conflict, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening</a></dt><dt>pristine sources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying</a></dt><dt>removing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>source and binary packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>uninstalling
, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking interval, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>uninstalling packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><d
l><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Software Update, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>upgrading RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>viewing packages with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html">PackageKit</a></dt><
dt>viewing transaction log, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">Viewing the Transaction Log</a></dt><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt><dt>Yum instead of RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>partx, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">Using the partx Command</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>aging, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>expire, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>shadow, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> pdbedit program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.htm
l#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt><dt>Postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">Postfix</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mta.html#s3-email-mta-postfix-default">The Default Postfix Installation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>postfix, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt> prefdm (see X)</dt><dt>primary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Printer Configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">Printer Configuration</a></dt><dt>IPP Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">Adding an IPP Printer</a></dt><dt>LDP/LPR Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">Adding an LPD/LPR Hos
t or Printer</a></dt><dt>Local Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">Adding a Local Printer</a></dt><dt>New Printer, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Starting Printer Setup</a></dt><dt>Print Jobs, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#s1-printing-managing">Managing Print Jobs</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Settings, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#id620446">The Settings Page</a></dt><dt>Sharing Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-edit.html#sec-Sharing_Printers">Sharing Printers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>printers (see Printer Configuration)</dt><dt> proc file system</dt><dd><dl><dt> /proc/buddyinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html#s2-proc-buddyinfo"> /proc/buddyinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/bus/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html"> /proc/bus/ </a></dt><dt> /pro
c/bus/pci </dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing using lspci , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-pci.html"> /proc/bus/pci </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/cmdline , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html"> /proc/cmdline </a></dt><dt> /proc/cpuinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html"> /proc/cpuinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/crypto , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-crypto.html"> /proc/crypto </a></dt><dt> /proc/devices </dt><dd><dl><dt>block devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt><dt>character devices, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-devices.html"> /proc/devices </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/dma , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dma.html"> /proc/dma </a></dt><dt> /proc/driver/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html"> /proc/driver/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/execdomains , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"> /proc/execdomains </a></dt><dt> /proc/fb , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-fb.html
"> /proc/fb </a></dt><dt> /proc/filesystems , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html"> /proc/filesystems </a></dt><dt> /proc/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"> /proc/fs </a></dt><dt> /proc/interrupts , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-interrupts.html"> /proc/interrupts </a></dt><dt> /proc/iomem , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-iomem.html"> /proc/iomem </a></dt><dt> /proc/ioports , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-ioports.html"> /proc/ioports </a></dt><dt> /proc/irq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html"> /proc/irq/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/kcore , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-kcore.html"> /proc/kcore </a></dt><dt> /proc/kmsg , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-kmsg.html"> /proc/kmsg </a></dt><dt> /proc/loadavg , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-loadavg.html"> /proc/loadavg </a></dt><dt> /proc/locks , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-locks.html"> /proc/locks </a></dt><dt> /proc/mdstat , <a class="in
dexterm" href="s2-proc-mdstat.html"> /proc/mdstat </a></dt><dt> /proc/meminfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-meminfo.html"> /proc/meminfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/misc , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-misc.html"> /proc/misc </a></dt><dt> /proc/modules , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-modules.html"> /proc/modules </a></dt><dt> /proc/mounts , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-mounts.html"> /proc/mounts </a></dt><dt> /proc/mtrr , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-mtrr.html"> /proc/mtrr </a></dt><dt> /proc/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html"> /proc/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/partitions , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-partitions.html"> /proc/partitions </a></dt><dt> /proc/PID/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-pid.html"> /proc/PID/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/scsi/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"> /proc/scsi/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/self/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-directories.html#s3-proc-
self"> /proc/self/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/slabinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html"> /proc/slabinfo </a></dt><dt> /proc/stat , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-stat.html"> /proc/stat </a></dt><dt> /proc/swaps , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-swaps.html"> /proc/swaps </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also sysctl )</dt><dt> /proc/sys/dev/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-dev"> /proc/sys/dev/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/fs/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-fs"> /proc/sys/fs/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/kernel/exec-shield , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/
sys/kernel/ </a></dt><dt>/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq (see system request key)</dt><dt> /proc/sys/net/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-net"> /proc/sys/net/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/sys/vm/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-vm"> /proc/sys/vm/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> /proc/sysrq-trigger , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html"> /proc/sysrq-trigger </a></dt><dt> /proc/sysvipc/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"> /proc/sysvipc/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/tty/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-tty.html"> /proc/tty/ </a></dt><dt> /proc/uptime , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-uptime.html"> /proc/uptime </a></dt><dt> /proc/version , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-version.html"> /proc/version </a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html">References</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm"
href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html#s2-proc-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-additional-resources.html#s2-proc-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>changing files within, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-change">Changing Virtual Files</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>files within, top-level, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html">Top-level Files within the proc File System</a></dt><dt>introduced, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html">The proc File System</a></dt><dt>process directories, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-directories.html#s2-proc-processdirs">Process Directories</a></dt><dt>subdirectories within, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-directories.html">Directories within /proc/</a></dt><dt>viewing files within,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-proc.html#s2-proc-viewing">Viewing Virtual Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dt>Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html">Mail Delivery Agents</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">Procmail Configuration</a></dt><dt>recipes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">Procmail Recipes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>examples, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Recipe Examples</a></dt><dt>flags, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">Flags</a></dt><dt>local lockfiles, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">Specifying a Local Lockfile</a></dt><dt>non-delivering, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt><dt>special actions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt><dt>special conditions, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Special Conditions and Actions</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>ps, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">Using the ps Command</a></dt></dl>
</div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>R</h3><dl><dt>RAM, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt> rcp , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">Using the scp Utility</a></dt><dt>recursive nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt>Region and Language</dt><dd><dl><dt>date, time, and numeric format configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html">Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></dt><dt>keyboard configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html">Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></dt><dt>language configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">Changing the Language</a></dt><dt>system-wide settings, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html">Viewing the Current Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt
>removing package groups</dt><dd><dl><dt>removing package groups with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>resource record (see BIND)</dt><dt> rmmod , <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">Unloading a Module</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also kernel module)</dt></dl></dd><dt>rndc (see BIND)</dt><dt>root nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> rpcclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>RPM, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html">RPM</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>already installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-errors">Package Already Installed</a></dt><dt>basic modes, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html">Using RPM</a></
dt><dt>book about, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html">Related Books</a></dt><dt>checking package signatures, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>configuration file changes, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">Configuration File Changes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>conf.rpmsave, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html">Configuration File Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>conflicts, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt><dt>dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>design goals, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>powerful querying, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>system verification, <a clas
s="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt><dt>upgradability, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-RPM.html#s1-rpm-design">RPM Design Goals</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>determining file ownership with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>documentation with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>failed dependencies, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Unresolved Dependency</a></dt><dt>file conflicts</dt><dd><dl><dt>resolving, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-conflicting-files">Conflicting Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>file name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>finding deleted files with, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM
Usage</a></dt><dt>finding RPM packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-using.html#s2-rpm-finding">Finding RPM Packages</a></dt><dt>freshening, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html">Freshening</a></dt><dt>GnuPG, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>installing, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>md5sum, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Checking a Package's Signature</a></dt><dt>querying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-querying.html">Querying</a></dt><dt>querying for file list, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>querying uninstalled packages, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><dt>tips, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html">Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></dt><
dt>uninstalling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Uninstalling</a></dt><dt>upgrading, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html">Installing and Upgrading</a></dt><dt>verifying, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html">Verifying</a></dt><dt>website, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RPM Package Manager (see RPM)</dt><dt>RSA keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>RSA Version 1 keys</dt><dd><dl><dt>generating, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">Generating Key Pairs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> rsyslog , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>S</h3><dl><dt>Samba (see Sam
ba)</dt><dd><dl><dt>Abilities, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-abilities">Samba Features</a></dt><dt>Account Information Databases, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ldapsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> ldapsam_compat , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> mysqlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Plain Text, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs
">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt> xmlsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-resources">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-installed">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>related books, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-published">Related Books</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-resources-community">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Backward Compatible Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Pr
int_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dt>configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-configuring-cmdline">Command Line Configuration</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>default, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">Configuring a Samba Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>CUPS Printing Support, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-cups">Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>CUPS smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-cups-smb.conf">Simple smb.conf Settings</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>daemon, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba
-daemons">Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>nmbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>overview, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>smbd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt><dt>winbindd, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-services">Samba Daemons</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>encrypted passwords, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>graphical configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-configuring-gui">Graphical Configuration</a></dt><dt>Introduction, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print
_Servers.html#samba-rgs-overview">Introduction to Samba</a></dt><dt>Network Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">Samba Network Browsing</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Browsing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-browsing">Domain Browsing</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>New Database Back Ends, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">Samba Account Information Databases</a></dt><dt>Programs, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> findsmb , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> net , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba
Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> nmblookup , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> pdbedit , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> rpcclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcacls , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File
_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> testparm , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> wbinfo , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Reference, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">Samba</a></dt><dt>Samba Printers, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></dt><dt>Security Modes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">Samba Security Modes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Security Mode,
<a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-ads-security-mode">Active Directory Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Domain Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-security-mode">Domain Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Server Security Mode, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-server-security-mode">Server Security Mode (User-Level Security)</a></dt><dt>Share-Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-share-level">Share-Level Security</a></dt><dt>User Level Security, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-user-level">User-Level Security</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Server Types, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dt>server types</dt><dd><dl><dt>Domain Controller, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and
_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-controller">Domain Controller</a></dt><dt>Domain Member, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-domain-member">Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Stand Alone, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-standalone">Stand-alone Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>service</dt><dd><dl><dt>conditional restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>reloading, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Starting and Stopping Samba</a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop">Startin
g and Stopping Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>share</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to via the command line, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>connecting to with Nautilus, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-connect-share">Connecting to a Samba Share</a></dt><dt>mounting, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-mounting">Mounting the Share</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>smb.conf, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">Samba Server Types and the smb.conf File</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>Active Directory Member Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-domain-member-ads">Active Directory Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-anonprint">Anonymous Print Server</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read
Only example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadonly">Anonymous Read-Only</a></dt><dt>Anonymous Read/Write example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-anonreadwrite">Anonymous Read/Write</a></dt><dt>NT4-style Domain Member example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-domain-member-nt4">Windows NT4-based Domain Member Server</a></dt><dt>PDC using Active Directory, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-rgs-pdc-ads">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) with Active Directory</a></dt><dt>PDC using tdbsam , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-pdc-tdbsam">Primary Domain Controller (PDC) using tdbsam </a></dt><dt>Secure File and Print Server example, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s4-samba-standalone-readwriteall">Secure Read/Write File and Print Server</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> smbcl
ient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt>WINS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-wins">WINS (Windows Internet Name Server)</a></dt><dt>with Windows NT 4.0, 2000, ME, and XP, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> scp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>secondary nameserver (see BIND)</dt><dt> security plug-in (see Security)</dt><dt>Security-Related Packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">Sendmail</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>aliases, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-ema
il-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>common configuration changes, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt><dt>default installation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">The Default Sendmail Installation</a></dt><dt>LDAP and, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">Using Sendmail with LDAP</a></dt><dt>limitations, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>masquerading, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">Masquerading</a></dt><dt>purpose, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">Purpose and Limitations</a></dt><dt>spam, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-sendmail-stopping
-spam">Stopping Spam</a></dt><dt>with UUCP, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html#s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>sendmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-switchmail.html">Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></dt><dt>services configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Services and Daemons</a></dt><dd><dl><dt> ssystemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-services-running.html">Running Services</a></dt><dt> systemctl , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">Configuring Services</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sftp (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>shadow passwords</dt><dd><dl><dt>overview of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Shadow Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>slab pools (see /proc/slabinfo )</dt><dt>slapd (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> smbcacls program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-
File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbclient , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-connect-share-cmdline">Command Line</a></dt><dt> smbclient program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbcontrol program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbpasswd program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbspool program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbstatus program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt> smbtar program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-progr
ams">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>SpamAssassin</dt><dd><dl><dt>using with Procmail, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Spam Filters</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh (see OpenSSH)</dt><dt>SSH protocol</dt><dd><dl><dt>authentication, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-authentication">Authentication</a></dt><dt>configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>system-wide configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>user-specific configuration files, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">Configuration Files</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>connection sequence, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></dt><dt>features, <a class="indexterm"
href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">Main Features</a></dt><dt>insecure protocols, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>layers</dt><dd><dl><dt>channels, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-connection">Channels</a></dt><dt>transport layer, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-protocol-conn-transport">Transport Layer</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>port forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">Port Forwarding</a></dt><dt>requiring for remote login, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></dt><dt>security risks, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">Why Use SSH?</a></dt><dt>version 1, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></dt><dt>version 2, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">Protocol Versions</a></
dt><dt>X11 forwarding, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">X11 Forwarding</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> ssh-add , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt> ssh-agent , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Configuring ssh-agent</a></dt><dt>SSL, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>SSL server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>SSSD</dt><dd><dl><dt>Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Microsoft_Active_Directory_Domain">Configuring a Microsoft Active Directory Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring a proxy domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="
sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></dt><dt>Configuring an LDAP domain for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Selecting an LDAP schema for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt><dt>Setting Up Kerberos authentication for, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></dt><dt>Specifying timeout values for, <a class="indexterm" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Configuring_a_Native_LDAP_Domain">Configuring an LDAP Domain</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> startx
, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a> (see X)</dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd><dt> stunnel , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-email-mua.html#s3-email-security-servers">Securing Email Client Communications</a></dt><dt> sysconfig directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/sysconfig/apm-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-arpwatch"> /etc/sysconfig/arpwatch </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-authconfig"> /etc/sysconfig/authconfig </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/autofs , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-autofs"> /etc/sysconfig/autofs </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/cbq/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-
dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/clock , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-clock"> /etc/sysconfig/clock </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-dhcpd"> /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-firewall"> /etc/sysconfig/firstboot </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/init , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-init"> /etc/sysconfig/init </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ip6tables"> /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-kybd"> /etc/sysconfig/keyboard </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ldap , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Th
e_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ldap"> /etc/sysconfig/ldap </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/named , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-named"> /etc/sysconfig/named </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-network"> /etc/sysconfig/network </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">Network Interfaces</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also network)</dt></dl></dd><dt> /etc/sysconfig/networking/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-ntpd"> /etc/sysconfig/ntpd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/quagga , <a class="indexterm" hre
f="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-quagga"> /etc/sysconfig/quagga </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/radvd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-radvd"> /etc/sysconfig/radvd </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/samba , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-samba"> /etc/sysconfig/samba </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/selinux , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-selinux"> /etc/sysconfig/selinux </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-sendmail"> /etc/sysconfig/sendmail </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-spamd"> /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/squid , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-squid"> /etc/sysconfig/squid </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users , <a
class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-rcu"> /etc/sysconfig/system-config-users </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-vncservers"> /etc/sysconfig/vncservers </a></dt><dt> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s2-sysconfig-xinetd"> /etc/sysconfig/xinetd </a></dt><dt>additional information about, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html">The sysconfig Directory</a></dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html#s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>directories in, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html">Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt><dt>files
found in, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html#s1-sysconfig-files">Files in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt> sysctl </dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring with /etc/sysctl.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt><dt>controlling /proc/sys/ , <a class="indexterm" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Using the sysctl Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>SysRq (see system request key)</dt><dt>system analysis</dt><dd><dl><dt>OProfile (see OProfile)</dt></dl></dd><dt>system information</dt><dd><dl><dt>file systems, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>/dev/shm, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/run, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command</a></dt><dt>/sys/fs/cgroup, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">Using the df Command<
/a></dt></dl></dd><dt>gathering, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">System Monitoring Tools</a></dt><dt>hardware, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">Viewing Hardware Information</a></dt><dt>memory usage, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">Viewing Memory Usage</a></dt><dt>processes, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">Viewing System Processes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>currently running, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>System Monitor, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">Using the System Monitor Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">Using the S
ystem Monitor Tool</a></dt><dt>system request key</dt><dd><dl><dt>enabling, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>System Request Key</dt><dd><dl><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"> /proc/sys/ </a></dt><dt>setting timing for, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel"> /proc/sys/kernel/ </a></dt></dl></dd><dt> system-config-authentication (see Authentication Configuration Tool )</dt><dt>system-config-kdump (see kdump)</dt><dt>system-config-users (see user configuration and group configuration)</dt><dt> systemctl (see services configuration)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>T</h3><dl><dt> testparm program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>time, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time
Configuration Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">Changing the Date</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>time zone, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Date and Time)</dt></dl></dd><dt>TLB cache (see hugepages)</dt><dt>TLS, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">Setting Up an SSL Server</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also Apache HTTP Server)</dt></dl></dd><dt>tool</dt><dd><dl><dt> Authentication Configuration Tool , <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>top, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-s
ysinfo-system-processes-top">Using the top Command</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also X)</dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>U</h3><dl><dt>updating currently installed packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>available updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>updating packages with PackageKit</dt><dd><dl><dt>PolicyKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">Updating Packages with Software Update</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Accounts (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>adding users, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">Adding a New User</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>c
hanging full name, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing home directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing login shell, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>changing password, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>command line configuration</dt><dd><dl><dt>chage, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt><dt>passwd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>filtering list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redh
at-config-users-list">Viewing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>modify groups for a user, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>modifying users, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">Modifying User Properties</a></dt><dt>password</dt><dd><dl><dt>forcing expiration of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Enabling Password Aging</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>removing users, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">Removing a User</a></dt><dt>viewing list of users, <a class="indexterm" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">Using the User Accounts Tool</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-configui.html">Using the User Manager Tool</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>User Manager (see user configuration)</dt><dt>user private groups (see groups)</dt><dd><dl><dt>and shared directories, <a class="indexte
rm" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">Creating Group Directories</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>useradd command</dt><dd><dl><dt>user account creation using, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">Adding a New User</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>users (see user configuration)</dt><dd><dl><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt><dt>tools for management of</dt><dd><dl><dt>User Manager, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt><dt>useradd, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-users-tools.html">Using Command Line Tools</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>UID, <a c
lass="indexterm" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Managing Users and Groups</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>V</h3><dl><dt>virtual file system (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual files (see proc file system)</dt><dt>virtual host (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt> vsftpd , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>(see also FTP)</dt><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-resources.html#s3-ftp-useful-websites">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>condrestart, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>configuration file</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf , <a class="indexterm" href=
"s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>access controls, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>anonymous user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">Anonymous User Options</a></dt><dt>daemon options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">Daemon Options</a></dt><dt>directory options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">Directory Options</a></dt><dt>file transfer options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">File Transfer Options</a></dt><dt>format of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"> vsftpd Configuration Options</a></dt><dt>local user options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">Local User Options</a></dt><dt>logging opti
ons, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">Logging Options</a></dt><dt>login options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">Log In Options and Access Controls</a></dt><dt>network options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">Network Options</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>multihome configuration, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>restarting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>RPM</dt><dd><dl><dt>files installed by, <a class="indexterm" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">Files Installed with vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd><dt>security features, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-servers.html">FTP Servers</a></dt><dt>starting, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>st
arting multiple copies of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html#s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">Starting Multiple Copies of vsftpd </a></dt><dt>status, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt><dt>stopping, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Starting and Stopping vsftpd </a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>W</h3><dl><dt> wbinfo program, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">Samba Distribution Programs</a></dt><dt>web server (see Apache HTTP Server)</dt><dt>window managers (see X)</dt><dt>Windows 2000</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows 98</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Password
s</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows ME</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows NT 4.0</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Windows XP</dt><dd><dl><dt>connecting to shares using Samba, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s3-samba-encrypted-passwords">Encrypted Passwords</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>X</h3><dl><dt>X</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf </dt><dd><dl><dt>boolean values for, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> Device , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">The Device secti
on</a></dt><dt> DRI , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">The DRI section</a></dt><dt> Files section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">The Files section</a></dt><dt> InputDevice section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">The InputDevice section</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt> Monitor , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">The Monitor section</a></dt><dt> Screen , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">The Screen section</a></dt><dt> Section tag, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configurat
ion.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt><dt> ServerFlags section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">The ServerFlags section</a></dt><dt> ServerLayout section, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">ServerLayout</a></dt><dt>structure of, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html#s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">The Structure of the Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>additional resources, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>installed documentation, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html#s2-x-installed-documentation">Installed Documentation</a></dt><dt>useful websites, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html">Useful Websites</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration directory</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/
X11/xorg.conf.d , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>configuration files</dt><dd><dl><dt> /etc/X11/ directory, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt> /etc/X11/xorg.conf , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">The xorg.conf File</a></dt><dt>options within, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html">X Server Configuration Files</a></dt><dt>server options, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html">The xorg.conf.d Directory</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">The xorg.conf File</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>desktop environments</dt><dd><dl><dt>GNOME, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt>KDE, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt></dl></dd><
dt>display managers</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuration of preferred, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt>definition of, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> GNOME , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> KDE , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> prefdm script, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt><dt> xdm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>fonts</dt><dd><dl><dt>Fontconfig, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Fontconfig, adding fonts to, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html#s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</a></dt><dt>FreeType, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts.html">Fonts</a></dt><dt>Xft, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-fonts
.html">Fonts</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>introducing, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">The X Window System</a></dt><dt>runlevels</dt><dd><dl><dt>3, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>5, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Runlevel 5</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>runlevels and, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html">Runlevels and X</a></dt><dt>window managers</dt><dd><dl><dt> kwin , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> metacity , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> mwm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> twm , <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X clients, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">The X Window System</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html">D
esktop Environments and Window Managers</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>desktop environments, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-clients.html#s2-x-clients-desktop">Desktop Environments</a></dt><dt> startx command, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt><dt>window managers, <a class="indexterm" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html">Window Managers</a></dt><dt> xinit command, <a class="indexterm" href="s1-x-runlevels.html#s2-x-runlevels-3">Runlevel 3</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>X server, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">The X Window System</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>features of, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html#s1-x-server">The X Server</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>X Window System (see X)</dt><dt>X.500 (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt>X.500 Lite (see OpenLDAP)</dt><dt> xinit (see X)</dt><dt>Xorg (see Xorg)</dt></dl></div><div class="indexdiv"><h3>Y</h3><dl><dt>Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Additional Resources, <a class="indexterm"
href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">Additional Resources</a></dt><dt>configuring plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt><dt>disabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>displaying packages</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>displaying packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum info, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">Displaying Package Information</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>enabling plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec
-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>installing a package group with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>installing with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Installing.html">Installing Packages</a></dt><dt>listing packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>Glob expressions, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum grouplist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list all, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list available, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yum list installed, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt><dt>yu
m repolist, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html">Listing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>packages and package groups, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">Packages and Package Groups</a></dt><dt>plug-ins</dt><dd><dl><dt>fs-snapshot, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>presto, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>refresh-packagekit, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>rhnplugin, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt><dt>security, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">Plug-in Descriptions</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>repository, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html">Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a>, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html">Creating a
Yum Repository</a></dt><dt>searching for packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>searching packages with Yum</dt><dd><dl><dt>yum search, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">Searching Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>setting [main] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">Setting [main] Options</a></dt><dt>setting [repository] options, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">Setting [repository] Options</a></dt><dt>uninstalling package groups with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dt>uninstalling packages with Yum, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.html">Removing Packages</a></dt><dd><dl><dt>yum remove package_name, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Removing.
html">Removing Packages</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>variables, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html">Using Yum Variables</a></dt><dt>Yum plug-ins, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html">Yum Plug-ins</a></dt><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>configuring Yum and Yum repositories, <a class="indexterm" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt>Yum repositories</dt><dd><dl><dt>viewing Yum repositories with PackageKit, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">Setting the Software Sources</a></dt></dl></dd><dt>Yum Updates</dt><dd><dl><dt>checking for updates, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">Checking For Updates</a></dt><dt>updating a single package, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating all packages and dependencies, <a class="indext
erm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt><dt>updating security-related packages, <a class="indexterm" href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">Updating Packages</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix F. Revision History</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Basic_System_Configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Basic_System_Configuration.html
index 653b765..ea6b7f5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Basic_System_Configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Basic_System_Configuration.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html" title="Chapter 1. Language and Keyboard Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a
accesskey="n" href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id426409"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html" title="Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next
"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Basic_System_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part I. Basic System Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id496804"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers basic system administration tasks such as keyboard configuration, date and time configuration, and managing users and groups.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">1. Language and Keyboard Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html#sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration-Layouts.html">1.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html">2. Date and Time Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.1. Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration.html">2.2. Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><
dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Date_and_Time">2.2.1. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">2.2.2. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html">2.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources.html#sect-Date_and_Time_Configuration-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html
#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">3.2.3. Removin
g a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New
User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong>5. Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="
u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 1. Language and Keyboard Configuration</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html">1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html#sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Language">1.1. Changing the Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">2. Configuring the Date and Time</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span clas
s="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Date_and_Time">2.1. Using the Date and Time Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html">2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html">2.3. Ad
ditional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html#sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">3. Managing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s1-users-groups-introduction">3.1. Introduction to Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-private-groups">3.1.1. User Private Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">3.1.2. Shadow Passwords</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</a></sp
an></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html#sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html">3.2.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html">3.2.3. Removing a User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-configui.html#s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html">3.3.2. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-tools.html#s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html">3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="
section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">3.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html#s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Prev</strong>5. Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html
index 91863b4..786966a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Infrastructure_Services.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesske
y="n" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id413757"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesske
y="n" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Infrastructure_Services"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part IV. Infrastructure Services</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id508554"><div></div><div class="para">
This part provides information how to configure services and daemons, configure authentication, and enable remote logins.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">7. Services and Daemons</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s1-services-configuring">7.1. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-enabling">7.1.1. Enabling the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html#s3-services-configuration-disabling">7.1.2. Disabling the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html">7.2. Running Services</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-running.html#s3-services-running-checking">7.2.1. Checking the Service Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-running.html">7.2.2. Running the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span cla
ss="section"><a href="s3-services-running-stopping.html">7.2.3. Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-services-running-restarting.html">7.2.4. Restarting the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html">7.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-services-additional-resources.html#s2-services-additional-resources-installed">7.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-services-additional-resources-books.html">7.3.2. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html">8. Configuring Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool">8.1. The Authentication Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="c
h-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Identity_and_Authentication">8.1.1. Identity & Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Advanced_Options">8.1.2. Advanced Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Configuring_Authentication.html#sect-The_Authentication_Configuration_Tool-Command_Line_Version">8.1.3. Command Line Version</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html">8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html#sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-What_is_SSSD">8.2.1. What is SSSD?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html">8.2.2. SSSD Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD
_User_Guide-Setting_Up_SSSD.html">8.2.3. Setting Up SSSD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Services.html">8.2.4. Configuring Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html">8.2.5. Configuring Domains</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html">8.2.8. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Example_Configuration_Files-SSSD_Configuration_File_Format.html">8.2.9. SSSD Configuration File Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span c
lass="chapter"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html">9. OpenSSH</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s1-ssh-protocol">9.1. The SSH Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-why">9.1.1. Why Use SSH?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-features">9.1.2. Main Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-versions">9.1.3. Protocol Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OpenSSH.html#s2-ssh-conn">9.1.4. Event Sequence of an SSH Connection</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</a></span>
</dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-clients.html#s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html#s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</a
></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html">9.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html#s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html">9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>6.6. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 7. Services and Daemons</a></li></ul></bo
dy></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html
index c0951f1..ef8a22a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html" title="20.11.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id451726"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html" title="20.11.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Kernel_Module_and_Driver_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VII. Kernel, Module and Driver Configuration</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id503449"><div></div><div class="para">
This part covers various tools that assist administrators with kernel customization.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html">21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html#s1-kernel-packages">21.1. Overview of Kernel Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-preparing.html">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-download.html">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.htm
l#s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html">21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">22. Working with Kernel Modules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules">22.1. Listing Currently-Loaded Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html">22.3. Loading a Module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html">22.4. Unloading a Module</a><
/span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html#sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html">22.8. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html#s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-installed">22.8.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kernel-modules-additional-resources-websites.html">22.8.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-kdump.html">23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s1-kdump-configuration">23.1. Configuring the kdump Service</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-gui">23.1.1. Using the Kernel Dump Configuration Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-cli">23.1.2. Configuring kdump on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-kdump.html#s2-kdump-configuration-testing">23.1.3. Testing the Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-crash.html">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-crash.html#s2-kdump-cras
h-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html">23.2.7. Exiting the Utility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-resources.html">23.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-kdump-resources.html#s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span><
/dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html">23.3.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html
index 34aea69..efa1724 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Monitoring_and_Automation.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html" title="15.3.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id440773"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html" title="15.3.11. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Monitoring_and_Automation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part VI. Monitoring and Automation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id501353"><div></div><div class="para">
This part describes various tools that allow system administrators to monitor system performance, automate system tasks, and report bugs.
- </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysin
fo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html">16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sys
info-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring
.html">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-
global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-adding.html">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
s1-logfiles-examining.html">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. C
onfiguring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><
a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-abrt.html">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-abrt.html#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-installat
ion.html">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-cli.html">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html">19.4. Configuring ABRT</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events.html">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-event_c
onfiguration_in_gui.html">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-abrt.html">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting.html">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers.html">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash Collection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client.html">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client Syst
em</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information.html">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.2. Configuring OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-s
pace Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href
="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a hr
ef="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html">16. System Monitoring Tools</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s1-sysinfo-system-processes">16.1. Viewing System Processes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-ps">16.1.1. Using the ps Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-top">16.1.2. Using the top Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html#s2-sysinfo-system-processes-system_monitor">16.1.3. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html#s2-sysin
fo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html#s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html">16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html">16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sy
sinfo-filesystems-du.html">16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html#s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html">16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html#sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Installing">16.5.1. Installing Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Running.html">16.5.2. Running the Net-SNMP Daemon</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Configuring.html">16.5.3. Configuring Net-SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Retrieving.html">16.5.4. Retrieving Performance Data over SNMP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP-Extending.html">16.5.5. Extending Net-SNMP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html">16.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-sysinfo-additional-resources.html#s2-sysinfo-installed-docs">16.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl
></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html">17. Viewing and Managing Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s1-configuring-rsyslog">17.1. Configuring rsyslog</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-global-directives">17.1.1. Global Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-modules">17.1.2. Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rules">17.1.3. Rules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html#s2-rsyslog-cmd-options">17.1.4. <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span> Command Line Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html">17.2. Locating Log Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-locating.html#configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html">17.3. Viewing Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-adding.html">17.4. Adding a Log File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-logfiles-examining.html">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html">17.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html#s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html">17.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html">18. Automating System Tasks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sectio
n"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s1-autotasks-cron-anacron">18.1. Cron and Anacron</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-service">18.1.1. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-anacron-jobs">18.1.2. Configuring Anacron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-configuring-cron-jobs">18.1.3. Configuring Cron Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-autotasks-cron-access">18.1.4. Controlling Access to Cron</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html#s2-black-white-listing-of-cron-jobs">18.1.5. Black/White Listing of Cron Jobs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html">18.2. At and Batch</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect
ion"><a href="s1-autotasks-at-batch.html#s2-autotasks-at-configuring">18.2.1. Configuring At Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html">18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-viewing.html">18.2.3. Viewing Pending Jobs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-commandline-options.html">18.2.4. Additional Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-controlling-access.html">18.2.5. Controlling Access to At and Batch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html">18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html">18.3. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html#s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1.
Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-abrt.html">19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (<span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span>)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-abrt.html#sect-abrt-overview">19.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-installation.html">19.2. Installing <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> and Starting its Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html">19.3. Running <span class="application"><strong>ABRT</strong></span> </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-running.html#sect-abrt-gui">19.3.1. Using the Graphical User Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-cli.html">19.3.2. Using the Command Line Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html">19.4. Configuring ABRT</
a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration.html#sect-abrt-configuration-events">19.4.1. ABRT Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-events-default_events.html">19.4.2. Standard ABRT Installation Supported Events</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-event_configuration_in_gui.html">19.4.3. Event Configuration in ABRT GUI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-abrt.html">19.4.4. ABRT Specific Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-automatic_reporting.html">19.4.5. Configuring Automatic Reporting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-configuration-proxy_servers.html">19.4.6. Uploading and reporting using a proxy server</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html">19.5. Configuring Centralized Crash C
ollection</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection.html#sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-server">19.5.1. Configuration Steps Required on a Dedicated System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-client.html">19.5.2. Configuration Steps Required on a Client System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-centralized_crash_collection-saving_package_information.html">19.5.3. Saving Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-abrt-crash_detection_test.html">19.5.4. Testing ABRT's Crash Detection</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-OProfile.html">20. OProfile</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-OProfile.html#s1-oprofile-overview-tools">20.1. Overview of Tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html">20.2. Configuring OPro
file</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html#s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-events.html">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-starting.html">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">20.4. Saving Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html">20.5. Analyzing the Data</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html#s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html">20.5.2.
Using opreport on a Single Executable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html">20.7. Example Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html#s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">20.9. Graphical Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="
s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html">20.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html#s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html">20.11.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Networking.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Networking.html
index c25de37..69a8c5b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Networking.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Networking.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="5.4. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html"><str
ong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Networking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Networking</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id441487"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="5.4. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html"><str
ong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Networking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part III. Networking</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id516160"><div></div><div class="para">
This part describes how to configure the network on Fedora.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">6. Network Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html#s1-networkscripts-files">6.1. Network Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html#s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-netw
orkscripts-interfaces-other.html">6.2.5. Other Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-control.html">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html">6.4. Configuring Static Routes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html">6.5. Network Function Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html">6.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html#s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>5.4. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 6. Network Interfaces</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Package_Management.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Package_Management.html
index 03771e0..8659407 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Package_Management.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Package_Management.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html" title="3.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-y
um.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id441449"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html" title="3.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-y
um.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Package_Management"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part II. Package Management</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id516117"><div></div><div class="para">
All software on a Fedora system is divided into RPM packages, which can be installed, upgraded, or removed. This part describes how to manage packages on Fedora using both <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> and the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> suite of graphical package management tools.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-yum.html">4. Yum</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_and_Updating_Packages">4.1. Checking For and Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Checking_For_Updates">4.1.1. Checking For Updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Updating_Packages">4.1.2. Updating Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-yum.html#sec-Preserving_Configuration_File_Changes">4.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html#sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec
-Listing_Packages.html">4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing.html">4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Removing.html">4.2.5. Removing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html">4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Yum_
Variables.html">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html">4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html#sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html">4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></span></dt></dl></dd
><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Additional_Resources.html">4.5. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html">5. PackageKit</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Updating_Packages_with_Software_Update">5.1. Updating Packages with Software Update</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_checking_for_updates">5.1.1. Setting the Update-Checking Interval</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-PackageKit.html#sec-Setting_preferences_for_software_sources">5.1.2. Setting the Software Sources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html#sec-Refreshing_Software_Sources_Yum_Repositories">5.2.1. Refreshing Software Sources (Yum Repos
itories)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html">5.4. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html">
<strong>Prev</strong>3.5. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-yum.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 4. Yum</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Servers.html
index 4f44710..844784f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Servers.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/part-Servers.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html" title="9.5.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-DHCP_
Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id413795"><div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html" title="9.5.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-DHCP_
Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="part" id="part-Servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div text-align="center"><h1 class="title">Part V. Servers</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" id="id508592"><div></div><div class="para">
This part discusses various topics related to servers such as how to set up a Web server or share files and directories over the network.
</div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html">10. DHCP Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html#s1-dhcp-why">10.1. Why Use DHCP?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="lease-database.html">10.2.2. Lease Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02s03.html">10.2.3. Starting and Stopping the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="dhcp-relay-agent.html">10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configu
ring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html#sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html">10.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html#s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html">11. DNS Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s1-Introduction_to_DNS">11.1. Introduction to DNS</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">11.1.1. Nameserver Zones</a></
span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-nameservers">11.1.2. Nameserver Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-bind">11.1.3. BIND as a Nameserver</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html">11.2. BIND</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-BIND.html#s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-zone.html">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-rndc.html">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-dig.html">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-features.html">11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-bind-mistakes.html">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></span></dt><dt><s
pan class="section"><a href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html">11.2.7. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html">12. Web Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s1-The_Apache_HTTP_Server">12.1. The Apache HTTP Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-features">12.1.1. New Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-changes">12.1.2. Notable Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-version2-migrating">12.1.3. Updating the Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-running">12.1.4. Running the httpd Service</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-editing">12.1.5. Editing the Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt
><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-dso">12.1.6. Working with Modules</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-virtualhosts">12.1.7. Setting Up Virtual Hosts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-mod_ssl">12.1.8. Setting Up an SSL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Web_Servers.html#s2-apache-resources">12.1.9. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html">13. Mail Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s1-email-protocols">13.1. Email Protocols</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-send">13.1.1. Mail Transport Protocols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Mail_Servers.html#s2-email-protocols-client">13.1.2. Mail Access Protocols</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt>
<span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html">13.2. Email Program Classifications</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-types.html#s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mda.html">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-types-mua.html">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html">13.3. Mail Transport Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mta.html#s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html">13.3.2. Sendmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html">13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-switchmail.html">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span
class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html">13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mda.html#s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html">13.5. Mail User Agents</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-mua.html#s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">13.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-email-additional-resources.html#s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-useful-websites.html">13.6.2. Useful Websites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-email-relat
ed-books.html">13.6.3. Related Books</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html">14. Directory Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s1-OpenLDAP">14.1. OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-introduction">14.1.1. Introduction to LDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-installation">14.1.2. Installing the OpenLDAP Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-configuration">14.1.3. Configuring an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-running">14.1.4. Running an OpenLDAP Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-pam">14.1.5. Configuring a System to Authenticate Using OpenLDAP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sec
tion"><a href="ch-Directory_Servers.html#s2-ldap-resources">14.1.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html">15. File and Print Servers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s1-Samba">15.1. Samba</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#samba-rgs-overview">15.1.1. Introduction to Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-daemons">15.1.2. Samba Daemons and Related Services</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-connect-share">15.1.3. Connecting to a Samba Share</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-configuring">15.1.4. Configuring a Samba Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-startstop"
>15.1.5. Starting and Stopping Samba</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-servers">15.1.6. Samba Server Types and the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-security-modes">15.1.7. Samba Security Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-account-info-dbs">15.1.8. Samba Account Information Databases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-network-browsing">15.1.9. Samba Network Browsing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-cups">15.1.10. Samba with CUPS Printing Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html#s2-samba-programs">15.1.11. Samba Distribution Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch-File_and_Print_Serve
rs.html#s2-samba-resources">15.1.12. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html">15.2. FTP</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-FTP.html#s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-servers.html">15.2.2. FTP Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s2-ftp-resources.html">15.2.6. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html">15.3. Printer C
onfiguration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html#sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html">15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-select-model.html">15.3.8. Selecting the
Printer Model and Finishing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-test-page.html">15.3.9. Printing a test page</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-edit.html">15.3.10. Modifying Existing Printers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="s1-printing-additional-resources.html">15.3.11. Additional Resources</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>9.5.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 10. DHCP Servers</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01.html
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><stron
g>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="id478297" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="id478297" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="prev" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="index.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><stron
g>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="preface" id="id650161" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="id650161" class="title">Preface</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">Deployment Guide</em> contains information on how to customize the Fedora 16 system to fit your needs. If you are looking for a comprehensive, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system, this is the manual for you.
</div><div class="para">
This manual discusses many intermediate topics such as the following:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03.html
index 4f2fd37..f778615 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s02.
html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id424637">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html" title="2. How to Read this Book" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s02.
html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="id651424">3. Document Conventions</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information.
</div><div class="para">
In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id424663">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id648715">3.1. Typographic Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Four typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s02.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s02.html
index dc838a4..55a5e8d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s02.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s02.html
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Next</strong></a>
</li></ul><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id624629">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Next</strong></a>
</li></ul><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id651357">3.2. Pull-quote Conventions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Terminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text.
</div><div class="para">
Output sent to a terminal is set in <code class="computeroutput">mono-spaced roman</code> and presented thus:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s03.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s03.html
index a347148..c8df774 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s03.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/pr01s03s03.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html" title="4. Feedback" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html"><stro
ng>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id488301">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01s03.html" title="3. Document Conventions" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s02.html" title="3.2. Pull-quote Conventions" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html" title="4. Feedback" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s02.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Preface-Feedback.html"><stro
ng>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="id616716">3.3. Notes and Warnings</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-BIND.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-BIND.html
index 525d2f2..978a524 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-BIND.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-BIND.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. DNS Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. DNS Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-zone.html" title="11.2.2. Editing Zone Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-zone.h
tml"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-BIND" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</h2></div></div></div><a id="id677425" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. DNS Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. DNS Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-zone.html" title="11.2.2. Editing Zone Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-zone.h
tml"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-BIND" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-BIND">11.2. BIND</h2></div></div></div><a id="id748904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This chapter covers <code class="systemitem">BIND</code> (Berkeley Internet Name Domain), the DNS server included in Fedora. It focuses on the structure of its configuration files, and describes how to administer it both locally and remotely.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-namedconf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</h3></div></div></div><a id="id677420" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-bind-namedconf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-namedconf">11.2.1. Configuring the named Service</h3></div></div></div><a id="id748898" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service is started, it reads the configuration from the files as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-BIND.html#table-bind-namedconf-files">Table 11.1, “The named service configuration files”</a>.
- </div><a id="id677390" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677375" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id677362" class="indexterm"></a><div class="table" id="table-bind-namedconf-files"><h6>Table 11.1. The named service configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The named service configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="path" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
+ </div><a id="id748868" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748854" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id748840" class="indexterm"></a><div class="table" id="table-bind-namedconf-files"><h6>Table 11.1. The named service configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The named service configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="path" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Path
</th><th>
Description
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
If you have installed the <span class="package">bind-chroot</span> package, the BIND service will run in the <code class="filename">/var/named/chroot</code> environment. In that case, the initialization script will mount the above configuration files using the <code class="command">mount --bind</code> command, so that you can manage the configuration outside this environment.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state">11.2.1.1. Common Statement Types</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following types of statements are commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id677024" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id748502" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">acl</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">acl</code> (Access Control List) statement allows you to define groups of hosts, so that they can be permitted or denied access to the nameserver. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">acl <em class="replaceable"><code>acl-name</code></em> {
@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ options {
blackhole { black-hats; };
allow-query { red-hats; };
allow-query-cache { red-hats; };
-};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id676800" class="indexterm"></a>
+};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id748279" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">include</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">include</code> statement allows you to include files in the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, so that potentially sensitive data can be placed in a separate file with restricted permissions. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">include "<em class="replaceable"><code>file-name</code></em>"</pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>file-name</code></em> statement name is an absolute path to a file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-namedconf-common-include"><h6>Example 11.2. Including a file to /etc/named.conf</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id676738" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-namedconf-common-include"><h6>Example 11.2. Including a file to /etc/named.conf</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id748216" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">options</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">options</code> statement allows you to define global server configuration options as well as to set defaults for other statements. It can be used to specify the location of the <code class="systemitem">named</code> working directory, the types of queries allowed, and much more. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">options {
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ options {
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
-};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id676243" class="indexterm"></a>
+};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id747722" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">zone</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">zone</code> statement allows you to define the characteristics of a zone, such as the location of its configuration file and zone-specific options, and can be used to override the global <code class="option">options</code> statements. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">zone <em class="replaceable"><code>zone-name</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>zone-class</code></em>] {
@@ -291,12 +291,12 @@ options {
masters { 192.168.0.1; };
};</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state-other"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-state-other">11.2.1.2. Other Statement Types</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following types of statements are less commonly used in <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id675684" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id747163" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">controls</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">controls</code> statement allows you to configure various security requirements necessary to use the <code class="command">rndc</code> command to administer the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-rndc.html">Section 11.2.3, “Using the rndc Utility”</a> for more information on the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility and its usage.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id675630" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id747109" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">key</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">key</code> statement allows you to define a particular key by name. Keys are used to authenticate various actions, such as secure updates or the use of the <code class="command">rndc</code> command. Two options are used with <code class="option">key</code>:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
@@ -305,29 +305,29 @@ options {
<code class="option">secret "<em class="replaceable"><code>key-value</code></em>"</code> — The encrypted key.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-rndc.html">Section 11.2.3, “Using the rndc Utility”</a> for more information on the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility and its usage.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id675544" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id747023" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">logging</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">logging</code> statement allows you to use multiple types of logs, so called <em class="firstterm">channels</em>. By using the <code class="option">channel</code> option within the statement, you can construct a customized type of log with its own file name (<code class="option">file</code>), size limit (<code class="option">size</code>), versioning (<code class="option">version</code>), and level of importance (<code class="option">severity</code>). Once a customized channel is defined, a <code class="option">category</code> option is used to categorize the channel and begin logging when the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service is restarted.
</div><div class="para">
By default, <code class="systemitem">named</code> sends standard messages to the <code class="systemitem">rsyslog</code> daemon, which places them in <code class="filename">/var/log/messages</code>. Several standard channels are built into BIND with various severity levels, such as <code class="literal">default_syslog</code> (which handles informational logging messages) and <code class="literal">default_debug</code> (which specifically handles debugging messages). A default category, called <code class="literal">default</code>, uses the built-in channels to do normal logging without any special configuration.
</div><div class="para">
Customizing the logging process can be a very detailed process and is beyond the scope of this chapter. For information on creating custom BIND logs, refer to the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em> referenced in <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-installed-docs">Section 11.2.7.1, “Installed Documentation”</a>.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id675440" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746919" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">server</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">server</code> statement allows you to specify options that affect how the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service should respond to remote nameservers, especially with regard to notifications and zone transfers.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="option">transfer-format</code> option controls the number of resource records that are sent with each message. It can be either <code class="literal">one-answer</code> (only one resource record), or <code class="literal">many-answers</code> (multiple resource records). Note that while the <code class="literal">many-answers</code> option is more efficient, it is not supported by older versions of BIND.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id675381" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746859" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">trusted-keys</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">trusted-keys</code> statement allows you to specify assorted public keys used for secure DNS (DNSSEC). Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-dnssec">Section 11.2.5.4, “DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)”</a> for more information on this topic.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id675338" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746817" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="option">view</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="option">view</code> statement allows you to create special views depending upon which network the host querying the nameserver is on. This allows some hosts to receive one answer regarding a zone while other hosts receive totally different information. Alternatively, certain zones may only be made available to particular trusted hosts while non-trusted hosts can only make queries for other zones.
</div><div class="para">
Multiple views can be used as long as their names are unique. The <code class="option">match-clients</code> option allows you to specify the IP addresses that apply to a particular view. If the <code class="option">options</code> statement is used within a view, it overrides the already configured global options. Finally, most <code class="option">view</code> statements contain multiple <code class="option">zone</code> statements that apply to the <code class="option">match-clients</code> list.
</div><div class="para">
Note that the order in which the <code class="option">view</code> statements are listed is important, as the first statement that matches a particular client's IP address is used. For more information on this topic, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-features.html#s3-bind-features-views">Section 11.2.5.1, “Multiple Views”</a>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm">11.2.1.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id675266" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-namedconf-comm">11.2.1.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id746745" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Additionally to statements, the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> file can also contain comments. Comments are ignored by the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service, but can prove useful when providing additional information to a user. The following are valid comment tags:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="literal">//</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Any text after the <code class="literal">//</code> characters to the end of the line is considered a comment. For example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-FTP.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-FTP.html
index 3ed13ca..95a87ab 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-FTP.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-FTP.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="15.2.2. FTP Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id631205" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id512080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="15.2.2. FTP Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-FTP" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-FTP">15.2. FTP</h2></div></div></div><a id="id560942" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565593" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">File Transfer Protocol</em> (<code class="systemitem">FTP</code>) is one of the oldest and most commonly used protocols found on the Internet today. Its purpose is to reliably transfer files between computer hosts on a network without requiring the user to log directly into the remote host or have knowledge of how to use the remote system. It allows users to access files on remote systems using a standard set of simple commands.
</div><div class="para">
This section outlines the basics of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol, as well as configuration options for the primary <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server shipped with Fedora, <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id659782" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-protocol">15.2.1. The File Transfer Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id602811" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
However, because <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> is so prevalent on the Internet, it is often required to share files to the public. System administrators, therefore, should be aware of the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> protocol's unique characteristics.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">15.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id511840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id607683" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id484881" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627695" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-protocol-multiport">15.2.1.1. Multiple Ports, Multiple Modes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id578569" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id652050" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id651577" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586193" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Unlike most protocols used on the Internet, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> requires multiple network ports to work properly. When an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> client application initiates a connection to an <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server, it opens port <code class="constant">21</code> on the server — known as the <em class="firstterm">command port</em>. This port is used to issue all commands to the server. Any data requested from the server is returned to the client via a <em class="firstterm">data port</em>. The port number for data connections, and the way in which data connections are initialized, vary depending upon whether the client requests the data in <em class="firstterm">active</em> or <em class="firstterm">passive</em> mode.
</div><div class="para">
The following defines these modes:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html
index d7a69b0..c21469e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-additional-resources.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html" title="18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service" /><link rel="next" href="ch-abrt.html" title="Chapter 19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.ht
ml"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-abrt.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id647645" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id482312" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id482326" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.html" title="18.2.6. Starting and Stopping the Service" /><link rel="next" href="ch-abrt.html" title="Chapter 19. Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-autotasks-at-batch-service.ht
ml"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-abrt.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-additional-resources">18.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id686684" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id745289" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642339" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To learn more about configuring automated tasks, refer to the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-autotasks-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-autotasks-installed-docs">18.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">cron</code> man page — contains an overview of cron.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html
index 93b41bd..10bcf7d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-autotasks-at-batch.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html" title="18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><s
trong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="id579864" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id672466" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /><link rel="next" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html" title="18.2.2. Configuring Batch Jobs" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><s
trong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-autotasks-batch-configuring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-autotasks-at-batch">18.2. At and Batch</h2></div></div></div><a id="id702160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id619353" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
While cron is used to schedule recurring tasks, the <code class="command">at</code> command is used to schedule a one-time task at a specific time and the <code class="command">batch</code> command is used to schedule a one-time task to be executed when the systems load average drops below 0.8.
</div><div class="para">
To use <code class="command">at</code> or <code class="command">batch</code>, the <code class="filename">at</code> RPM package must be installed, and the <code class="command">atd</code> service must be running. To determine if the package is installed, use the <code class="command">rpm -q at</code> command. To determine if the service is running, use the following command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-check-rpm-sig.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>A.3. Checking a Package's Signature</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.3. Checking a Package's Signature</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="A.2.7. Verifying" /><link rel="next" href="s2-keys-checking.html" title="A.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-keys-checking.h
tml"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-check-rpm-sig">A.3. Checking a Package's Signature</h2></div></div></div><a id="id615568" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix B. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="B.2.7. Verifying" /><link rel="next" href="s2-keys-checking.html" title="B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-keys-checking.h
tml"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="s1-check-rpm-sig" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-check-rpm-sig">B.3. Checking a Package's Signature</h2></div></div></div><a id="id652272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you wish to verify that a package has not been corrupted or tampered with, you can examine just the md5sum by entering this command at the shell prompt: (where <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> is the file name of the RPM package):
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -K --nosignature <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> </code>
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
The output <code class="computeroutput"><em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em>: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK</code> (specifically the <span class="emphasis"><em>OK</em></span> part of it) indicates that the file was not corrupted during download. To see a more verbose message, replace <code class="option">-K</code> with <code class="option">-Kvv</code> in the command.
</div><div class="para">
On the other hand, how trustworthy is the developer who created the package? If the package is <em class="firstterm">signed</em> with the developer's GnuPG <em class="firstterm">key</em>, you know that the developer really is who they say they are.
- </div><a id="id654383" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id654397" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id654410" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id651776" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id651790" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id691158" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An RPM package can be signed using <em class="firstterm">Gnu Privacy Guard</em> (or GnuPG), to help you make certain your downloaded package is trustworthy.
</div><div class="para">
GnuPG is a tool for secure communication; it is a complete and free replacement for the encryption technology of PGP, an electronic privacy program. With GnuPG, you can authenticate the validity of documents and encrypt/decrypt data to and from other recipients. GnuPG is capable of decrypting and verifying PGP 5.<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em> files as well.
</div><div class="para">
During installation, GnuPG is installed by default, which enables you to immediately start using it to verify any packages that you download from the Fedora Project. Before doing so, you first need to import the correct Fedora key.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-keys-importing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-importing">A.3.1. Importing Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-keys-importing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-importing">B.3.1. Importing Keys</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Fedora GnuPG keys are located in the <code class="filename">/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/</code> directory. To verify a Fedora Project package, first import the correct key based on your processor architecture:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-<em class="replaceable"><code>x86_64</code></em></code>
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@
To display details about a specific key, use <code class="command">rpm -qi</code> followed by the output from the previous command:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-57bbccba-4a6f97af</code>
-</pre></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.2.7. Verifying</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-keys-checking.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2.7. Verifying</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-keys-checking.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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"n" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id586277" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html" title="10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)" /><link rel="next" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html" title="Chapter 11. DNS Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey=
"n" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-additional-resources">10.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id683055" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For additional information, refer to <em class="citetitle">The DHCP Handbook; Ralph Droms and Ted Lemon; 2003</em> or the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-dhcp-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-dhcp-installed-docs">10.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dhcpd</code> man page — Describes how the DHCP daemon works.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html
index c1c62eb..9dc8705 100644
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html" title="10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html" title="10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</h2></div></div></div><a id="id546356" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id546370" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html" title="10.2.4. DHCP Relay Agent" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html" title="10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="dhcp-relay-agent.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-client">10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client</h2></div></div></div><a id="id707114" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id629584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure a DHCP client manually, modify the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code> file to enable networking and the configuration file for each network device in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts</code> directory. In this directory, each device should have a configuration file named <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code>, where <code class="filename">eth0</code> is the network device name.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</code> file should contain the following lines:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html
index 6985347..9ed24e2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="next" href="lease-database.html" title="10.2.2. Lease Database" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="lease-datab
ase.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id601833" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="next" href="lease-database.html" title="10.2.2. Lease Database" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="lease-datab
ase.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp-configuring-server">10.2. Configuring a DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id701757" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">dhcp</code> package contains an ISC DHCP server. First, install the package as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install dhcp</code></pre><div class="para">
Installing the <code class="filename">dhcp</code> package creates a file, <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>, which is merely an empty configuration file:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
The sample configuration file can be found at <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/dhcp-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/dhcpd.conf.sample</code>. You should use this file to help you configure <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>, which is explained in detail below.
</div><div class="para">
DHCP also uses the file <code class="filename">/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases</code> to store the client lease database. Refer to <a class="xref" href="lease-database.html">Section 10.2.2, “Lease Database”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="config-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id580612" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id608196" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="config-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="config-file">10.2.1. Configuration File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id557249" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id557262" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The first step in configuring a DHCP server is to create the configuration file that stores the network information for the clients. Use this file to declare options and global options for client systems.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration file can contain extra tabs or blank lines for easier formatting. Keywords are case-insensitive and lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are considered comments.
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
Parameters — State how to perform a task, whether to perform a task, or what network configuration options to send to the client.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Declarations — Describe the topology of the network, describe the clients, provide addresses for the clients, or apply a group of parameters to a group of declarations.
- </div></li></ul></div><a id="id579684" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><a id="id645845" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The parameters that start with the keyword option are referred to as <em class="firstterm">options</em>. These options control DHCP options; whereas, parameters configure values that are not optional or control how the DHCP server behaves.
- </div><a id="id579707" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id645867" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Parameters (including options) declared before a section enclosed in curly brackets ({ }) are considered global parameters. Global parameters apply to all the sections below it.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Restart the DHCP daemon for the changes to take effect</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If the configuration file is changed, the changes do not take effect until the DHCP daemon is restarted. To do so, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
Instead of changing a DHCP configuration file and restarting the service each time, using the <code class="command">omshell</code> command provides an interactive way to connect to, query, and change the configuration of a DHCP server. By using <code class="command">omshell</code>, all changes can be made while the server is running. For more information on <code class="command">omshell</code>, refer to the <code class="command">omshell</code> man page.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#subnet">Example 10.1, “Subnet declaration”</a>, the <code class="filename">routers</code>, <code class="filename">subnet-mask</code>, <code class="filename">domain-search</code>, <code class="filename">domain-name-servers</code>, and <code class="filename">time-offset</code> options are used for any <code class="filename">host</code> statements declared below it.
- </div><a id="id568347" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id557737" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Additionally, a <code class="filename">subnet</code> can be declared, a <code class="filename">subnet</code> declaration must be included for every subnet in the network. If it is not, the DHCP server fails to start.
</div><div class="para">
In this example, there are global options for every DHCP client in the subnet and a <code class="filename">range</code> declared. Clients are assigned an IP address within the <code class="filename">range</code>.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option host-name "apex.example.com";
hardware ethernet 00:A0:78:8E:9E:AA;
fixed-address 192.168.1.4;
-}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id495753" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id590528" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
All subnets that share the same physical network should be declared within a <code class="filename">shared-network</code> declaration as shown in <a class="xref" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#shared-network">Example 10.4, “Shared-network declaration”</a>. Parameters within the <code class="filename">shared-network</code>, but outside the enclosed <code class="filename">subnet</code> declarations, are considered to be global parameters. The name of the <code class="filename">shared-network</code> must be a descriptive title for the network, such as using the title 'test-lab' to describe all the subnets in a test lab environment.
</div><div class="example" id="shared-network"><h6>Example 10.4. Shared-network declaration</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">shared-network name {
option domain-search "test.redhat.com";
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
parameters for subnet
range 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.254;
}
-}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id586651" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+}</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id691778" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As demonstrated in <a class="xref" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-server.html#group">Example 10.5, “Group declaration”</a>, the <code class="filename">group</code> declaration is used to apply global parameters to a group of declarations. For example, shared networks, subnets, and hosts can be grouped.
</div><div class="example" id="group"><h6>Example 10.5. Group declaration</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">group {
option routers 192.168.1.254;
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html
index 34df9ee..4ecbe96 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html" title="10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html" title="10.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.
html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</h2></div></div></div><a id="id486396" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id486408" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html" title="10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html" title="10.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.
html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6">10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)</h2></div></div></div><a id="id704902" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704914" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The ISC DHCP includes support for IPv6 (DHCPv6) since the 4.x release with a DHCPv6 server, client and relay agent functionality. The server, client and relay agents support both IPv4 and IPv6. However, the client and the server can only manage one protocol at a time — for dual support they must be started separately for IPv4 and IPv6.
</div><div class="para">
The DHCPv6 server configuration file can be found at <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html
index 715f6a5..0880126 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-additional-resources.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="13.5. Mail User Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="13.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mua.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-
useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id467296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id531903" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id531918" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id655461" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="13.5. Mail User Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="13.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mua.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-
useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-additional-resources">13.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id728180" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id728194" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id643318" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id643332" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of additional documentation about email applications.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id476686" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-installed-docs">13.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id717372" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Information on configuring Sendmail is included with the <code class="filename">sendmail</code> and <code class="filename">sendmail-cf</code> packages.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> — Contains information on the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, file locations for Sendmail, supported mailers, how to access enhanced features, and more.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mda.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mda.html
index 85f2455..524ad0a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mda.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mda.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
Fedora includes two primary MDAs, Procmail and <code class="command">mail</code>. Both of the applications are considered LDAs and both move email from the MTA's spool file into the user's mailbox. However, Procmail provides a robust filtering system.
</div><div class="para">
This section details only Procmail. For information on the <code class="command">mail</code> command, consult its man page (<code class="command">man mail</code>).
- </div><a id="id472536" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id587958" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id596802" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596816" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail delivers and filters email as it is placed in the mail spool file of the localhost. It is powerful, gentle on system resources, and widely used. Procmail can play a critical role in delivering email to be read by email client applications.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail can be invoked in several different ways. Whenever an MTA places an email into the mail spool file, Procmail is launched. Procmail then filters and files the email for the MUA and quits. Alternatively, the MUA can be configured to execute Procmail any time a message is received so that messages are moved into their correct mailboxes. By default, the presence of <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> or of a <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file (also called an <em class="firstterm">rc</em> file) in the user's home directory invokes Procmail whenever an MTA receives a new message.
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
Whether Procmail acts upon an email message depends upon whether the message matches a specified set of conditions or <em class="firstterm">recipes</em> in the <code class="filename">rc</code> file. If a message matches a recipe, then the email is placed in a specified file, is deleted, or is otherwise processed.
</div><div class="para">
When Procmail starts, it reads the email message and separates the body from the header information. Next, Procmail looks for a <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrc</code> file and <code class="filename">rc</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/procmailrcs</code> directory for default, system-wide, Procmail environmental variables and recipes. Procmail then searches for a <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. Many users also create additional <code class="filename">rc</code> files for Procmail that are referred to within the <code class="filename">.procmailrc</code> file in their home directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id610839" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644612" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-configuration">13.4.1. Procmail Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id647662" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606390" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Procmail configuration file contains important environmental variables. These variables specify things such as which messages to sort and what to do with the messages that do not match any recipes.
</div><div class="para">
These environmental variables usually appear at the beginning of the <code class="filename">~/.procmailrc</code> file in the following format:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mta.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mta.html
index 49eceea..66b9460 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mta.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mta.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
Fedora offers two primary MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. Postfix is configured as the default MTA, although it is easy to switch the default MTA to Sendmail. To switch the default MTA to Sendmail, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, you can either uninstall Postfix or use the following command to switch to Sendmail:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">alternatives --config mta</code></pre><div class="para">
You can also use the following command to enable/disable the desired service:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable|disable <em class="replaceable"><code>service</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656707" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id519978" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable|disable <em class="replaceable"><code>service</code></em>.service</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-postfix"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-postfix">13.3.1. Postfix</h3></div></div></div><a id="id719243" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id601692" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Originally developed at IBM by security expert and programmer Wietse Venema, Postfix is a Sendmail-compatible MTA that is designed to be secure, fast, and easy to configure.
</div><div class="para">
To improve security, Postfix uses a modular design, where small processes with limited privileges are launched by a <em class="firstterm">master</em> daemon. The smaller, less privileged processes perform very specific tasks related to the various stages of mail delivery and run in a change rooted environment to limit the effects of attacks.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
Configuring Postfix to accept network connections from hosts other than the local computer takes only a few minor changes in its configuration file. Yet for those with more complex needs, Postfix provides a variety of configuration options, as well as third party add-ons that make it a very versatile and full-featured MTA.
</div><div class="para">
The configuration files for Postfix are human readable and support upward of 250 directives. Unlike Sendmail, no macro processing is required for changes to take effect and the majority of the most commonly used options are described in the heavily commented files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default">13.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id590472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-postfix-default">13.3.1.1. The Default Postfix Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id598618" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The Postfix executable is <code class="filename">/usr/sbin/postfix</code>. This daemon launches all related processes needed to handle mail delivery.
</div><div class="para">
Postfix stores its configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/</code> directory. The following is a list of the more commonly used files:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mua.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mua.html
index 09918ae..b081f57 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mua.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-mua.html
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
The remainder of this section focuses on securing communication between a client and a server.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-email-security"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-security">13.5.1. Securing Communication</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
Popular MUAs included with Fedora, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span> and <code class="command">mutt</code> offer SSL-encrypted email sessions.
- </div><a id="id652578" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id612802" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like any other service that flows over a network unencrypted, important email information, such as usernames, passwords, and entire messages, may be intercepted and viewed by users on the network. Additionally, since the standard <code class="systemitem">POP</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols pass authentication information unencrypted, it is possible for an attacker to gain access to user accounts by collecting usernames and passwords as they are passed over the network.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-clients">13.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="id649028" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-clients">13.5.1.1. Secure Email Clients</h4></div></div></div><a id="id564843" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Linux MUAs designed to check email on remote servers support SSL encryption. To use SSL when retrieving email, it must be enabled on both the email client and the server.
</div><div class="para">
SSL is easy to enable on the client-side, often done with the click of a button in the MUA's configuration window or via an option in the MUA's configuration file. Secure <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> have known port numbers (<code class="constant">993</code> and <code class="constant">995</code>, respectively) that the MUA uses to authenticate and download messages.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-servers">13.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id518180" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590535" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-security-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-security-servers">13.5.1.2. Securing Email Client Communications</h4></div></div></div><a id="id647549" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567374" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Offering SSL encryption to <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> and <code class="systemitem">POP</code> users on the email server is a simple matter.
</div><div class="para">
First, create an SSL certificate. This can be done in two ways: by applying to a <em class="firstterm">Certificate Authority</em> (<em class="firstterm">CA</em>) for an SSL certificate or by creating a self-signed certificate.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-types.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-types.html
index d116167..0dde69c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-types.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-email-types.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2
-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="id648646" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html" title="Chapter 13. Mail Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Mail_Servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2
-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-email-types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-email-types">13.2. Email Program Classifications</h2></div></div></div><a id="id558968" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In general, all email applications fall into at least one of three classifications. Each classification plays a specific role in the process of moving and managing email messages. While most users are only aware of the specific email program they use to receive and send messages, each one is important for ensuring that email arrives at the correct destination.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id662129" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id546462" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id499131" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mta"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mta">13.2.1. Mail Transport Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id602072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644693" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644707" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MTA</em>) transports email messages between hosts using <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>. A message may involve several MTAs as it moves to its intended destination.
</div><div class="para">
While the delivery of messages between machines may seem rather straightforward, the entire process of deciding if a particular MTA can or should accept a message for delivery is quite complicated. In addition, due to problems from spam, use of a particular MTA is usually restricted by the MTA's configuration or the access configuration for the network on which the MTA resides.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-crash.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-crash.html
index 4c6194a..0c20da4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-crash.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-crash.html
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-kdump.html" title="Chapter 23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-kdump.html" title="Chapter 23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html" title="23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-kdump.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="ne
xt"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-crash"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</h2></div></div></div><a id="id636167" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-kdump.html" title="Chapter 23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-kdump.html" title="Chapter 23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html" title="23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-kdump.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="ne
xt"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-crash"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-crash">23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump</h2></div></div></div><a id="id654583" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To determine the cause of the system crash, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> utility, which provides an interactive prompt very similar to the GNU Debugger (GDB). This utility allows you to interactively analyze a running Linux system as well as a core dump created by <code class="systemitem">netdump</code>, <code class="systemitem">diskdump</code>, <code class="systemitem">xendump</code>, or <code class="systemitem">kdump</code>.
- </div><a id="id646577" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id595356" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To analyze the <code class="filename">vmcore</code> dump file, you must have the <span class="package">crash</span> and <span class="package">kernel-debuginfo</span> packages installed. To install these packages, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install crash</code>
<code class="command">debuginfo-install kernel</code></pre><div class="para">
For more information on how to install new packages in Fedora, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id622409" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-running">23.2.1. Running the crash Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id586510" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the utility, type the command in the following form at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">crash /var/crash/<em class="replaceable"><code>timestamp</code></em>/vmcore /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel</code></em>/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
Note that the <em class="replaceable"><code>kernel</code></em> version should be the same that was captured by <code class="systemitem">kdump</code>. To find out which kernel you are currently running, use the <code class="command">uname -r</code> command.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-resources.html
index 766cac7..ee8995d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kdump-resources.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-kdump.html" title="Chapter 23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html" title="23.2.7. Exiting the Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html" title="23.3.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"
><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id485140" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485160" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man kdump.conf</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-kdump.html" title="Chapter 23. The kdump Crash Recovery Service" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html" title="23.2.7. Exiting the Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html" title="23.3.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"
><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-resources-online.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kdump-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kdump-resources">23.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-installed">23.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id702872" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702892" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man kdump.conf</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="filename">/etc/kdump.conf</code> configuration file containing the full documentation of available options.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man makedumpfile</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for the <code class="command">makedumpfile</code> core collector containing the full documentation on its usage.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html
index 9468013..53ba1ab 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-boot-loader.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html" title="21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p
" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="id502984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html" title="21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p
" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-boot-loader">21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader</h2></div></div></div><a id="id629477" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you install a kernel using <code class="command">rpm</code>, the kernel package creates an entry in the boot loader configuration file for that new kernel. However, <code class="command">rpm</code> does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> configure the new kernel to boot as the default kernel. You must do this manually when installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code>.
</div><div class="para">
It is always recommended to double-check the boot loader configuration file after installing a new kernel with <code class="command">rpm</code> to ensure that the configuration is correct. Otherwise, the system may not be able to boot into Fedora properly. If this happens, boot the system with the boot media created earlier and re-configure the boot loader.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
z/IPL
</td><td>
—
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id646412" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-kernel-boot-loader-grub">21.6.1. Configuring the GRUB Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id569812" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569824" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
GRUB's configuration file, <code class="filename">/boot/grub/grub.conf</code>, contains a few lines with directives, such as <code class="computeroutput">default</code>, <code class="computeroutput">timeout</code>, <code class="computeroutput">splashimage</code> and <code class="computeroutput">hiddenmenu</code> (the last directive has no argument). The remainder of the file contains 4-line <em class="firstterm">stanzas</em> that each refer to an installed kernel. These stanzas always start with a <code class="computeroutput">title</code> entry, after which the associated <code class="computeroutput">root</code>, <code class="computeroutput">kernel</code> and <code class="computeroutput">initrd</code> directives should always be indented. Ensure that each stanza starts with a <code class="computeroutput">title</code> that contains a version number (in parentheses) that matches the version number in the <code class="computeroutput">kernel /vmlinuz-<em class="replaceable">
<code>version_number</code></em></code> line of the same stanza.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-_boot_grub_grub.conf"><h6>Example 21.1. /boot/grub/grub.conf</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"># grub.conf generated by anaconda
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[comments omitted]</span></em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html
index 9babdf9..68b48f0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-download.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="21.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html" title="21.4. Performing the Upgrade" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Prev</strong>
</a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="id487455" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id487467" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506840" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html" title="21.2. Preparing to Upgrade" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html" title="21.4. Performing the Upgrade" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-preparing.html"><strong>Prev</strong>
</a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-download"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-download">21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel</h2></div></div></div><a id="id642212" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642224" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739261" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id527762" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are several ways to determine if an updated kernel is available for the system.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Security Advisories — Refer to <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA">http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FSA</a> for information on Security Advisories, including kernel upgrades that fix security issues.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html
index 0001881..3f0e080 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kerne
l-download.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id609028" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html" title="21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kerne
l-download.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade">21.4. Performing the Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id562819" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
After retrieving all of the necessary packages, it is time to upgrade the existing kernel.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Keep the old kernel when performing the upgrade</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
It is strongly recommended that you keep the old kernel in case there are problems with the new kernel.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html
index d4ed846..5a440d1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-kernel-preparing.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Manually_Upgr
ading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-download.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id576207" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id576215" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id572160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id670282" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-download.html" title="21.3. Downloading the Upgraded Kernel" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Manually_Upgr
ading_the_Kernel.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-download.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-kernel-preparing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-kernel-preparing">21.2. Preparing to Upgrade</h2></div></div></div><a id="id741306" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741314" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644173" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before upgrading the kernel, it is recommended that you take some precautionary steps.
</div><div class="para">
First, ensure that working boot media exists for the system in case a problem occurs. If the boot loader is not configured properly to boot the new kernel, the system cannot be booted into Fedora without working boot media.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html
index bedfedd..e0acb7c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-log-files-additional-resources.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html" title="17.5. Monitoring Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html" title="17.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html"><strong>Prev</str
ong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-log-files-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-log-files-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-log-files-additional-resources">17.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
To learn more about <span class="application"><strong>rsyslog</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>logrotate</strong></span>, and log files in general, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id468714" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-installed-docs">17.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id640001" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rsyslogd</code> manual page — Type <code class="command">man rsyslogd</code> to learn more about <code class="command">rsyslogd</code> and its many options.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rsyslog.conf</code> manual page — Type <code class="command">man rsyslog.conf</code> to learn more about the <code class="command">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration file and its many options.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-examining.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-examining.html
index fde9bcb..e70bd9c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-examining.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-examining.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html" title="17.4. Adding a Log File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="17.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Prev</stro
ng></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id628814" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id573157" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html" title="17.4. Adding a Log File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="17.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Prev</stro
ng></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-examining"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-examining">17.5. Monitoring Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id718288" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id603886" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> monitors all opened logs by default. If a new line is added to a monitored log file, the log name appears in bold in the log list. If the log file is selected or displayed, the new lines appear in bold at the bottom of the log file. <a class="xref" href="s1-logfiles-examining.html#fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring">Figure 17.6, “Log File Viewer — new log alert”</a> illustrates a new alert in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>yum.log</strong></span> log file and in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file. Clicking on the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>messages</strong></span> log file displays the logs in the file with the new lines in bold.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer-monitoring"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer-alerts.png" alt="Log File Viewer — new log alert" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Log File Viewer — new log alert
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-locating.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-locating.html
index 5f962c5..4d03337 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-locating.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-locating.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html" title="17.3. Viewing Log Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_L
og_Files.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id575282" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html" title="17.3. Viewing Log Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_L
og_Files.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-locating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-locating">17.2. Locating Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id702246" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most log files are located in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory. Some applications such as <code class="command">httpd</code> and <code class="command">samba</code> have a directory within <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> for their log files.
- </div><a id="id618517" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599908" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id558915" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609415" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You may notice multiple files in the <code class="filename">/var/log/</code> directory with numbers after them (for example, <code class="filename">cron-20100906</code>). These numbers represent a timestamp that has been added to a rotated log file. Log files are rotated so their file sizes do not become too large. The <code class="filename">logrotate</code> package contains a cron task that automatically rotates log files according to the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file and the configuration files in the <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="section" id="configuring-logrotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="configuring-logrotate">17.2.1. Configuring logrotate</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a sample <code class="filename">/etc/logrotate.conf</code> configuration file:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-viewing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-viewing.html
index 9716bc2..551f842 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-viewing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-logfiles-viewing.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html" title="17.2. Locating Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html" title="17.4. Adding a Log File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><
li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id606111" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.html" title="Chapter 17. Viewing and Managing Log Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html" title="17.2. Locating Log Files" /><link rel="next" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html" title="17.4. Adding a Log File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-logfiles-locating.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><
li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-logfiles-adding.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-logfiles-viewing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-logfiles-viewing">17.3. Viewing Log Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id689634" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most log files are in plain text format. You can view them with any text editor such as <code class="command">Vi</code> or <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span>. Some log files are readable by all users on the system; however, <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges are required to read most log files.
- </div><a id="id635971" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id684972" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view system log files in an interactive, real-time application, use the <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span>.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the gnome-system-log package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use the <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">gnome-system-log</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
After you have installed the <span class="package">gnome-system-log</span> package, you can open the <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> by selecting <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type the following command at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">gnome-system-log</code></pre><div class="para">
The application only displays log files that exist; thus, the list might differ from the one shown in <a class="xref" href="s1-logfiles-viewing.html#fig-redhat-logviewer">Figure 17.1, “ Log File Viewer ”</a>.
- </div><a id="id621420" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id579849" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer.png" alt="Log File Viewer" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id579894" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id557384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-logviewer"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer.png" alt="Log File Viewer" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Log File Viewer
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.1. Log File Viewer </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id656737" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 17.1. Log File Viewer </h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id707243" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Log File Viewer</strong></span> application lets you filter any existing log file. Click on <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Filters</strong></span> from the menu and select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Manage Filters</strong></span> to define or edit your desired filter.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-redhat-filters"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-log-viewer-filters-manage.png" alt="Log File Viewer — filters" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Log File Viewer — filters
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-control.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-control.html
index 2df8760..a05fdc7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-control.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-control.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html" title="6.2.5. Other Interfaces" /><link rel="next" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html" title="6.4. Configuring Static Routes" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html"><strong>P
rev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-control"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id489832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489854" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489875" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489889" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html" title="6.2.5. Other Interfaces" /><link rel="next" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html" title="6.4. Configuring Static Routes" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html"><strong>P
rev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-control"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-control">6.3. Interface Control Scripts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id614565" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614586" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614621" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The interface control scripts activate and deactivate system interfaces. There are two primary interface control scripts that call on control scripts located in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory: <code class="command">/sbin/ifdown</code> and <code class="command">/sbin/ifup</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">ifup</code> and <code class="filename">ifdown</code> interface scripts are symbolic links to scripts in the <code class="filename">/sbin/</code> directory. When either of these scripts are called, they require the value of the interface to be specified, such as:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-functions.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-functions.html
index 6d45157..5d435c6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-functions.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-functions.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html" title="6.4. Configuring Static Routes" /><link rel="next" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html"><strong>Prev</str
ong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id490637" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html" title="6.4. Configuring Static Routes" /><link rel="next" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html" title="6.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html"><strong>Prev</str
ong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-networkscripts-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-functions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-functions">6.5. Network Function Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id615346" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora makes use of several files that contain important common functions used to bring interfaces up and down. Rather than forcing each interface control file to contain these functions, they are grouped together in a few files that are called upon when necessary.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions</code> file contains the most commonly used IPv4 functions, which are useful to many interface control scripts. These functions include contacting running programs that have requested information about changes in the status of an interface, setting hostnames, finding a gateway device, verifying whether or not a particular device is down, and adding a default route.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html
index b5d66c6..e0a085a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html" title="6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html"><strong>Prev</strong></
a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id476914" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id476927" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html" title="6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html"><strong>Prev</strong></
a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-interfaces">6.2. Interface Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id658702" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658716" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Interface configuration files control the software interfaces for individual network devices. As the system boots, it uses these files to determine what interfaces to bring up and how to configure them. These files are usually named <code class="filename">ifcfg-<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> </code>, where <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> refers to the name of the device that the configuration file controls.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id476966" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id498188" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-eth0">6.2.1. Ethernet Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id658755" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658773" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
One of the most common interface files is <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code>, which controls the first Ethernet <em class="firstterm">network interface card</em> or <em class="firstterm">NIC</em> in the system. In a system with multiple NICs, there are multiple <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth<em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> </code> files (where <em class="replaceable"><code>X</code></em> is a unique number corresponding to a specific interface). Because each device has its own configuration file, an administrator can control how each interface functions individually.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a sample <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code> file for a system using a fixed IP address:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-resources.html
index ef7b165..3fc3d49 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-resources.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html" title="6.5. Network Function Files" /><link rel="next" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html"><strong>Prev</stron
g></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id490693" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html" title="Chapter 6. Network Interfaces" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html" title="6.5. Network Function Files" /><link rel="next" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html" title="Part IV. Infrastructure Services" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-functions.html"><strong>Prev</stron
g></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Infrastructure_Services.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-networkscripts-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-networkscripts-resources">6.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id615395" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following are resources which explain more about network interfaces.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-docs-inst"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-docs-inst">6.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/sysconfig.txt</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A guide to available options for network configuration files, including IPv6 options not covered in this chapter.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html
index 8e80be9..3bb45d8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-networkscripts-static-routes.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
If static routes are required, they can be configured for each interface. This can be useful if you have multiple interfaces in different subnets. Use the <code class="command">route</code> command to display the IP routing table.
</div><div class="para">
Static route configuration is stored in a <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> </code> file. For example, static routes for the eth0 interface would be stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0</code> file. The <code class="filename">route-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> </code> file has two formats: IP command arguments and network/netmask directives.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id490348">IP Command Arguments Format</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id615056">IP Command Arguments Format</h5>
Define a default gateway on the first line. This is only required if the default gateway is not set via DHCP:
</div><pre class="programlisting">default via <em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em> dev <em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em></pre><div class="para">
<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em> is the IP address of the default gateway. The <em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> is the interface that is connected to, or can reach, the default gateway.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
Static routes should only be configured for other subnets. The above example is not necessary, since packets going to the 10.10.10.0/24 and 172.16.1.0/24 networks will use the default gateway anyway. Below is an example of setting static routes to a different subnet, on a machine in a 192.168.0.0/24 subnet. The example machine has an eth0 interface in the 192.168.0.0/24 subnet, and an eth1 interface (10.10.10.1) in the 10.10.10.0/24 subnet:
</div><pre class="programlisting">10.10.10.0/24 via 10.10.10.1 dev eth1</pre><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Duplicate default gateways</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If the default gateway is already assigned from DHCP, the IP command arguments format can cause one of two errors during start-up, or when bringing up an interface from the down state using the <code class="command">ifup</code> command: "RTNETLINK answers: File exists" or 'Error: either "to" is a duplicate, or "<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em>" is a garbage.', where <em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em> is the gateway, or a different IP address. These errors can also occur if you have another route to another network using the default gateway. Both of these errors are safe to ignore.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id490479">Network/Netmask Directives Format</h5>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id615188">Network/Netmask Directives Format</h5>
You can also use the network/netmask directives format for <code class="filename">route-<em class="replaceable"><code>interface</code></em> </code> files. The following is a template for the network/netmask format, with instructions following afterwards:
</div><pre class="programlisting">ADDRESS0=<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em>
NETMASK0=<em class="replaceable"><code>X.X.X.X</code></em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html
index 1d2896f..127875d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-openssh-additional-resources.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="9.4.2. Port Forwarding" /><link rel="next" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html" title="9.5.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
ref="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id580657" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580669" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="9.4.2. Port Forwarding" /><link rel="next" href="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html" title="9.5.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
ref="s2-openssh-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-openssh-additional-resources">9.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id655899" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id655911" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The OpenSSH and OpenSSL projects are in constant development, and the most up-to-date information for them is available from their websites. The man pages for OpenSSH and OpenSSL tools are also good sources of detailed information.
</div><div class="section" id="s2-openssh-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-openssh-installed-docs">9.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man ssh</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page for <span class="application"><strong>ssh</strong></span> containing the full documentation on its usage.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html
index ca3780f..86ef311 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.10. OProfile and SystemTap" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html" title="20.11.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a
accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id612247" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.10. OProfile and SystemTap" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html" title="20.11.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a
accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-additional-resources">20.11. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id565668" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This chapter only highlights OProfile and how to configure and use it. To learn more, refer to the following resources.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-installed-docs">20.11.1. Installed Docs</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/oprofile-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/oprofile.html</code> — <em class="citetitle">OProfile Manual</em>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html
index c6a207d..391cb9f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.4. Saving Data" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id587268" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.4. Saving Data" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data">20.5. Analyzing the Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id644305" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Periodically, the OProfile daemon, <code class="command">oprofiled</code>, collects the samples and writes them to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory. Before reading the data, make sure all data has been written to this directory by executing the following command as root:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --dump</code></pre><div class="para">
Each sample file name is based on the name of the executable. For example, the samples for the default event on a Pentium III processor for <code class="command">/bin/bash</code> becomes:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
The executable being profiled must be used with these tools to analyze the data. If it must change after the data is collected, back up the executable used to create the samples as well as the sample files. Please note that the sample file and the binary have to agree. Making a backup is not going to work if they do not match. <code class="command">oparchive</code> can be used to address this problem.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Samples for each executable are written to a single sample file. Samples from each dynamically linked library are also written to a single sample file. While OProfile is running, if the executable being monitored changes and a sample file for the executable exists, the existing sample file is automatically deleted. Thus, if the existing sample file is needed, it must be backed up, along with the executable used to create it before replacing the executable with a new version. The OProfile analysis tools use the executable file that created the samples during analysis. If the executable changes the analysis tools will be unable to analyze the associated samples. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html">Section 20.4, “Saving Data”</a> for details on how to back up the sample file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id574460" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id650282" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport">20.5.1. Using <code class="command">opreport</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id719081" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id732923" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opreport</code> tool provides an overview of all the executables being profiled.
</div><div class="para">
The following is part of a sample output:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html
index d352246..1e86869 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.9. Graphical Interface" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html" title="20.11. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hr
ef="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="id476595" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.9. Graphical Interface" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html" title="20.11. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hr
ef="s1-oprofile-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap">20.10. OProfile and SystemTap</h2></div></div></div><a id="id586223" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SystemTap is a tracing and probing tool that allows users to study and monitor the activities of the operating system in fine detail. It provides information similar to the output of tools like <code class="command">netstat</code>, <code class="command">ps</code>, <code class="command">top</code>, and <code class="command">iostat</code>; however, SystemTap is designed to provide more filtering and analysis options for collected information.
</div><div class="para">
While using OProfile is suggested in cases of collecting data on where and why the processor spends time in a particular area of code, it is less usable when finding out why the processor stays idle.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html
index 5c84273..d259489 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-configuring.html
@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OProfile.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-even
ts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id583887" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609182" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485866" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OProfile.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-even
ts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-configuring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-configuring">20.2. Configuring OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id591975" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id591989" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id655081" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before OProfile can be run, it must be configured. At a minimum, selecting to monitor the kernel (or selecting not to monitor the kernel) is required. The following sections describe how to use the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> utility to configure OProfile. As the <code class="command">opcontrol</code> commands are executed, the setup options are saved to the <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> file.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="id471186" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-kernel">20.2.1. Specifying the Kernel</h3></div></div></div><a id="id560374" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
First, configure whether OProfile should monitor the kernel. This is the only configuration option that is required before starting OProfile. All others are optional.
</div><div class="para">
To monitor the kernel, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="id624535" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id707930" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/`uname -r`/vmlinux</code></pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Install the debuginfo package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package for the kernel must be installed (which contains the uncompressed kernel) in order to monitor the kernel.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
To configure OProfile not to monitor the kernel, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="id572206" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id591603" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --setup --no-vmlinux</code></pre><div class="para">
This command also loads the <code class="computeroutput">oprofile</code> kernel module, if it is not already loaded, and creates the <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory, if it does not already exist. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html">Section 20.6, “Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> ”</a> for details about this directory.
</div><div class="para">
Setting whether samples should be collected within the kernel only changes what data is collected, not how or where the collected data is stored. To generate different sample files for the kernel and application libraries, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html">Section 20.2.3, “Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html
index 3fa765c..2ff39b8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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cesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </h2></div></div></div><a id="id533181" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id533199" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.5.4. Using opannotate" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html" title="20.7. Example Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a ac
cesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile">20.6. Understanding <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> </h2></div></div></div><a id="id612502" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id770104" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> directory contains the file system for OProfile. Use the <code class="command">cat</code> command to display the values of the virtual files in this file system. For example, the following command displays the type of processor OProfile detected:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">cat /dev/oprofile/cpu_type</code></pre><div class="para">
A directory exists in <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/</code> for each counter. For example, if there are 2 counters, the directories <code class="filename">/dev/oprofile/0/</code> and <code class="filename">dev/oprofile/1/</code> exist.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html
index 99c5d95..9b36098 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-gui.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="id494771" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html" title="20.8. OProfile Support for Java" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html" title="20.10. OProfile and SystemTap" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-java-support.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next">
<a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-and-systemtap.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-gui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-gui">20.9. Graphical Interface</h2></div></div></div><a id="id640132" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some OProfile preferences can be set with a graphical interface. To start it, execute the <code class="command">oprof_start</code> command as root at a shell prompt. To use the graphical interface, you will need to have the <code class="filename">oprofile-gui</code> package installed.
</div><div class="para">
After changing any of the options, save them by clicking the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Save and quit</strong></span> button. The preferences are written to <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code>, and the application exits. Exiting the application does not stop OProfile from sampling.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html
index daad458..ab21126 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-java-support.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="id630736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html" title="20.7. Example Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html" title="20.9. Graphical Interface" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-example-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s
1-oprofile-gui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-support"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-java-support">20.8. OProfile Support for Java</h2></div></div></div><a id="id528651" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile allows you to profile dynamically compiled code (also known as "just-in-time" or JIT code) of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). OProfile in Fedora 16 includes build-in support for the JVM Tools Interface (JVMTI) agent library, which supports Java 1.5 and higher.
</div><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-java-profiling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-java-profiling">20.8.1. Profiling Java Code</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To profile JIT code from the Java Virtual Machine with the JVMTI agent, add the following to the JVM startup parameters:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html
index 5fbf361..7b16300 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-saving-data.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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sskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id468536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a acce
sskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-saving-data">20.4. Saving Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id595490" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes it is useful to save samples at a specific time. For example, when profiling an executable, it may be useful to gather different samples based on different input data sets. If the number of events to be monitored exceeds the number of counters available for the processor, multiple runs of OProfile can be used to collect data, saving the sample data to different files each time.
</div><div class="para">
To save the current set of sample files, execute the following command, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> with a unique descriptive name for the current session.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html
index b965b04..ac8a58e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-oprofile-starting.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.4. Saving Data" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id583539" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OProfile.html" title="Chapter 20. OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html" title="20.4. Saving Data" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-saving-data.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-oprofile-starting"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-oprofile-starting">20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile</h2></div></div></div><a id="id726200" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start monitoring the system with OProfile, execute the following command as root:
- </div><a id="id645232" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id633661" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --start</code></pre><div class="para">
Output similar to the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Using log file /var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log Daemon started. Profiler running.</pre><div class="para">
The settings in <code class="filename">/root/.oprofile/daemonrc</code> are used.
- </div><a id="id607589" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id620997" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id621015" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id586918" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id591155" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id571141" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The OProfile daemon, <code class="command">oprofiled</code>, is started; it periodically writes the sample data to the <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/samples/</code> directory. The log file for the daemon is located at <code class="filename">/var/lib/oprofile/oprofiled.log</code>.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Disable the nmi_watchdog registers</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
On a Fedora 16 system, the <code class="computeroutput">nmi_watchdog</code> registers with the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem. Due to this, the <code class="computeroutput">perf</code> subsystem grabs control of the performance counter registers at boot time, blocking OProfile from working.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html
index 5ad159b..6d5ed67 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-edit.html
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@
To delete an existing printer, in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> window, select the printer and go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Printer</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Delete</strong></span>. Confirm the printer deletion. Alternatively, press the <span class="keycap"><strong>Delete</strong></span> key.
</div><div class="para">
To set the default printer, right-click the printer in the printer list and click the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Set As Default</strong></span> button in the context menu.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id477386">15.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="id477393" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id620446">15.3.10.1. The Settings Page</h4></div></div></div><a id="id610101" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To change printer driver configuration, double-click the corresponding name in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Printer</strong></span> list and click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> label on the left to display the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Settings</strong></span> page.
</div><div class="para">
You can modify printer settings such as make and model, print a test page, change the device location (URI), and more.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-printconf-config1"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config1.png" alt="Settings page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Settings Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id630383">15.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.11. Settings page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id596839">15.3.10.2. The Policies Page</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> button on the left to change settings in printer state and print output.
</div><div class="para">
You can select the printer states, configure the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Error Policy</strong></span> of the printer (you can decide to abort the print job, retry, or stop it if an error occurs).
</div><div class="para">
You can also create a <em class="firstterm">banner page</em> (a page that describes aspects of the print job such as the originating printer, the username from the which the job originated, and the security status of the document being printed): click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Starting Banner </strong></span> or <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ending Banner</strong></span> drop-menu and choose the option that best describes the nature of the print jobs (such as <span class="guilabel"><strong>topsecret</strong></span>, <span class="guilabel"><strong>classified</strong></span>, or <span class="guilabel"><strong>confidential</strong></span>).
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="sec-Sharing_Printers">15.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="id614288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Sharing_Printers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="sec-Sharing_Printers">15.3.10.2.1. Sharing Printers</h5></div></div></div><a id="id626193" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Policies</strong></span> page, you can mark a printer as shared: if a printer is shared, users published on the network can use it. To allow the sharing function for printers, go to <span class="guimenu"><strong>Server</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Settings</strong></span> and select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Publish shared printers connected to this system</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
Finally, ensure that the firewall allows incoming TCP connections to port 631, which is Network Printing Server (IPP) in system-config-firewall.
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> page contains details on toner status if available and printer status messages. Click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Ink/Toner Levels</strong></span> label on the left to display the page.
</div><div class="figure" id="mediaobj-printconf-config6"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/printconf-config6.png" alt="Ink/Toner Levels page" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Ink/Toner Levels Page
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s1-printing-managing">15.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id584842" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 15.16. Ink/Toner Levels page</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div></div><div class="section" id="s1-printing-managing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s1-printing-managing">15.3.10.3. Managing Print Jobs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id587884" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you send a print job to the printer daemon, such as printing a text file from <span class="application"><strong>Emacs</strong></span> or printing an image from <span class="application"><strong>GIMP</strong></span>, the print job is added to the print spool queue. The print spool queue is a list of print jobs that have been sent to the printer and information about each print request, such as the status of the request, the job number, and more.
</div><div class="para">
During the printing process, messages informing about the process appear in the notification area.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html
index 339be90..042519a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-ipp-printer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /><link rel="next" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-
printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id658962" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /><link rel="next" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-
printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-ipp-printer">15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id598501" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
An IPP printer is a printer attached to a different system on the same TCP/IP network. The system this printer is attached to may either be running CUPS or simply configured to use IPP.
</div><div class="para">
If a firewall is enabled on the printer server, then the firewall must be configured to allow incoming TCP connections on port 631. Note that the CUPS browsing protocol allows client machines to discover shared CUPS queues automatically. To enable this, the firewall on the client machine must be configured to allow incoming UDP packets on port 631.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html
index d32a7d7..24ba392 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-printing-smb-printer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-select-model.html" title="15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printe
r.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-select-model.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id503878" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614133" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html" title="15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-select-model.html" title="15.3.8. Selecting the Printer Model and Finishing" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printe
r.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-select-model.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-printing-smb-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s1-printing-smb-printer">15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id602470" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702442" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_SMB_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a Samba printer:
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the samba-client package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Note that in order to add a Samba printer, you need to have the <span class="package">samba-client</span> package installed. You can do so by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-additional-resources.html
index 7e1aae9..5389a38 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-additional-resources.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
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-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>D.5. References</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>E.5. References</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix D. The proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html" title="D.4. Using the sysctl Command" /><link rel="next" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix E. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hr
ef="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-proc-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-additional-resources">D.5. References</h2></div></div></div><a id="id692976" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix E. The proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html" title="E.4. Using the sysctl Command" /><link rel="next" href="app-Revision_History.html" title="Appendix F. Revision History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hr
ef="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-proc-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-additional-resources">E.5. References</h2></div></div></div><a id="id798817" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Below are additional sources of information about <code class="filename">proc</code> file system.
- </div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Installed Documentation</h1></div></div></div><a id="id693011" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Installed Documentation</h1></div></div></div><a id="id798852" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some of the best documentation about the <code class="filename">proc</code> file system is installed on the system by default.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt</code> — Contains assorted, but limited, information about all aspects of the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory.
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/sysctl/</code> — A directory containing a variety of <code class="command">sysctl</code> tips, including modifying values that concern the kernel (<code class="filename">kernel.txt</code>), accessing file systems (<code class="filename">fs.txt</code>), and virtual memory use (<code class="filename">vm.txt</code>).
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt</code> — A detailed overview of IP networking options.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Useful Websites</h1></div></div></div><a id="id693138" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="simplesect" id="s2-proc-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h1 class="title">Useful Websites</h1></div></div></div><a id="id798979" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.linuxhq.com/">http://www.linuxhq.com/</a> — This website maintains a complete database of source, patches, and documentation for various versions of the Linux kernel.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix E. Revision History</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="app-Revision_History.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix F. Revision History</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-directories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-directories.html
index 0a55c8a..d512bcc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-directories.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-directories.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix E. The proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-version.html" title="E.2.29. /proc/version" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html" title="E.3.2. /proc/bus/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-version.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.h
tml"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-proc-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-directories">E.3. Directories within /proc/</h2></div></div></div><a id="id765341" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Common groups of information concerning the kernel are grouped into directories and subdirectories within the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-processdirs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-processdirs">D.3.1. Process Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id619650" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-processdirs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-processdirs">E.3.1. Process Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id765378" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Every <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory contains a number of directories with numerical names. A listing of them may be similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Feb 13 01:28 1
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ CapPrm: 00000000fffffeff
CapEff: 00000000fffffeff
</pre><div class="para">
The information in this output includes the process name and ID, the state (such as <code class="computeroutput">S (sleeping)</code> or <code class="computeroutput">R (running)</code>), user/group ID running the process, and detailed data regarding memory usage.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-self"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-self">D.3.1.1. /proc/self/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id619984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-self"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-self">E.3.1.1. /proc/self/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id695227" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/self/</code> directory is a link to the currently running process. This allows a process to look at itself without having to know its process ID.
</div><div class="para">
Within a shell environment, a listing of the <code class="filename">/proc/self/</code> directory produces the same contents as listing the process directory for that process.
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+ </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-version.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.29. /proc/version </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.2. /proc/bus/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-sysctl.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-sysctl.html
index fd3f12b..a7594f2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-sysctl.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-sysctl.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-proc-sysctl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-sysctl">E.4. Using the sysctl Command</h2></div></div></div><a id="id798563" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id798577" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id798592" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id798614" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id798645" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id798663" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl</code> command is used to view, set, and automate kernel settings in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
For a quick overview of all settings configurable in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory, type the <code class="command">/sbin/sysctl -a</code> command as root. This creates a large, comprehensive list, a small portion of which looks something like the following:
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ kernel.sysrq = 1
While quickly setting single values like this in <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> is helpful during testing, this method does not work as well on a production system as special settings within <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> are lost when the machine is rebooted. To preserve custom settings, add them to the <code class="filename">/etc/sysctl.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
Each time the system boots, the <code class="command">init</code> program runs the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit</code> script. This script contains a command to execute <code class="command">sysctl</code> using <code class="filename">/etc/sysctl.conf</code> to determine the values passed to the kernel. Any values added to <code class="filename">/etc/sysctl.conf</code> therefore take effect each time the system boots.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-topfiles.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-proc-topfiles.html
index 76f6130..65f1564 100644
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@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix D. The proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix D. The proc File System" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html" title="D.2.2. /proc/cmdline" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-cmdline.htm
l"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-proc-topfiles"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-topfiles">D.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id706202" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix E. The proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix E. The proc File System" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html" title="E.2.2. /proc/cmdline" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-cmdline.htm
l"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-proc-topfiles"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-proc-topfiles">E.2. Top-level Files within the <code class="filename">proc</code> File System</h2></div></div></div><a id="id763628" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Below is a list of some of the more useful virtual files in the top-level of the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The content of your files may differ</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In most cases, the content of the files listed in this section are not the same as those installed on your machine. This is because much of the information is specific to the hardware on which Fedora is running for this documentation effort.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo">D.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id752649" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-buddyinfo">E.2.1. /proc/buddyinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id763678" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file is used primarily for diagnosing memory fragmentation issues. Using the buddy algorithm, each column represents the number of pages of a certain order (a certain size) that are available at any given time. For example, for zone <em class="firstterm">direct memory access</em> (DMA), there are 90 of 2<sup>(0*PAGE_SIZE)</sup> chunks of memory. Similarly, there are 6 of 2<sup>(1*PAGE_SIZE)</sup> chunks, and 2 of 2<sup>(2*PAGE_SIZE)</sup> chunks of memory available.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="computeroutput">DMA</code> row references the first 16 MB on a system, the <code class="computeroutput">HighMem</code> row references all memory greater than 4 GB on a system, and the <code class="computeroutput">Normal</code> row references all memory in between.
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
Node 0, zone DMA 90 6 2 1 1 ...
Node 0, zone Normal 1650 310 5 0 0 ...
Node 0, zone HighMem 2 0 0 1 1 ...
-</pre></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix D. The proc File System</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2.2. /proc/cmdline </a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix E. The proc File System</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.2. /proc/cmdline </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html
index 58d3829..3eb36de 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-additional-resources.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.5. Additional Resources</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html" title="A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html" title="A.5.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix B. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html" title="B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html" title="B.5.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
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RPM is an extremely complex utility with many options and methods for querying, installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Refer to the following resources to learn more about RPM.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs">A.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-installed-docs">B.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">rpm --help</code> — This command displays a quick reference of RPM parameters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man rpm</code> — The RPM man page gives more detail about RPM parameters than the <code class="command">rpm --help</code> command.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.5.2. Useful Websites</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.5.2. Useful Websites</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-impressing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-impressing.html
index dc9f1db..3190d9b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-impressing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-impressing.html
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-keys-checking.html" title="A.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="A.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-keys-checking.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix B. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-keys-checking.html" title="B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="B.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-keys-checking.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href
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RPM is a useful tool for both managing your system and diagnosing and fixing problems. The best way to make sense of all its options is to look at some examples.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Perhaps you have deleted some files by accident, but you are not sure what you deleted. To verify your entire system and see what might be missing, you could try the following command:
- </div><a id="id505992" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id630058" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id624438" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707662" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Va</code>
</pre><div class="para">
If some files are missing or appear to have been corrupted, you should probably either re-install the package or uninstall and then re-install the package.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
At some point, you might see a file that you do not recognize. To find out which package owns it, enter:
- </div><a id="id630092" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id630104" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id707696" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707708" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qf /usr/bin/ghostscript</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output would look like the following:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
and the appropriate package is verified.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Do you want to find out more information about a particular program? You can try the following command to locate the documentation which came with the package that owns that program:
- </div><a id="id622128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id622140" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id622152" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id771598" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771610" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771622" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qdf /usr/bin/free</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output would be similar to the following:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
/usr/share/man/man8/sysctl.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/vmstat.8.gz</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
You may find a new RPM, but you do not know what it does. To find information about it, use the following command:
- </div><a id="id609769" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id609780" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id571979" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id571990" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qip crontabs-1.10-31.fc16.noarch.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output would be similar to the following:
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ are scheduled, it executes them.
Crontabs handles a basic system function, so it should be installed on
your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Perhaps you now want to see what files the <code class="filename">crontabs</code> RPM package installs. You would enter the following:
- </div><a id="id468069" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id468081" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
+ </div><a id="id616337" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id616349" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -qlp crontabs-1.10-31.fc16.noarch.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
The output is similar to the following:
@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ your system.</pre></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
/usr/bin/run-parts
/usr/share/man/man4/crontabs.4.gz</pre></li></ul></div><div class="para">
These are just a few examples. As you use RPM, you may find more uses for it.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html
index 0591882..47f720b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-rpm-using.html
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html" title="A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html
"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-using">A.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix B. RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix B. RPM" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html" title="B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html
"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-rpm-using"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-rpm-using">B.2. Using RPM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
RPM has five basic modes of operation
- <a id="id547241" class="indexterm"></a>
- (not counting package building): installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, and verifying. This section contains an overview of each mode. For complete details and options, try <code class="command">rpm --help</code> or <code class="command">man rpm</code>. You can also refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Section A.5, “Additional Resources”</a> for more information on RPM.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-finding">A.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id694318" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id502204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ <a id="id682926" class="indexterm"></a>
+ (not counting package building): installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, and verifying. This section contains an overview of each mode. For complete details and options, try <code class="command">rpm --help</code> or <code class="command">man rpm</code>. You can also refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html">Section B.5, “Additional Resources”</a> for more information on RPM.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-finding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-finding">B.2.1. Finding RPM Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id796493" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741584" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before using any RPM packages, you must know where to find them. An Internet search returns many RPM repositories, but if you are looking for Red Hat RPM packages, they can be found at the following locations:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The Fedora installation media
- <a id="id666482" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id666493" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id780222" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id706613" class="indexterm"></a>
contain many installable RPMs.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The initial RPM repositories provided with the YUM package manager
- <a id="id699315" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id699327" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id743858" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id770422" class="indexterm"></a>
. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-yum.html">Chapter 4, <em>Yum</em></a> for details on how to use the official Fedora package repositories.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The active Fedora mirrors contains many installable RPMs: <a href="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/">http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/</a>.
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@
Unofficial, third-party repositories not affiliated with The Fedora Project also provide RPM packages.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Third-party repositories and package compatibility</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When considering third-party repositories for use with your Fedora system, pay close attention to the repository's web site with regard to package compatibility before adding the repository as a package source. Alternate package repositories may offer different, incompatible versions of the same software, including packages already included in the Fedora repositories.
- </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix A. RPM</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix B. RPM</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-services-running.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-services-running.html
index 26d9323..297d18e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-services-running.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-services-running.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-running.html" title="7.2.2. Running the Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id513566" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id604129" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html" title="Chapter 7. Services and Daemons" /><link rel="next" href="s3-services-running-running.html" title="7.2.2. Running the Service" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-services-running-running.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-services-running"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-services-running">7.2. Running Services</h2></div></div></div><a id="id559880" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id582771" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility also allows you to determine the status of a particular service, as well as to start, stop, or restart a service.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use the service utility</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although it is still possible to use the <span class="application"><strong>service</strong></span> utility to manage services that have init scripts installed in the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/</code> directory, it is advised that you use the <span class="application"><strong>systemctl</strong></span> utility.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html
index 2b7fd1b..6a28c0e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-beyondshell.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html" title="9.3.3. Using the sftp Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html" title="9.4.2. Port Forwarding" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="
s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-beyondshell">9.4. More Than a Secure Shell</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
A secure command line interface is just the beginning of the many ways SSH can be used. Given the proper amount of bandwidth, X11 sessions can be directed over an SSH channel. Or, by using TCP/IP forwarding, previously insecure port connections between systems can be mapped to specific SSH channels.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id485921" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-x11">9.4.1. X11 Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id701193" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To open an X11 session over an SSH connection, use a command in the following form:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ssh -Y <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>@<em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
For example, to log in to a remote machine named <code class="systemitem">penguin.example.com</code> with <code class="systemitem">john</code> as a username, type:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html
index 73139f6..066afa6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-clients.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html" title="9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="9.3.2. Using the scp Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="id609956" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html" title="9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="9.3.2. Using the scp Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-clients">9.3. OpenSSH Clients</h2></div></div></div><a id="id623512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To connect to an OpenSSH server from a client machine, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-clients</span> and <span class="package">openssh</span> packages installed. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id610000" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489710" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-ssh">9.3.1. Using the ssh Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id623094" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id623110" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">ssh</code> allows you to log in to a remote machine and execute commands there. It is a secure replacement for the <code class="command">rlogin</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, and <code class="command">telnet</code> programs.
</div><div class="para">
Similarly to <code class="command">telnet</code>, to log in to a remote machine named <code class="systemitem">penguin.example.com</code>, type the following command at a shell prompt:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html
index a067a77..1a90829 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-ssh-configuration.html
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-OpenSSH.html" title="Chapter 9. OpenSSH" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-OpenSSH.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configura
tion-sshd.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-ssh-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-ssh-configuration">9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
In order to perform tasks described in this section, you must have superuser privileges. To obtain them, log in as <code class="systemitem">root</code> by typing:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id585079" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">su -</code></pre><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-configs">9.2.1. Configuration Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id564990" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There are two different sets of configuration files: those for client programs (that is, <code class="command">ssh</code>, <code class="command">scp</code>, and <code class="command">sftp</code>), and those for the server (the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon).
- </div><a id="id576435" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id729842" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System-wide SSH configuration information is stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/</code> directory. See <a class="xref" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#table-ssh-configuration-configs-system">Table 9.1, “System-wide configuration files”</a> for a description of its content.
</div><div class="table" id="table-ssh-configuration-configs-system"><h6>Table 9.1. System-wide configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="System-wide configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="filename" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Configuration File
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
<code class="filename">/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub</code>
</td><td>
The RSA public key used by the <code class="command">sshd</code> for version 2 of the SSH protocol.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id597035" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><a id="id702376" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User-specific SSH configuration information is stored in the user's home directory within the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> directory. See <a class="xref" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html#table-ssh-configuration-configs-user">Table 9.2, “User-specific configuration files”</a> for a description of its content.
</div><div class="table" id="table-ssh-configuration-configs-user"><h6>Table 9.2. User-specific configuration files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="User-specific configuration files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="38%" class="filename" /><col width="63%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Configuration File
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html
index 18c6115..ce67c81 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.3. Additional Resources</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>D.3. Additional Resources</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix C. The sysconfig Directory" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html" title="C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory" /><link rel="next" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix D. The proc File System" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix D. The sysconfig Directory" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html" title="D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory" /><link rel="next" href="ch-proc.html" title="Appendix E. The proc File System" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong
>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources">D.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id824211" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This chapter is only intended as an introduction to the files in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory. The following source contains more comprehensive information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">C.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id752539" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/sysconfig.txt</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysconfig-installed-documentation">D.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id824250" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/initscripts-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/sysconfig.txt</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A more authoritative listing of the files found in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory and the configuration options available for them.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix D. The proc File System</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-proc.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix E. The proc File System</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html
index 400b175..6d884a4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir.html
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix C. The sysconfig Directory" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix C. The sysconfig Directory" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html" title="C.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><str
ong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">C.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id500529" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix D. The sysconfig Directory" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix D. The sysconfig Directory" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html" title="D.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><str
ong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysconfig-etcsysconf-dir">D.2. Directories in the /etc/sysconfig/ Directory</h2></div></div></div><a id="id823904" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following directories are normally found in <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code>.
- </div><a id="id500555" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/cbq/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- <a id="id500598" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><a id="id823930" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/cbq/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ <a id="id823974" class="indexterm"></a>
This directory contains the configuration files needed to do <em class="firstterm">Class Based Queuing</em> for bandwidth management on network interfaces. CBQ divides user traffic into a hierarchy of classes based on any combination of IP addresses, protocols, and application types.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/networking/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- <a id="id500648" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id824024" class="indexterm"></a>
This directory is used by the <span class="application"><strong>Network Administration Tool</strong></span> (<code class="command">system-config-network</code>), and its contents should not be edited manually.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- <a id="id500705" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id824080" class="indexterm"></a>
This directory contains the following network-related configuration files:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Network configuration files for each configured network interface, such as <code class="filename">ifcfg-eth0</code> for the <code class="systemitem">eth0</code> Ethernet interface.
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@
Various shared network function scripts which should not be edited directly.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For more information on the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">Chapter 6, <em>Network Interfaces</em></a>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix C. The sysconfig Directory</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.3. Additional Resources</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix D. The sysconfig Directory</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysconfig-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.3. Additional Resources</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html
index c0f3f26..4bb1539 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html" title="16.3.2. Using the df Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-syste
m_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="id574185" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id467387" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id596140" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html" title="16.3.2. Using the blkid Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage
-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-filesystems">16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</h2></div></div></div><a id="id629566" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id738483" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-lsblk">16.3.1. Using the lsblk Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id658201" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsblk</code> command displays a list of available block devices, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lsblk</code>
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ sda4 8:4 0 395.8G 0 part
vg_test-lv_fedora_16 (dm-0) 253:0 0 20G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lsblk</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.2. Using the df Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html
index f7b76ab..f440b76 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-hardware.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-syst
em_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="id532722" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id565788" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id515782" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-syst
em_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-hardware">16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</h2></div></div></div><a id="id578445" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578457" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspci">16.4.1. Using the lspci Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id739205" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspci</code> command lists all PCI devices that are present in the system, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lspci</code>
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82X38/X48 Express DRAM Controller
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>lspci</strong></span>(8) manual page.
- </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.4. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html
index b07e2cc..81db079 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-System_Monitoring
_Tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="id481657" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id582543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id582551" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id645859" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-System_Monitoring_Tools.html" title="Chapter 16. System Monitoring Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html" title="16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-System_Monitoring
_Tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage">16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</h2></div></div></div><a id="id635323" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id701128" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-free">16.2.1. Using the free Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id728292" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">free</code> command displays the total amount of physical memory and swap space for the system, as well as the amount of memory that is used, free, shared, in kernel buffers, and cached. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">free</code>
total used free shared buffers cached
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-configui.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-configui.html
index 235e42d..60434d6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-configui.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-configui.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html" title="3.2.3. Removing a User" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html" title="3.3.2. Adding a New User" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Managing_Use
rs_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id548039" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548051" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548063" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548076" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548100" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html" title="3.2.3. Removing a User" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html" title="3.3.2. Adding a New User" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Managing_Use
rs_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-configui"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-configui">3.3. Using the User Manager Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id580237" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580249" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580261" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580274" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580286" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580298" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> application allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users and groups in the graphical user interface. To start the application, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Other</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Users and Groups</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or type <code class="command">system-config-users</code> at a shell prompt. Note that unless you have superuser privileges, the application will prompt you to authenticate as <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id548155" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id548167" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-list">3.3.1. Viewing Users and Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id580353" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580365" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The main window of the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> is divided into two tabs: The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Users</strong></span> tab provides a list of local users along with additional information about their user ID, primary group, home directory, login shell, and full name. The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Groups</strong></span> tab provides a list of local groups with information about their group ID and group members.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Users_Groups-User_Manager"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager.png" alt="Viewing users and groups" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Viewing users and groups
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html
index 1e602df..bc254ce 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html" title="3.4.5. Creating Group Directories" /><link rel="next" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.htm
l"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id518928" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id518940" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html" title="3.4.5. Creating Group Directories" /><link rel="next" href="part-Package_Management.html" title="Part II. Package Management" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-groups-directories.htm
l"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="part-Package_Management.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-groups-additional-resources">3.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id659296" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659308" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Refer to the following resources for more information about managing users and groups.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id518966" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id518982" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-users-groups-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-groups-documentation">3.5.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id659333" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659349" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For information about various utilities for managing users and groups, refer to the following manual pages:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="bold bold"><strong>chage</strong></span>(1) — A command to modify password aging policies and account expiration.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-tools.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-tools.html
index 7b990f4..07a1410 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-tools.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-users-tools.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html" title="3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="3.4.2. Adding a New Group" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-pro
perties.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id566638" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566655" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566673" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566690" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html" title="3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="3.4.2. Adding a New Group" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-pro
perties.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-users-tools"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-users-tools">3.4. Using Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><a id="id562896" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id562913" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id562930" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id562948" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The easiest say to manage users and groups on Fedora is to use the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> application as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-users-configui.html">Section 3.3, “Using the User Manager Tool”</a>. However, if you prefer command line tools or do not have the X Window System installed, you can use command line utilities that are listed in <a class="xref" href="s1-users-tools.html#table-users-tools">Table 3.1, “Command line utilities for managing users and groups”</a>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-users-tools"><h6>Table 3.1. Command line utilities for managing users and groups</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Command line utilities for managing users and groups" border="1"><colgroup><col width="35%" class="utilities" /><col width="65%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Utilities
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
<code class="command">pwconv</code>, <code class="command">pwunconv</code>
</td><td>
Utilities that can be used for the conversion of passwords to shadow passwords, or back from shadow passwords to standard passwords.
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id478398" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id478412" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id478424" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-users-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-users-add">3.4.1. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id563160" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id563174" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id563186" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user to the system, typing the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">useradd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-users-tools.html#table-useradd-options">Table 3.2, “useradd command line options”</a>.
- </div><a id="id478479" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id563241" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">useradd</code> command creates a locked user account. To unlock the account, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to assign a password:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">passwd</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Optionally, you can set password aging policy. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html">Section 3.4.3, “Enabling Password Aging”</a> for information on how to enable password aging.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-additional-resources.html
index d0e8a18..21d3864 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-additional-resources.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.6. Additional Resources</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.6. Additional Resources</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix B. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html" title="B.5.2. Runlevel 5" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html" title="B.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hre
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html" title="C.5.2. Runlevel 5" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html" title="C.6.2. Useful Websites" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hre
f="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-additional-resources">C.6. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id771491" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
There is a large amount of detailed information available about the X server, the clients that connect to it, and the assorted desktop environments and window managers.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-installed-documentation">B.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id698227" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-installed-documentation">C.6.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><a id="id771520" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/X11/doc/</code> — contains detailed documentation on the X Window System architecture, as well as how to get additional information about the Xorg project as a new user.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/gdm-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em>/README</code> — contains information on how display managers control user authentication.
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@
<code class="command">man xorg.conf</code> — Contains information about the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> configuration files, including the meaning and syntax for the different sections within the files.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man Xorg</code> — Describes the <code class="command">Xorg</code> display server.
- </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.6.2. Useful Websites</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-useful-websites.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.6.2. Useful Websites</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-clients.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-clients.html
index 3f7f58e..3b31b60 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-clients.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-clients.html
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix B. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix B. The X Window System" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html" title="B.2.2. Window Managers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cl
ass="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-clients">B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</h2></div></div></div><a id="id500220" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html" title="C.2.2. Window Managers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cl
ass="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-clients"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-clients">C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</h2></div></div></div><a id="id624668" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Once an X server is running, X client applications can connect to it and create a GUI for the user. A range of GUIs are available with Fedora, from the rudimentary <em class="firstterm">Tab Window Manager</em> (twm) to the highly developed and interactive desktop environment (such as <em class="firstterm">GNOME</em> or <em class="firstterm">KDE</em>) that most Fedora users are familiar with.
</div><div class="para">
To create the latter, more comprehensive GUI, two main classes of X client application must connect to the X server: a <em class="firstterm">window manager</em> and a <em class="firstterm">desktop environment</em>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-desktop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-desktop">B.2.1. Desktop Environments</h3></div></div></div><a id="id670814" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id670832" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id670845" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id670859" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id623855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id623872" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-desktop"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-desktop">C.2.1. Desktop Environments</h3></div></div></div><a id="id688591" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id688608" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id688622" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602739" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602753" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id602770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A desktop environment integrates various X clients to create a common graphical user environment and a development platform.
</div><div class="para">
Desktop environments have advanced features allowing X clients and other running processes to communicate with one another, while also allowing all applications written to work in that environment to perform advanced tasks, such as drag-and-drop operations.
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@
<span class="emphasis"><em>KDE</em></span> — An alternative desktop environment based on the Qt 4 graphical toolkit.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Both GNOME and KDE have advanced-productivity applications, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and Web browsers; both also provide tools to customize the look and feel of the GUI. Additionally, if both the GTK+ 2 and the Qt libraries are present, KDE applications can run in GNOME and vice versa.
- </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix B. The X Window System</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.2. Window Managers</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix C. The X Window System</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.2.2. Window Managers</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-fonts.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-fonts.html
index 05098ca..8d719d2 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-fonts.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-fonts.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.4. Fonts</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.4. Fonts</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix B. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html" title="B.3.3. The xorg.conf File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-runlevels.html" title="B.5. Runlevels and X" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="ne
xt"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-runlevels.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-fonts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-fonts">B.4. Fonts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id700655" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700673" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700692" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id624006" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html" title="C.3.3. The xorg.conf File" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-runlevels.html" title="C.5. Runlevels and X" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="ne
xt"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-runlevels.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-fonts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-fonts">C.4. Fonts</h2></div></div></div><a id="id737504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737522" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737541" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737559" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora uses <em class="firstterm">Fontconfig</em> subsystem to manage and display fonts under the X Window System. It simplifies font management and provides advanced display features, such as anti-aliasing. This system is used automatically for applications programmed using the <code class="literal">Qt 3</code> or <code class="literal">GTK+ 2</code> graphical toolkits, or their newer versions.
</div><div class="para">
The Fontconfig font subsystem allows applications to directly access fonts on the system and use the <em class="firstterm">X FreeType interface library</em> (<em class="firstterm">Xft</em>) or other rendering mechanisms to render Fontconfig fonts with advanced features such as anti-aliasing. Graphical applications can use the Xft library with Fontconfig to draw text to the screen.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
Fontconfig uses the <code class="filename">/etc/fonts/fonts.conf</code> configuration file, which should not be edited by hand.
</div></div></div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Fonts group</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Any system where the user expects to run remote X applications needs to have the <code class="systemitem">fonts</code> group installed. This can be done by selecting the group in the installer, and also by running the <code class="command">yum groupinstall fonts</code> command after installation.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">B.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</h3></div></div></div><a id="id504539" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-x-fonts-fontconfig-add">C.4.1. Adding Fonts to Fontconfig</h3></div></div></div><a id="id741131" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Adding new fonts to the Fontconfig subsystem is a straightforward process:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To add fonts for an individual user, copy the new fonts into the <code class="filename">.fonts/</code> directory in the user's home directory.
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@
In this command, replace <em class="replaceable"><code><path-to-font-directory></code></em> with the directory containing the new fonts (either <code class="filename">/usr/share/fonts/local/</code> or <code class="filename">/home/<em class="replaceable"><code><user></code></em>/.fonts/</code>).
</div></li></ol></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Interactive font installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Individual users may also install fonts interactively, by typing <code class="filename">fonts:///</code> into the <span class="application"><strong>Nautilus</strong></span> address bar, and dragging the new font files there.
- </div></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.3.3. The xorg.conf File</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-runlevels.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.5. Runlevels and X</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.3.3. The xorg.conf File</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-runlevels.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.5. Runlevels and X</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-runlevels.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-runlevels.html
index 191644c..bfd9980 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-runlevels.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-runlevels.html
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.5. Runlevels and X</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.5. Runlevels and X</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix B. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-fonts.html" title="B.4. Fonts" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html" title="B.5.2. Runlevel 5" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><s
trong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-runlevels"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-runlevels">B.5. Runlevels and X</h2></div></div></div><a id="id502459" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-fonts.html" title="C.4. Fonts" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html" title="C.5.2. Runlevel 5" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><s
trong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-runlevels"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-runlevels">C.5. Runlevels and X</h2></div></div></div><a id="id578079" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In most cases, the Fedora installer configures a machine to boot into a graphical login environment, known as <em class="firstterm">runlevel 5</em>. It is possible, however, to boot into a text-only multi-user mode called <em class="firstterm">runlevel 3</em> and begin an X session from there.
</div><div class="para">
The following subsections review how X starts up in both runlevel 3 and runlevel 5.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-3">B.5.1. Runlevel 3</h3></div></div></div><a id="id593830" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593849" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593867" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593890" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id593908" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id613842" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- When in runlevel 3, the best way to start an X session is to log in and type <code class="command">startx</code>. The <code class="command">startx</code> command is a front-end to the <code class="command">xinit</code> command, which launches the X server (<code class="filename">Xorg</code>) and connects X client applications to it. Because the user is already logged into the system at runlevel 3, <code class="command">startx</code> does not launch a display manager or authenticate users. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Section B.5.2, “Runlevel 5”</a> for more information about display managers.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-3">C.5.1. Runlevel 3</h3></div></div></div><a id="id779811" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id779830" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id779848" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id779871" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585295" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585317" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ When in runlevel 3, the best way to start an X session is to log in and type <code class="command">startx</code>. The <code class="command">startx</code> command is a front-end to the <code class="command">xinit</code> command, which launches the X server (<code class="filename">Xorg</code>) and connects X client applications to it. Because the user is already logged into the system at runlevel 3, <code class="command">startx</code> does not launch a display manager or authenticate users. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html">Section C.5.2, “Runlevel 5”</a> for more information about display managers.
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
When the <code class="command">startx</code> command is executed, it searches for the <code class="filename">.xinitrc</code> file in the user's home directory to define the desktop environment and possibly other X client applications to run. If no <code class="filename">.xinitrc</code> file is present, it uses the system default <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc</code> file instead.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@
The <code class="command">xinitrc</code> script attempts to execute <code class="filename">.Xclients</code> in the user's home directory and turns to <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xinit/Xclients</code> if it cannot be found. The purpose of the <code class="filename">Xclients</code> file is to start the desktop environment or, possibly, just a basic window manager. The <code class="filename">.Xclients</code> script in the user's home directory starts the user-specified desktop environment in the <code class="filename">.Xclients-default</code> file. If <code class="filename">.Xclients</code> does not exist in the user's home directory, the standard <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xinit/Xclients</code> script attempts to start another desktop environment, trying GNOME first, then KDE, followed by <code class="command">twm</code>.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
When in runlevel 3, the user is returned to a text mode user session after ending an X session.
- </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.4. Fonts</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.4. Fonts</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-runlevels-5.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.5.2. Runlevel 5</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-server-configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-server-configuration.html
index 10ad44b..440f354 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-server-configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s1-x-server-configuration.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.3. X Server Configuration Files</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.3. X Server Configuration Files</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix B. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html" title="B.2.2. Window Managers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html" title="B.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-server-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server-configuration">B.3. X Server Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id655893" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html" title="C.2.2. Window Managers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html" title="C.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s1-x-server-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="s1-x-server-configuration">C.3. X Server Configuration Files</h2></div></div></div><a id="id769801" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id769822" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The X server is a single binary executable <code class="filename">/usr/bin/Xorg</code>; a symbolic link <code class="filename">X</code> pointing to this file is also provided. Associated configuration files are stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/</code> and <code class="filename">/usr/share/X11/</code> directories.
</div><div class="para">
The X Window System supports two different configuration schemes. Configuration files in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> directory contain preconfigured settings from vendors and from distribution, and these files should not be edited by hand. Configuration in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file, on the other hand, is done completely by hand but is not necessary in most scenarios.
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/usr/lib/xorg/modules/</code> (or <code class="filename">/usr/lib64/xorg/modules/</code>) directory contains X server modules that can be loaded dynamically at runtime. By default, only some modules in <code class="filename">/usr/lib/xorg/modules/</code> are automatically loaded by the X server.
</div><div class="para">
- When Fedora 16 is installed, the configuration files for X are created using information gathered about the system hardware during the installation process by the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) configuration back end. Whenever the X server is started, it asks HAL for the list of input devices and adds each of them with their respective driver. Whenever a new input device is plugged in, or an existing input device is removed, HAL notifies the X server about the change. Because of this notification system, devices using the <code class="systemitem">mouse</code>, <code class="systemitem">kbd</code>, or <code class="systemitem">vmmouse</code> driver configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file are, by default, ignored by the X server. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">Section B.3.3.3, “The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section”</a> for further details. Additional configurat
ion is provided in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> directory and it can override or augment any configuration that has been obtained through HAL.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">B.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id630532" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ When Fedora 16 is installed, the configuration files for X are created using information gathered about the system hardware during the installation process by the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) configuration back end. Whenever the X server is started, it asks HAL for the list of input devices and adds each of them with their respective driver. Whenever a new input device is plugged in, or an existing input device is removed, HAL notifies the X server about the change. Because of this notification system, devices using the <code class="systemitem">mouse</code>, <code class="systemitem">kbd</code>, or <code class="systemitem">vmmouse</code> driver configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file are, by default, ignored by the X server. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">Section C.3.3.3, “The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section”</a> for further details. Additional configurat
ion is provided in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> directory and it can override or augment any configuration that has been obtained through HAL.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf-struct">C.3.1. The Structure of the Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id722712" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722733" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722759" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The format of the X configuration files is comprised of many different sections which address specific aspects of the system hardware. Each section begins with a <code class="option">Section "<em class="replaceable"><code>section-name</code></em>"</code> line, where "<em class="replaceable"><code>section-name</code></em>" is the title for the section, and ends with an <code class="option">EndSection</code> line. Each section contains lines that include option names and one or more option values. Some of these are sometimes enclosed in double quotes (<code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="para">
Some options within the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file accept a boolean switch which turns the feature on or off. The acceptable values are:
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ Section "InputClass"
Option "XkbLayout" "cz,us"
# Option "XkbVariant" "(null)"
Option "XkbOptions" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp,grp:shifts_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
-EndSection</pre></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2.2. Window Managers</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></li></ul></body></html>
+EndSection</pre></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.2.2. Window Managers</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-additional-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-additional-resources.html
index e3be7f5..4ea96b5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-additional-resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-additional-resources.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-mistakes.html" title="11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Web_Servers.html" title="Chapter 12. Web Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-mistakes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Web_Servers.html"><s
trong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-additional-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-additional-resources">11.2.7. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following sources of information provide additional resources regarding BIND.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-installed-docs">11.2.7.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id561946" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-installed-docs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-installed-docs">11.2.7.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id612680" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
BIND features a full range of installed documentation covering many different topics, each placed in its own subject directory. For each item below, replace <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em> with the version of the <span class="package">bind</span> package installed on the system:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/bind-<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The main directory containing the most recent documentation.
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
The manual page with a comprehensive list of options available within the <code class="systemitem">named</code> configuration file.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="command">man rndc.conf</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The manual page with a comprehensive list of options available within the <code class="command">rndc</code> configuration file.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-useful-websites">11.2.7.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id637366" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.isc.org/software/bind">http://www.isc.org/software/bind</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-useful-websites">11.2.7.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id707896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://www.isc.org/software/bind">http://www.isc.org/software/bind</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The home page of the BIND project containing information about current releases as well as a PDF version of the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-related-books">11.2.7.3. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id655964" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="citetitle">DNS and BIND</em> by Paul Albitz and Cricket Liu; O'Reilly & Associates</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-related-books">11.2.7.3. Related Books</h4></div></div></div><a id="id704798" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="citetitle">DNS and BIND</em> by Paul Albitz and Cricket Liu; O'Reilly & Associates</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
A popular reference that explains both common and esoteric BIND configuration options, and provides strategies for securing a DNS server.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><em class="citetitle">The Concise Guide to DNS and BIND</em> by Nicolai Langfeldt; Que</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Looks at the connection between multiple network services and BIND, with an emphasis on task-oriented, technical topics.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-dig.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-dig.html
index 562bb36..e0d9cdc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-dig.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-dig.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-rndc.html" title="11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-features.html" title="11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-rndc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-features.html"
><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-dig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id665992" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-rndc.html" title="11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-features.html" title="11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-rndc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-features.html"
><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-dig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-dig">11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id737469" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">dig</code> utility is a command line tool that allows you to perform DNS lookups and debug a nameserver configuration. Its typical usage is as follows:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">dig</code> [@<em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></pre><div class="para">
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s4-bind-zone-rr">Section 11.2.2.2, “Common Resource Records”</a> for a list of common <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>s.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-features.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-features.html
index 0aad5bf..92ea65f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-features.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-features.html
@@ -13,24 +13,24 @@
Before attempting to use advanced features like DNSSEC, TSIG, or IXFR, make sure that the particular feature is supported by all nameservers in the network environment, especially when you use older versions of BIND or non-BIND servers.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
All of the features mentioned are discussed in greater detail in the <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em> referenced in <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html#s3-bind-installed-docs">Section 11.2.7.1, “Installed Documentation”</a>.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-views"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-views">11.2.5.1. Multiple Views</h4></div></div></div><a id="id620897" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-views"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-views">11.2.5.1. Multiple Views</h4></div></div></div><a id="id706929" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Optionally, different information can be presented to a client depending on the network a request originates from. This is primarily used to deny sensitive DNS entries from clients outside of the local network, while allowing queries from clients inside the local network.
</div><div class="para">
To configure multiple views, add the <code class="command">view</code> statement to the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> configuration file. Use the <code class="option">match-clients</code> option to match IP addresses or entire networks and give them special options and zone data.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr">11.2.5.2. Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id582806" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ixfr">11.2.5.2. Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id615786" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Incremental Zone Transfers</em> (<em class="firstterm">IXFR</em>) allow a secondary nameserver to only download the updated portions of a zone modified on a primary nameserver. Compared to the standard transfer process, this makes the notification and update process much more efficient.
- </div><a id="id650010" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id698305" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that IXFR is only available when using dynamic updating to make changes to master zone records. If manually editing zone files to make changes, <em class="firstterm">Automatic Zone Transfer</em> (<em class="firstterm">AXFR</em>) is used.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-tsig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-tsig">11.2.5.3. Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id622356" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-tsig"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-tsig">11.2.5.3. Transaction SIGnatures (TSIG)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id738895" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Transaction SIGnatures</em> (TSIG) ensure that a shared secret key exists on both primary and secondary nameserver before allowing a transfer. This strengthens the standard IP address-based method of transfer authorization, since attackers would not only need to have access to the IP address to transfer the zone, but they would also need to know the secret key.
</div><div class="para">
Since version 9, BIND also supports <em class="firstterm">TKEY</em>, which is another shared secret key method of authorizing zone transfers.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Secure the transfer</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When communicating over an insecure network, do not rely on IP address-based authentication only.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec">11.2.5.4. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id532138" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-dnssec">11.2.5.4. DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id689233" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Domain Name System Security Extensions</em> (<em class="firstterm">DNSSEC</em>) provide origin authentication of DNS data, authenticated denial of existence, and data integrity. When a particular domain is marked as secure, the <code class="literal">SERFVAIL</code> response is returned for each resource record that fails the validation.
- </div><a id="id601021" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id698469" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that to debug a DNSSEC-signed domain or a DNSSEC-aware resolver, you can use the <code class="command">dig</code> utility as described in <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-dig.html">Section 11.2.4, “Using the dig Utility”</a>. Useful options are <code class="option">+dnssec</code> (requests DNSSEC-related resource records by setting the DNSSEC OK bit), <code class="option">+cd</code> (tells recursive nameserver not to validate the response), and <code class="option">+bufsize=512</code> (changes the packet size to 512B to get through some firewalls).
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6">11.2.5.5. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id471212" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-features-ipv6">11.2.5.5. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)</h4></div></div></div><a id="id725512" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Internet Protocol version 6</em> (<em class="firstterm">IPv6</em>) is supported through the use of <code class="option">AAAA</code> resource records, and the <code class="option">listen-on-v6</code> directive as described in <a class="xref" href="s1-BIND.html#table-bind-namedconf-common-options">Table 11.3, “Commonly used options”</a>.
</div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-dig.html"><strong>Prev</strong>11.2.4. Using the dig Utility</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-mistakes.html"><strong>Next</strong>11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-mistakes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-mistakes.html
index 43dd620..81f934d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-mistakes.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-mistakes.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-features.html" title="11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html" title="11.2.7. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-features.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-b
ind-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-mistakes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</h3></div></div></div><a id="id644867" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-features.html" title="11.2.5. Advanced Features of BIND" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-additional-resources.html" title="11.2.7. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-features.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-b
ind-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-mistakes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-mistakes">11.2.6. Common Mistakes to Avoid</h3></div></div></div><a id="id725516" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of advices how to avoid common mistakes users make when configuring a nameserver:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Use semicolons and curly brackets correctly</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
An omitted semicolon or unmatched curly bracket in the <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> file can prevent the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service from starting.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-rndc.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-rndc.html
index a2078b5..41833e5 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-rndc.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-rndc.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-zone.html" title="11.2.2. Editing Zone Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-dig.html" title="11.2.4. Using the dig Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-zone.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-dig.html"><strong>Next</str
ong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-rndc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id566819" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-bind-zone.html" title="11.2.2. Editing Zone Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-dig.html" title="11.2.4. Using the dig Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-bind-zone.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-dig.html"><strong>Next</str
ong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-bind-rndc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-rndc">11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id747262" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">rndc</code> utility is a command line tool that allows you to administer the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service, both locally and from a remote machine. Its usage is as follows:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">rndc</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] <em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>command-option</code></em>]</pre><div class="section" id="s3-bind-rndc-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-rndc-configuration">11.2.3.1. Configuring the Utility</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
To prevent unauthorized access to the service, <code class="systemitem">named</code> must be configured to listen on the selected port (that is, <code class="literal">953</code> by default), and an identical key must be used by both the service and the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility.
@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@
</th><th>
Description
</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
- <a id="id671621" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id722031" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>
</td><td>
The default configuration file for the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id671336" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id724590" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>
</td><td>
The default configuration file for the <code class="command">rndc</code> utility.
</td></tr><tr><td>
- <a id="id482968" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id633128" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code>
</td><td>
The default key location.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-zone.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-zone.html
index e067ff3..f29ba29 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-zone.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-bind-zone.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-rndc.html" title="11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-BIND.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-rndc.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="section" id="s2-bind-zone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id675154" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id675139" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id675127" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id675106" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-BIND.html" title="11.2. BIND" /><link rel="next" href="s2-bind-rndc.html" title="11.2.3. Using the rndc Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-BIND.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-bind-rndc.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div
class="section" id="s2-bind-zone"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-bind-zone">11.2.2. Editing Zone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id746632" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id746617" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id746606" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id746585" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As outlined in <a class="xref" href="ch-DNS_Servers.html#s2-dns-introduction-zones">Section 11.1.1, “Nameserver Zones”</a>, zone files contain information about a namespace. They are stored in the <code class="systemitem">named</code> working directory located in <code class="filename">/var/named/</code> by default, and each zone file is named according to the <code class="option">file</code> option in the <code class="option">zone</code> statement, usually in a way that relates to the domain in question and identifies the file as containing zone data, such as <code class="filename">example.com.zone</code>.
</div><div class="table" id="table-bind-zone-files"><h6>Table 11.5. The named service zone files</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The named service zone files" border="1"><colgroup><col width="50%" /><col width="50%" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Path
@@ -35,22 +35,22 @@
All directives and resource records should be entered on individual lines.
</div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-directives">11.2.2.1. Common Directives</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Directives begin with the dollar sign character (that is, <code class="literal">$</code>) followed by the name of the directive, and usually appear at the top of the file. The following directives are commonly used in zone files:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674922" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746400" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">$INCLUDE</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="command">$INCLUDE</code> directive allows you to include another file at the place where it appears, so that other zone settings can be stored in a separate zone file.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-include"><h6>Example 11.6. Using the $INCLUDE directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$INCLUDE /var/named/penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674865" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-include"><h6>Example 11.6. Using the $INCLUDE directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$INCLUDE /var/named/penguin.example.com</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746344" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">$ORIGIN</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="command">$ORIGIN</code> directive allows you to append the domain name to unqualified records, such as those with the hostname only. Note that the use of this directive is not necessary if the zone is specified in <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, since the zone name is used by default.
</div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#example-bind-zone-directive-origin">Example 11.7, “Using the $ORIGIN directive”</a>, any names used in resource records that do not end in a trailing period (that is, the <code class="literal">.</code> character) are appended with <code class="literal">example.com</code>.
- </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-origin"><h6>Example 11.7. Using the $ORIGIN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674796" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-origin"><h6>Example 11.7. Using the $ORIGIN directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746275" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">$TTL</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="command">$TTL</code> directive allows you to set the default <em class="firstterm">Time to Live</em> (TTL) value for the zone, that is, how long is a zone record valid. Each resource record can contain its own TTL value, which overrides this directive.
</div><div class="para">
Increasing this value allows remote nameservers to cache the zone information for a longer period of time, reducing the number of queries for the zone and lengthening the amount of time required to proliferate resource record changes.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-directive-ttl"><h6>Example 11.8. Using the $TTL directive</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$TTL 1D</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s4-bind-zone-rr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s4-bind-zone-rr">11.2.2.2. Common Resource Records</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following resource records are commonly used in zone files:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674734" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746213" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">A</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Address</em> record specifies an IP address to be assigned to a name. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> IN A <em class="replaceable"><code>IP-address</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
</div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#example-bind-zone-rr-a">Example 11.9, “Using the A resource record”</a>, the requests for <code class="systemitem">server1.example.com</code> are pointed to <code class="literal">10.0.1.3</code> or <code class="literal">10.0.1.5</code>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-a"><h6>Example 11.9. Using the A resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">server1 IN A 10.0.1.3
- IN A 10.0.1.5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674647" class="indexterm"></a>
+ IN A 10.0.1.5</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746126" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">CNAME</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Canonical Name</em> record maps one name to another. Because of this, this type of record is sometimes referred to as an <em class="firstterm">alias record</em>. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>alias-name</code></em> IN CNAME <em class="replaceable"><code>real-name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#example-bind-zone-rr-cname">Example 11.10, “Using the CNAME resource record”</a>, the <code class="command">A</code> record binds a hostname to an IP address, while the <code class="command">CNAME</code> record points the commonly used <code class="literal">www</code> hostname to it.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-cname"><h6>Example 11.10. Using the CNAME resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">server1 IN A 10.0.1.5
-www IN CNAME server1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674534" class="indexterm"></a>
+www IN CNAME server1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id746013" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">MX</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Mail Exchange</em> record specifies where the mail sent to a particular namespace controlled by this zone should go. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IN MX <em class="replaceable"><code>preference-value</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>email-server-name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
@@ -80,20 +80,20 @@ www IN CNAME server1</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><d
</div><div class="para">
In <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#example-bind-zone-rr-mx">Example 11.11, “Using the MX resource record”</a>, the first <code class="systemitem">mail.example.com</code> email server is preferred to the <code class="systemitem">mail2.example.com</code> email server when receiving email destined for the <code class="systemitem">example.com</code> domain.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-mx"><h6>Example 11.11. Using the MX resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">example.com. IN MX 10 mail.example.com.
- IN MX 20 mail2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674438" class="indexterm"></a>
+ IN MX 20 mail2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id745916" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">NS</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Nameserver</em> record announces authoritative nameservers for a particular zone. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">IN NS <em class="replaceable"><code>nameserver-name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>nameserver-name</code></em> should be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Note that when two nameservers are listed as authoritative for the domain, it is not important whether these nameservers are secondary nameservers, or if one of them is a primary server. They are both still considered authoritative.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-rr-ns"><h6>Example 11.12. Using the NS resource record</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">IN NS dns1.example.com.
-IN NS dns2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674346" class="indexterm"></a>
+IN NS dns2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id745824" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">PTR</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Pointer</em> record points to another part of the namespace. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><em class="replaceable"><code>last-IP-digit</code></em> IN PTR <em class="replaceable"><code>FQDN-of-system</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>last-IP-digit</code></em> directive is the last number in an IP address, and the <em class="replaceable"><code>FQDN-of-system</code></em> is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
</div><div class="para">
<code class="command">PTR</code> records are primarily used for reverse name resolution, as they point IP addresses back to a particular name. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">Section 11.2.2.4.2, “A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File”</a> for more examples of <code class="command">PTR</code> records in use.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id674312" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id745790" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">SOA</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="firstterm">Start of Authority</em> record announces important authoritative information about a namespace to the nameserver. Located after the directives, it is the first resource record in a zone file. It takes the following form:
</div><pre class="programlisting">@ IN SOA <em class="replaceable"><code>primary-name-server</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>hostmaster-email</code></em> (
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ IN NS dns2.example.com.</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt
21600 ; refresh after 6 hours
3600 ; retry after 1 hour
604800 ; expire after 1 week
- 86400 ) ; minimum TTL of 1 day</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-comm">11.2.2.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id673926" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ 86400 ) ; minimum TTL of 1 day</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd></dl></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-comm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-comm">11.2.2.3. Comment Tags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id745404" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Additionally to resource records and directives, a zone file can also contain comments. Comments are ignored by the <code class="systemitem">named</code> service, but can prove useful when providing additional information to the user. Any text after the semicolon character (that is, <code class="literal">;</code>) to the end of the line is considered a comment. For example:
</div><pre class="programlisting"> 604800 ; expire after 1 week</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-zone-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-bind-zone-examples">11.2.2.4. Example Usage</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following examples show the basic usage of zone files.
- </div><div class="section" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">11.2.2.4.1. A Simple Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id673874" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s4-bind-zone-examples-basic">11.2.2.4.1. A Simple Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id745353" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#example-bind-zone-examples-basic">Example 11.14, “A simple zone file”</a> demonstrates the use of standard directives and <code class="command">SOA</code> values.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-examples-basic"><h6>Example 11.14. A simple zone file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN example.com.
$TTL 86400
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ www IN CNAME services.example.com.
type master;
file "example.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
-};</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">11.2.2.4.2. A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id582497" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+};</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="s3-bind-configuration-zone-reverse">11.2.2.4.2. A Reverse Name Resolution Zone File</h5></div></div></div><a id="id746577" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A reverse name resolution zone file is used to translate an IP address in a particular namespace into an fully qualified domain name (FQDN). It looks very similar to a standard zone file, except that the <code class="command">PTR</code> resource records are used to link the IP addresses to a fully qualified domain name as shown in <a class="xref" href="s2-bind-zone.html#example-bind-zone-examples-reverse">Example 11.15, “A reverse name resolution zone file”</a>.
</div><div class="example" id="example-bind-zone-examples-reverse"><h6>Example 11.15. A reverse name resolution zone file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">$ORIGIN 1.0.10.in-addr.arpa.
$TTL 86400
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html
index a2e4aee..2dbb294 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html" title="13.3.2. Sendmail" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-switchmail.html" title="13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><
a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-switchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id589858" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id589871" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html" title="13.3.2. Sendmail" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-switchmail.html" title="13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-sendmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><
a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-switchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-fetchmail">13.3.3. Fetchmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id706819" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id706833" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fetchmail is an MTA which retrieves email from remote servers and delivers it to the local MTA. Many users appreciate the ability to separate the process of downloading their messages located on a remote server from the process of reading and organizing their email in an MUA. Designed with the needs of dial-up users in mind, Fetchmail connects and quickly downloads all of the email messages to the mail spool file using any number of protocols, including <code class="systemitem">POP3</code> and <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>. It can even forward email messages to an <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> server, if necessary.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Installing the fetchmail package</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
In order to use <span class="application"><strong>Fetchmail</strong></span>, first ensure the <span class="package">fetchmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
Fetchmail is configured for each user through the use of a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in the user's home directory. If it does not already exist, create the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file in your home directory
</div><div class="para">
Using preferences in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file, Fetchmail checks for email on a remote server and downloads it. It then delivers it to port <code class="constant">25</code> on the local machine, using the local MTA to place the email in the correct user's spool file. If Procmail is available, it is launched to filter the email and place it in a mailbox so that it can be read by an MUA.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">13.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id614572" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id614587" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration">13.3.3.1. Fetchmail Configuration Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id685883" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id685896" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although it is possible to pass all necessary options on the command line to check for email on a remote server when executing Fetchmail, using a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file is much easier. Place any desired configuration options in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file for those options to be used each time the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command is issued. It is possible to override these at the time Fetchmail is run by specifying that option on the command line.
</div><div class="para">
A user's <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file contains three classes of configuration options:
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
Users are not required to place their password in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file. Omitting the <code class="command">with password '<em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em>'</code> section causes Fetchmail to ask for a password when it is launched.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
Fetchmail has numerous global, server, and local options. Many of these options are rarely used or only apply to very specific situations. The <code class="filename">fetchmail</code> man page explains each option in detail, but the most common ones are listed in the following three sections.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">13.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id480525" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-global">13.3.3.2. Global Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id581339" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581358" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each global option should be placed on a single line after a <code class="command">set</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">daemon <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Specifies daemon-mode, where Fetchmail stays in the background. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds Fetchmail is to wait before polling the server.
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">postmaster</code> — Specifies a local user to send mail to in case of delivery problems.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">syslog</code> — Specifies the log file for errors and status messages. By default, this is <code class="filename">/var/log/maillog</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">13.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id612442" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id594052" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-configuration-server">13.3.3.3. Server Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id720168" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id720185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Server options must be placed on their own line in <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> after a <code class="command">poll</code> or <code class="command">skip</code> action.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">auth <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>auth-type</code></em> with the type of authentication to be used. By default, <code class="command">password</code> authentication is used, but some protocols support other types of authentication, including <code class="command">kerberos_v5</code>, <code class="command">kerberos_v4</code>, and <code class="command">ssh</code>. If the <code class="command">any</code> authentication type is used, Fetchmail first tries methods that do not require a password, then methods that mask the password, and finally attempts to send the password unencrypted to authenticate to the server.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">proto <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em> with the protocol, such as <code class="command">pop3</code> or <code class="command">imap</code>, to use when checking for messages on the server.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">timeout <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> </code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>seconds</code></em> with the number of seconds of server inactivity after which Fetchmail gives up on a connection attempt. If this value is not set, a default of <code class="command">300</code> seconds is assumed.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">13.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id516545" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id519263" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-fetchmail-configuration-user">13.3.3.4. User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id591381" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id648349" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
User options may be placed on their own lines beneath a server option or on the same line as the server option. In either case, the defined options must follow the <code class="command">user</code> option (defined below).
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">fetchall</code> — Orders Fetchmail to download all messages in the queue, including messages that have already been viewed. By default, Fetchmail only pulls down new messages.
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">ssl</code> — Activates SSL encryption.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">user "<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>"</code> — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em> with the username used by Fetchmail to retrieve messages. <span class="emphasis"><em>This option must precede all other user options.</em></span>
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">13.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id591380" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands">13.3.3.5. Fetchmail Command Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id594974" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most Fetchmail options used on the command line when executing the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command mirror the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> configuration options. In this way, Fetchmail may be used with or without a configuration file. These options are not used on the command line by most users because it is easier to leave them in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
There may be times when it is desirable to run the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command with other options for a particular purpose. It is possible to issue command options to temporarily override a <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> setting that is causing an error, as any options specified at the command line override configuration file options.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">13.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id564612" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-info">13.3.3.6. Informational or Debugging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id600113" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Certain options used after the <code class="command">fetchmail</code> command can supply important information.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">--configdump</code> — Displays every possible option based on information from <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> and Fetchmail defaults. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ poll mail.domain2.com
<code class="command">-v</code> — Executes Fetchmail in verbose mode, displaying every communication between Fetchmail and remote email servers.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-V</code> — Displays detailed version information, lists its global options, and shows settings to be used with each user, including the email protocol and authentication method. No email is retrieved for any users when using this option.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">13.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id608038" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-fetchmail-commands-special">13.3.3.7. Special Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id613400" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
These options are occasionally useful for overriding defaults often found in the <code class="filename">.fetchmailrc</code> file.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">-a</code> — Fetchmail downloads all messages from the remote email server, whether new or previously viewed. By default, Fetchmail only downloads new messages.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html
index d0b4c67..1c1743f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-mta-sendmail.html
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="13.3.3. Fetchmail" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-mta-
fetchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id532684" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id532698" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="13.3.3. Fetchmail" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-mta-
fetchmail.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-mta-sendmail">13.3.2. Sendmail</h3></div></div></div><a id="id602572" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590108" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sendmail's core purpose, like other MTAs, is to safely transfer email among hosts, usually using the <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code> protocol. However, Sendmail is highly configurable, allowing control over almost every aspect of how email is handled, including the protocol used. Many system administrators elect to use Sendmail as their MTA due to its power and scalability.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">13.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="id595556" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515516" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-purpose">13.3.2.1. Purpose and Limitations</h4></div></div></div><a id="id560890" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is important to be aware of what Sendmail is and what it can do, as opposed to what it is not. In these days of monolithic applications that fulfill multiple roles, Sendmail may seem like the only application needed to run an email server within an organization. Technically, this is true, as Sendmail can spool mail to each users' directory and deliver outbound mail for users. However, most users actually require much more than simple email delivery. Users usually want to interact with their email using an MUA, that uses <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code>, to download their messages to their local machine. Or, they may prefer a Web interface to gain access to their mailbox. These other applications can work in conjunction with Sendmail, but they actually exist for different reasons and can operate separately from one another.
</div><div class="para">
It is beyond the scope of this section to go into all that Sendmail should or could be configured to do. With literally hundreds of different options and rule sets, entire volumes have been dedicated to helping explain everything that can be done and how to fix things that go wrong. Refer to the <a class="xref" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Section 13.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for a list of Sendmail resources.
</div><div class="para">
This section reviews the files installed with Sendmail by default and reviews basic configuration changes, including how to stop unwanted email (spam) and how to extend Sendmail with the <em class="firstterm">Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</em>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">13.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id604266" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-default">13.3.2.2. The Default Sendmail Installation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id558635" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to use Sendmail, first ensure the <span class="package">sendmail</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">yum install sendmail</code></pre><div class="para">
In order to configure Sendmail, ensure the <span class="package">sendmail-cf</span> package is installed on your system by running, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
To finalize the change, the <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> file must be updated:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable</code></pre><div class="para">
Sendmail will create an updated <code class="filename">virtusertable.db</code> file containing the new configuration.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">13.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id495128" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id495142" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-changes">13.3.2.3. Common Sendmail Configuration Changes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id688943" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600619" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When altering the Sendmail configuration file, it is best not to edit an existing file, but to generate an entirely new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup the sendmail.cf file before changing its content</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Before changing the <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> file, it is a good idea to create a backup copy.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
The default configuration which ships with Fedora works for most <code class="systemitem">SMTP</code>-only sites. However, it does not work for <em class="firstterm">UUCP</em> (<em class="firstterm">UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol</em>) sites. If using UUCP mail transfers, the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</code> file must be reconfigured and a new <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file must be generated.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> file before editing any files in the directories under the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf</code> directory, as they can affect the future configuration of the <code class="filename">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</code> file.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">13.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="id585004" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id509445" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-changes-masquerading">13.3.2.4. Masquerading</h4></div></div></div><a id="id646066" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646080" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
One common Sendmail configuration is to have a single machine act as a mail gateway for all machines on the network. For instance, a company may want to have a machine called <code class="computeroutput">mail.example.com</code> that handles all of their email and assigns a consistent return address to all outgoing mail.
</div><div class="para">
In this situation, the Sendmail server must masquerade the machine names on the company network so that their return address is <code class="computeroutput">user at example.com</code> instead of <code class="computeroutput">user at host.example.com</code>.
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(`bigcorp.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(`bigcorp.com.')dnl
MASQUERADE_AS(bigcorp.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
After generating a new <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code> using the <code class="command">m4</code> macro processor, this configuration makes all mail from inside the network appear as if it were sent from <code class="computeroutput">bigcorp.com</code>.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">13.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="id616209" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-sendmail-stopping-spam">13.3.2.5. Stopping Spam</h4></div></div></div><a id="id619474" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Email spam can be defined as unnecessary and unwanted email received by a user who never requested the communication. It is a disruptive, costly, and widespread abuse of Internet communication standards.
</div><div class="para">
Sendmail makes it relatively easy to block new spamming techniques being employed to send junk email. It even blocks many of the more usual spamming methods by default. Main anti-spam features available in sendmail are <em class="firstterm">header checks</em>, <em class="firstterm">relaying denial</em> (default from version 8.9), <em class="firstterm">access database and sender information checks</em>.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ MASQUERADE_AS(bigcorp.com)dnl</pre><div class="para">
The above examples only represent a small part of what Sendmail can do in terms of allowing or blocking access. Refer to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/sendmail-cf/README</code> for more information and examples.
</div><div class="para">
Since Sendmail calls the Procmail MDA when delivering mail, it is also possible to use a spam filtering program, such as SpamAssassin, to identify and file spam for users. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-mda-spam">Section 13.4.2.6, “Spam Filters”</a> for more information about using SpamAssassin.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">13.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id480230" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mta-sendmail-ldap">13.3.2.6. Using Sendmail with LDAP</h4></div></div></div><a id="id724706" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Using <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is a very quick and powerful way to find specific information about a particular user from a much larger group. For example, an <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> server can be used to look up a particular email address from a common corporate directory by the user's last name. In this kind of implementation, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> is largely separate from Sendmail, with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> storing the hierarchical user information and Sendmail only being given the result of <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> queries in pre-addressed email messages.
</div><div class="para">
However, Sendmail supports a much greater integration with <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code>, where it uses <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> to replace separately maintained files, such as <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/mail/virtusertables</code>, on different mail servers that work together to support a medium- to enterprise-level organization. In short, <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> abstracts the mail routing level from Sendmail and its separate configuration files to a powerful <code class="systemitem">LDAP</code> cluster that can be leveraged by many different applications.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html
index 558454f..a65492d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-procmail-recipes.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="13.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="13.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="13.5. Mail User Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mua.html"><
strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id621578" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="13.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="13.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mua.html" title="13.5. Mail User Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mua.html"><
strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes">13.4.2. Procmail Recipes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id655246" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
New users often find the construction of recipes the most difficult part of learning to use Procmail. To some extent, this is understandable, as recipes do their message matching using <em class="firstterm">regular expressions</em>, which is a particular format used to specify qualifications for a matching string. However, regular expressions are not very difficult to construct and even less difficult to understand when read. Additionally, the consistency of the way Procmail recipes are written, regardless of regular expressions, makes it easy to learn by example. To see example Procmail recipes, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">Section 13.4.2.5, “Recipe Examples”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Procmail recipes take the following form:
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
A recipe can contain several conditions to match against the message. If it has no conditions, every message matches the recipe. Regular expressions are placed in some conditions to facilitate message matching. If multiple conditions are used, they must all match for the action to be performed. Conditions are checked based on the flags set in the recipe's first line. Optional special characters placed after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) can further control the condition.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>action-to-perform</code></em></code> argument specifies the action taken when the message matches one of the conditions. There can only be one action per recipe. In many cases, the name of a mailbox is used here to direct matching messages into that file, effectively sorting the email. Special action characters may also be used before the action is specified. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-email-procmail-recipes.html#s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">Section 13.4.2.4, “Special Conditions and Actions”</a> for more information.
- </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">13.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id595984" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id508550" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s2-email-procmail-recipes-delivering">13.4.2.1. Delivering vs. Non-Delivering Recipes</h4></div></div></div><a id="id589202" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686125" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The action used if the recipe matches a particular message determines whether it is considered a <em class="firstterm">delivering</em> or <em class="firstterm">non-delivering</em> recipe. A delivering recipe contains an action that writes the message to a file, sends the message to another program, or forwards the message to another email address. A non-delivering recipe covers any other actions, such as a <em class="firstterm">nesting block</em>. A nesting block is a set of actions, contained in braces <code class="command">{</code> <code class="command">}</code>, that are performed on messages which match the recipe's conditions. Nesting blocks can be nested inside one another, providing greater control for identifying and performing actions on messages.
</div><div class="para">
When messages match a delivering recipe, Procmail performs the specified action and stops comparing the message against any other recipes. Messages that match non-delivering recipes continue to be compared against other recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">13.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id506333" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-flags">13.4.2.2. Flags</h4></div></div></div><a id="id612423" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Flags are essential to determine how or if a recipe's conditions are compared to a message. The following flags are commonly used:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">A</code> — Specifies that this recipe is only used if the previous recipe without an <code class="command">A</code> or <code class="command">a</code> flag also matched this message.
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@
<code class="command">W</code> — Is identical to <code class="command">w</code> except that "Program failure" messages are suppressed.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For a detailed list of additional flags, refer to the <code class="filename">procmailrc</code> man page.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">13.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="id475779" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-lockfile">13.4.2.3. Specifying a Local Lockfile</h4></div></div></div><a id="id724396" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Lockfiles are very useful with Procmail to ensure that more than one process does not try to alter a message simultaneously. Specify a local lockfile by placing a colon (<code class="command">:</code>) after any flags on a recipe's first line. This creates a local lockfile based on the destination file name plus whatever has been set in the <code class="command">LOCKEXT</code> global environment variable.
</div><div class="para">
Alternatively, specify the name of the local lockfile to be used with this recipe after the colon.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">13.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="id484661" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id629460" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-special">13.4.2.4. Special Conditions and Actions</h4></div></div></div><a id="id630242" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600818" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Special characters used before Procmail recipe conditions and actions change the way they are interpreted.
</div><div class="para">
The following characters may be used after the asterisk character (<code class="command">*</code>) at the beginning of a recipe's condition line:
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
<code class="command">{</code> and <code class="command">}</code> — Constructs a nesting block, used to contain additional recipes to apply to matching messages.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
If no special character is used at the beginning of the action line, Procmail assumes that the action line is specifying the mailbox in which to write the message.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">13.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="id476370" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-procmail-recipes-examples">13.4.2.5. Recipe Examples</h4></div></div></div><a id="id517602" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Procmail is an extremely flexible program, but as a result of this flexibility, composing Procmail recipes from scratch can be difficult for new users.
</div><div class="para">
The best way to develop the skills to build Procmail recipe conditions stems from a strong understanding of regular expressions combined with looking at many examples built by others. A thorough explanation of regular expressions is beyond the scope of this section. The structure of Procmail recipes and useful sample Procmail recipes can be found at various places on the Internet (such as <a href="http://www.iki.fi/era/procmail/links.html">http://www.iki.fi/era/procmail/links.html</a>). The proper use and adaptation of regular expressions can be derived by viewing these recipe examples. In addition, introductory information about basic regular expression rules can be found in the <code class="filename">grep</code> man page.
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
Any messages sent from the <code class="computeroutput">tux-lug at domain.com</code> mailing list are placed in the <code class="filename">tuxlug</code> mailbox automatically for the MUA. Note that the condition in this example matches the message if it has the mailing list's email address on the <code class="computeroutput">From</code>, <code class="computeroutput">Cc</code>, or <code class="computeroutput">To</code> lines.
</div><div class="para">
Consult the many Procmail online resources available in <a class="xref" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html">Section 13.6, “Additional Resources”</a> for more detailed and powerful recipes.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-spam">13.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="id480291" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id486714" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658127" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-email-mda-spam"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-email-mda-spam">13.4.2.6. Spam Filters</h4></div></div></div><a id="id583910" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id636241" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id638655" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because it is called by Sendmail, Postfix, and Fetchmail upon receiving new emails, Procmail can be used as a powerful tool for combating spam.
</div><div class="para">
This is particularly true when Procmail is used in conjunction with SpamAssassin. When used together, these two applications can quickly identify spam emails, and sort or destroy them.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html
index aa5934a..b76c288 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-related-books.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="13.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="13.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 14. Directory Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cl
ass="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id602952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="13.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html" title="13.6.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html" title="Chapter 14. Directory Servers" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cl
ass="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Directory_Servers.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-related-books">13.6.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id721569" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail Milters: A Guide for Fighting Spam</em> by Bryan Costales and Marcia Flynt; Addison-Wesley — A good Sendmail guide that can help you customize your mail filters.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<em class="citetitle">Sendmail</em> by Bryan Costales with Eric Allman et al.; O'Reilly & Associates — A good Sendmail reference written with the assistance of the original creator of Delivermail and Sendmail.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html
index 86a49c3..cf27e1e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-switchmail.html
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@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="13.3.3. Fetchmail" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="13.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-e
mail-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id624494" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id624508" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id496346" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606166" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592442" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592453" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html" title="13.3.3. Fetchmail" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mda.html" title="13.4. Mail Delivery Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-e
mail-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-switchmail"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-switchmail">13.3.4. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id628986" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id643270" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id643284" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606939" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566624" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id721110" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Transport Agent</em> (MTA) is essential for sending email. A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (MUA) such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Thunderbird</strong></span>, and <span class="application"><strong>Mutt</strong></span>, is used to read and compose email. When a user sends an email from an MUA, the message is handed off to the MTA, which sends the message through a series of MTAs until it reaches its destination.
</div><div class="para">
Even if a user does not plan to send email from the system, some automated tasks or system programs might use the <code class="command">/bin/mail</code> command to send email containing log messages to the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user of the local system.
- </div><a id="id661855" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id661865" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id644351" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644361" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora 16 provides two MTAs: Postfix and Sendmail. If both are installed, Postfix is the default MTA.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-mta-fetchmail.html"><strong>Prev</strong>13.3.3. Fetchmail</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-email-mda.html"><strong>Next</strong>13.4. Mail Delivery Agents</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-types-mda.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-types-mda.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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="n" href="s2-email-types-mua.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id573856" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id657245" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id631331" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-types.html" title="13.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-types.html" title="13.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-types-mua.html" title="13.2.3. Mail User Agent" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-types.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey
="n" href="s2-email-types-mua.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mda"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mda">13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id609302" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627542" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627556" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MDA</em>) is invoked by the MTA to file incoming email in the proper user's mailbox. In many cases, the MDA is actually a <em class="firstterm">Local Delivery Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">LDA</em>), such as <code class="command">mail</code> or Procmail.
</div><div class="para">
Any program that actually handles a message for delivery to the point where it can be read by an email client application can be considered an MDA. For this reason, some MTAs (such as Sendmail and Postfix) can fill the role of an MDA when they append new email messages to a local user's mail spool file. In general, MDAs do not transport messages between systems nor do they provide a user interface; MDAs distribute and sort messages on the local machine for an email client application to access.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html
index 15bf98b..7093527 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-types-mua.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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n" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id574669" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id533380" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586995" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-types.html" title="13.2. Email Program Classifications" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-email-types-mda.html" title="13.2.2. Mail Delivery Agent" /><link rel="next" href="s1-email-mta.html" title="13.3. Mail Transport Agents" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-email-types-mda.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="
n" href="s1-email-mta.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-types-mua"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-types-mua">13.2.3. Mail User Agent</h3></div></div></div><a id="id703019" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id690547" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id707362" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A <em class="firstterm">Mail User Agent</em> (<em class="firstterm">MUA</em>) is synonymous with an email client application. An MUA is a program that, at the very least, allows a user to read and compose email messages. Many MUAs are capable of retrieving messages via the <code class="systemitem">POP</code> or <code class="systemitem">IMAP</code> protocols, setting up mailboxes to store messages, and sending outbound messages to an MTA.
</div><div class="para">
MUAs may be graphical, such as <span class="application"><strong>Evolution</strong></span>, or have simple text-based interfaces, such as <span class="application"><strong>pine</strong></span>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-email-useful-websites.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id600348" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="13.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html" title="13.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s2-email-related-books.html" title="13.6.3. Related Books" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-email-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li>
<li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-email-related-books.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-email-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-email-useful-websites">13.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id610467" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.org/">http://www.sendmail.org/</a> — Offers a thorough technical breakdown of Sendmail features, documentation and configuration examples.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.sendmail.com/">http://www.sendmail.com/</a> — Contains news, interviews and articles concerning Sendmail, including an expanded view of the many options available.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html
index fafa8ef..916dcee 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-resources.html
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@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
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c-Printer_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id507549" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="15.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="se
c-Printer_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-resources">15.2.6. Additional Resources</h3></div></div></div><a id="id701390" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For more information about <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, refer to the following resources.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation">15.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id615198" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-installed-documentation">15.2.6.1. Installed Documentation</h4></div></div></div><a id="id637594" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/vsftpd-<em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em>/</code> directory — Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>version-number</code></em> with the installed version of the <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> package. This directory contains a <code class="filename">README</code> with basic information about the software. The <code class="filename">TUNING</code> file contains basic performance tuning tips and the <code class="filename">SECURITY/</code> directory contains information about the security model employed by <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">vsftpd</code> related man pages — There are a number of man pages for the daemon and configuration files. The following lists some of the more important man pages.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
<code class="command">man vsftpd.conf</code> — Contains a detailed list of options available within the configuration file for <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">man 5 hosts_access </code> — Describes the format and options available within the TCP wrappers configuration files: <code class="filename">hosts.allow</code> and <code class="filename">hosts.deny</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites">15.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id565026" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-useful-websites">15.2.6.2. Useful Websites</h4></div></div></div><a id="id743065" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://vsftpd.beasts.org/">http://vsftpd.beasts.org/</a> — The <code class="command">vsftpd</code> project page is a great place to locate the latest documentation and to contact the author of the software.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html">http://slacksite.com/other/ftp.html</a> — This website provides a concise explanation of the differences between active and passive mode <code class="systemitem">FTP</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html
index fc5604a..70d99be 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-servers.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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i></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id575170" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646044" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id563700" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id469369" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="next" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="15.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-FTP.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></l
i></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-servers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-servers">15.2.2. FTP Servers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id579360" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id574593" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637669" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id575965" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora ships with two different <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>Red Hat Content Accelerator</strong></span> — A kernel-based Web server that delivers high performance Web server and <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> services. Since speed is its primary design goal, it has limited functionality and runs only as an anonymous <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> server. For more information about configuring and administering <span class="application"><strong>Red Hat Content Accelerator</strong></span>, consult the documentation available online at <a href="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/tux/">http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/tux/</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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sources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id572846" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649797" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="15.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="15.2.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-re
sources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.5. <code class="command">vsftpd</code> Configuration Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id560990" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id587703" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Although <code class="command">vsftpd</code> may not offer the level of customization other widely available <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> servers have, it offers enough options to fill most administrator's needs. The fact that it is not overly feature-laden limits configuration and programmatic errors.
</div><div class="para">
All configuration of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is handled by its configuration file, <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. Each directive is on its own line within the file and follows the following format:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
For an overview of ways to secure <code class="command">vsftpd</code>, refer to the Fedora <em class="citetitle">Security Guide</em>.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The following is a list of some of the more important directives within <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>. All directives not explicitly found or commented out within <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s configuration file are set to their default value.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">15.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id500805" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-daemon">15.2.5.1. Daemon Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id579355" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the overall behavior of the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> daemon.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">listen</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> runs in stand-alone mode. Fedora sets this value to <code class="command">YES</code>. This directive cannot be used in conjunction with the <code class="command">listen_ipv6</code> directive.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
<code class="command">session_support</code> — When enabled, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> attempts to maintain login sessions for each user through Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM). For more information, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Using Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)</em> chapter of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 <em class="citetitle">Managing Single Sign-On and Smart Cards</em> and the PAM man pages. . If session logging is not necessary, disabling this option allows <code class="command">vsftpd</code> to run with less processes and lower privileges.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">15.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="id708616" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479453" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-login">15.2.5.2. Log In Options and Access Controls</h4></div></div></div><a id="id684157" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following is a list of directives which control the login behavior and access control mechanisms.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> — When enabled, anonymous users are allowed to log in. The usernames <code class="computeroutput">anonymous</code> and <code class="computeroutput">ftp</code> are accepted.
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
<code class="command">userlist_file</code> — Specifies the file referenced by <code class="command">vsftpd</code> when the <code class="command">userlist_enable</code> directive is enabled.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/user_list</code> and is created during installation.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">15.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id594807" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-anon">15.2.5.3. Anonymous User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id707984" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which control anonymous user access to the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">anonymous_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">anon_mkdir_write_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with the <code class="command">write_enable</code> directive, anonymous users are allowed to create new directories within a parent directory which has write permissions.
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
Anonymous logins are prevented unless the password provided is listed in <code class="command">/etc/vsftpd/email_passwords</code>. The file format is one password per line, with no trailing white spaces.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">15.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id547186" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-usr">15.2.5.4. Local User Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id740285" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which characterize the way local users access the server. To use these options, the <code class="command">local_enable</code> directive must be set to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">chmod_enable</code> — When enabled, the <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> command <code class="command">SITE CHMOD</code> is allowed for local users. This command allows the users to change the permissions on files.
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
<code class="command">user_config_dir</code> — Specifies the path to a directory containing configuration files bearing the name of local system users that contain specific setting for that user. Any directive in the user's configuration file overrides those found in <code class="filename">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
There is no default value for this directive.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">15.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id622970" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-dir">15.2.5.5. Directory Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id719032" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dirlist_enable</code> — When enabled, users are allowed to view directory lists.
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
<code class="command">use_localtime</code> — When enabled, directory listings reveal the local time for the computer instead of GMT.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">NO</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">15.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id482456" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-file">15.2.5.6. File Transfer Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id651902" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect directories.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">download_enable</code> — When enabled, file downloads are permitted.
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
<code class="command">write_enable</code> — When enabled, <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> commands which can change the file system are allowed, such as <code class="command">DELE</code>, <code class="command">RNFR</code>, and <code class="command">STOR</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The default value is <code class="command">YES</code>.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">15.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id623991" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-log">15.2.5.7. Logging Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690367" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect <code class="command">vsftpd</code>'s logging behavior.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> — When enabled in conjunction with <code class="command">xferlog_enable</code>, <code class="command">vsftpd</code> writes two files simultaneously: a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible log to the file specified in the <code class="command">xferlog_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/xferlog</code> by default) and a standard <code class="command">vsftpd</code> log file specified in the <code class="command">vsftpd_log_file</code> directive (<code class="filename">/var/log/vsftpd.log</code> by default).
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
To both log connections in <code class="command">vsftpd</code> format and maintain a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log, set <code class="command">dual_log_enable</code> to <code class="command">YES</code>.
</div><div class="para">
If maintaining a <code class="command">wu-ftpd</code>-compatible file transfer log is not important, either set <code class="command">xferlog_std_format</code> to <code class="command">NO</code>, comment the line with a hash sign (<code class="command">#</code>), or delete the line entirely.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">15.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id531942" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf-opt-net">15.2.5.8. Network Options</h4></div></div></div><a id="id684478" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The following lists directives which affect how <code class="command">vsftpd</code> interacts with the network.
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="command">accept_timeout</code> — Specifies the amount of time for a client using passive mode to establish a connection.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html
index 5f1a3a1..f10695b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="15.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="15.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s
2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id564058" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id648802" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id532465" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600566" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id673668" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="15.2.3. Files Installed with vsftpd" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html" title="15.2.5. vsftpd Configuration Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s
2-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start">15.2.4. Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id558822" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id651435" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737109" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id629400" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id600077" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> script, which can be accessed using the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command.
</div><div class="para">
To start the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
To conditionally restart the server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code> type:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl condrestart vsftpd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
By default, the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service does <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> start automatically at boot time. To configure the <code class="command">vsftpd</code> service to start at boot time, use a service manager such as <code class="command">systemctl</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a> for more information on how to configure services in Fedora.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">15.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="id480223" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id506831" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-start-multi">15.2.4.1. Starting Multiple Copies of <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h4></div></div></div><a id="id571510" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id559426" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Sometimes one computer is used to serve multiple <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> domains. This is a technique called <em class="firstterm">multihoming</em>. One way to multihome using <code class="command">vsftpd</code> is by running multiple copies of the daemon, each with its own configuration file.
</div><div class="para">
To do this, first assign all relevant <code class="systemitem">IP</code> addresses to network devices or alias network devices on the system. Additional information about network configuration scripts can be found in <a class="xref" href="ch-Network_Interfaces.html">Chapter 6, <em>Network Interfaces</em></a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html
index b5585ef..aa475ea 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</h3></div></div></div><a id="id502677" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html" title="23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html" title="23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-log.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace">23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace</h3></div></div></div><a id="id592045" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display the kernel stack trace, type the <code class="command">bt</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">bt <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display the backtrace of the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-backtrace"><h6>Example 23.5. Displaying the kernel stack trace</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">bt</code>
PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-files.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-files.html
index 664116f..9764b55 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-files.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html" title="23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html" title="23.2.7. Exiting the Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cl
ass="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id563288" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html" title="23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html" title="23.2.7. Exiting the Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cl
ass="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-exit.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-files">23.2.6. Displaying Open Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id730438" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display information about open files, type the <code class="command">files</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">files <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display files opened by the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-files"><h6>Example 23.8. Displaying information about open files of the current context</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">files</code>
PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-log.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-log.html
index 3675078..af8f537 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-log.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-log.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html" title="23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kdump-crash.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesske
y="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656278" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html" title="23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kdump-crash.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesske
y="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-log">23.2.2. Displaying the Message Buffer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id573221" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display the kernel message buffer, type the <code class="command">log</code> command at the interactive prompt.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-log"><h6>Example 23.4. Displaying the kernel message buffer</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">log</code>
<span class="emphasis"><em>... several lines omitted ...</em></span>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-memory.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-memory.html
index 1d9816d..0347360 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-memory.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-memory.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html" title="23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html" title="23.2.6. Displaying Open Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id611880" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html" title="23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html" title="23.2.6. Displaying Open Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-processes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li cla
ss="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-files.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-memory">23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id701425" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display basic virtual memory information, type the <code class="command">vm</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">vm <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display information on the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-memory"><h6>Example 23.7. Displaying virtual memory information of the current context</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">vm</code>
PID: 5591 TASK: f196d560 CPU: 2 COMMAND: "bash"
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-processes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-processes.html
index ea88610..398314f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-processes.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-crash-processes.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html" title="23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html" title="23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a>
</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</h3></div></div></div><a id="id626472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-crash.html" title="23.2. Analyzing the Core Dump" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html" title="23.2.3. Displaying a Backtrace" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html" title="23.2.5. Displaying Virtual Memory Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-kdump-crash-backtrace.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a>
</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kdump-crash-memory.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-crash-processes">23.2.4. Displaying a Process Status</h3></div></div></div><a id="id577015" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display status of processes in the system, type the <code class="command">ps</code> command at the interactive prompt. You can use <code class="command">ps <em class="replaceable"><code>pid</code></em></code> to display the status of the selected process.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-kdump-crash-processes"><h6>Example 23.6. Displaying status of processes in the system</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">crash> <code class="command">ps</code>
PID PPID CPU TASK ST %MEM VSZ RSS COMM
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-resources-online.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-resources-online.html
index c99ab7f..9362aac 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-resources-online.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kdump-resources-online.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-resources.html" title="23.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kdump-resources.html" title="23.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix A. RPM" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kdump-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-RPM.html"><
strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-online"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id478179" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://people.redhat.com/anderson/">http://people.redhat.com/anderson/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kdump-resources.html" title="23.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kdump-resources.html" title="23.3. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html" title="Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kdump-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a
></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kdump-resources-online"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kdump-resources-online">23.3.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id599839" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a href="http://people.redhat.com/anderson/">http://people.redhat.com/anderson/</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> utility homepage.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kdump-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>23.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix A. RPM</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kdump-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>23.3. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html
index 5c7e1b3..ed356da 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html"><strong>Prev</st
rong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id488038" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id488050" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /><link rel="next" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html" title="21.6.3. Configuring the YABOOT Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html"><strong>Prev</st
rong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-kernel-boot-loader-pseries.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-kernel-boot-loader-iseries">21.6.2. Configuring the OS/400 Boot Loader</h3></div></div></div><a id="id577731" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id577743" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel-version</code></em></code> file is installed when you upgrade the kernel. However, you must use the <code class="command">dd</code> command to configure the system to boot the new kernel.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, issue the command <code class="command">cat /proc/iSeries/mf/side</code> to determine the default side (either A, B, or C).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-keys-checking.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-keys-checking.html
index 4ac6cc1..b808391 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-keys-checking.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-keys-checking.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="A.3. Checking a Package's Signature" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="A.3. Checking a Package's Signature" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html" title="A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="B.3. Checking a Package's Signature" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="B.3. Checking a Package's Signature" /><link rel="next" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html" title="B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li>
<li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-keys-checking"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-keys-checking">B.3.2. Verifying Signature of Packages</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
To check the GnuPG signature of an RPM file after importing the builder's GnuPG key, use the following command (replace <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> with the file name of the RPM package):
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -K <em class="replaceable"><code><rpm_file></code></em> </code>
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
If all goes well, the following message is displayed: <code class="computeroutput">rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK</code>. This means that the signature of the package has been verified, that it is not corrupt, and is therefore safe to install and use.
</div><div class="para">
For more information, including a list of currently-used Fedora Project keys and their fingerprints, refer to <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/en/keys">http://fedoraproject.org/en/keys</a>.
- </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.3. Checking a Package's Signature</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.3. Checking a Package's Signature</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-rpm-impressing.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.4. Practical and Common Examples of RPM Usage</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-log-files-useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-log-files-useful-websites.html
index 32a0953..ed3a35f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-log-files-useful-websites.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-log-files-useful-websites.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="17.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="17.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"
><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id517192" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="17.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html" title="17.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html" title="Chapter 18. Automating System Tasks" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-log-files-additional-resources.html"
><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Automating_System_Tasks.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-log-files-useful-websites">17.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id693793" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.rsyslog.com/">http://www.rsyslog.com/</a> — Offers a thorough technical breakdown of <span class="package">rsyslog</span> features, documentation, configuration examples, and video tutorials.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://wiki.rsyslog.com/index.php/Main_Page">http://wiki.rsyslog.com/index.php/Main_Page</a> — Contains useful <code class="filename">/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> configuration examples.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html
index 6484ff6..c12d612 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html" title="6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html" title="6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.
html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id492248" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id492266" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html" title="6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html" title="6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.
html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias">6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files</h3></div></div></div><a id="id631414" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id631431" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Two lesser-used types of interface configuration files are <em class="firstterm">alias</em> and <em class="firstterm">clone</em> files.
</div><div class="para">
Alias interface configuration files, which are used to bind multiple addresses to a single interface, use the <code class="filename">ifcfg-<em class="replaceable"><code>if-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>alias-value</code></em> </code> naming scheme.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html
index 7c3b026..dbbb5ad 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html" title="6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html
"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id491983" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id492000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html" title="6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html
"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan">6.2.2. Channel Bonding Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id631157" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id631175" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora allows administrators to bind multiple network interfaces together into a single channel using the <code class="filename">bonding</code> kernel module and a special network interface called a <em class="firstterm">channel bonding interface</em>. Channel bonding enables two or more network interfaces to act as one, simultaneously increasing the bandwidth and providing redundancy.
</div><div class="para">
To create a channel bonding interface, create a file in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</code> directory called <code class="filename">ifcfg-bond<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> </code>, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> with the number for the interface, such as <code class="filename">0</code>.
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
The contents of the file can be identical to whatever type of interface is getting bonded, such as an Ethernet interface. The only difference is that the <code class="command">DEVICE=</code> directive must be <code class="command">bond<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> </code>, replacing <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> with the number for the interface.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a sample channel bonding configuration file:
- </div><div class="example" id="ex-Sample_ifcfg-bond0_interface_configuration_file"><h6>Example 6.1. Sample ifcfg-bond0 interface configuration file</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting">DEVICE=bond0
+ </div><pre class="programlisting">DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
-BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters separated by spaces</code></em>"</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="para">
+BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters separated by spaces</code></em>"</pre><div class="para">
After the channel bonding interface is created, the network interfaces to be bound together must be configured by adding the <code class="command">MASTER=</code> and <code class="command">SLAVE=</code> directives to their configuration files. The configuration files for each of the channel-bonded interfaces can be nearly identical.
</div><div class="para">
For example, if two Ethernet interfaces are being channel bonded, both <code class="filename">eth0</code> and <code class="filename">eth1</code> may look like the following example:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html
index 3c5329f..9519410 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html" title="6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html" title="6.2.5. Other Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.htm
l"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id492440" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-networkscripts-interfaces.html" title="6.2. Interface Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.html" title="6.2.3. Alias and Clone Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html" title="6.2.5. Other Interfaces" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-alias.htm
l"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-other.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-ppp0">6.2.4. Dialup Interfaces</h3></div></div></div><a id="id631606" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you are connecting to the Internet via a dialup connection, a configuration file is necessary for the interface.
</div><div class="para">
PPP interface files are named using the following format:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html
index eeda407..d120630 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-events.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Prev<
/strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656929" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html" title="20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html"><strong>Prev<
/strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-events"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-events">20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor</h3></div></div></div><a id="id643935" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Most processors contain <em class="firstterm">counters</em>, which are used by OProfile to monitor specific events. As shown in <a class="xref" href="s2-oprofile-events.html#tb-oprofile-processors">Table 20.2, “OProfile Processors and Counters”</a>, the number of counters available depends on the processor.
</div><div class="table" id="tb-oprofile-processors"><h6>Table 20.2. OProfile Processors and Counters</h6><div class="table-contents"><table summary="OProfile Processors and Counters" border="1"><colgroup><col width="43%" class="option" /><col width="29%" class="description" /><col width="29%" class="description" /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>
Processor
@@ -205,13 +205,13 @@
The number of events that can be monitored at one time is determined by the number of counters for the processor. However, it is not a one-to-one correlation; on some processors, certain events must be mapped to specific counters. To determine the number of counters available, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ls -d /dev/oprofile/[0-9]*</code></pre><div class="para">
The events available vary depending on the processor type. To determine the events available for profiling, execute the following command as root (the list is specific to the system's processor type):
- </div><a id="id649413" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649430" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id592580" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id627220" class="indexterm"></a><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ophelp</code></pre><div class="para">
The events for each counter can be configured via the command line or with a graphical interface. For more information on the graphical interface, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-oprofile-gui.html">Section 20.9, “Graphical Interface”</a>. If the counter cannot be set to a specific event, an error message is displayed.
</div><div class="para">
To set the event for each configurable counter via the command line, use <code class="command">opcontrol</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em> with the exact name of the event from <code class="command">ophelp</code>, and replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events between samples.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling">20.2.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id659263" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-sampling">20.2.2.1. Sampling Rate</h4></div></div></div><a id="id567819" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, a time-based event set is selected. It creates a sample every 100,000 clock cycles per processor. If the timer interrupt is used, the timer is set to whatever the jiffy rate is and is not user-settable. If the <code class="computeroutput">cpu_type</code> is not <code class="computeroutput">timer</code>, each event can have a <em class="firstterm">sampling rate</em> set for it. The sampling rate is the number of events between each sample snapshot.
</div><div class="para">
When setting the event for the counter, a sample rate can also be specified:
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em> with the number of events to wait before sampling again. The smaller the count, the more frequent the samples. For events that do not happen frequently, a lower count may be needed to capture the event instances.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Sampling too frequently can overload the system</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Be extremely careful when setting sampling rates. Sampling too frequently can overload the system, causing the system to appear as if it is frozen or causing the system to actually freeze.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">20.2.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="id583499" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-oprofile-events-unit-masks">20.2.2.2. Unit Masks</h4></div></div></div><a id="id598899" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Some user performance monitoring events may also require unit masks to further define the event.
</div><div class="para">
Unit masks for each event are listed with the <code class="command">ophelp</code> command. The values for each unit mask are listed in hexadecimal format. To specify more than one unit mask, the hexadecimal values must be combined using a bitwise <em class="firstterm">or</em> operation.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html
index 47624a6..91cd4d3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-module-output.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.5.4. Using opannotate" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single
.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id635824" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id650647" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html" title="20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html" title="20.5.4. Using opannotate" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single
.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-module-output"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-module-output">20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules</h3></div></div></div><a id="id619413" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id571763" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
OProfile collects data on a system-wide basis for kernel- and user-space code running on the machine. However, once a module is loaded into the kernel, the information about the origin of the kernel module is lost. The module could have come from the <code class="filename">initrd</code> file on boot up, the directory with the various kernel modules, or a locally created kernel module. As a result, when OProfile records sample for a module, it just lists the samples for the modules for an executable in the root directory, but this is unlikely to be the place with the actual code for the module. You will need to take some steps to make sure that analysis tools get the executable.
</div><div class="para">
To get a more detailed view of the actions of the module, you will need to either have the module "unstripped" (that is installed from a custom build) or have the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package installed for the kernel.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html
index 00833f4..fc07558 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html" title="20.6. Understanding /dev/oprofile/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><st
rong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id484629" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id668410" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html" title="20.6. Understanding /dev/oprofile/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><st
rong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-dev-oprofile.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opannotate">20.5.4. Using <code class="command">opannotate</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id597215" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id638384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">opannotate</code> tool tries to match the samples for particular instructions to the corresponding lines in the source code. The resulting files generated should have the samples for the lines at the left. It also puts in a comment at the beginning of each function listing the total samples for the function.
</div><div class="para">
For this utility to work, the appropriate <span class="package">debuginfo</span> package for the executable must be installed on the system. By default, Fedora <span class="package">debuginfo</span> packages are not installed together with their corresponding packages, which contain the executable, so that you have to obtain and install the <span class="package">debuginfo</span> packages separately.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html
index 9bdd4c9..4cc7143 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Pr
ev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="id467915" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id486012" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html" title="20.5. Analyzing the Data" /><link rel="next" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html" title="20.5.3. Getting more detailed output on the modules" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-oprofile-analyzing-data.html"><strong>Pr
ev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-oprofile-module-output.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-reading-opreport-single">20.5.2. Using opreport on a Single Executable</h3></div></div></div><a id="id586995" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id587040" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To retrieve more detailed profiled information about a specific executable, use <code class="command">opreport</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opreport <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
<em class="replaceable"><code>executable</code></em> must be the full path to the executable to be analyzed. <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> must be one of the following:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html
index 8eb889e..e212035 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-oprofile-starting-separate.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-events.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="id590322" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-oprofile-configuring.html" title="20.2. Configuring OProfile" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-oprofile-events.html" title="20.2.2. Setting Events to Monitor" /><link rel="next" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html" title="20.3. Starting and Stopping OProfile" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-oprofile-events.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-oprofile-starting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-oprofile-starting-separate">20.2.3. Separating Kernel and User-space Profiles</h3></div></div></div><a id="id687451" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, kernel mode and user mode information is gathered for each event. To configure OProfile to ignore events in kernel mode for a specific counter, execute the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">opcontrol --event=<em class="replaceable"><code>event-name</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>sample-rate</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>unit-mask</code></em>:0</code></pre><div class="para">
Execute the following command to start profiling kernel mode for the counter again:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cmdline.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cmdline.html
index d281cb6..0ab682d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cmdline.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cmdline.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html" title="E.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><l
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This file shows the parameters passed to the kernel at the time it is started. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/cmdline</code> file looks like the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet 3
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet 3
Next, <code class="computeroutput">rhgb</code> signals that the <code class="filename">rhgb</code> package has been installed, and graphical booting is supported, assuming <code class="filename">/etc/inittab</code> shows a default runlevel set to <code class="command">id:5:initdefault:</code>.
</div><div class="para">
Finally, <code class="computeroutput">quiet</code> indicates all verbose kernel messages are suppressed at boot time.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cpuinfo.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cpuinfo.html
index 6a44fd6..e68b306 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cpuinfo.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-cpuinfo.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html" title="E.2.2. /proc/cmdline" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-crypto.html" title="E.2.4. /proc/crypto" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-cmdline.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n"
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This virtual file identifies the type of processor used by your system. The following is an example of the output typical of <code class="filename">/proc/cpuinfo</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">
processor : 0
@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ bogomips : 4771.02
<code class="computeroutput">siblings</code> — Displays the number of sibling CPUs on the same physical CPU for architectures which use hyper-threading.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">flags</code> — Defines a number of different qualities about the processor, such as the presence of a floating point unit (FPU) and the ability to process MMX instructions.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-crypto.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-crypto.html
index 1919a62..108c977 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-crypto.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html" title="E.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-devices.html" title="E.2.5. /proc/devices" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="
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This file lists all installed cryptographic ciphers used by the Linux kernel, including additional details for each. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/crypto</code> file looks like the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
name : sha1
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ module : md5
type : digest
blocksize : 64
digestsize : 16
-</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-devices.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2.5. /proc/devices </a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-cpuinfo.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.3. /proc/cpuinfo </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-devices.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.5. /proc/devices </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-devices.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-devices.html
index 4396ad9..e94c4a6 100644
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@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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This file displays the various character and block devices currently configured (not including devices whose modules are not loaded). Below is a sample output from this file:
</div><pre class="screen">
Character devices:
@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ Block devices:
Character devices send data with no preconfigured size. Block devices can send and receive information in blocks of a size configured per device.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
For more information about devices refer to the following installed documentation:
- </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/devices.txt</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-crypto.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.2.4. /proc/crypto </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dma.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2.6. /proc/dma </a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/devices.txt</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-crypto.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.4. /proc/crypto </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dma.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.6. /proc/dma </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-bus.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-bus.html
index 487199c..5db4d1d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-bus.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-bus.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>D.3.2. /proc/bus/</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>E.3.2. /proc/bus/</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-pci.html" title="E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-directories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n"
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This directory contains information specific to the various buses available on the system. For example, on a standard system containing PCI and USB buses, current data on each of these buses is available within a subdirectory within <code class="filename">/proc/bus/</code> by the same name, such as <code class="filename">/proc/bus/pci/</code>.
</div><div class="para">
The subdirectories and files available within <code class="filename">/proc/bus/</code> vary depending on the devices connected to the system. However, each bus type has at least one directory. Within these bus directories are normally at least one subdirectory with a numerical name, such as <code class="filename">001</code>, which contain binary files.
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ S: SerialNumber=d400
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=40 MxPwr= 0mA
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub
E: Ad=81(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 8 Ivl=255ms
-</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-directories.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.3. Directories within /proc/</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-pci.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-proc-directories.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3. Directories within /proc/</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-pci.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-driver.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-driver.html
index 0ca2067..cdc91a0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-driver.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-driver.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-pci.html" title="E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html" title="E.3.5. /proc/fs" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-pci.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"
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This directory contains information for specific drivers in use by the kernel.
</div><div class="para">
A common file found here is <code class="filename">rtc</code> which provides output from the driver for the system's <em class="firstterm">Real Time Clock (RTC)</em>, the device that keeps the time while the system is switched off. Sample output from <code class="filename">/proc/driver/rtc</code> looks like the following:
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ batt_status : okay
For more information about the RTC, refer to the following installed documentation:
</div><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/rtc.txt</code>.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-pci.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.5. /proc/fs </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-fs.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-fs.html
index 5da5721..dc18c1e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-fs.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-fs.html
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html" title="E.3.4. /proc/driver/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html" title="E.3.6. /proc/irq/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-
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This directory shows which file systems are exported. If running an NFS server, typing <code class="command">cat /proc/fs/nfsd/exports</code> displays the file systems being shared and the permissions granted for those file systems. For more on file system sharing with NFS, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Network File System (NFS)</em> chapter of the <em class="citetitle">Storage Administration Guide</em>.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.4. /proc/driver/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-irq.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-irq.html
index 040f7ec..94003d1 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-irq.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html" title="E.3.5. /proc/fs" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html" title="E.3.7. /proc/net/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-net.
html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-irq"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-irq">E.3.6. /proc/irq/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id695640" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory is used to set IRQ to CPU affinity, which allows the system to connect a particular IRQ to only one CPU. Alternatively, it can exclude a CPU from handling any IRQs.
</div><div class="para">
Each IRQ has its own directory, allowing for the individual configuration of each IRQ. The <code class="filename">/proc/irq/prof_cpu_mask</code> file is a bitmask that contains the default values for the <code class="filename">smp_affinity</code> file in the IRQ directory. The values in <code class="filename">smp_affinity</code> specify which CPUs handle that particular IRQ.
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
For more information about the <code class="filename">/proc/irq/</code> directory, refer to the following installed documentation:
</div><pre class="screen">
/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
-</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.3.5. /proc/fs </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.3.7. /proc/net/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-fs.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.5. /proc/fs </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.7. /proc/net/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-net.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-net.html
index 29f0c61..14884a1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-net.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-net.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html" title="E.3.6. /proc/irq/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html" title="E.3.8. /proc/scsi/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-di
r-scsi.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-net">E.3.7. /proc/net/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id695711" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory provides a comprehensive look at various networking parameters and statistics. Each directory and virtual file within this directory describes aspects of the system's network configuration. Below is a partial list of the <code class="filename">/proc/net/</code> directory:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">arp</code> — Lists the kernel's ARP table. This file is particularly useful for connecting a hardware address to an IP address on a system.
@@ -51,4 +51,4 @@
<code class="filename">unix</code> — Lists UNIX domain sockets currently in use.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">wireless</code> — Lists wireless interface data.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-irq.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.6. /proc/irq/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-scsi.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-scsi.html
index 67bcd6b..47397fa 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-scsi.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-scsi.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>E.3.8. /proc/scsi/</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html" title="E.3.7. /proc/net/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html" title="E.3.9. /proc/sys/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-
sys.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-scsi"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-scsi">E.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id696038" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The primary file in this directory is <code class="filename">/proc/scsi/scsi</code>, which contains a list of every recognized SCSI device. From this listing, the type of device, as well as the model name, vendor, SCSI channel and ID data is available.
</div><div class="para">
For example, if a system contains a SCSI CD-ROM, a tape drive, a hard drive, and a RAID controller, this file looks similar to the following:
@@ -94,4 +94,4 @@ Reads: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Writes: 0 0 0 1 131 0 0 0
</pre><div class="para">
This output reveals the transfer speed to the SCSI devices connected to the controller based on channel ID, as well as detailed statistics concerning the amount and sizes of files read or written by that device. For example, this controller is communicating with the CD-ROM at 20 megabytes per second, while the tape drive is only communicating at 10 megabytes per second.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-net.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.7. /proc/net/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.9. /proc/sys/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sys.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sys.html
index f73cd76..63d0cc1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sys.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sys.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html" title="E.3.8. /proc/scsi/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html" title="E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="
s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-sys"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-sys">E.3.9. /proc/sys/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id696144" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696167" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696181" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696212" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696230" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696245" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory is different from others in <code class="filename">/proc/</code> because it not only provides information about the system but also allows the system administrator to immediately enable and disable kernel features.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Be careful when changing the content of /proc/sys/</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Use caution when changing settings on a production system using the various files in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory. Changing the wrong setting may render the kernel unstable, requiring a system reboot.
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
</div><pre class="screen">
echo 4 2 45 > /proc/sys/kernel/acct
</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Changes made using the echo command are not persistent</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Any configuration changes made using the <code class="command">echo</code> command disappear when the system is restarted. To make configuration changes take effect after the system is rebooted, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Section D.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>.
+ Any configuration changes made using the <code class="command">echo</code> command disappear when the system is restarted. To make configuration changes take effect after the system is rebooted, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html">Section E.4, “Using the sysctl Command”</a>.
</div></div></div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/proc/sys/</code> directory contains several subdirectories controlling different aspects of a running kernel.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-dev"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-dev">D.3.9.1. /proc/sys/dev/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id695272" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-dev"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-dev">E.3.9.1. /proc/sys/dev/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id696419" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory provides parameters for particular devices on the system. Most systems have at least two directories, <code class="filename">cdrom/</code> and <code class="filename">raid/</code>. Customized kernels can have other directories, such as <code class="filename">parport/</code>, which provides the ability to share one parallel port between multiple device drivers.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">cdrom/</code> directory contains a file called <code class="filename">info</code>, which reveals a number of important CD-ROM parameters:
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
Various files in <code class="filename">/proc/sys/dev/cdrom</code>, such as <code class="filename">autoclose</code> and <code class="filename">checkmedia</code>, can be used to control the system's CD-ROM. Use the <code class="command">echo</code> command to enable or disable these features.
</div><div class="para">
If RAID support is compiled into the kernel, a <code class="filename">/proc/sys/dev/raid/</code> directory becomes available with at least two files in it: <code class="filename">speed_limit_min</code> and <code class="filename">speed_limit_max</code>. These settings determine the acceleration of RAID devices for I/O intensive tasks, such as resyncing the disks.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-fs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-fs">D.3.9.2. /proc/sys/fs/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id695394" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-fs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-fs">E.3.9.2. /proc/sys/fs/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id696541" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains an array of options and information concerning various aspects of the file system, including quota, file handle, inode, and dentry information.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">binfmt_misc/</code> directory is used to provide kernel support for miscellaneous binary formats.
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
<code class="filename">file-nr</code> — Lists the number of allocated file handles, used file handles, and the maximum number of file handles.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">overflowgid</code> and <code class="filename">overflowuid</code> — Defines the fixed group ID and user ID, respectively, for use with file systems that only support 16-bit group and user IDs.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel">D.3.9.3. /proc/sys/kernel/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id695538" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695569" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695584" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695602" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695621" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-kernel">E.3.9.3. /proc/sys/kernel/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id696686" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696716" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696731" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696749" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696768" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains a variety of different configuration files that directly affect the operation of the kernel. Some of the most important files include:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">acct</code> — Controls the suspension of process accounting based on the percentage of free space available on the file system containing the log. By default, the file looks like the following:
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
<code class="filename">threads-max</code> — Sets the maximum number of threads to be used by the kernel, with a default value of <code class="computeroutput">2048</code>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">version</code> — Displays the date and time the kernel was last compiled. The first field in this file, such as <code class="computeroutput">#3</code>, relates to the number of times a kernel was built from the source base.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-net">D.3.9.4. /proc/sys/net/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id696655" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696685" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696700" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id696714" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-net"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-net">E.3.9.4. /proc/sys/net/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id797109" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797140" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797154" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains subdirectories concerning various networking topics. Various configurations at the time of kernel compilation make different directories available here, such as <code class="filename">ethernet/</code>, <code class="filename">ipv4/</code>, <code class="filename">ipx/</code>, and <code class="filename">ipv6/</code>. By altering the files within these directories, system administrators are able to adjust the network configuration on a running system.
</div><div class="para">
Given the wide variety of possible networking options available with Linux, only the most common <code class="filename">/proc/sys/net/</code> directories are discussed.
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ Can write RAM: 0
Additional information about these directories and the possible values for their configuration files can be found in:
</div><pre class="screen">
/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-vm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-vm">D.3.9.5. /proc/sys/vm/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id691815" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id691846" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id691860" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-proc-sys-vm"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-proc-sys-vm">E.3.9.5. /proc/sys/vm/ </h4></div></div></div><a id="id797656" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797687" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id797701" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory facilitates the configuration of the Linux kernel's virtual memory (VM) subsystem. The kernel makes extensive and intelligent use of virtual memory, which is commonly referred to as swap space.
</div><div class="para">
The following files are commonly found in the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/vm/</code> directory:
@@ -330,4 +330,4 @@ Can write RAM: 0
All kernel-based documentation can be found in the following locally installed location:
</div><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/Documentation/</code>, which contains additional information.
- </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-scsi.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.8. /proc/scsi/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html
index 911e159..165056f 100644
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@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html" title="E.3.9. /proc/sys/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-tty.html" title="E.3.11. /proc/tty/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-tty.htm
l"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc">E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id798154" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains information about System V IPC resources. The files in this directory relate to System V IPC calls for messages (<code class="filename">msg</code>), semaphores (<code class="filename">sem</code>), and shared memory (<code class="filename">shm</code>).
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.9. /proc/sys/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-tty.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.11. /proc/tty/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dma.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-dma.html
index 901bdd2..f9bb0e8 100644
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-devices.html" title="E.2.5. /proc/devices" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html" title="E.2.7. /proc/execdomains" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-devices.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a acc
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This file contains a list of the registered ISA DMA channels in use. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/dma</code> files looks like the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
4: cascade
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+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-devices.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.5. /proc/devices </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-execdomains.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-execdomains.html
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-execdomains.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dma.html" title="E.2.6. /proc/dma" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-fb.html" title="E.2.8. /proc/fb" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dma.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-fb.ht
ml"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-execdomains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-execdomains">E.2.7. /proc/execdomains </h3></div></div></div><a id="id767910" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id767932" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id780274" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file lists the <em class="firstterm">execution domains</em> currently supported by the Linux kernel, along with the range of personalities they support.
</div><pre class="screen">
0-0 Linux [kernel]
</pre><div class="para">
Think of execution domains as the "personality" for an operating system. Because other binary formats, such as Solaris, UnixWare, and FreeBSD, can be used with Linux, programmers can change the way the operating system treats system calls from these binaries by changing the personality of the task. Except for the <code class="computeroutput">PER_LINUX</code> execution domain, different personalities can be implemented as dynamically loadable modules.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-fb.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-fb.html
index fc27ac5..ca12495 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-fb.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-fb.html
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html" title="E.2.7. /proc/execdomains" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html" title="E.2.9. /proc/filesystems" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="
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This file contains a list of frame buffer devices, with the frame buffer device number and the driver that controls it. Typical output of <code class="filename">/proc/fb</code> for systems which contain frame buffer devices looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
0 VESA VGA
-</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-execdomains.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.7. /proc/execdomains </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-filesystems.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-filesystems.html
index 0f19e82..b768021 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-filesystems.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-filesystems.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-fb.html" title="E.2.8. /proc/fb" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-interrupts.html" title="E.2.10. /proc/interrupts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-fb.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href=
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This file displays a list of the file system types currently supported by the kernel. Sample output from a generic <code class="filename">/proc/filesystems</code> file looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
nodev sysfs
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ nodev autofs
The first column signifies whether the file system is mounted on a block device. Those beginning with <code class="computeroutput">nodev</code> are not mounted on a device. The second column lists the names of the file systems supported.
</div><div class="para">
The <code class="command">mount</code> command cycles through the file systems listed here when one is not specified as an argument.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-interrupts.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-interrupts.html
index f77017f..13b5ee6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-interrupts.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-interrupts.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html" title="E.2.9. /proc/filesystems" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-iomem.html" title="E.2.11. /proc/iomem" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a ac
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This file records the number of interrupts per IRQ on the x86 architecture. A standard <code class="filename">/proc/interrupts</code> looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
CPU0
@@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ ERR: 0
<code class="computeroutput">IO-APIC-edge</code> — The voltage signal on this interrupt transitions from low to high, creating an <span class="emphasis"><em>edge</em></span>, where the interrupt occurs and is only signaled once. This kind of interrupt, as well as the <code class="computeroutput">IO-APIC-level</code> interrupt, are only seen on systems with processors from the 586 family and higher.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">IO-APIC-level</code> — Generates interrupts when its voltage signal is high until the signal is low again.
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+ </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-filesystems.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.9. /proc/filesystems </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-iomem.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.11. /proc/iomem </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-iomem.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-iomem.html
index a73607f..fa71fac 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-iomem.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-iomem.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-interrupts.html" title="E.2.10. /proc/interrupts" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-ioports.html" title="E.2.12. /proc/ioports" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-interrupts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a
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This file shows you the current map of the system's memory for each physical device:
</div><pre class="screen">
00000000-0009fbff : System RAM
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ ea000000-ea00007f : Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21140 [FasterNet]
ea000000-ea00007f : tulip ffff0000-ffffffff : reserved
</pre><div class="para">
The first column displays the memory registers used by each of the different types of memory. The second column lists the kind of memory located within those registers and displays which memory registers are used by the kernel within the system RAM or, if the network interface card has multiple Ethernet ports, the memory registers assigned for each port.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-ioports.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-ioports.html
index 833416b..582700d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-ioports.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-ioports.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-iomem.html" title="E.2.11. /proc/iomem" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-kcore.html" title="E.2.13. /proc/kcore" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-iomem.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href=
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The output of <code class="filename">/proc/ioports</code> provides a list of currently registered port regions used for input or output communication with a device. This file can be quite long. The following is a partial listing:
</div><pre class="screen">
0000-001f : dma1
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ e800-e87f : Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21140 [FasterNet]
e800-e87f : tulip
</pre><div class="para">
The first column gives the I/O port address range reserved for the device listed in the second column.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-kcore.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-kcore.html
index 0fc0fe6..d307372 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-kcore.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-ioports.html" title="E.2.12. /proc/ioports" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-kmsg.html" title="E.2.14. /proc/kmsg" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-ioports.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
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This file represents the physical memory of the system and is stored in the core file format. Unlike most <code class="filename">/proc/</code> files, <code class="filename">kcore</code> displays a size. This value is given in bytes and is equal to the size of the physical memory (RAM) used plus 4 KB.
</div><div class="para">
The contents of this file are designed to be examined by a debugger, such as <code class="command">gdb</code>, and is not human readable.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not attempt to view the content of /proc/kcore</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Do not view the <code class="filename">/proc/kcore</code> virtual file. The contents of the file scramble text output on the terminal. If this file is accidentally viewed, press <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>C</strong></span> to stop the process and then type <code class="command">reset</code> to bring back the command line prompt.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-kmsg.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-kmsg.html
index b518569..764b1c2 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-kmsg.html
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
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This file is used to hold messages generated by the kernel. These messages are then picked up by other programs, such as <code class="command">/sbin/klogd</code> or <code class="command">/bin/dmesg</code>.
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index 07bc17f..062d347 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-loadavg.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-loadavg.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-kmsg.html" title="E.2.14. /proc/kmsg" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-locks.html" title="E.2.16. /proc/locks" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-kmsg.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2
-proc-locks.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-loadavg"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-loadavg">E.2.15. /proc/loadavg </h3></div></div></div><a id="id780820" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file provides a look at the load average in regard to both the CPU and IO over time, as well as additional data used by <code class="command">uptime</code> and other commands. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/loadavg</code> file looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
0.20 0.18 0.12 1/80 11206
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
The first three columns measure CPU and IO utilization of the last one, five, and 15 minute periods. The fourth column shows the number of currently running processes and the total number of processes. The last column displays the last process ID used.
</div><div class="para">
In addition, load average also refers to the number of processes ready to run (i.e. in the run queue, waiting for a CPU share.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-kmsg.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.14. /proc/kmsg </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-locks.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.16. /proc/locks </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-locks.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-locks.html
index 975bdb7..3d8e827 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-locks.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-locks.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-loadavg.html" title="E.2.15. /proc/loadavg" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-mdstat.html" title="E.2.17. /proc/mdstat" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-loadavg.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="
n" href="s2-proc-mdstat.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-locks"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-locks">E.2.16. /proc/locks </h3></div></div></div><a id="id780883" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file displays the files currently locked by the kernel. The contents of this file contain internal kernel debugging data and can vary tremendously, depending on the use of the system. A sample <code class="filename">/proc/locks</code> file for a lightly loaded system looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
1: POSIX ADVISORY WRITE 3568 fd:00:2531452 0 EOF
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
Each lock has its own line which starts with a unique number. The second column refers to the class of lock used, with <code class="computeroutput">FLOCK</code> signifying the older-style UNIX file locks from a <code class="command">flock</code> system call and <code class="computeroutput">POSIX</code> representing the newer POSIX locks from the <code class="command">lockf</code> system call.
</div><div class="para">
The third column can have two values: <code class="computeroutput">ADVISORY</code> or <code class="computeroutput">MANDATORY</code>. <code class="computeroutput">ADVISORY</code> means that the lock does not prevent other people from accessing the data; it only prevents other attempts to lock it. <code class="computeroutput">MANDATORY</code> means that no other access to the data is permitted while the lock is held. The fourth column reveals whether the lock is allowing the holder <code class="computeroutput">READ</code> or <code class="computeroutput">WRITE</code> access to the file. The fifth column shows the ID of the process holding the lock. The sixth column shows the ID of the file being locked, in the format of <code class="computeroutput"><em class="replaceable"><code>MAJOR-DEVICE</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>MINOR-DEVICE</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>INODE-NUMBER</code></em> </code>. The seventh and eighth column shows the start and end o
f the file's locked region.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mdstat.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mdstat.html
index 2ff3cc1..534964f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mdstat.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mdstat.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-locks.html" title="E.2.16. /proc/locks" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-meminfo.html" title="E.2.18. /proc/meminfo" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-locks.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
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This file contains the current information for multiple-disk, RAID configurations. If the system does not contain such a configuration, then <code class="filename">/proc/mdstat</code> looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
Personalities : read_ahead not set unused devices: <none>
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Personalities : read_ahead not set unused devices: <none>
Personalities : [linear] [raid1] read_ahead 1024 sectors
md0: active raid1 sda2[1] sdb2[0] 9940 blocks [2/2] [UU] resync=1% finish=12.3min algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
unused devices: <none>
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+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-locks.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.16. /proc/locks </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-meminfo.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.18. /proc/meminfo </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-meminfo.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-meminfo.html
index 6170d3d..cc979f0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-meminfo.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-meminfo.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-mdstat.html" title="E.2.17. /proc/mdstat" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-misc.html" title="E.2.19. /proc/misc" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-mdstat.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href
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This is one of the more commonly used files in the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory, as it reports a large amount of valuable information about the systems RAM usage.
</div><div class="para">
The following sample <code class="filename">/proc/meminfo</code> virtual file is from a system with 256 MB of RAM and 512 MB of swap space:
@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ Hugepagesize: 4096 kB
<code class="computeroutput">HugePages_Free</code> — The total number of hugepages available for the system. <span class="emphasis"><em>This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.</em></span>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">Hugepagesize</code> — The size for each hugepages unit in kilobytes. By default, the value is 4096 KB on uniprocessor kernels for 32 bit architectures. For SMP, hugemem kernels, and AMD64, the default is 2048 KB. For Itanium architectures, the default is 262144 KB. <span class="emphasis"><em>This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.</em></span>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-misc.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-misc.html
index b61ee3b..5e0d6cb 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-misc.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-misc.html
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-meminfo.html" title="E.2.18. /proc/meminfo" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-modules.html" title="E.2.20. /proc/modules" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-meminfo.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey
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This file lists miscellaneous drivers registered on the miscellaneous major device, which is device number 10:
</div><pre class="screen">
63 device-mapper 175 agpgart 135 rtc 134 apm_bios
</pre><div class="para">
The first column is the minor number of each device, while the second column shows the driver in use.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-modules.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-modules.html
index ec2c71f..48a6571 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-modules.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-modules.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-misc.html" title="E.2.19. /proc/misc" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-mounts.html" title="E.2.21. /proc/mounts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-misc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="
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This file displays a list of all modules loaded into the kernel. Its contents vary based on the configuration and use of your system, but it should be organized in a similar manner to this sample <code class="filename">/proc/modules</code> file output:
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>The content of /proc/modules</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
This example has been reformatted into a readable format. Most of this information can also be viewed via the <code class="command">/sbin/lsmod</code> command.
@@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ dm_mod 46677 3 - Live 0x12833000
The fifth column lists what load state the module is in: <code class="command">Live</code>, <code class="command">Loading</code>, or <code class="command">Unloading</code> are the only possible values.
</div><div class="para">
The sixth column lists the current kernel memory offset for the loaded module. This information can be useful for debugging purposes, or for profiling tools such as <code class="filename">oprofile</code>.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mounts.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mounts.html
index 3aa6f0f..ccced3f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mounts.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mounts.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-modules.html" title="E.2.20. /proc/modules" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-mtrr.html" title="E.2.22. /proc/mtrr" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-modules.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" h
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This file provides a list of all mounts in use by the system:
</div><pre class="screen">
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw 0 0
The output found here is similar to the contents of <code class="filename">/etc/mtab</code>, except that <code class="filename">/proc/mounts</code> is more up-to-date.
</div><div class="para">
The first column specifies the device that is mounted, the second column reveals the mount point, and the third column tells the file system type, and the fourth column tells you if it is mounted read-only (<code class="computeroutput">ro</code>) or read-write (<code class="computeroutput">rw</code>). The fifth and sixth columns are dummy values designed to match the format used in <code class="filename">/etc/mtab</code>.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mtrr.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mtrr.html
index a8c5e84..6b262e4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mtrr.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-mtrr.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-mounts.html" title="E.2.21. /proc/mounts" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-partitions.html" title="E.2.23. /proc/partitions" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-mounts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a access
key="n" href="s2-proc-partitions.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-mtrr"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-mtrr">E.2.22. /proc/mtrr </h3></div></div></div><a id="id764521" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file refers to the current Memory Type Range Registers (MTRRs) in use with the system. If the system architecture supports MTRRs, then the <code class="filename">/proc/mtrr</code> file may look similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 256MB: write-back, count=1
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ reg01: base=0xe8000000 (3712MB), size= 32MB: write-combining, count=1
MTRRs are used with the Intel P6 family of processors (Pentium II and higher) and control processor access to memory ranges. When using a video card on a PCI or AGP bus, a properly configured <code class="filename">/proc/mtrr</code> file can increase performance more than 150%.
</div><div class="para">
Most of the time, this value is properly configured by default. More information on manually configuring this file can be found locally at the following location:
- </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/<em class="replaceable"><code><arch></code></em>/mtrr.txt</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-mounts.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.2.21. /proc/mounts </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-partitions.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2.23. /proc/partitions </a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div><pre class="screen">/usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-<em class="replaceable"><code><kernel_version></code></em>/Documentation/<em class="replaceable"><code><arch></code></em>/mtrr.txt</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-mounts.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.21. /proc/mounts </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-partitions.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.23. /proc/partitions </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-partitions.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-partitions.html
index 22f3dff..8506abc 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-partitions.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-partitions.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-mtrr.html" title="E.2.22. /proc/mtrr" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html" title="E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-mtrr.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hr
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This file contains partition block allocation information. A sampling of this file from a basic system looks similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
major minor #blocks name
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ major minor #blocks name
<code class="computeroutput">#blocks</code> — Lists the number of physical disk blocks contained in a particular partition.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">name</code> — The name of the partition.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-mtrr.html"><strong>Prev</strong>D.2.22. /proc/mtrr </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html"><strong>Next</strong>D.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </a></li></ul></body></html>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pci.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pci.html
index 5b2a3fd..1c0be4f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pci.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pci.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html" title="E.3.2. /proc/bus/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-dir-driver.html" title="E.3.4. /proc/driver/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-bus.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-pro
c-dir-driver.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-pci"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-pci">E.3.3. /proc/bus/pci </h3></div></div></div><a id="id695387" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id695417" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Later versions of the 2.6 Linux kernel have obsoleted the <code class="filename">/proc/pci</code> directory in favor of the <code class="filename">/proc/bus/pci</code> directory. Although you can get a list of all PCI devices present on the system using the command <code class="command">cat /proc/bus/pci/devices</code>, the output is difficult to read and interpret.
</div><div class="para">
For a human-readable list of PCI devices, run the following command:
@@ -42,4 +42,4 @@
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em>
</pre><div class="para">
The output is a sorted list of all IRQ numbers and addresses as seen by the cards on the PCI bus instead of as seen by the kernel. Beyond providing the name and version of the device, this list also gives detailed IRQ information so an administrator can quickly look for conflicts.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pid.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pid.html
index 690ec63..85ec4e9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pid.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-pid.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-tty.html" title="E.3.11. /proc/tty/" /><link rel="next" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html" title="E.4. Using the sysctl Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-tty.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-proc-s
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Out of Memory (OOM) refers to a computing state where all available memory, including swap space, has been allocated. When this situation occurs, it will cause the system to panic and stop functioning as expected. There is a switch that controls OOM behavior in <code class="filename">/proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom</code>. When set to <code class="filename">1</code> the kernel will panic on OOM. A setting of <code class="filename">0</code> instructs the kernel to call a function named <code class="filename">oom_killer</code> on an OOM. Usually, <code class="filename">oom_killer</code> can kill rogue processes and the system will survive.
</div><div class="para">
The easiest way to change this is to echo the new value to <code class="filename">/proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom</code>.
@@ -55,4 +55,4 @@
The final score is then bitshifted by the value saved in the <code class="filename">oom_adj</code> file.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
Thus, a process with the highest <code class="filename">oom_score</code> value will most probably be a non-priviliged, recently started process that, along with its children, uses a large amount of memory, has been 'niced', and handles no raw I/O.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-tty.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.11. /proc/tty/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-proc-sysctl.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.4. Using the sysctl Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-slabinfo.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-slabinfo.html
index 6c7b788..3a34d54 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-slabinfo.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-slabinfo.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-partitions.html" title="E.2.23. /proc/partitions" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-stat.html" title="E.2.25. /proc/stat" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-partitions.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a access
key="n" href="s2-proc-stat.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-slabinfo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-slabinfo">E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </h3></div></div></div><a id="id764713" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id764736" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This file gives full information about memory usage on the <em class="firstterm">slab</em> level. Linux kernels greater than version 2.2 use <em class="firstterm">slab pools</em> to manage memory above the page level. Commonly used objects have their own slab pools.
</div><div class="para">
Instead of parsing the highly verbose <code class="filename">/proc/slabinfo</code> file manually, the <code class="filename">/usr/bin/slabtop</code> program displays kernel slab cache information in real time. This program allows for custom configurations, including column sorting and screen refreshing.
@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME
<code class="computeroutput">NAME</code> — The name of the slab.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For more information on the <code class="filename">/usr/bin/slabtop</code> program, refer to the <code class="filename">slabtop</code> man page.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-stat.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-stat.html
index 2a27880..c7dfa2d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-stat.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-stat.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html" title="E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-swaps.html" title="E.2.26. /proc/swaps" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey=
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This file keeps track of a variety of different statistics about the system since it was last restarted. The contents of <code class="filename">/proc/stat</code>, which can be quite long, usually begins like the following example:
</div><pre class="screen">
cpu 259246 7001 60190 34250993 137517 772 0
@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ procs_blocked 0
<code class="computeroutput">intr</code> — The number of interrupts the system has experienced.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="computeroutput">btime</code> — The boot time, measured in the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, otherwise known as the <em class="firstterm">epoch</em>.
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+ </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-slabinfo.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.24. /proc/slabinfo </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-swaps.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.26. /proc/swaps </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-swaps.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-swaps.html
index 4b985be..d2c32e8 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-swaps.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-swaps.html
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-stat.html" title="E.2.25. /proc/stat" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html" title="E.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-stat.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a access
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This file measures swap space and its utilization. For a system with only one swap partition, the output of <code class="filename">/proc/swaps</code> may look similar to the following:
</div><pre class="screen">
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01 partition 524280 0 -1
</pre><div class="para">
While some of this information can be found in other files in the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory, <code class="filename">/proc/swap</code> provides a snapshot of every swap file name, the type of swap space, the total size, and the amount of space in use (in kilobytes). The priority column is useful when multiple swap files are in use. The lower the priority, the more likely the swap file is to be used.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html
index 4f82e69..03bbdd9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
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- Using the <code class="command">echo</code> command to write to this file, a remote root user can execute most System Request Key commands remotely as if at the local terminal. To <code class="command">echo</code> values to this file, the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq</code> must be set to a value other than <code class="computeroutput">0</code>. For more information about the System Request Key, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel">Section D.3.9.3, “ /proc/sys/kernel/ ”</a>.
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-swaps.html" title="E.2.26. /proc/swaps" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-uptime.html" title="E.2.28. /proc/uptime" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-swaps.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hre
f="s2-proc-uptime.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger">E.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger </h3></div></div></div><a id="id765168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Using the <code class="command">echo</code> command to write to this file, a remote root user can execute most System Request Key commands remotely as if at the local terminal. To <code class="command">echo</code> values to this file, the <code class="filename">/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq</code> must be set to a value other than <code class="computeroutput">0</code>. For more information about the System Request Key, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-proc-dir-sys.html#s3-proc-sys-kernel">Section E.3.9.3, “ /proc/sys/kernel/ ”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
Although it is possible to write to this file, it cannot be read, even by the root user.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-swaps.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.2.26. /proc/swaps </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-uptime.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.2.28. /proc/uptime </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-tty.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-tty.html
index 74c928c..e63d688 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-tty.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-tty.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="D.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html" title="D.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-pid.html" title="D.3.12. /proc/PID/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html" title="E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-pid.html" title="E.3.12. /proc/PID/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2
-proc-pid.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-proc-tty"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-proc-tty">E.3.11. /proc/tty/ </h3></div></div></div><a id="id798205" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
This directory contains information about the available and currently used <em class="firstterm">tty devices</em> on the system. Originally called <em class="firstterm">teletype devices</em>, any character-based data terminals are called tty devices.
</div><div class="para">
In Linux, there are three different kinds of tty devices. <em class="firstterm">Serial devices</em> are used with serial connections, such as over a modem or using a serial cable. <em class="firstterm">Virtual terminals</em> create the common console connection, such as the virtual consoles available when pressing <span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong><F-key></strong></span> at the system console. <em class="firstterm">Pseudo terminals</em> create a two-way communication that is used by some higher level applications, such as XFree86. The <code class="filename">drivers</code> file is a list of the current tty devices in use, as in the following example:
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ unknown /dev/vc/%d 4 1-63 console
The <code class="filename">/proc/tty/driver/serial</code> file lists the usage statistics and status of each of the serial tty lines.
</div><div class="para">
In order for tty devices to be used as network devices, the Linux kernel enforces <em class="firstterm">line discipline</em> on the device. This allows the driver to place a specific type of header with every block of data transmitted over the device, making it possible for the remote end of the connection to a block of data as just one in a stream of data blocks. SLIP and PPP are common line disciplines, and each are commonly used to connect systems to one other over a serial link.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-dir-sysvipc.html"><strong>Prev</strong>E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/ </a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-proc-pid.html"><strong>Next</strong>E.3.12. /proc/PID/ </a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-uptime.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-uptime.html
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html" title="E.2.27. /proc/sysrq-trigger" /><link rel="next" href="s2-proc-version.html" title="E.2.29. /proc/version" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-sysrq-trigger.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="
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This file contains information detailing how long the system has been on since its last restart. The output of <code class="filename">/proc/uptime</code> is quite minimal:
</div><pre class="screen">
350735.47 234388.90
</pre><div class="para">
The first number is the total number of seconds the system has been up. The second number is how much of that time the machine has spent idle, in seconds.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-version.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-version.html
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-proc-topfiles.html" title="E.2. Top-level Files within the proc File System" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-proc-uptime.html" title="E.2.28. /proc/uptime" /><link rel="next" href="s1-proc-directories.html" title="E.3. Directories within /proc/" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-proc-uptime.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a
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This file specifies the version of the Linux kernel, the version of <code class="command">gcc</code> used to compile the kernel, and the time of kernel compilation. It also contains the kernel compiler's user name (in parentheses).
</div><pre class="screen">
Linux version 2.6.8-1.523 (user at foo.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.4.1 20040714 \ (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.4.1-7)) #1 Mon Aug 16 13:27:03 EDT 2004
</pre><div class="para">
This information is used for a variety of purposes, including the version data presented when a user logs in.
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html" title="3.3.2. Adding a New User" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html" title="3.3.4. Modifying User Properties" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html"><strong
>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id566233" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html" title="3.3.2. Adding a New User" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html" title="3.3.4. Modifying User Properties" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html"><strong
>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new">3.3.3. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656078" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user group, select <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add Group</strong></span> from the toolbar. A window similar to <a class="xref" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html#group-new-fig">Figure 3.7, “New Group”</a> appears. Type the name of the new group. To specify a group ID for the new group, select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Specify group ID manually</strong></span> and select the GID. Note that Fedora also reserves group IDs lower than 1000 for system groups.
</div><div class="figure" id="group-new-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-add-group.png" alt="New Group" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Creating a new group
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html
index 6e12ca5..9944909 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html
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@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html" title="3.3.4. Modifying User Properties" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html"><strong>Prev
</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id566532" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html" title="3.3.4. Modifying User Properties" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html"><strong>Prev
</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties">3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656372" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view the properties of an existing group, select the group from the group list and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the menu (or choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the pulldown menu). A window similar to <a class="xref" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html#group-properties-fig">Figure 3.9, “Group Properties”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="group-properties-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-edit-group.png" alt="Group Properties" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Modifying group properties
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.9. Group Properties</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id566601" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.9. Group Properties</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><a id="id656442" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Group Users</strong></span> tab displays which users are members of the group. Use this tab to add or remove users from the group. Click <span class="guibutton"><strong>OK</strong></span> to save your changes.
</div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html"><strong>Prev</strong>3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Next</strong>3.4. Using Command Line Tools</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html
index d0c0103..faaf69b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html" title="3.3.3. Adding a New Group" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id548278" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html" title="3.3.3. Adding a New Group" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new">3.3.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id580476" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new user, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add User</strong></span> button. A window as shown in <a class="xref" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-new.html#user-new-fig">Figure 3.6, “Adding a new user”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="user-new-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-add-user.png" alt="Adding a new user" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Adding a new user
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html
index 8b8c847..fad1485 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html" title="3.3.3. Adding a New Group" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html" title="3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html"><s
trong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id566310" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566322" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html" title="3.3.3. Adding a New Group" /><link rel="next" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html" title="3.3.5. Modifying Group Properties" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-new.html"><s
trong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-redhat-config-users-group-properties.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties">3.3.4. Modifying User Properties</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656156" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id656168" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view the properties of an existing user, click on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Users</strong></span> tab, select the user from the user list, and click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the menu (or choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>File</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Properties</strong></span> from the pulldown menu). A window similar to <a class="xref" href="s2-redhat-config-users-user-properties.html#user-properties-fig">Figure 3.8, “User Properties”</a> appears.
</div><div class="figure" id="user-properties-fig"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-manager-edit-user.png" alt="User Properties" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Modifying user properties
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.8. User Properties</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>User Properties</strong></span> window is divided into multiple tabbed pages:
- </div><a id="id566402" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566414" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566426" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id566438" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id656244" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id656256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id656268" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id656280" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>User Data</strong></span> — Shows the basic user information configured when you added the user. Use this tab to change the user's full name, password, home directory, or login shell.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<span class="guilabel"><strong>Account Info</strong></span> — Select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Enable account expiration</strong></span> if you want the account to expire on a certain date. Enter the date in the provided fields. Select <span class="guilabel"><strong>Local password is locked</strong></span> to lock the user account and prevent the user from logging into the system.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html
index c618fa5..74f84d3 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-freshening.html
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.2.5. Freshening</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="A.2.4. Uninstalling" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="A.2.6. Querying" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="B.2.4. Uninstalling" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="B.2.6. Querying" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong
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Freshening is similar to upgrading, except that only existent packages are upgraded. Type the following command at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Fvh foo-2.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
<code class="command">rpm -Fvh *.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
RPM then automatically upgrades only those packages that are already installed.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2.4. Uninstalling</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.6. Querying</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-querying.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-querying.html
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@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html" title="B.2.5. Freshening" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html" title="B.2.7. Verifying" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Ne
xt</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-querying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-querying">B.2.6. Querying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id771084" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771096" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The RPM database stores information about all RPM packages installed in your system. It is stored in the directory <code class="filename">/var/lib/rpm/</code>, and is used to query what packages are installed, what versions each package is, and to calculate any changes to any files in the package since installation, among other use cases.
</div><div class="para">
To query this database, use the <code class="command">-q</code> option. The <code class="command">rpm -q <em class="replaceable"><code>package name</code></em> </code> command displays the package name, version, and release number of the installed package <em class="replaceable"><code><package_name></code></em>. For example, using <code class="command">rpm -q tree</code> to query installed package <code class="filename">tree</code> might generate the following output:
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@
<code class="command">-c</code> displays a list of files marked as configuration files. These are the files you edit after installation to adapt and customize the package to your system (for example, <code class="filename">sendmail.cf</code>, <code class="filename">passwd</code>, <code class="filename">inittab</code>, etc.).
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
For options that display lists of files, add <code class="command">-v</code> to the command to display the lists in a familiar <code class="command">ls -l</code> format.
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+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2.5. Freshening</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-verifying.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.7. Verifying</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-related-books.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-related-books.html
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-related-books.html
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.5.3. Related Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="B.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html" title="B.5.2. Useful Websites" /><link rel="next" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html" title="Appendix C. The X Window System" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class=
"next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-related-books"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-related-books">B.5.3. Related Books</h3></div></div></div><a id="id574300" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <em class="citetitle">Maximum RPM</em> — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/">http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <em class="citetitle">Maximum RPM</em> book, which you can read online, covers everything from general RPM usage to building your own RPMs to programming with rpmlib.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.5.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix B. The X Window System</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-useful-websites.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.5.2. Useful Websites</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix C. The X Window System</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-uninstalling.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-uninstalling.html
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@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html" title="B.2.3. Configuration File Changes" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html" title="B.2.5. Freshening" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey
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Uninstalling a package is just as simple as installing one. Type the following command at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">rpm -e foo</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>rpm -e and package name errors</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Notice that we used the package <span class="emphasis"><em>name</em></span> <code class="filename">foo</code>, not the name of the original package <span class="emphasis"><em>file</em></span>, <code class="filename">foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64</code>. If you attempt to uninstall a package using the <code class="command">rpm -e</code> command and the original full file name, you will receive a package name error.
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ error: Failed dependencies:
libgs.so.8()(64bit) is needed by (installed) foomatic-4.0.3-1.fc16.x86_64
libijs-0.35.so()(64bit) is needed by (installed) gutenprint-5.2.4-5.fc16.x86_64
ghostscript is needed by (installed) printer-filters-1.1-4.fc16.noarch</pre><div class="para">
- Similar to how we searched for a shared object library (i.e. a <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code><library_name></code></em>.so.<em class="replaceable"><code><number></code></em> </code> file) in <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Section A.2.2.3, “Unresolved Dependency”</a>, we can search for a 64-bit shared object library using this exact syntax (and making sure to quote the file name):
+ Similar to how we searched for a shared object library (i.e. a <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code><library_name></code></em>.so.<em class="replaceable"><code><number></code></em> </code> file) in <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html#s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">Section B.2.2.3, “Unresolved Dependency”</a>, we can search for a 64-bit shared object library using this exact syntax (and making sure to quote the file name):
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">rpm -q --whatprovides "libgs.so.8()(64bit)"</code>
ghostscript-8.70-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-uninstall-Warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning: Forcing Package Installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although we can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to remove a package that gives us a <code class="computeroutput">Failed dependencies</code> error (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended, and may cause harm to other installed applications. Installing or removing packages with <code class="command">rpm --nodeps</code> can cause applications to misbehave and/or crash, and can cause serious package management problems or, possibly, system failure. For these reasons, it is best to heed such warnings; the package manager—whether <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>—shows us these warnings and suggests possible fixes because accounting for dependencies is critical. The <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong><
/span> package manager can perform dependency resolution and fetch dependencies from online repositories, making it safer, easier and smarter than forcing <code class="command">rpm</code> to carry out actions without regard to resolving dependencies.
- </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.2.5. Freshening</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-freshening.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.5. Freshening</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-useful-websites.html
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@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="B.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html" title="B.5. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-related-books.html" title="B.5.3. Related Books" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="
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The RPM website — <a href="http://www.rpm.org/">http://www.rpm.org/</a>
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
The RPM mailing list can be subscribed to, and its archives read from, here — <a href="http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list/">https://lists.rpm.org/mailman/listinfo/rpm-list</a>
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html
index 8373802..d4aa55e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-rpm-verifying.html
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.2.7. Verifying</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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l"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-verifying">A.2.7. Verifying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id511814" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id511826" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-rpm-querying.html" title="B.2.6. Querying" /><link rel="next" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html" title="B.3. Checking a Package's Signature" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-rpm-querying.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.htm
l"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-rpm-verifying"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-rpm-verifying">B.2.7. Verifying</h3></div></div></div><a id="id720699" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id720711" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Verifying a package compares information about files installed from a package with the same information from the original package. Among other things, verifying compares the file size, MD5 sum, permissions, type, owner, and group of each file.
</div><div class="para">
The command <code class="command">rpm -V</code> verifies a package. You can use any of the <span class="emphasis"><em>Verify Options</em></span> listed for querying to specify the packages you wish to verify. A simple use of verifying is <code class="command">rpm -V tree</code>, which verifies that all the files in the <code class="command">tree</code> package are as they were when they were originally installed. For example:
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@
<code class="computeroutput">?</code> — unreadable file (file permission errors, for example)
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
If you see any output, use your best judgment to determine if you should remove the package, reinstall it, or fix the problem in another way.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip.html
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t"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id618570" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="9.4. More Than a Secure Shell" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="9.4. More Than a Secure Shell" /><link rel="next" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html" title="9.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="nex
t"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-openssh-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-beyondshell-tcpip">9.4.2. Port Forwarding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id626793" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSH can secure otherwise insecure <code class="systemitem">TCP/IP</code> protocols via port forwarding. When using this technique, the SSH server becomes an encrypted conduit to the SSH client.
</div><div class="para">
Port forwarding works by mapping a local port on the client to a remote port on the server. SSH can map any port from the server to any port on the client. Port numbers do not need to match for this technique to work.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-scp.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-scp.html
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ts-sftp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id567256" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id567272" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610767" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="9.3. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="9.3. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html" title="9.3.3. Using the sftp Utility" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-clients.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-clien
ts-sftp.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-scp">9.3.2. Using the <code class="command">scp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id681524" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id692546" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id692566" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">scp</code> can be used to transfer files between machines over a secure, encrypted connection. In its design, it is very similar to <code class="command">rcp</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To transfer a local file to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-clients-sftp.html
index e3689d6..f37ad48 100644
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f="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id614223" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id608835" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="9.3. OpenSSH Clients" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html" title="9.3.2. Using the scp Utility" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html" title="9.4. More Than a Secure Shell" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-clients-scp.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" hre
f="s1-ssh-beyondshell.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-clients-sftp">9.3.3. Using the <code class="command">sftp</code> Utility</h3></div></div></div><a id="id638204" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id704363" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">sftp</code> utility can be used to open a secure, interactive FTP session. In its design, it is similar to <code class="command">ftp</code> except that it uses a secure, encrypted connection.
</div><div class="para">
To connect to a remote system, use a command in the following form:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html
index 0324409..cd31b0a 100644
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="9.3. OpenSSH Clients" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-clients.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id624284" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /><link rel="next" href="s1-ssh-clients.html" title="9.3. OpenSSH Clients" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-ssh-clients.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs">9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id657821" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To improve the system security even further, you can enforce the key-based authentication by disabling the standard password authentication. To do so, open the <code class="filename">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> configuration file in a text editor, and change the <code class="option">PasswordAuthentication</code> option as follows:
</div><pre class="programlisting">PasswordAuthentication no</pre><div class="para">
To be able to use <code class="command">ssh</code>, <code class="command">scp</code>, or <code class="command">sftp</code> to connect to the server from a client machine, generate an authorization key pair by following the steps below. Note that keys must be generated for each user separately.
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
If you complete the steps as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, only <code class="systemitem">root</code> will be able to use the keys.
</div></div></div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Backup your ~/.ssh/ directory</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
If you reinstall your system and want to keep previously generated key pair, backup the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/</code> directory. After reinstalling, copy it back to your home directory. This process can be done for all users on your system, including <code class="systemitem">root</code>.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">9.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id590196" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590208" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-generating">9.2.4.1. Generating Key Pairs</h4></div></div></div><a id="id646519" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id646531" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an RSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="id590228" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id699751" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t rsa</code>
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ The key's randomart image is:
Copy the content of <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub</code> into the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> on the machine to which you want to connect, appending it to its end if the file already exists.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Change the permissions of the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file using the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id482603" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id580854" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id686718" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id686730" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate a DSA key pair for version 2 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="id580873" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id686750" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate a DSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t dsa</code>
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ The key's randomart image is:
Copy the content of <code class="filename">~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub</code> into the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> on the machine to which you want to connect, appending it to its end if the file already exists.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Change the permissions of the <code class="filename">~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file using the following command:
- </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id595401" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595413" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">chmod 644 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</code></pre></li></ol></div><a id="id732795" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id595931" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To generate an RSA key pair for version 1 of the SSH protocol, follow these steps:
- </div><a id="id661284" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id595950" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Generate an RSA key pair by typing the following at a shell prompt:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-keygen -t rsa1</code>
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ The key's randomart image is:
Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html#s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">Section 9.2.4.2, “Configuring ssh-agent”</a> for information on how to set up your system to remember the passphrase.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Never share your private key</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
The private key is for your personal use only, and it is important that you never give it to anyone.
- </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">9.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="id565192" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606822" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606834" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id606850" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-ssh-configuration-keypairs-agent">9.2.4.2. Configuring ssh-agent</h4></div></div></div><a id="id690396" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id690412" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id690424" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id702776" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To store your passphrase so that you do not have to enter it each time you initiate a connection with a remote machine, you can use the <code class="command">ssh-agent</code> authentication agent. To save your passphrase for a certain shell prompt, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ssh-add</code>
Enter passphrase for /home/john/.ssh/id_rsa:</pre><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html
index fc20ea0..1efe522 100644
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html" title="9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html"><strong>Prev
</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="id489432" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489444" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html" title="9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html" title="9.2.4. Using a Key-Based Authentication" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html"><strong>Prev
</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-keypairs.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring">9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections</h3></div></div></div><a id="id596353" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596365" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For SSH to be truly effective, using insecure connection protocols should be prohibited. Otherwise, a user's password may be protected using SSH for one session, only to be captured later while logging in using Telnet. Some services to disable include <code class="command">telnet</code>, <code class="command">rsh</code>, <code class="command">rlogin</code>, and <code class="command">vsftpd</code>.
</div><div class="para">
To make sure these services are not running, type the following commands at a shell prompt:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html
index a9e4993..44c7627 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-ssh-configuration-sshd.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
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</a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id579934" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html" title="9.2. An OpenSSH Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html" title="9.2.3. Requiring SSH for Remote Connections" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-ssh-configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong>
</a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ssh-configuration-requiring.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-ssh-configuration-sshd">9.2.2. Starting an OpenSSH Server</h3></div></div></div><a id="id607230" class="indexterm"></a><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure you have relevant packages installed</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
To run an OpenSSH server, you must have the <span class="package">openssh-server</span> and <span class="package">openssh</span> packages installed. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Installing.html">Section 4.2.4, “Installing Packages”</a> for more information on how to install new packages in Fedora.
- </div></div></div><a id="id610175" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id607265" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To start the <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon, type the following at a shell prompt:
- </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="id509048" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl start sshd.service</code></pre><a id="id701078" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To stop the running <code class="command">sshd</code> daemon, use the following command:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl stop sshd.service</code></pre><div class="para">
If you want the daemon to start automatically at the boot time, type:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html" title="16.3.3. Using the partx Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"
><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid">16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id578599" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The <code class="command">blkid</code> command displays information about available block devices, such as their file system type or <em class="firstterm">universally unique identifier</em> (<acronym class="acronym">UUID</acronym>). For example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">blkid</code>
+/dev/sda1: UUID="5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
+/dev/sda2: UUID="m9PwZw-Kwlz-VIRu-6TDh-zKjV-V3Ud-42IFuh" TYPE="LVM2_member"
+/dev/sda4: UUID="TgN1Z5-5Qcx-cChP-A7Jx-v9DO-ZuTU-wAR0Uj" TYPE="LVM2_member"
+/dev/mapper/vg_rhel-lv_home: UUID="abe1a729-2a72-4533-a9e8-77379d8d44c5" TYPE="ext4"
+/dev/mapper/vg_rhel-lv_root: UUID="e2f60b08-f606-41ec-99cb-20550dde6aca" TYPE="ext4"
+/dev/sda3: UUID="147bc2f6-edca-40b7-be05-092cda2e3993" TYPE="swap"
+/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16: LABEL="_Fedora-16-x86_6" UUID="1d8b542a-e45c-4296-92c4-edaa8ef7dd7c" TYPE="ext4"</pre><div class="para">
+ To display information about a particular device only, specify the device name on the command line:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">blkid /dev/sda1</code>
+/dev/sda1: UUID="5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"</pre><div class="para">
+ You can also use the above command with the <code class="option">-p</code> and <code class="option">-o udev</code> command line options to obtain more detailed information. Note that <code class="systemitem">root</code> privileges are required to run this command:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">blkid -po udev /dev/sda1</code>
+ID_FS_UUID=5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff
+ID_FS_UUID_ENC=5d170c31-0f14-4c7e-b72a-501b8f795bff
+ID_FS_SEC_TYPE=ext2
+ID_FS_VERSION=1.0
+ID_FS_TYPE=ext3
+ID_FS_USAGE=filesystem
+ID_PART_ENTRY_SCHEME=dos
+ID_PART_ENTRY_TYPE=0x83
+ID_PART_ENTRY_FLAGS=0x80
+ID_PART_ENTRY_NUMBER=1
+ID_PART_ENTRY_OFFSET=2048
+ID_PART_ENTRY_SIZE=4194304
+ID_PART_ENTRY_DISK=8:0</pre><div class="para">
+ For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>blkid</strong></span>(8) manual page.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html
index 0392069..562f5d1 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html" title="16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="16.3.6. Using the du Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df">16.3.5. Using the df Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id633266" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">df</code> command reports the system's disk space usage, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">df</code>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ tmpfs 1.5G 47M 1.5G 4% /run
/dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16 20G 3.5G 17G 18% /
tmpfs 1.5G 47M 1.5G 4% /run
tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
-tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /media</pre><a id="id531853" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id679467" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id679476" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id469682" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id648348" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id586166" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /media</pre><a id="id748664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id645607" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id645617" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id642500" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id644543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id571946" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Note that the <code class="filename">/dev/shm</code> entry represents the system's virtual memory file system, <code class="filename">/sys/fs/cgroup</code> is a cgroup file system, and <code class="filename">/run</code> contains information about the running system.
</div><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>df</strong></span>(1) manual page.
- </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html" title="16.3.5. Using the df Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html" title="16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.
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The <code class="command">du</code> command displays the amount of space being used by files in a directory. When run with no additional command line options, the <code class="command">du</code> command displays the disk usage for each of the subdirectories in the current working directory. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">du</code>
8 ./.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles/Default
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">du -sh</code>
68M .</pre><div class="para">
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>du</strong></span>(1) manual page.
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new file mode 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ The <code class="command">findmnt</code> command displays a list of currently mounted file systems, for example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">findmnt</code>
+TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
+/ /dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16
+ ext4 rw,relat
+|-/proc proc proc rw,nosui
+| `-/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc systemd-1 autofs rw,relat
+|-/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosui
+| |-/sys/fs/selinux selinuxfs selinuxf rw,relat
+| |-/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/memory cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/devices cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/freezer cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | |-/sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| | `-/sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event cgroup cgroup rw,nosui
+| |-/sys/kernel/debug debugfs debugfs rw,relat
+| |-/sys/kernel/security securityfs security rw,relat
+| `-/sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl fusectl rw,relat
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
+ By default, <code class="command">lsblk</code> lists file systems in a tree-like format. To display the information as an ordinary list, add the <code class="option">-l</code> command line option:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">findmnt -l</code>
+TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
+/proc proc proc rw,nosuid,n
+/sys sysfs sysfs rw,nosuid,n
+/dev devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,nosuid,r
+/dev/pts devpts devpts rw,nosuid,n
+/dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,n
+/ /dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16 ext4 rw,relatime
+/run tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,n
+/sys/fs/selinux selinuxfs selinuxf rw,relatime
+/sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs rw,nosuid,n
+/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup cgroup rw,nosuid,n
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
+ You can also choose to display only the file systems of a particular type. To do so, add the <code class="option">-t</code> command line option followed by a file system type, for example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">findmnt -t ext4</code>
+TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS
+/ /dev/mapper/vg_test-lv_fedora_16 ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel,user_xattr,b</pre><div class="para">
+ For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>findmnt</strong></span>(8) manual page.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.3. Using the partx Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-df.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.5. Using the df Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-partx.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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+ The <code class="command">partx</code> command displays a list of disk partitions. To list the partition table of a particular disk, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, run this command with the <code class="option">-s</code> option followed by the device name. For example:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">partx -s /dev/sda</code>
+NR START END SECTORS SIZE NAME UUID
+ 1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G
+ 2 4196352 138414079 134217728 64G
+ 3 138414080 146802687 8388608 4G
+ 4 146802688 976773119 829970432 395.8G</pre><div class="para">
+ For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>partx</strong></span>(8) manual page.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-blkid.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.2. Using the blkid Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-findmnt.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3.4. Using the findmnt Command</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor.html
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="16.3.3. Using the du Command" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="16.4. Viewing Hardware Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html" title="16.3.6. Using the du Command" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="16.4. Viewing Hardware Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Prev</s
trong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-system_monitor">16.3.7. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id611335" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id724559" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To view the system's partitions and disk space usage in a graphical user interface, use the <span class="guilabel"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application. To start it, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or execute the <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> command at a shell prompt. Then click on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>File Systems</strong></span> tab to view the system's partitions.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-sysinfo-filesystems"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-monitor-file-systems.png" alt="System Monitor - File Systems" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
File systems tab of the gnome-system-monitor
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.3. System Monitor - File Systems</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.3. Using the du Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.3. System Monitor - File Systems</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-filesystems-du.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.3.6. Using the du Command</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.4. Viewing Hardware Information</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html
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cia.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id511108" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="16.4. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html" title="16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command" /><link rel="next" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html" title="16.5. Monitoring Performance with Net-SNMP" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcm
cia.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-System_Monitoring_Tools-Net-SNMP.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu">16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id589297" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lscpu</code> command lists information about CPUs that are present in the system, including the number of CPUs, their architecture, vendor, family, model, CPU caches, etc. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lscpu</code>
Architecture: x86_64
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html
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/a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id593554" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="16.4. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html" title="16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html" title="16.4.4. Using the lscpu Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html"><strong>Prev</strong><
/a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lscpu.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia">16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id719435" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lspcmcia</code> command lists all PCMCIA devices that are present in the system, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lspcmcia</code>
Socket 0 Bridge: [yenta_cardbus] (bus ID: 0000:15:00.0)</pre><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb.html
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</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id706952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="16.4. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html" title="16.4. Viewing Hardware Information" /><link rel="next" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html" title="16.4.3. Using the lspcmcia Command" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-hardware.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a>
</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lspcmcia.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-hardware-lsusb">16.4.2. Using the lsusb Command</h3></div></div></div><a id="id725347" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">lsusb</code> command lists all USB devices that are present in the system, for example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">lsusb</code>
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor.html
index 37b6190..a674476 100644
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xt"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id658762" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658772" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="16.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html" title="16.2. Viewing Memory Usage" /><link rel="next" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html" title="16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a>
</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-sysinfo-memory-usage-system_monitor">16.2.2. Using the System Monitor Tool</h3></div></div></div><a id="id708790" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id722000" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you prefer a graphical interface, you can use the <span class="application"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> application. To start it, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Monitor</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or execute <code class="command">gnome-system-monitor</code> at a shell prompt. Then click on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Resources</strong></span> tab to view the system's memory usage.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-sysinfo-memory"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/system-monitor-resources.png" alt="System Monitor - Resources" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Resources tab of the gnome-system-monitor
- </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.2. System Monitor - Resources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3. Viewing File Systems</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 16.2. System Monitor - Resources</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-sysinfo-memory-usage.html"><strong>Prev</strong>16.2. Viewing Memory Usage</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-sysinfo-filesystems.html"><strong>Next</strong>16.3. Viewing Block Devices and File Systems</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-add.html
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esskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id578516" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578529" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html" title="3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-users-tools.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a acc
esskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-add">3.4.2. Adding a New Group</h3></div></div></div><a id="id649150" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649164" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To add a new group to the system, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">groupadd</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>group_name</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html#table-groupadd-options">Table 3.3, “groupadd command line options”</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-groups-directories.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html" title="3.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Prev</strong>
</a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id518751" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id518763" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html" title="3.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Prev</strong>
</a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-groups-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-groups-directories">3.4.5. Creating Group Directories</h3></div></div></div><a id="id659119" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id659131" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
System administrators usually like to create a group for each major project and assign people to the group when they need to access that project's files. With this traditional scheme, file managing is difficult; when someone creates a file, it is associated with the primary group to which they belong. When a single person works on multiple projects, it becomes difficult to associate the right files with the right group. However, with the UPG scheme, groups are automatically assigned to files created within a directory with the <em class="firstterm">setgid</em> bit set. The setgid bit makes managing group projects that share a common directory very simple because any files a user creates within the directory are owned by the group which owns the directory.
</div><div class="para">
For example, a group of people need to work on files in the <code class="filename">/opt/myproject/</code> directory. Some people are trusted to modify the contents of this directory, but not everyone.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html
index e83070f..6a303fc 100644
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+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-users-tools-password-aging.html
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="3.4.2. Adding a New Group" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="id578798" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578810" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578822" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578830" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id578845" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-users-tools.html" title="3.4. Using Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html" title="3.4.2. Adding a New Group" /><link rel="next" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html" title="3.4.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-users-tools-groups-add.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-users-tools-users-logout.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-users-tools-password-aging">3.4.3. Enabling Password Aging</h3></div></div></div><a id="id649433" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649445" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649457" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649465" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id649479" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
For security reasons, it is advisable to require users to change their passwords periodically. This can either be done when adding or editing a user on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Password Info</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>User Manager</strong></span> application, or by using the <code class="command">chage</code> command.
</div><div class="important"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Shadow passwords must be enabled to use chage</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Shadow passwords must be enabled to use the <code class="command">chage</code> command. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html#s2-users-groups-shadow-utilities">Section 3.1.2, “Shadow Passwords”</a>.
- </div></div></div><a id="id578898" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><a id="id649532" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To configure password expiration for a user from a shell prompt, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">chage</code> [<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></span>] <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></pre><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em> are command line options as described in <a class="xref" href="s2-users-tools-password-aging.html#table-chage-options">Table 3.4, “chage command line options”</a>. When the <code class="command">chage</code> command is followed directly by a username (that is, when no command line options are specified), it displays the current password aging values and allows you to change them interactively.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html
index d5cb3bf..a854e1d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-clients-winmanagers.html
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.2.2. Window Managers</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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i><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers">B.2.2. Window Managers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id469612" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id469626" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id469643" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700477" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700499" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700521" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626114" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626132" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626149" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id626167" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-clients.html" title="C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-clients.html" title="C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html" title="C.3. X Server Configuration Files" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-clients.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></l
i><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-clients-winmanagers">C.2.2. Window Managers</h3></div></div></div><a id="id651529" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id651543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771924" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771946" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771967" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id771989" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610138" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610155" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610173" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<em class="firstterm">Window managers</em> are X client programs which are either part of a desktop environment or, in some cases, stand-alone. Their primary purpose is to control the way graphical windows are positioned, resized, or moved. Window managers also control title bars, window focus behavior, and user-specified key and mouse button bindings.
</div><div class="para">
The Red Hat Enterprise Linux repositories provide five different window managers.
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
The <em class="firstterm">Motif Window Manager</em> (<code class="command">mwm</code>) is a basic, stand-alone window manager. Since it is designed to be stand-alone, it should not be used in conjunction with GNOME or KDE. To run this window manager, you need to install the <code class="filename">openmotif</code> package.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <code class="command">twm</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The minimalist <em class="firstterm">Tab Window Manager</em> (<code class="command">twm</code>), which provides the most basic tool set among the available window managers, can be used either as a stand-alone or with a desktop environment. To run this window manager, you need to install the <code class="filename">xorg-x11-twm</code> package.
- </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-clients.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-clients.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.2. Desktop Environments and Window Managers</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-runlevels-5.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-runlevels-5.html
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-runlevels.html" title="B.5. Runlevels and X" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-runlevels.html" title="B.5. Runlevels and X" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html" title="B.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-runlevels.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-addit
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-runlevels.html" title="C.5. Runlevels and X" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-runlevels.html" title="C.5. Runlevels and X" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html" title="C.6. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-runlevels.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-addit
ional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-runlevels-5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-runlevels-5">C.5.2. Runlevel 5</h3></div></div></div><a id="id729473" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id729492" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id729510" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id729529" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739330" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739352" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739375" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739394" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id739416" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When the system boots into runlevel 5, a special X client application called a <em class="firstterm">display manager</em> is launched. A user must authenticate using the display manager before any desktop environment or window managers are launched.
</div><div class="para">
Depending on the desktop environments installed on the system, three different display managers are available to handle user authentication.
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@
The user is returned to the display manager after logging out of X from runlevel 5.
</div><div class="para">
For more information on how display managers control user authentication, refer to the <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/gdm-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em>/README</code> , where <em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em> is the version number for the <code class="filename">gdm</code> package installed, or the <code class="command">xdm</code> man page.
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diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html
index 9316eb4..737683c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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ng></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d">B.3.2. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf.d</code> Directory</h3></div></div></div><a id="id699727" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699748" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id699766" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html" title="C.3. X Server Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html" title="C.3. X Server Configuration Files" /><link rel="next" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html" title="C.3.3. The xorg.conf File" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html"><strong>Prev</stro
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The X server supports two configuration directories. The <code class="filename">/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> provides separate configuration files from vendors or third-party packages; changes to files in this directory may be overwritten by settings specified in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. The <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/</code> directory stores user-specific configuration.
</div><div class="para">
- Files with the suffix <code class="filename">.conf</code> in configuration directories are parsed by the X server upon startup and are treated like part of the traditional <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> configuration file. These files may contain one or more sections; for a description of the options in a section and the general layout of the configuration file, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">Section B.3.3, “The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File”</a> or to the <code class="systemitem">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page. The X server essentially treats the collection of configuration files as one big file with entries from <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> at the end. Users are encouraged to put custom configuration into <code class="filename">/etc/xorg.conf</code> and leave the directory for configuration snippets provided by the distribution.
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+ Files with the suffix <code class="filename">.conf</code> in configuration directories are parsed by the X server upon startup and are treated like part of the traditional <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> configuration file. These files may contain one or more sections; for a description of the options in a section and the general layout of the configuration file, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html">Section C.3.3, “The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File”</a> or to the <code class="systemitem">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page. The X server essentially treats the collection of configuration files as one big file with entries from <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> at the end. Users are encouraged to put custom configuration into <code class="filename">/etc/xorg.conf</code> and leave the directory for configuration snippets provided by the distribution.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.3. X Server Configuration Files</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.3.3. The xorg.conf File</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html
index 1807004..d379c22 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html" title="B.3. X Server Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html" title="B.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-fonts.html" title="B.4. Fonts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="n
ext"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">B.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id700827" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700850" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700868" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-server-configuration.html" title="C.3. X Server Configuration Files" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html" title="C.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory" /><link rel="next" href="s1-x-fonts.html" title="C.4. Fonts" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="n
ext"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf">C.3.3. The <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> File</h3></div></div></div><a id="id573857" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id743765" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id743782" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In previous releases of the X Window System, <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file was used to store initial setup for X. When a change occurred with the monitor, video card or other device managed by the X server, the file needed to be edited manually. In Fedora, there is rarely a need to manually create and edit the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. Nevertheless, it is still useful to understand various sections and optional parameters available, especially when troubleshooting or setting up unusual hardware configuration.
</div><div class="para">
In the following, some important sections are described in the order in which they appear in a typical <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. More detailed information about the X server configuration file can be found in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page. This section is mostly intended for advanced users as most configuration options described below are not needed in typical configuration scenarios.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass">B.3.3.1. The <code class="option">InputClass</code> section</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d-inputclass">C.3.3.1. The <code class="option">InputClass</code> section</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
<code class="option">InputClass</code> is a new type of configuration section that does not apply to a single device but rather to a class of devices, including hot-plugged devices. An <code class="option">InputClass</code> section's scope is limited by the matches specified; in order to apply to an input device, all matches must apply to the device as seen in the example below:
</div><pre class="screen">Section "InputClass"
Identifier "touchpad catchall"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">MatchTag "<em class="replaceable"><code>tag_pattern</code></em>"</code> — this option matches if at least one tag assigned by the HAL configuration back end matches the <em class="replaceable"><code>tag_pattern</code></em> pattern.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
A configuration file may have multiple <code class="option">InputClass</code> sections. These sections are optional and are used to configure a class of input devices as they are automatically added. An input device can match more than one <code class="option">InputClass</code> section. When arranging these sections, it is recommended to put generic matches above specific ones because each input class can override settings from a previous one if an overlap occurs.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">B.3.3.2. The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id499826" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">C.3.3.2. The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id582671" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section configures one input device for the X server. Previously, systems typically had at least one <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section for the keyboard, and most mouse settings were automatically detected.
</div><div class="para">
With Fedora 16, no <code class="option">InputDevice</code> configuration is needed for most setups, and the <span class="package">xorg-x11-drv-*</span> input driver packages provide the automatic configuration through HAL. The default driver for both keyboards and mice is <code class="literal">evdev</code>.
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Emulate3Buttons</code> — Specifies whether to allow a two-button mouse to act like a three-button mouse when both mouse buttons are pressed simultaneously.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
Consult the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page for a complete list of valid options for this section.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">B.3.3.3. The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id614038" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- The optional <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section contains miscellaneous global X server settings. Any settings in this section may be overridden by options placed in the <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section (refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">Section B.3.3.4, “<code class="option">ServerLayout</code>”</a> for details).
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverf">C.3.3.3. The <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id635480" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The optional <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section contains miscellaneous global X server settings. Any settings in this section may be overridden by options placed in the <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section (refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">Section C.3.3.4, “<code class="option">ServerLayout</code>”</a> for details).
</div><div class="para">
Each entry within the <code class="option">ServerFlags</code> section occupies a single line and begins with the term <code class="option">Option</code> followed by an option enclosed in double quotation marks (<code class="literal">"</code>).
</div><div class="para">
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
</div></div></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">"DontZoom" "<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>"</code> — When the value of <em class="replaceable"><code><boolean></code></em> is set to <code class="literal">true</code>, this setting prevents cycling through configured video resolutions using the <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Keypad-Plus</strong></span> and <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Keypad-Minus</strong></span> key combinations.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
- <code class="option">"AutoAddDevices" "<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>"</code> — When the value of <em class="replaceable"><code><boolean></code></em> is set to <code class="literal">false</code>, the server will not hot plug input devices and instead rely solely on devices configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">Section B.3.3.2, “The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section”</a> for more information concerning input devices. This option is enabled by default and HAL (hardware abstraction layer) is used as a back end for device discovery.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">B.3.3.4. <code class="option">ServerLayout</code></h4></div></div></div><a id="id667478" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ <code class="option">"AutoAddDevices" "<em class="replaceable"><code>boolean</code></em>"</code> — When the value of <em class="replaceable"><code><boolean></code></em> is set to <code class="literal">false</code>, the server will not hot plug input devices and instead rely solely on devices configured in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-inputd">Section C.3.3.2, “The <code class="option">InputDevice</code> section”</a> for more information concerning input devices. This option is enabled by default and HAL (hardware abstraction layer) is used as a back end for device discovery.
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-serverl">C.3.3.4. <code class="option">ServerLayout</code></h4></div></div></div><a id="id780180" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section binds together the input and output devices controlled by the X server. At a minimum, this section must specify one input device and one output device. By default, a monitor (output device) and a keyboard (input device) are specified.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section:
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
</div><pre class="screen">Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0</pre><div class="para">
The first number in this example <code class="option">Screen</code> entry (<code class="literal">0</code>) indicates that the first monitor connector, or <em class="firstterm">head</em> on the video card, uses the configuration specified in the <code class="option">Screen</code> section with the identifier <code class="option">"Screen0"</code>.
</div><div class="para">
- An example of a <code class="option">Screen</code> section with the identifier <code class="option">"Screen0"</code> can be found in <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">Section B.3.3.8, “The <code class="option">Screen</code> section”</a>.
+ An example of a <code class="option">Screen</code> section with the identifier <code class="option">"Screen0"</code> can be found in <a class="xref" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.html#s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">Section C.3.3.8, “The <code class="option">Screen</code> section”</a>.
</div><div class="para">
If the video card has more than one head, another <code class="option">Screen</code> entry with a different number and a different <code class="option">Screen</code> section identifier is necessary.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
It is possible to put more than one <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section in the <code class="filename">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</code> file. By default, the server only reads the first one it encounters, however. If there is an alternative <code class="option">ServerLayout</code> section, it can be specified as a command line argument when starting an X session; as in the <code class="command">Xorg -layout <layoutname></code> command.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">B.3.3.5. The <code class="option">Files</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id669770" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-files">C.3.3.5. The <code class="option">Files</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id577226" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="option">Files</code> section sets paths for services vital to the X server, such as the font path. This is an optional section, as these paths are normally detected automatically. This section can be used to override automatically detected values.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">Files</code> section:
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
The following entries are commonly used in the <code class="option">Files</code> section:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">ModulePath</code> — An optional parameter which specifies alternate directories which store X server modules.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">B.3.3.6. The <code class="option">Monitor</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id532062" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-monitor">C.3.3.6. The <code class="option">Monitor</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id766197" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">Monitor</code> section configures one type of monitor used by the system. This is an optional entry as most monitors are now detected automatically.
</div><div class="para">
This example shows a typical <code class="option">Monitor</code> section for a monitor:
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Modeline</code> — An optional parameter which specifies additional video modes for the monitor at particular resolutions, with certain horizontal sync and vertical refresh resolutions. Refer to the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page for a more detailed explanation of <code class="option">Modeline</code> entries.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">Option "<em class="replaceable"><code>option-name</code></em>"</code> — An optional entry which specifies extra parameters for the section. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">B.3.3.7. The <code class="option">Device</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id710834" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-device">C.3.3.7. The <code class="option">Device</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id577543" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">Device</code> section configures one video card on the system. While one <code class="option">Device</code> section is the minimum, additional instances may occur for each video card installed on the machine.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">Device</code> section for a video card:
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
<code class="option">Option "<em class="replaceable"><code>option-name</code></em>"</code> — An optional entry which specifies extra parameters for the section. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
</div><div class="para">
One of the more common options is <code class="literal">"dpms"</code> (for Display Power Management Signaling, a VESA standard), which activates the Service Star energy compliance setting for the monitor.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">B.3.3.8. The <code class="option">Screen</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id666815" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-screen">C.3.3.8. The <code class="option">Screen</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id496718" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Each <code class="option">Screen</code> section binds one video card (or video card head) to one monitor by referencing the <code class="option">Device</code> section and the <code class="option">Monitor</code> section for each. While one <code class="option">Screen</code> section is the minimum, additional instances may occur for each video card and monitor combination present on the machine.
</div><div class="para">
The following example shows a typical <code class="option">Screen</code> section:
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
This subsection is normally used to override auto-detected modes.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="option">Option "<em class="replaceable"><code>option-name</code></em>"</code> — An optional entry which specifies extra parameters for the section. Replace <em class="replaceable"><code><option-name></code></em> with a valid option listed for this section in the <code class="filename">xorg.conf(5)</code> man page.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">B.3.3.9. The <code class="option">DRI</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id503088" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-x-server-config-xorg.conf-dri">C.3.3.9. The <code class="option">DRI</code> section</h4></div></div></div><a id="id770259" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The optional <code class="option">DRI</code> section specifies parameters for the <em class="firstterm">Direct Rendering Infrastructure</em> (<em class="firstterm">DRI</em>). DRI is an interface which allows 3D software applications to take advantage of 3D hardware acceleration capabilities built into most modern video hardware. In addition, DRI can improve 2D performance via hardware acceleration, if supported by the video card driver.
</div><div class="para">
This section is rarely used, as the DRI Group and Mode are automatically initialized to default values. If a different Group or Mode is needed, then adding this section to the <code class="filename">xorg.conf</code> file will override the default values.
@@ -240,4 +240,4 @@ EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Mode 0666
EndSection</pre><div class="para">
Since different video cards use DRI in different ways, do not add to this section without first referring to <a href="http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/">http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/</a>.
- </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.4. Fonts</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-x-server-config-xorg.conf.d.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.3.2. The xorg.conf.d Directory</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-x-fonts.html"><strong>Next</strong>C.4. Fonts</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-useful-websites.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-useful-websites.html
index 5cad5af..cbe476a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-useful-websites.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-x-useful-websites.html
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.6.2. Useful Websites</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>C.6.2. Useful Websites</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html" title="B.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html" title="B.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix C. The sysconfig Directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a>
</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-useful-websites">B.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id668071" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html" title="C.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html" title="C.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html" title="Appendix D. The sysconfig Directory" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a>
</li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s2-x-useful-websites"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s2-x-useful-websites">C.6.2. Useful Websites</h3></div></div></div><a id="id771201" class="indexterm"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.X.org/">http://www.X.org/</a> — Home page of the X.Org Foundation, which produces major releases of the X Window System bundled with Fedora to control the necessary hardware and provide a GUI environment.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://dri.sourceforge.net/">http://dri.sourceforge.net/</a> — Home page of the DRI (Direct Rendering Infrastructure) project. The DRI is the core hardware 3D acceleration component of X.
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@
<a href="http://www.gnome.org">http://www.gnome.org/</a> — Home of the GNOME project.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<a href="http://www.kde.org">http://www.kde.org/</a> — Home of the KDE desktop environment.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.6. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix C. The sysconfig Directory</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-x-additional-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong>C.6. Additional Resources</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix D. The sysconfig Directory</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
index e8a00c0..76b8b7c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="15.2.2. FTP Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="15.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"
><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id592354" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-FTP.html" title="15.2. FTP" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-servers.html" title="15.2.2. FTP Servers" /><link rel="next" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html" title="15.2.4. Starting and Stopping vsftpd" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-servers.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html"
><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="s3-ftp-vsftpd-conf">15.2.3. Files Installed with <code class="command">vsftpd</code> </h3></div></div></div><a id="id722234" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">vsftpd</code> RPM installs the daemon (<code class="filename">/usr/sbin/vsftpd</code>), its configuration and related files, as well as <code class="systemitem">FTP</code> directories onto the system. The following lists the files and directories related to <code class="command">vsftpd</code> configuration:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd</code> — The <span class="emphasis"><em>initialization script</em></span> (<em class="firstterm">initscript</em>) used by the <code class="command">systemctl</code> command to start, stop, or reload <code class="command">vsftpd</code>. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-ftp-vsftpd-start.html">Section 15.2.4, “Starting and Stopping <code class="command">vsftpd</code> ”</a> for more information about using this script.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html
index 73677a6..5c67c86 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Prev</s
trong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id515763" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html" title="15.3.4. Adding an AppSocket/HP JetDirect printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Prev</s
trong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-jetdirect-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Adding_Other_Printer">15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id626413" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add a local printer connected with other than a serial port:
</div><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_Other_Printer"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Section 15.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html
index 0447c05..25cb295 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Additional_Resources.html
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html" title="4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions" /><link rel="next" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-PackageKit
.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id633631" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a href="http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides">http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html" title="4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions" /><link rel="next" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-PackageKit
.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Additional_Resources">4.5. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><a id="id630917" class="indexterm"></a><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a href="http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides">http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides</a> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <code class="literal">Yum Guides</code> section of the Yum wiki contains more documentation.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html"><strong>Prev</strong>4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-PackageKit.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 5. PackageKit</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html
index 2cabfee..71a35aa 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html" title="A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="A.2.4. Uninstalling" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="
n" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes">A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id700117" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700129" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html" title="B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading" /><link rel="next" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html" title="B.2.4. Uninstalling" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="
n" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Configuration_File_Changes">B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</h3></div></div></div><a id="id654664" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id654676" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Because RPM performs intelligent upgrading of packages with configuration files
- <a id="id596504" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id654694" class="indexterm"></a>
, you may see one or the other of the following messages:
</div><pre class="screen">saving /etc/foo.conf as /etc/foo.conf.rpmsave</pre><div class="para">
This message means that changes you made to the configuration file may not be <span class="emphasis"><em>forward-compatible</em></span> with the new configuration file in the package, so RPM saved your original file and installed a new one. You should investigate the differences between the two configuration files and resolve them as soon as possible, to ensure that your system continues to function properly.
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@
To force RPM to upgrade anyway, use the <code class="command">--oldpackage</code> option:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Uvh --oldpackage foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
-</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.2.4. Uninstalling</a></li></ul></body></html>
+</pre></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.4. Uninstalling</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html
index 4971c09..cba4c27 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html" title="4.2.6. Working with Transaction History" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html" title="4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="id617525" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id617537" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html" title="4.2.6. Working with Transaction History" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html" title="4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li
class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories">4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories</h2></div></div></div><a id="id616894" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id616905" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The configuration file for <code class="command">yum</code> and related utilities is located at <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>. This file contains one mandatory <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, which allows you to set Yum options that have global effect, and may also contain one or more <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, which allow you to set repository-specific options. However, best practice is to define individual repositories in new or existing <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code>directory. The values you define in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> file may override values set in individual <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections.
</div><div class="para">
This section shows you how to:
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
add, enable, and disable Yum repositories on the command line; and,
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
set up your own custom Yum repository.
- </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id631562" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_main_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_main_Options">4.3.1. Setting [main] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id617071" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file contains exactly one <code class="literal">[main]</code> section, and while some of the key-value pairs in this section affect how <code class="command">yum</code> operates, others affect how Yum treats repositories. You can add many additional options under the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section heading in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
A sample <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file can look like this:
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ installonly_limit=3
</div><div class="para">
If this option is set in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> file, it sets the GPG-checking rule for all repositories. However, you can also set <code class="option">gpgcheck=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> for individual repositories instead; that is, you can enable GPG-checking on one repository while disabling it on another. Setting <code class="option">gpgcheck=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> for an individual repository in its corresponding <code class="filename">.repo</code> file overrides the default if it is present in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>.
</div><div class="para">
- For more information on GPG signature-checking, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section A.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a>.
+ For more information on GPG signature-checking, refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section B.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a>.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="option">groupremove_leaf_only</code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
…where <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> is one of:
</div><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html
index b4d232c..2c738f4 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html" title="4.4. Yum Plug-ins" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repos
itories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id597900" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html" title="4.4. Yum Plug-ins" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Managing_Yum_Repos
itories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository">4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id552050" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To set up a Yum repository, follow these steps:
</div><div class="procedure" id="procedure-Setting_Up_a_Yum_repository"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Install the <span class="package">createrepo</span> package:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html
index 1630249..ff4b60d 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html" title="22.3. Loading a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id581072" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id581088" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id479484" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html" title="22.3. Loading a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module">22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id570009" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741364" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id741384" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can display detailed information about a kernel module by running the <code class="command">modinfo <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> command.
</div><div class="note" id="note-Module_names_do_not_end_in_.ko"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Module names do not end in .ko</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
When entering the name of a kernel module as an argument to one of the <span class="package">module-init-tools</span> utilities, do not append a <code class="filename">.ko</code> extension to the end of the name. Kernel module names do not have extensions: their corresponding files do.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html
index 115020c..102014f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="4.2.2. Listing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing.html" title="4.2.4. Installing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"
><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id568749" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id568765" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="4.2.2. Listing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing.html" title="4.2.4. Installing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"
><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Displaying_Package_Information">4.2.3. Displaying Package Information</h3></div></div></div><a id="id660598" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id660613" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To display information about one or more packages (glob expressions are valid here as well), use the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">info</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
For example, to display information about the <span class="package">abrt</span> package, type:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ URL : https://fedorahosted.org/abrt/
License : GPLv2+
Description : abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications and
: to create a bug report with all informations needed by maintainer
- : to fix it. It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="id568821" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id568837" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ : to fix it. It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.</pre><a id="id660669" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id660685" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">yum info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command is similar to the <code class="command">rpm -q --info <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em></code> command, but provides as additional information the ID of the Yum repository the RPM package is found in (look for the <code class="computeroutput">From repo:</code> line in the output).
</div><div class="para">
You can also query the Yum database for alternative and useful information about a package by using the following command:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html
index 24014e7..3689c20 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html
@@ -7,37 +7,37 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html" title="5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey=
"p" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="id588838" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html" title="5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey=
"p" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters">5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters</h3></div></div></div><a id="id662661" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can view the list of all <span class="emphasis"><em>configured</em></span> and unfiltered (see below) <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> repositories by opening <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> and clicking <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Sources</strong></span>. Once the software sources have been updated, it is often beneficial to apply some filters so that <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> retrieves the results of our <span class="guilabel"><strong>Find</strong></span> queries faster. This is especially helpful when performing many package searches. Four of the filters in the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Filters</strong></span> drop-down menu are used to split results by matching or not matching a single criterion. By default when <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> starts, these filters are a
ll unapplied (<span class="guibutton"><strong>No Filter</strong></span>), but once you do filter by one of them, that filter remains set until you either change it or close <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
Because you are usually searching for available packages that are <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> installed on the system, click <span class="guimenu"><strong>Filters</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Installed</strong></span> and select the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Available</strong></span> radio button.
- <a id="id588922" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id588938" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id588950" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id588965" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id588981" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662744" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662760" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662772" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662788" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662803" class="indexterm"></a>
</div><div class="figure" id="Graphical_Package_Management-filters-only_available"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-filters-available.png" alt="Filtering out already-installed packages" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
filtering out packages which are already installed
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.5. Filtering out already-installed packages</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- <a id="id589033" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id589049" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id589065" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662856" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662872" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id662887" class="indexterm"></a>
Also, unless we require development files such as C header files, we can filter for <span class="guimenu"><strong>Only End User Files</strong></span> and, in doing so, filter out all of the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>-devel</code> packages we are not interested in.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-filters-only_end_user"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-filters-end-user.png" alt="Filtering out development packages from the list of Find results" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
filtering out development packages from our results
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.6. Filtering out development packages from the list of Find results</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
The two remaining filters with submenus are:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Graphical</strong></span> <a id="id589142" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Graphical</strong></span> <a id="id662965" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Narrows the search to either applications which provide a GUI interface (<span class="guibutton"><strong>Only Graphical</strong></span>) or those that do not. This filter is useful when browsing for GUI applications that perform a specific function.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Free</strong></span> <a id="id488523" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>Free</strong></span> <a id="id598933" class="indexterm"></a>
</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Search for packages which are considered to be free software Refer to the <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing#SoftwareLicenses">Fedora Licensing List</a> for details on approved licenses.
</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
The remaining checkbox filters are always either checked or unchecked. They are:
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> <a id="id488582" class="indexterm"></a>
+ Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> <a id="id598993" class="indexterm"></a>
checkbox filters out generally-uninteresting packages that are typically only dependencies of other packages that we want. For example, checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Hide Subpackages</strong></span> and searching for <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em> </code> would cause the following related packages to be filtered out of the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Find</strong></span> results (if it exists):
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename"> <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em>-devel</code>
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
<code class="filename"> <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em>-debuginfo</code>
</div></li></ul></div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- Checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> <a id="id488706" class="indexterm"></a>
+ Checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> <a id="id599117" class="indexterm"></a>
filters out all older versions of the same package from the list of results, which is generally what we want.
</div><div class="important" id="important-Using_the_Only_newest_items_filter"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the Only Newest Packages filter</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Newest Packages</strong></span> filters out all but the most recent version of any package from the results list. This filter is often combined with the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Available</strong></span> filter to search for the latest available versions of new (not installed) packages.
</div></div></div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term">Only native packages</span></dt><dd><div class="para">
- Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Native Packages</strong></span> <a id="id488764" class="indexterm"></a>
+ Checking the <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Native Packages</strong></span> <a id="id599175" class="indexterm"></a>
box on a multilib system causes <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> to omit listing results for packages compiled for the architecture that runs in <span class="emphasis"><em>compatibility mode</em></span>. For example, enabling this filter on a 64-bit system with an AMD64 CPU would cause all packages built for the 32-bit x86 CPU architecture not to be shown in the list of results, even though those packages are able to run on an AMD64 machine. Packages which are architecture-agnostic (i.e. <em class="firstterm">noarch</em> packages such as <code class="filename">crontabs-1.10-32.1.el6.noarch.rpm</code>) are never filtered out by checking <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Only Native Packages</strong></span>. This filter has no affect on non-multilib systems, such as x86 machines.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html"><strong>Prev</strong>5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html"><strong>Next</strong>5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Depe...</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing.html
index e00a98d..3f1f2b3 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="4.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Removing.html" title="4.2.5. Removing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>
Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Removing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id568945" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id568957" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="4.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Removing.html" title="4.2.5. Removing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>
Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Removing.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing">4.2.4. Installing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id660793" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id660805" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Yum allows you to install both a single package and multiple packages, as well as a package group of your choice.
</div><h4> Installing Individual Packages </h4><div class="para">
To install a single package and all of its non-installed dependencies, enter a command in the following form:
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/named</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">yum provides "*/<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>"</code> is a common and useful trick to find the packages that contain <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.
- </div></div></div><h4> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="id569150" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569162" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><h4> Installing a Package Group </h4><a id="id660998" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id661010" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A package group is similar to a package: it is not useful by itself, but installing one pulls a group of dependent packages that serve a common purpose. A package group has a name and a <em class="firstterm">groupid</em>. The <code class="command">yum grouplist -v</code> command lists the names of all package groups, and, next to each of them, their groupid in parentheses. The groupid is always the term in the last pair of parentheses, such as <code class="literal">kde-desktop</code> in the following example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum -v grouplist kde\*</code>
Not loading "blacklist" plugin, as it is disabled
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html
index 5ad0d6c..072f3b7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html" title="5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html" title="5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a acce
sskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id489091" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489102" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489114" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id489126" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html" title="5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html" title="5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a acce
sskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups">5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups</h3></div></div></div><a id="id599501" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599513" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599525" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599536" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> also has the ability to install <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> package groups, which it calls <span class="guilabel"><strong>Package collections</strong></span>. Clicking on <span class="guilabel"><strong>Package collections</strong></span> in the top-left list of categories in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Updates</strong></span> window allows us to scroll through and find the package group we want to install. In this case, we want to install Czech language support (the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Czech Support</strong></span> group). Checking the box and clicking <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> informs us how many <span class="emphasis"><em>additional</em></span> packages must be installed in order to fulfill the dependencies of the package group.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-installing_a_package_group"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-package-group.png" alt="Installing the Czech Support package group" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Using PackageKit to install Czech language support with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html
index 250f44a..1a05ebe 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html" title="5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html" title="5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-
Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</h3></div></div></div><a id="id488815" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id488827" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html" title="5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html" title="5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-
Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Packages_and_Dependencies">5.2.3. Installing and Removing Packages (and Dependencies)</h3></div></div></div><a id="id599226" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id599238" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
With the two filters selected, <span class="guibutton"><strong>Only Available</strong></span> and <span class="guibutton"><strong>Only End User Files</strong></span>, search for the <span class="application"><strong>htop</strong></span> interactive process viewer and highlight the package. You now have access to some very useful information about it, including: a clickable link to the project homepage; the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> package group it is found in, if any; the license of the package; a pointer to the GNOME menu location from where the application can be opened, if applicable; and the size of the package, which is relevant when we download and install it.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-install"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software-install.png" alt="Viewing and installing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Viewing and installing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 5.7. Viewing and installing a package with PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
When the checkbox next to a package or group is checked, then that item is already installed on the system. Checking an unchecked box causes it to be <span class="emphasis"><em>marked</em></span> for installation, which only occurs when the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> button is clicked. In this way, you can search for and select multiple packages or package groups before performing the actual installation transactions. Additionally, you can remove installed packages by unchecking the checked box, and the removal will occur along with any pending installations when <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> is pressed. Dependency resolution
- <a id="id488913" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id599324" class="indexterm"></a>
, which may add additional packages to be installed or removed, is performed after pressing <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span>. <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> will then display a window listing those additional packages to install or remove, and ask for confirmation to proceed.
</div><div class="para">
Check <span class="application"><strong>htop</strong></span> and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Apply</strong></span> button. You will then be prompted for the superuser password; enter it, and <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> will install <span class="application"><strong>htop</strong></span>. One nice feature of <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> is that, following installation, it sometimes presents you with a list of your newly-installed applications and offer you the choice of running them immediately. Alternatively, you will remember that finding a package and selecting it in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window shows you the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Location</strong></span> of where in the GNOME menus its application shortcut is located, which is helpful when you want to run it.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html
index 1ed5919..32f2356 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Installing_and_Upgrading.html
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>A.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="A.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html" title="A.2.3. Configuration File Changes" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configurati
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-rpm-using.html" title="B.2. Using RPM" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html" title="B.2.3. Configuration File Changes" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configurati
on_File_Changes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Installing_and_Upgrading">B.2.2. Installing and Upgrading</h3></div></div></div><a id="id818543" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id795962" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id795974" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id654356" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
RPM packages typically have file names
- <a id="id503290" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id698015" class="indexterm"></a>
like <code class="filename">tree-1.5.3-2.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>. The file name includes the package name (<code class="filename">tree</code>), version (<code class="filename">1.5.3</code>), release (<code class="filename">2</code>), operating system major version (<code class="filename">fc16</code>) and CPU architecture (<code class="filename">x86_64</code>).
</div><div class="para">
You can use <code class="command">rpm</code>'s <code class="option">-U</code> option to:
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ d22e77f2</pre><div class="para">
key ID d22e77f2</pre><div class="para">
If you do not have the appropriate key installed to verify the signature, the message contains the word <code class="computeroutput">NOKEY</code>:
</div><pre class="screen">warning: tree-1.5.2.2-4.fc16.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 signature: NOKEY, key ID 57bbccba</pre><div class="para">
- Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section A.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for more information on checking a package's signature.
- </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-errors">A.2.2.1. Package Already Installed</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-check-rpm-sig.html">Section B.3, “Checking a Package's Signature”</a> for more information on checking a package's signature.
+ </div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-errors"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-errors">B.2.2.1. Package Already Installed</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
If a package of the same name and version is already installed
- <a id="id502258" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id502270" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id766116" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id766128" class="indexterm"></a>
, the following output is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
package tree-1.5.3-2.fc16.x86_64 is already installed</pre><div class="para">
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ key ID d22e77f2</pre><div class="para">
<code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacepkgs tree-1.5.3-2.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
</pre><div class="para">
This option is helpful if files installed from the RPM were deleted or if you want the original configuration files from the RPM to be installed.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files">A.2.2.2. Conflicting Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="id560876" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-conflicting-files">B.2.2.2. Conflicting Files</h4></div></div></div><a id="id634349" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you attempt to install a package that contains a file which has already been installed by another package
- <a id="id560896" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id502512" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id634368" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id634380" class="indexterm"></a>
, the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">Preparing... ##################################################
file /usr/bin/foobar from install of foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64 conflicts
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ with file from package bar-3.1.1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
To make RPM ignore this error, use the <code class="command">--replacefiles</code> option:
</div><pre class="screen">
<code class="command">rpm -Uvh --replacefiles foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm</code>
-</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">A.2.2.3. Unresolved Dependency</h4></div></div></div><a id="id499893" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id710900" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre></div><div class="section" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-rpm-unresolved-dependency">B.2.2.3. Unresolved Dependency</h4></div></div></div><a id="id769393" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id769405" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
RPM packages may sometimes depend on other packages
- <a id="id710915" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id710927" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id769420" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id769432" class="indexterm"></a>
, which means that they require other packages to be installed to run properly. If you try to install a package which has an unresolved dependency, output similar to the following is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">error: Failed dependencies:
bar.so.3()(64bit) is needed by foo-1.0-1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
@@ -87,4 +87,4 @@ with file from package bar-3.1.1.fc16.x86_64</pre><div class="para">
If the package that contains <code class="filename">bar.so.3</code> is in the RPM database, the name of the package is displayed:
</div><pre class="screen">bar-3.1.1.fc16.i586.rpm</pre><div class="warning" id="warning-install-Warning-Forcing_Package_Installation"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Warning: Forcing Package Installation</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although we can <span class="emphasis"><em>force</em></span> <code class="command">rpm</code> to install a package that gives us a <code class="computeroutput">Failed dependencies</code> error (using the <code class="option">--nodeps</code> option), this is <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> recommended, and will usually result in the installed package failing to run. Installing or removing packages with <code class="command">rpm --nodeps</code> can cause applications to misbehave and/or crash, and can cause serious package management problems or, possibly, system failure. For these reasons, it is best to heed such warnings; the package manager—whether <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> or <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>—shows us these warnings and suggests possible fixes because accounting for dependencies is critical. The <span class="application"><stron
g>Yum</strong></span> package manager can perform dependency resolution and fetch dependencies from online repositories, making it safer, easier and smarter than forcing <code class="command">rpm</code> to carry out actions without regard to resolving dependencies.
- </div></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.2. Using RPM</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></li></ul></body></html>
+ </div></div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-rpm-using.html"><strong>Prev</strong>B.2. Using RPM</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Configuration_File_Changes.html"><strong>Next</strong>B.2.3. Configuration File Changes</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html
index 5f6ca03..a3b0589 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Listing_Packages.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="4.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Packages_and_Packa
ge_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id592902" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592918" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html" title="4.2.3. Displaying Package Information" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Packages_and_Packa
ge_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Displaying_Package_Information.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Listing_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Listing_Packages">4.2.2. Listing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id584506" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584522" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<code class="command">yum list</code> and related commands provide information about packages, package groups, and repositories.
</div><div class="para">
All of Yum's list commands allow you to filter the results by appending one or more <em class="firstterm">glob expressions</em> as arguments. Glob expressions are normal strings of characters which contain one or more of the wildcard characters <code class="command">*</code> (which expands to match any character multiple times) and <code class="command">?</code> (which expands to match any one character).
- </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id592965" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592980" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note" id="note-Tip-Filtering_Results_with_Glob_Expressions"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Filtering results with glob expressions</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id584570" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584586" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Be careful to escape the glob expressions when passing them as arguments to a <code class="command">yum</code> command, otherwise the Bash shell will interpret these expressions as <em class="firstterm">pathname expansions</em>, and potentially pass all files in the current directory that match the globs to <code class="command">yum</code>. To make sure the glob expressions are passed to <code class="command">yum</code> as intended, either:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
escape the wildcard characters by preceding them with a backslash character
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ abrt-plugin-logger.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 @fedora
Available Packages
abrt-plugin-mailx.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates
abrt-plugin-reportuploader.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates
-abrt-plugin-rhtsupport.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id593117" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id593133" class="indexterm"></a>
+abrt-plugin-rhtsupport.x86_64 2.0.2-5.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id584723" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id584739" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum list all</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all installed <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> available packages.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_installed_and_available_packages"><h6>Example 4.2. Listing all installed and available packages</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum list all</code>
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ NetworkManager.x86_64 1:0.8.998-4.git20110427.fc15 @fedora
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:0.8.998-4.git20110427.fc15 @fedora
NetworkManager-gnome.x86_64 1:0.8.998-4.git20110427.fc15 @fedora
NetworkManager-openconnect.x86_64 0.8.1-9.git20110419.fc15 @fedora
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id593198" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id593214" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id584804" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id584820" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum list installed</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all packages installed on your system. The rightmost column in the output lists the repository from which the package was retrieved.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_installed_packages_using_a_double-quoted_glob_expression"><h6>Example 4.3. Listing installed packages using a double-quoted glob expression</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ NetworkManager-openconnect.x86_64 0.8.1-9.git20110419.fc15 @fedora
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum list installed "krb?-*"</code>
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Installed Packages
-krb5-libs.x86_64 1.9-7.fc15 @fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id593280" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id593296" class="indexterm"></a>
+krb5-libs.x86_64 1.9-7.fc15 @fedora</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id584886" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id584902" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum list available</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all available packages in all enabled repositories.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_available_packages_using_a_single_glob_expression_with_escaped_wildcards"><h6>Example 4.4. Listing available packages using a single glob expression with escaped wildcard characters</h6><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ gstreamer-plugins-base-tools.x86_64 0.10.33-1.fc15 updates
gstreamer-plugins-espeak.x86_64 0.3.3-3.fc15 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-fc.x86_64 0.2-2.fc15 fedora
gstreamer-plugins-good.x86_64 0.10.29-1.fc15 updates
-gstreamer-plugins-good-devel-docs.noarch 0.10.29-1.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id568597" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id568613" class="indexterm"></a>
+gstreamer-plugins-good-devel-docs.noarch 0.10.29-1.fc15 updates</pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id660445" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id660461" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum grouplist</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists all package groups.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_all_package_groups"><h6>Example 4.5. Listing all package groups</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum grouplist</code>
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ Installed Groups:
Dial-up Networking Support
Fonts
GNOME Desktop Environment
-<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id568670" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id568685" class="indexterm"></a>
+<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre></div></div><br class="example-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id660518" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id660533" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="command">yum repolist</code> </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Lists the repository ID, name, and number of packages it provides for each <span class="emphasis"><em>enabled</em></span> repository.
</div><div class="example" id="ex-Listing_enabled_repositories"><h6>Example 4.6. Listing enabled repositories</h6><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum repolist</code>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html
index 2eb273c..992d9ed 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Loading_a_Module.html
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="22.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html" title="22.4. Unloading a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Info
rmation_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id634108" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id468721" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id468741" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html" title="22.2. Displaying Information About a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html" title="22.4. Unloading a Module" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Info
rmation_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Loading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Loading_a_Module">22.3. Loading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id687484" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id687500" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id693497" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To load a kernel module, run <code class="command">modprobe <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em></code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, to load the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module, run:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe wacom</code>
-</pre><a id="id645659" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+</pre><a id="id772609" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
By default, <code class="command">modprobe</code> attempts to load the module from <code class="filename">/lib/modules/<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>/kernel/drivers/</code>. In this directory, each type of module has its own subdirectory, such as <code class="filename">net/</code> and <code class="filename">scsi/</code>, for network and SCSI interface drivers respectively.
</div><div class="para">
Some modules have dependencies, which are other kernel modules that must be loaded before the module in question can be loaded. The <code class="command">modprobe</code> command always takes dependencies into account when performing operations. When you ask <code class="command">modprobe</code> to load a specific kernel module, it first examines the dependencies of that module, if there are any, and loads them if they are not already loaded into the kernel. <code class="command">modprobe</code> resolves dependencies recursively: it will load all dependencies of dependencies, and so on, if necessary, thus ensuring that all dependencies are always met.
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/libfc/libfc.ko
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/libfcoe.ko
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe.ko</pre><div class="para">
In this example, you can see that <code class="command">modprobe</code> loaded the <code class="systemitem">scsi_tgt</code>, <code class="systemitem">scsi_transport_fc</code>, <code class="systemitem">libfc</code> and <code class="systemitem">libfcoe</code> modules as dependencies before finally loading <code class="systemitem">fcoe</code>. Also note that <code class="command">modprobe</code> used the more <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">primitive</span>”</span> <code class="command">insmod</code> command to insert the modules into the running kernel.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id474409" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id504445" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id708112" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id691248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Always_use_modprobe_instead_of_insmod"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Always use modprobe instead of insmod!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">insmod</code> command can also be used to load kernel modules, it does not resolve dependencies. Because of this, you should <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> load modules using <code class="command">modprobe</code> instead.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong>22.2. Displaying Information About a Module</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Next</strong>22.4. Unloading a Module</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html
index 92a8b3c..1bcd37c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html" title="4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html" title="4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="
sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id597579" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html" title="4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html" title="4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="
sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Managing_Yum_Repositories">4.3.5. Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a Yum Repository</h3></div></div></div><a id="id551728" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html">Section 4.3.2, “Setting [repository] Options”</a> described various options you can use to define a Yum repository. This section explains how to add, enable, and disable a repository by using the <code class="command">yum-config-manager</code> command.
</div><h4> Adding a Yum Repository </h4><div class="para">
To define a new repository, you can either add a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section to the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> file, or to a <code class="filename">.repo</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory. All files with the <code class="filename">.repo</code> file extension in this directory are read by <code class="command">yum</code>, and best practice is to define your repositories here instead of in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html
index 715983c..270f00e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html" title="5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="5.4. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</h2></div></div></div><a id="id473509" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html" title="5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="5.4. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html">
<strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Graphical_Package_Management-sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-PackageKit_Architecture">5.3. PackageKit Architecture</h2></div></div></div><a id="id650354" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora provides the <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> suite of applications for viewing, updating, installing and uninstalling packages and package groups compatible with your system. Architecturally, <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> consists of several graphical front ends that communicate with the <code class="command">packagekitd</code> daemon back end, which communicates with a package manager-specific back end that utilizes <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span> to perform the actual transactions, such as installing and removing packages, etc.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html#table-PackageKit_GUI_Windows_Menu_Locations_and_Shell_Prompt_Commands">Table 5.1, “PackageKit GUI windows, menu locations, and shell prompt commands”</a> shows the name of the GUI window, how to start the window from the GNOME desktop or from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window, and the name of the command line application that opens that window.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html
index cb88255..9a1e41f 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="4.2.2. Listing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-yum.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a
></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="id515478" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id515490" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id592774" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592789" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html" title="4.2.2. Listing Packages" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-yum.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong></a
></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups">4.2. Packages and Package Groups</h2></div></div></div><a id="id590236" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590248" class="indexterm"></a><div class="section" id="sec-Searching_Packages"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Searching_Packages">4.2.1. Searching Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id584378" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584394" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can search all <acronym class="acronym">RPM</acronym> package names, descriptions and summaries by using the following command:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">search</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>term</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
This command displays the list of matches for each term. For example, to list all packages that match <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">meld</span>”</span> or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">kompare</span>”</span>, type:
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ python-meld3.x86_64 : HTML/XML templating system for Python
============================= N/S Matched: kompare =============================
komparator.x86_64 : Kompare and merge two folders
- Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="id592851" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id592867" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.</pre><a id="id584456" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id584472" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="command">yum search</code> command is useful for searching for packages you do not know the name of, but for which you know a related term.
</div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-yum.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Chapter 4. Yum</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Listing_Packages.html"><strong>Next</strong>4.2.2. Listing Packages</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html
index b42a9a6..3e7e468 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html" title="22.5. Setting Module Parameters" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html" title="22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setti
ng_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="id665169" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id665185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html" title="22.5. Setting Module Parameters" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html" title="22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Setti
ng_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading">22.6. Persistent Module Loading</h2></div></div></div><a id="id632328" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id632344" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
As shown in <a class="xref" href="sec-Displaying_Information_About_a_Module.html#ex-Listing_information_about_a_kernel_module_with_lsmod">Example 22.1, “Listing information about a kernel module with lsmod”</a>, many kernel modules are loaded automatically at boot time. You can specify additional modules to be loaded by creating a new <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.modules</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/modules/</code> directory, where <em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em> is any descriptive name of your choice. Your <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.modules</code> files are treated by the system startup scripts as shell scripts, and as such should begin with an <em class="firstterm">interpreter directive</em> (also called a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">bang line</span>”</span>) as their first line:
</div><pre class="programlisting"><span class="perl_Comment">#!/bin/sh</span></pre><div class="para">
Additionally, the <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em>.modules</code> file should be executable. You can make it executable by running:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html
index 9e1221d..98f4e98 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Plugin_Descriptions.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Yum_Plugins.html" title="4.4. Yum Plug-ins" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html" title="4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html" title="4.5. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></l
i><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Plugin_Descriptions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Plugin_Descriptions">4.4.3. Plug-in Descriptions</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
The following list provides descriptions of a few useful Yum plug-ins:
- </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id598351" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id552506" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>fs-snapshot</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-plugin-fs-snapshot</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>fs-snapshot</strong></span> plug-in extends Yum to create a snapshot of a file system before proceeding with a transaction such as a system update or package removal. When a user decides that the changes made by the transaction are unwanted, this mechanism allows the user to roll back to the changes that are stored in a snapshot.
</div><div class="para">
@@ -102,20 +102,20 @@
<code class="option">lvcreate_size_args</code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>
</td><td>
Allows you to specify the size of a logical volume snapshot. The <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> must be the <code class="option">-l</code> or <code class="option">-L</code> command line option for the <span class="application"><strong>lvcreate</strong></span> utility followed by a valid argument (for example, <code class="literal">-l 80%ORIGIN</code>).
- </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id599305" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id630508" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-presto</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> plug-in adds support to Yum for downloading <em class="firstterm">delta RPM</em> packages, during updates, from repositories which have <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> metadata enabled. Delta RPMs contain only the differences between the version of the package installed on the client requesting the RPM package and the updated version in the repository.
</div><div class="para">
Downloading a delta RPM is much quicker than downloading the entire updated package, and can speed up updates considerably. Once the delta RPMs are downloaded, they must be rebuilt to apply the difference to the currently-installed package and thus create the full, updated package. This process takes CPU time on the installing machine. Using delta RPMs is therefore a tradeoff between time-to-download, which depends on the network connection, and time-to-rebuild, which is CPU-bound. Using the <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span> plug-in is recommended for fast machines and systems with slower network connections, while slower machines on very fast connections <span class="emphasis"><em>may</em></span> benefit more from downloading normal RPM packages, that is, by disabling <span class="application"><strong>presto</strong></span>.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id633316" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id630602" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>refresh-packagekit</strong></span> (<span class="package">PackageKit-yum-plugin</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>refresh-packagekit</strong></span> plug-in updates metadata for <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> whenever <code class="command">yum</code> is run. The <span class="application"><strong>refresh-packagekit</strong></span> plug-in is installed by default.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id633373" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id630659" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>rhnplugin</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-rhn-plugin</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>rhnplugin</strong></span> provides support for connecting to <code class="systemitem">RHN Classic</code>. This allows systems registered with <code class="systemitem">RHN Classic</code> to update and install packages from this system.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to the <span class="bold bold"><strong>rhnplugin</strong></span>(8) manual page for more information about the plug-in.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id633441" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"> <a id="id630728" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> (<span class="package">yum-plugin-security</span>) </span></dt><dd><div class="para">
Discovering information about and applying security updates easily and often is important to all system administrators. For this reason Yum provides the <span class="application"><strong>security</strong></span> plug-in, which extends <code class="command">yum</code> with a set of highly-useful security-related commands, subcommands and options.
</div><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html
index 682689f..cb195ee 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Printer_Configuration.html
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="15.2.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="ne
xt"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="id482635" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id494393" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-File_and_Print_Servers.html" title="Chapter 15. File and Print Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s2-ftp-resources.html" title="15.2.6. Additional Resources" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html" title="15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s2-ftp-resources.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="ne
xt"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sec-Printer_Configuration" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Printer_Configuration">15.3. Printer Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="id656789" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id620469" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <span class="application"><strong>Printer Configuration</strong></span> tool serves for printer configuring, maintenance of printer configuration files, print spool directories and print filters, and printer classes management.
</div><div class="para">
The tool is based on the Common Unix Printing System (<acronym class="acronym">CUPS</acronym>). If you upgraded the system from a previous Fedora version that used CUPS, the upgrade process preserved the configured printers.
- </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id506204" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Using the CUPS web application or command line tools</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id602185" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can perform the same and additional operations on printers directly from the CUPS web application or command line. To access the application, in a web browser, go to <a href="http://localhost:631/">http://localhost:631/</a>. For CUPS manuals refer to the links on the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Home</strong></span> tab of the web site.
</div></div></div><div class="section" id="sec-Starting_Printer_Config"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Starting_Printer_Config">15.3.1. Starting the Printer Configuration Tool</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
With the Printer Configuration tool you can perform various operations on existing printers and set up new printers.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Removing.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Removing.html
index dd2d174..b71c634 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Removing.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Removing.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing.html" title="4.2.4. Installing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html" title="4.2.6. Working with Transaction History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Removing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id569307" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569318" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Packages_and_Package_Groups.html" title="4.2. Packages and Package Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing.html" title="4.2.4. Installing Packages" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html" title="4.2.6. Working with Transaction History" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Removing"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Removing">4.2.5. Removing Packages</h3></div></div></div><a id="id661155" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id661166" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Similarly to package installation, Yum allows you to uninstall (remove in <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> and Yum terminology) both individual packages and a package group.
- </div><h4> Removing Individual Packages </h4><a id="id569343" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569359" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><h4> Removing Individual Packages </h4><a id="id661191" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id661207" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To uninstall a particular package, as well as any packages that depend on it, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">remove</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>package_name</code></em>…</pre><div class="para">
As when you install multiple packages, you can remove several at once by adding more package names to the command. For example, to remove <span class="package">totem</span>, <span class="package">rhythmbox</span>, and <span class="package">sound-juicer</span>, type the following at a shell prompt:
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
package provides
</div></li></ul></div><div class="warning" id="warning-WarningRemoving_a_Package_when_Other_Packages_Depend_On_It"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Removing a package when other packages depend on it</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
- Yum is not able to remove a package without also removing packages which depend on it. This type of operation can only be performed by <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, is not advised, and can potentially leave your system in a non-functioning state or cause applications to misbehave and/or crash. For further information, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Section A.2.4, “Uninstalling”</a> in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> chapter.
+ Yum is not able to remove a package without also removing packages which depend on it. This type of operation can only be performed by <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span>, is not advised, and can potentially leave your system in a non-functioning state or cause applications to misbehave and/or crash. For further information, refer to <a class="xref" href="s2-rpm-uninstalling.html">Section B.2.4, “Uninstalling”</a> in the <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> chapter.
</div></div></div><h4> Removing a Package Group </h4><div class="para">
You can remove a package group using syntax congruent with the <code class="command">install</code> syntax:
</div><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">groupremove</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><pre class="synopsis"><code class="command">yum</code> <code class="option">remove</code> @<em class="replaceable"><code>group</code></em></pre><div class="para">
The following are alternative but equivalent ways of removing the <code class="literal">KDE Desktop</code> group:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum groupremove "KDE Desktop"</code>
~]# <code class="command">yum groupremove kde-desktop</code>
-~]# <code class="command">yum remove @kde-desktop</code></pre><div class="important" id="important-Package_Group_Removal"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Intelligent package group removal</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id569569" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id569580" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+~]# <code class="command">yum remove @kde-desktop</code></pre><div class="important" id="important-Package_Group_Removal"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Intelligent package group removal</h2></div><div class="admonition"><a id="id661417" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id661428" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
When you tell <span class="application"><strong>yum</strong></span> to remove a package group, it will remove every package in that group, even if those packages are members of other package groups or dependencies of other installed packages. However, you can instruct <code class="command">yum</code> to remove only those packages which are not required by any other packages or groups by adding the <code class="option">groupremove_leaf_only=1</code> directive to the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file. For more information on this directive, refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html#sec-Setting_main_Options">Section 4.3.1, “Setting [main] Options”</a>.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing.html"><strong>Prev</strong>4.2.4. Installing Packages</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Yum-Transaction_History.html"><strong>Next</strong>4.2.6. Working with Transaction History</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html
index 4f1d27c..9bf24e9 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html" title="22.4. Unloading a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html" title="22.6. Persistent Module Loading" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</
strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</h2></div></div></div><a id="id487117" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id485788" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html" title="22.4. Unloading a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html" title="22.6. Persistent Module Loading" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Unloading_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</
strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters">22.5. Setting Module Parameters</h2></div></div></div><a id="id637960" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id637972" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Like the kernel itself, modules can also take parameters that change their behavior. Most of the time, the default ones work well, but occasionally it is necessary or desirable to set custom parameters for a module. Because parameters cannot be dynamically set for a module that is already loaded into a running kernel, there are two different methods for setting them.
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
You can unload all dependencies of the module you want to set parameters for, unload the module using <code class="command">modprobe -r</code>, and then load it with <code class="command">modprobe</code> along with a list of customized parameters. This method is often used when the module does not have many dependencies, or to test different combinations of parameters without making them persistent, and is the method covered in this section.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Printer.html
index ce46628..0824263 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_Printer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html" title="15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</h3></div></div></div><a id="id487290" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html" title="15.3.3. Adding a Local Printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Adding_Other_Printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_Printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_Printer">15.3.2. Starting Printer Setup</h3></div></div></div><a id="id576290" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Printer setup process varies depending on the printer queue type.
</div><div class="para">
If you are setting up a local printer connected with USB, the printer is discovered and added automatically. You will be prompted to confirm the packages to be installed and provide the root password. Local printers connected with other port types and network printers need to be set up manually.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_repository_Options.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_repository_Options.html
index e4c2605..f2bceee 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_repository_Options.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Setting_repository_Options.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html" title="4.3.3. Using Yum Variables" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Conf
iguring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id632636" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html" title="4.3.3. Using Yum Variables" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Conf
iguring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Setting_repository_Options">4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options</h3></div></div></div><a id="id618145" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> sections, where <em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em> is a unique repository ID such as <code class="literal">my_personal_repo</code> (spaces are not permitted), allow you to define individual Yum repositories.
</div><div class="para">
The following is a bare-minimum example of the form a <code class="literal">[<em class="replaceable"><code>repository</code></em>]</code> section takes:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html
index f3c3324..b5404d6 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html" title="22.6. Persistent Module Loading" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html" title="22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Persistent_Module_Loading.html"
><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities">22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
This section explains how to enable specific kernel capabilities using various kernel modules.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</h3></div></div></div><a id="id679007" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Multiple_Ethernet_Cards">22.7.1. Using Multiple Ethernet Cards</h3></div></div></div><a id="id739709" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is possible to use multiple Ethernet cards on a single machine. For each card there must be an <code class="command">alias</code> and, possibly, <code class="command">options</code> lines for each card in a user-created <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em>.conf</code> file in the <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.d/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
For additional information about using multiple Ethernet cards, refer to the <em class="citetitle">Linux Ethernet-HOWTO</em> online at <a href="http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html">http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html</a>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Unloading_a_Module.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Unloading_a_Module.html
index b66af6b..b5070ec 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Unloading_a_Module.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Unloading_a_Module.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html" title="22.3. Loading a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html" title="22.5. Setting Module Parameters" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong
></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id618142" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id618154" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id610926" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html" title="Chapter 22. Working with Kernel Modules" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html" title="22.3. Loading a Module" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html" title="22.5. Setting Module Parameters" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong
></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Unloading_a_Module">22.4. Unloading a Module</h2></div></div></div><a id="id737755" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737120" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id737140" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can unload a kernel module by running <code class="command">modprobe -r <em class="replaceable"><code>module_name</code></em> </code> as <code class="systemitem">root</code>. For example, assuming that the <code class="systemitem">wacom</code> module is already loaded into the kernel, you can unload it by running:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">modprobe -r wacom</code>
</pre><div class="para">
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-ohci.ko
rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-core.ko
rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko</pre><div class="para">
The output shows that modules are unloaded in the reverse order that they are loaded, given that no processes depend on any of the modules being unloaded.
- </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id590297" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id658298" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Do_not_use_rmmod_directly"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use rmmod directly!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><a id="id740257" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id740277" class="indexterm"></a><div class="important" id="important-Do_not_use_rmmod_directly"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use rmmod directly!</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Although the <code class="command">rmmod</code> command can be used to unload kernel modules, it is recommended to use <code class="command">modprobe -r</code> instead.
</div></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Loading_a_Module.html"><strong>Prev</strong>22.3. Loading a Module</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Setting_Module_Parameters.html"><strong>Next</strong>22.5. Setting Module Parameters</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html
index 5819efe..a470c39 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html" title="5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-PackageKit.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey=
"n" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</h2></div></div></div><a id="id588682" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id588693" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-PackageKit.html" title="Chapter 5. PackageKit" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html" title="5.2.2. Finding Packages with Filters" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-PackageKit.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey=
"n" href="sec-Finding_Packages_with_Filters.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software">5.2. Using Add/Remove Software</h2></div></div></div><a id="id662504" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id662516" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>'s <span class="application"><strong>Software Update</strong></span> GUI window is a separate application from its <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> application, although the two have intuitively similar interfaces. To find and install a new package, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu, or run the <code class="command">gpk-application</code> command at the shell prompt.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Graphical_Package_Management-add_remove_software"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/add-remove-software.png" alt="PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Viewing PackageKit's Add/Remove Software window
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html
index e9b3865..d4a78e0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html" title="22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html" title="22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html" title="22.8. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" h
ref="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id607992" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id608008" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id491138" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id491150" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id491162" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html" title="22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html" title="22.7. Specific Kernel Module Capabilities" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html" title="22.8. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" h
ref="sec-Specific_Kernel_Module_Capabilities.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding">22.7.2. Using Channel Bonding</h3></div></div></div><a id="id636718" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id636734" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id636746" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id528737" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id528749" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Fedora allows administrators to bind NICs together into a single channel using the <code class="filename">bonding</code> kernel module and a special network interface, called a <em class="firstterm">channel bonding interface</em>. Channel bonding enables two or more network interfaces to act as one, simultaneously increasing the bandwidth and providing redundancy.
- </div><a id="id623211" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id623223" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><a id="id700307" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id700319" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To channel bond multiple network interfaces, the administrator must perform the following steps:
</div><div class="orderedlist"><ol><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, create a new file named <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>bonding</code></em>.conf</code> in the <code class="filename">/etc/modprobe.d/</code> directory. Note that you can name this file anything you like as long as it ends with a <code class="filename">.conf</code> extension. Insert the following line in this new file:
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
Configure a channel bonding interface as outlined in <a class="xref" href="s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan.html">Section 6.2.2, “Channel Bonding Interfaces”</a>.
</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
To enhance performance, adjust available module options to ascertain what combination works best. Pay particular attention to the <code class="command">miimon</code> or <code class="command">arp_interval</code> and the <code class="command">arp_ip_target</code> parameters. Refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Using_Channel_Bonding.html#s3-modules-bonding-directives">Section 22.7.2.1, “Bonding Module Directives”</a> for a list of available options and how to quickly determine the best ones for your bonded interface.
- </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives">22.7.2.1. Bonding Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id606520" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id505514" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id505529" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><div class="section" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="s3-modules-bonding-directives">22.7.2.1. Bonding Module Directives</h4></div></div></div><a id="id606890" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id728891" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id728907" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
It is a good idea to test which channel bonding module parameters work best for your bonded interfaces before adding them to the <em class="parameter"><code>BONDING_OPTS="<em class="replaceable"><code>bonding parameters</code></em>"</code></em> directive in your bonding interface configuration file (<code class="filename">ifcfg-bond0</code> for example). Parameters to bonded interfaces can be configured without unloading (and reloading) the bonding module by manipulating files in the <code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> file system.
</div><div class="para">
<code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> is a virtual file system that represents kernel objects as directories, files and symbolic links. <code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> can be used to query for information about kernel objects, and can also manipulate those objects through the use of normal file system commands. The <code class="systemitem">sysfs</code> virtual file system has a line in <code class="filename">/etc/fstab</code>, and is mounted under the <code class="filename">/sys/</code> directory. All bonding interfaces can be configured dynamically by interacting with and manipulating files under the <code class="filename">/sys/class/net/</code> directory.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html
index ffd081c..a429f34 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Using_Yum_Variables.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html" title="4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html" title="4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" hr
ef="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</h3></div></div></div><a id="id633001" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories.html" title="4.3. Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html" title="4.3.2. Setting [repository] Options" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html" title="4.3.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" hr
ef="sec-Setting_repository_Options.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Viewing_the_Current_Configuration.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Using_Yum_Variables">4.3.3. Using Yum Variables</h3></div></div></div><a id="id618510" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use and reference the following built-in variables in <code class="command">yum</code> commands and in all Yum configuration files (that is, <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> and all <code class="filename">.repo</code> files in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.repos.d/</code> directory):
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><code class="varname">$releasever</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
You can use this variable to reference the release version of Fedora. Yum obtains the value of <code class="varname">$releasever</code> from the <code class="literal">distroverpkg=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code> line in the <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code> configuration file. If there is no such line in <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>, then <code class="command">yum</code> infers the correct value by deriving the version number from the <span class="package">redhat-release</span> package.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html
index 71d8732..a88af2c 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html" title="21.4. Performing the Upgrade" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html"><strong>
Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</h2></div></div></div><a id="id596950" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Manually_Upgrading_the_Kernel.html" title="Chapter 21. Manually Upgrading the Kernel" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html" title="21.4. Performing the Upgrade" /><link rel="next" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html" title="21.6. Verifying the Boot Loader" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-kernel-perform-upgrade.html"><strong>
Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image">21.5. Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image</h2></div></div></div><a id="id689780" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
The job of the initial RAM disk image is to preload the block device modules, such as for IDE, SCSI or RAID, so that the root file system, on which those modules normally reside, can then be accessed and mounted. On Fedora 16 systems, whenever a new kernel is installed using either the <span class="application"><strong>Yum</strong></span>, <span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span>, or <span class="application"><strong>RPM</strong></span> package manager, the <span class="application"><strong>Dracut</strong></span> utility is always called by the installation scripts to create an <em class="firstterm">initramfs</em> (initial RAM disk image).
</div><div class="para">
On all architectures other than IBM eServer System i (see <a class="xref" href="sec-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image.html#bh-Verifying_the_Initial_RAM_Disk_Image_and_Kernel_on_IBM_eServer_System_i">Section 21.5, “ Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i ”</a>), you can create an <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> by running the <code class="command">dracut</code> command. However, you usually don't need to create an <code class="systemitem">initramfs</code> manually: this step is automatically performed if the kernel and its associated packages are installed or upgraded from RPM packages distributed by The Fedora Project.
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Oct 11 20:36 etc -> run/initramfs/etc
Refer to <code class="command">man dracut</code> and <code class="command">man dracut.conf</code> for more information on options and usage.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Examine the <code class="filename">grub.cfg</code> configuration file in the <code class="filename">/boot/grub2/</code> directory to ensure that an <code class="computeroutput">initrd <code class="filename">initramfs-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em>.img</code></code> exists for the kernel version you are booting. Refer to <a class="xref" href="s1-kernel-boot-loader.html">Section 21.6, “Verifying the Boot Loader”</a> for more information.
- </div></li></ol></div><h3> Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i </h3><a id="id487147" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ol></div><h3> Verifying the Initial RAM Disk Image and Kernel on IBM eServer System i </h3><a id="id559591" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
On IBM eServer System i machines, the initial RAM disk and kernel files are combined into a single file, which is created with the <code class="command">addRamDisk</code> command. This step is performed automatically if the kernel and its associated packages are installed or upgraded from the RPM packages distributed by The Fedora Project; thus, it does not need to be executed manually. To verify that it was created, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code> to make sure the <code class="filename">/boot/vmlinitrd-<em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em></code> file already exists:
</div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ls -l /boot</code></pre><div class="para">
The <em class="replaceable"><code>kernel_version</code></em> should match the version of the kernel just installed.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html
index ae2259b..ed5d676 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log.html
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
</script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Using_Add_Remove_Software.html" title="5.2. Using Add/Remove Software" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Installing_and_Removing_Package_Groups.html" title="5.2.4. Installing and Removing Package Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html" title="5.3. PackageKit Architecture" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Installing_and
_Removing_Package_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-PackageKit_Architecture.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Viewing_the_Transaction_Log">5.2.5. Viewing the Transaction Log</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
<span class="application"><strong>PackageKit</strong></span> maintains a log of the transactions
- <a id="id473354" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id473366" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id650199" class="indexterm"></a>
+ <a id="id650211" class="indexterm"></a>
that it performs. To view the log, from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Add/Remove Software</strong></span> window, click <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Software Log</strong></span>, or run the <code class="command">gpk-log</code> command at the shell prompt.
</div><div class="para">
The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Software Log Viewer</strong></span> shows the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Action</strong></span>, such as <code class="literal">Updated Packages</code> or <code class="literal">Installed Packages</code>, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Date</strong></span> on which that action was performed, the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Username</strong></span> of the user who performed the action, and the front end <span class="guilabel"><strong>Application</strong></span> the user used (such as <code class="literal">Add/Remove Software</code>, or <code class="literal">Update System</code>). The <span class="guilabel"><strong>Details</strong></span> column provides the types of the transactions, such as <code class="literal">Updated</code>, <code class="literal">Installed</code>, or <code class="literal">Removed</code>, as well as the list of packages the transactions were performed on.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Yum_Plugins.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Yum_Plugins.html
index f127e98..e58c7d0 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Yum_Plugins.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-Yum_Plugins.html
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html" title="4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html" title="4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</h2></div></div></div><a id="id598027" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-yum.html" title="Chapter 4. Yum" /><link rel="prev" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html" title="4.3.6. Creating a Yum Repository" /><link rel="next" href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html" title="4.4.2. Installing Additional Yum Plug-ins" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sec-Creating_a_Yum_Repository.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li
><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sec-Installing_More_Yum_Plugins.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sec-Yum_Plugins">4.4. Yum Plug-ins</h2></div></div></div><a id="id552179" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Yum provides plug-ins that extend and enhance its operations. Certain plug-ins are installed by default. Yum always informs you which plug-ins, if any, are loaded and active whenever you call any <code class="command">yum</code> command. For example:
</div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">yum info yum</code>
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
<em class="lineannotation"><span class="lineannotation">[output truncated]</span></em></pre><div class="para">
Note that the plug-in names which follow <code class="command">Loaded plugins</code> are the names you can provide to the <code class="option">--disableplugins=<em class="replaceable"><code>plugin_name</code></em></code> option.
- </div><div class="section" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</h3></div></div></div><a id="id598082" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id598094" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id598106" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-Enabling_Configuring_and_Disabling_Yum_Plugins">4.4.1. Enabling, Configuring, and Disabling Yum Plug-ins</h3></div></div></div><a id="id552233" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id552245" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id552257" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
To enable Yum plug-ins, ensure that a line beginning with <code class="command">plugins=</code> is present in the <code class="literal">[main]</code> section of <code class="filename">/etc/yum.conf</code>, and that its value is set to <code class="literal">1</code>:
</div><pre class="programlisting">plugins=1</pre><div class="para">
You can disable all plug-ins by changing this line to <code class="command">plugins=0</code>.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html
index e2808f7..a633915 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html" title="15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html" title="15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id605941" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_HTTPS_Printer"><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sec-Printer_Configuration.html" title="15.3. Printer Configuration" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html" title="15.3.5. Adding an IPP Printer" /><link rel="next" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html" title="15.3.7. Adding a Samba (SMB) printer" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-printing-ipp-printer.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a><
/li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-printing-smb-printer.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sec-printing-LPDLPR-printer">15.3.6. Adding an LPD/LPR Host or Printer</h3></div></div></div><a id="id783287" class="indexterm"></a><div class="procedure" id="proc-Adding_HTTPS_Printer"><div class="para">
Follow this procedure to add an LPD/LPR host or printer:
</div><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
Open the <code class="systemitem">New Printer</code> dialog (refer to <a class="xref" href="sec-Setting_Printer.html">Section 15.3.2, “Starting Printer Setup”</a>).
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html
index 3c000a3..d89774a 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html" title="10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html" title="10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id635597" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-DHCP_Servers.html" title="Chapter 10. DHCP Servers" /><link rel="prev" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html" title="10.3. Configuring a DHCP Client" /><link rel="next" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html" title="10.5. DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6)" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="s1-dhcp-configuring-client.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li clas
s="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-dhcp_for_ipv6_dhcpv6.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_a_Multihomed_DHCP_Server">10.4. Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server</h2></div></div></div><a id="id693644" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
A multihomed DHCP server serves multiple networks, that is, multiple subnets. The examples in these sections detail how to configure a DHCP server to serve multiple networks, select which network interfaces to listen on, and how to define network settings for systems that move networks.
</div><div class="para">
Before making any changes, back up the existing <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code> files.
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ dhcpd: Not configured to listen on any interfaces!</pre></dd><dt class="varliste
For further information, refer to the <code class="computeroutput">dhcpd.conf(5)</code> man page.
</div><div class="warning"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Do not use alias interfaces</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Alias interfaces are not supported by DHCP. If an alias interface is the only interface, in the only subnet specified in <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code>, the DHCP daemon fails to start.
- </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id498487" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div></div><div class="section" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-dns_Host_Configuration">10.4.1. Host Configuration</h3></div></div></div><a id="id569068" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
Before making any changes, back up the existing <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code> files.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id498512">Configuring a single system for multiple networks</h5>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id606620">Configuring a single system for multiple networks</h5>
The following <code class="filename">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</code> example creates two subnets, and configures an IP address for the same system, depending on which network it connects to:
</div><pre class="programlisting">default-lease-time <em class="replaceable"><code>600</code></em>;
max-lease-time <em class="replaceable"><code>7200</code></em>;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ dhcpd: ^
dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 38: unexpected end of file
dhcpd:
dhcpd: ^
-dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id584555">Configuring systems with multiple network interfaces</h5>
+dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting</pre><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id590943">Configuring systems with multiple network interfaces</h5>
The following <code class="computeroutput">host</code> declarations configure a single system, that has multiple network interfaces, so that each interface receives the same IP address. This configuration will not work if both network interfaces are connected to the same network at the same time:
</div><pre class="programlisting">host interface0 {
hardware ethernet 00:1a:6b:6a:2e:0b;
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.3. Additional Resources</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html" title="Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html" title="2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav
"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources">2.3. Additional Resources</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ For more information about the date and time configuration, refer to the following resources.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources-Installed_Documentation">2.3.1. Installed Documentation</h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ <code class="literal">date</code>(1) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>date</strong></span> utility.
+ </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ <code class="literal">ntpdate</code>(8) — The manual page for the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> utility.
+ </div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
+ <code class="literal">ntpd</code>(8) — The manual page for the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> service.
+ </div></li></ul></div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html" title="2.2. Using the Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html" title="2.2.2. Changing the Time" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html" title="2.3. Additional Resources" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"
><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol">2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</h3></div></div></div><a id="id590663" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590675" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590683" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590697" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ As opposed to the manual setup described above, you can also synchronize the system clock with a remote server over the Network Time Protocol (<acronym class="acronym">NTP</acronym>). For the one-time synchronization only, use the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> command:
+ </div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ Check whether the selected NTP server is accessible by using the <code class="command">ntpdate</code> command in the following form:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ntpdate -q <em class="replaceable"><code>server_address</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ For example, to connect to <code class="systemitem">0.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>, type:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]$ <code class="command">ntpdate -q 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>
+server 204.15.208.61, stratum 2, offset -39.275438, delay 0.16083
+server 69.65.40.29, stratum 2, offset -39.269122, delay 0.17191
+server 148.167.132.201, stratum 2, offset -39.270239, delay 0.20482
+17 Oct 17:41:09 ntpdate[10619]: step time server 204.15.208.61 offset -39.275438 sec</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ When you find a satisfactory server, as <code class="systemitem">root</code>, run the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> command followed with one or more server addresses:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">ntpdate <em class="replaceable"><code>server_address…</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ For instance:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">ntpdate 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org 1.fedora.pool.ntp.org</code>
+17 Oct 17:42:13 ntpdate[10669]: step time server 204.15.208.61 offset -39.275436 sec</pre><div class="para">
+ Unless an error message is displayed, the system time is now set. You can verify the current time by running the <code class="command">date</code> command with no additional arguments.
+ </div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ In most cases, these steps are sufficient. Only if you really need one or more system services to always use the correct time, enable running the <span class="application"><strong>ntpdate</strong></span> at boot time by running the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable ntpdate.service</code></pre><div class="para">
+ For more information about system services and their setup, refer to <a class="xref" href="ch-Services_and_Daemons.html">Chapter 7, <em>Services and Daemons</em></a>.
+ </div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Note</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ If the synchronization with the time server at boot time keeps failing, that is, you find a relevant error message in the <code class="filename">/var/log/boot.log</code> system log, try to add the following line to <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network</code>:
+ </div><pre class="screen">NETWORKWAIT=1</pre></div></div></li></ol></div><a id="id597474" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597486" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597494" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id597508" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ However, the more convenient way is to set the <code class="systemitem">ntpd</code> daemon to synchronize the time at boot time automatically:
+ </div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ As <code class="systemitem">root</code>, open the NTP configuration file <code class="filename">/etc/ntp.conf</code> in a text editor, creating a new one if it does not already exist.
+ </div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ Add or edit the list of public NTP servers. If you are using Fedora 16, the file should already contain the following lines, but feel free to change or expand these according to your needs:
+ </div><pre class="screen">server 0.fedora.pool.ntp.org iburst
+server 1.fedora.pool.ntp.org iburst
+server 2.fedora.pool.ntp.org iburst</pre><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Speeding up initial synchronization</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
+ To speed the initial synchronization up, it is recommended that the <code class="command">iburst</code> directive is added at the end of each server line.
+ </div></div></div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ In the same file, set the proper permissions, giving the unrestricted access to localhost only:
+ </div><pre class="screen">restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
+restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
+restrict 127.0.0.1
+restrict -6 ::1</pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ Save the changes, exit the editor, and restart the NTP daemon:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl restart ntpd.service</code></pre></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
+ Additionally, make sure that <code class="command">ntpd</code> daemon is started at boot time:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">systemctl enable ntpd.service</code></pre></li></ol></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Additional_Resources.html"><strong>Next</strong>2.3. Additional Resources</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.2.2. Changing the Time</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html" title="2.2. Using the Command Line Tools" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html" title="2.2. Using the Command Line Tools" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html" title="2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" al
t="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time">2.2.2. Changing the Time</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ To change the current time, run the following command as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%T -s <em class="replaceable"><code>HH:MM:SS</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ …where <em class="replaceable"><code>HH</code></em> stands for an hour, <em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em> is a minute, and <em class="replaceable"><code>SS</code></em> is a second, all typed in a two-digit form. If your system clock is set to use <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym> (Coordinated Universal Time), also add the following option:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%T -s <em class="replaceable"><code>HH:MM:SS</code></em> -u</code></pre><div class="para">
+ For instance, to set the system clock to 11:26 PM using the <acronym class="acronym">UTC</acronym>, type:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">date +%T -s 23:26:00 -u</code></pre><div class="para">
+ You can verify the current settings by running <code class="command">date</code> without any additional argument.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration.html"><strong>Prev</strong>2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Network_Time_Protocol.html"><strong>Next</strong>2.2.3. Configuring the Network Time Protocol</a></li></ul></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html" title="Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html" title="Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html" title="2.2.2. Changing the Time" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a acc
esskey="p" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration">2.2. Using the Command Line Tools</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Fedora 16 provides command line tools that allow you to configure the date and time both manually and using the NTP protocol.
+ </div><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Date">2.2.1. Changing the Date</h3></div></div></div><a id="id585444" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id585452" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the system date, type the following at a shell prompt as <code class="systemitem">root</code>:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="command">date +%D -s <em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY-MM-DD</code></em></code></pre><div class="para">
+ …where <em class="replaceable"><code>YYYY</code></em> is a four-digit year, <em class="replaceable"><code>MM</code></em> is a two-digit month, and <em class="replaceable"><code>DD</code></em> is a two-digit day of the month. For example, to change the date to 2 June 2010, type:
+ </div><pre class="screen">~]# <code class="command">date +%D -s 2010-06-02</code></pre><div class="para">
+ You can verify the current settings by running <code class="command">date</code> without any additional argument.
+ </div></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time-Command_Line_Configuration-Time.html"><strong>Next</strong>2.2.2. Changing the Time</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html" title="Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html" title="Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html" title="1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><l
i class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats">1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</h2></div></div></div><a id="id602429" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To change the default date, time, number, and currency format, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Formats</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a short list of available formats.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-formats.png" alt="Changing the date, time, and numeric format" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Changing the date, time, and numeric format
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.3. Changing the date, time, and numeric format</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ By default, this list only contains a few of the available formats. To add another format, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to select the desired format according to a region. The input field at the bottom part of the dialog window allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by typing first few letters of the region name in it (for example, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for Slovakia). Once you select a region, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Select</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-formats-add.png" alt="Adding a format" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Adding a format
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.4. Adding a format</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ To choose a particular format from the list, click its name to select it. The changes will take effect the next time you log in to the system.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html"><strong>Next</strong>1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html" title="Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html" title="1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html" title="1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul clas
s="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts">1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</h2></div></div></div><a id="id486073" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id486087" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ Although the installation program allows a system administrator to configure a keyboard layout during the system installation, the default settings may not always suit your current needs. To change the default keyboard layout, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Layouts</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a list of currently enabled layouts.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts.png" alt="Changing the keyboard layout" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Changing the keyboard layout
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.5. Changing the keyboard layout</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ To add a layout to the list, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> (the plus sign) button below the list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to select the desired keyboard layout. The input field at the bottom part of the dialog window allows you to reduce the number of displayed items by typing first few letters of the layout name in it (for example, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">slov</span>”</span> for a Slovak layout). Once you select a layout, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Add</strong></span> button to confirm your choice.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts-Add"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts-add.png" alt="Adding a keyboard layout" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Adding a keyboard layout
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.6. Adding a keyboard layout</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
+ The first layout in the list is always considered the default. To move a particular layout up or down in the list, select it and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>∧</strong></span> (the upwards arrow) or <span class="guibutton"><strong>∨</strong></span> (the downwards arrow) buttons respectively. To remove a layout, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> (that is, the minus sign) button. Additionally, by selecting an option button on the right side of the window, you can choose if you want to use different keyboard layouts for individual windows, or a single layout for all windows.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ When more than one layout is enabled, a keyboard indicator appears on the panel in order to allow you to switch between the layouts.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-keyboard-layouts-indicator"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-layouts-indicator.png" alt="The keyboard layout indicator" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ The keyboard layout indicator
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.7. The keyboard layout indicator</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Formats.html"><strong>Prev</strong>1.2. Changing the Date, Time, and Numeric Format</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System.html"><strong>Next</strong>1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html" title="Chapter 1. Configuring the Language and Keyboard" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html" title="1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout" /><link rel="next" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html" title="Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previou
s"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System">1.4. Viewing the Current Configuration</h2></div></div></div><a id="id502138" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To view the current configuration, select the <span class="guilabel"><strong>System</strong></span> tab of the <span class="application"><strong>Region and Language</strong></span> application. You will be presented with a comparison of your own configuration and system-wide settings.
+ </div><div class="figure" id="fig-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-System"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/region-and-language-system.png" alt="Viewing the current configuration" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
+ Viewing the current configuration
+ </div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 1.8. Viewing the current configuration</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard-Layouts.html"><strong>Prev</strong>1.3. Changing the Keyboard Layout</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html"><strong>Next</strong>Chapter 2. Configuring the Date and Time</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html" title="Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html" title="A.2. System Requirements" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html" title="A.4. Notes for Administrators" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a acce
sskey="p" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling">A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ To disable the consistent network device naming on Dell systems that would normally have it on by default, pass the following option on the boot command line, both during and after installation:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="option">biosdevname=0</code></pre><div class="para">
+ To enable this feature on other system types that meet the minimum requirements (see <a class="xref" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html">Section A.2, “System Requirements”</a>), pass the following option on the boot command line, both during and after installation:
+ </div><pre class="screen"><code class="option">biosdevname=1</code></pre><div class="para">
+ Unless the system meets the minimum requirements, this option will be ignored and the system will boot with the traditional network interface name format.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ If the <code class="option">biosdevname</code> install option is specified, it must remain as a boot option for the lifetime of the system.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.2. System Requirements</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.4. Notes for Administrators</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes.html
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>A.4. Notes for Administrators</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
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+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html" title="Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html" title="A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature" /><link rel="next" href="ch-RPM.html" title="Appendix B. RPM" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Consistent_
Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Notes">A.4. Notes for Administrators</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ Many system customization files can include network interface names, and thus will require updates if moving a system from the old convention to the new convention. If you use the new naming convention, you will also need to update network interface names in areas such as custom iptables rules, scripts altering irqbalance, and other similar configuration files. Also, enabling this change for installation will require modification to existing kickstart files that use device names via the <code class="option">ksdevice</code> parameter; these kickstart files will need to be updated to use the network device's MAC address or the network device's new name.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ The Fedora Project strongly recommends that you consider this feature to be an install-time choice; enabling or disabling the feature post-install, while technically possible, can be complicated and is not recommended. For those system administrators who wish to do so, on a system that meets the minimum requirements, remove the <code class="filename">/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</code> file and the <code class="option">HWADDR</code> lines from all <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*</code> files. In addition, rename those <code class="filename">ifcfg-*</code> files to use this new naming convention. The new names will be in effect after reboot. Remember to update any custom scripts, iptables rules, and service configuration files that might include network interface names.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html"><strong>Prev</strong>A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="ch-RPM.html"><strong>Next</strong>Appendix B. RPM</a></li></ul></body></html>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>A.2. System Requirements</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Common_Content/css/default.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="Common_Content/css/print.css" type="text/css" /><meta name="generator" content="publican 2.8" /><meta name="package" content="Fedora_Draft_Documentation-Deployment_Guide-0.1-en-US-16.0.1-0" /><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../../toc.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation');
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+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1');
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+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
+ addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html" title="Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming" /><link rel="prev" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html" title="Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html" title="A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav">
<li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-System_Requirements">A.2. System Requirements</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ The <span class="application"><strong>biosdevname</strong></span> program uses information from the system's BIOS, specifically the <span class="emphasis"><em>type 9</em></span> (System Slot) and <span class="emphasis"><em>type 41</em></span> (Onboard Devices Extended Information) fields contained within the SMBIOS. If the system's BIOS does not have SMBIOS version 2.6 or higher and this data, the new naming convention will not be used. Most older hardware does not support this feature because of a lack of BIOSes with the correct SMBIOS version and field information. For BIOS or SMBIOS version information, contact your hardware vendor.
+ </div><div class="para">
+ For this feature to take effect, the <span class="package">biosdevname</span> package must also be installed. The <span class="package">biosdevname</span> package is part of the <code class="literal">base</code> package group in Fedora 16. All install options, except for <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Minimal Install</strong></span>, include this package.
+ </div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Appendix A. Consistent Network Device Naming</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming-Enabling_and_Disabling.html"><strong>Next</strong>A.3. Enabling and Disabling the Feature</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html
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--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html" title="3.2.3. Removing a User" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a acc
esskey="p" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id547799" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To add a new user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> button (that is, the plus sign) below the account list. A dialog box as shown in <a class="xref" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html#fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_an_Account">Figure 3.3, “Creating a new account”</a> will appear.
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html" title="3.2.3. Removing a User" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a acc
esskey="p" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User">3.2.2. Adding a New User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id580002" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To add a new user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>+</strong></span> button (that is, the plus sign) below the account list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to supply user details.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_an_Account"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts-create.png" alt="Creating a new account" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Creating a new account
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.3. Creating a new account</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- Take the followign steps to create an account:
+ Take the following steps to create an account:
</div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step"><div class="para">
- Select an account type from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> drop-down list. Available account types are <code class="option">Administrator</code> and <code class="option">Standard</code> (the default option).
+ Select an account type from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> pulldown list. Available account types are <code class="option">Administrator</code> and <code class="option">Standard</code> (the default option).
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Fill in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Full name</strong></span> input field to set the name associated with the account. This name will be used by the login manager, and will be displayed on the panel.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
- Either select a suggested username from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Username</strong></span> drop-down list, or fill in the corresponding input field.
+ Either select a suggested username from the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Username</strong></span> pulldown list, or fill in the corresponding input field.
</div></li><li class="step"><div class="para">
Click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Create</strong></span> button to confirm the settings.
</div></li></ol></div><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html
index c572a30..cda0868 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
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- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html" title="3.2.2. Adding a New User" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Ma
naging_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id547952" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- To remove a user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, select the desired account from the account list, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> button (that is, the minus sign) below the account list. A dialog box as shown in <a class="xref" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User.html#fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_an_Account">Figure 3.4, “Removing an account”</a> will appear.
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html" title="3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html" title="3.2.2. Adding a New User" /><link rel="next" href="s1-users-configui.html" title="3.3. Using the User Manager Tool" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-Ma
naging_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="s1-users-configui.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_a_User">3.2.3. Removing a User</h3></div></div></div><a id="id580151" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ To remove a user, make sure the configuration tool is unlocked, select the desired account from the account list, and click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>−</strong></span> button (that is, the minus sign) below the account list. A dialog window appears, allowing you to confirm or cancel the change.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Removing_an_Account"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts-remove.png" alt="Removing an account" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Removing an account
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.4. Removing an account</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html
index 9273f79..0c17826 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts.html
@@ -7,24 +7,22 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html" title="3.2.2. Adding a New User" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-
Managing_Users_and_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id590890" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590902" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id590914" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
- The <span class="application"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> configuration tool allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users. To run the utility, either select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenu"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> icon, or click your name on the panel and choose <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>My Account</strong></span> from the drop-down menu.
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="prev" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html" title="Chapter 3. Managing Users and Groups" /><link rel="next" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html" title="3.2.2. Adding a New User" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="ch-
Managing_Users_and_Groups.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Adding_a_New_User.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts">3.2. Using the User Accounts Tool</h2></div></div></div><a id="id596194" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596206" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id596218" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ The <span class="application"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> configuration tool allows you to view, modify, add, and delete local users. To run the tool, select <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications</strong></span> → <span class="guisubmenu"><strong>System Tools</strong></span> → <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>System Settings</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Activities</strong></span> menu and click the <span class="guimenu"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> icon.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts.png" alt="The User Accounts configuration tool" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
The User Accounts configuration tool
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.1. The User Accounts configuration tool</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="para">
- The main window of the <span class="application"><strong>User Accounts</strong></span> configuration tool is divided into two parts: The left side of the window contains a list of available user accounts. The right side provides details on a particular account.
- </div><div class="para">
- By default, the tool only allows you to change certain settings regarding your account. This is because only <code class="systemitem">root</code> is allowed to configure users and groups. To unlock the configuration tool for all kinds of changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the bottom-left corner of the window, and provide the root password when prompted.
+ By default, the tool only allows you to change certain settings regarding your account. This is because only the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user is allowed to configure users and groups. To unlock the configuration tool for all kinds of changes, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Unlock</strong></span> button in the top-right corner of the window, and provide the correct password when prompted.
</div><div class="section" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Configuring_an_Account">3.2.1. Configuring an Account</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
- To change the image associated with an account, click the icon next to the account name and either select a picture from the drop-down list, or click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Browse for more pictures...</strong></span> to use an image from your local drive.
+ To change the image associated with an account, click the icon next to the account name and either select a picture from the pulldown list, or click <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Browse for more pictures...</strong></span> to use an image from your local drive.
</div><div class="para">
To change the name associated with an account, click the name next to the icon to edit it.
</div><div class="para">
- To change the account type, use the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> drop-down list. However, this change requires the configuration tool to be unlocked even if it is your account.
+ To change the account type, click the text next to the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Account type</strong></span> label. Note that this change requires the configuration tool to be unlocked even if you are changing your own account.
</div><div class="para">
- To change the default language for an account, click the button next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> label, and select the desired language from the list.
+ To change the default language for an account, click the text next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Language</strong></span> label and select a language from the list.
</div><div class="para">
- To change the password, click the button next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Password</strong></span> label. A dialog box will appear, allowing you to set the new password. Note that the current password must be provided in order to confirm the change. Once done, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Change</strong></span> button to save the change.
+ To change the password, click the field next to the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Password</strong></span> label. A dialog box appears, allowing you to set the new password. Note that the current password must be provided in order to confirm the change. Once done, click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Change</strong></span> button to save the change.
</div><div class="figure" id="fig-Managing_Users_and_Groups-User_Accounts-Changing_Password"><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/user-accounts-password-change.png" alt="Changing the password" /><div class="longdesc"><div class="para">
Changing the password
</div></div></div></div><h6>Figure 3.2. Changing the password</h6></div><br class="figure-break" /><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Password security advice</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html
index bd7ef96..27d3d9e 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Book_Organization.html
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
</div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="part-Basic_System_Configuration.html">Part I, “Basic System Configuration”</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This part covers basic system administration tasks such as keyboard configuration, date and time configuration, and managing users and groups.
</div><div class="para">
- <a class="xref" href="ch-Language_and_Keyboard_Configuration.html">Chapter 1, <em>Language and Keyboard Configuration</em></a> covers basic language and keyboard setup. Read this chapter if you need to configure the language of your desktop, change the keyboard layout, or add the keyboard layout indicator to the panel.
+ <a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_the_Language_and_Keyboard.html">Chapter 1, <em>Configuring the Language and Keyboard</em></a> covers basic language and keyboard setup. Read this chapter if you need to configure the language of your desktop, change the keyboard layout, or add the keyboard layout indicator to the panel.
</div><div class="para">
- <a class="xref" href="ch-Date_and_Time_Configuration.html">Chapter 2, <em>Date and Time Configuration</em></a> covers the configuration of the system date and time. Read this chapter if you need to change the date and time setup, or configure the system to synchronize the clock with a remote Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
+ <a class="xref" href="ch-Configuring_the_Date_and_Time.html">Chapter 2, <em>Configuring the Date and Time</em></a> covers the configuration of the system date and time. Read this chapter if you need to change the date and time setup, or configure the system to synchronize the clock with a remote Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="ch-Managing_Users_and_Groups.html">Chapter 3, <em>Managing Users and Groups</em></a> covers the management of users and groups in a graphical user interface and on the command line. Read this chapter if you need to manage users and groups on your system, or enable password aging.
</div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="part-Package_Management.html">Part II, “Package Management”</a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
@@ -69,12 +69,14 @@
<a class="xref" href="ch-Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html">Chapter 22, <em>Working with Kernel Modules</em></a> explains how to display, query, load, and unload kernel modules and their dependencies, and how to set module parameters. Additionally, it covers specific kernel module capabilities such as using multiple Ethernet cards and using channel bonding. Read this chapter if you need to work with kernel modules.
</div><div class="para">
<a class="xref" href="ch-kdump.html">Chapter 23, <em>The kdump Crash Recovery Service</em></a> explains how to configure, test, and use the <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> service in Fedora, and provides a brief overview of how to analyze the resulting core dump using the <span class="application"><strong>crash</strong></span> debugging utility. Read this chapter to learn how to enable <code class="systemitem">kdump</code> on your system.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-RPM.html">Appendix A, <em>RPM</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="appe-Consistent_Network_Device_Naming.html">Appendix A, <em>Consistent Network Device Naming</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ This appendix covers consistent network device naming for network interfaces, a feature that changes the name of network interfaces on a system in order to make locating and differentiating the interfaces easier. Read this appendix to learn more about this feature and how to enable or disable it.
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-RPM.html">Appendix B, <em>RPM</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix concentrates on the RPM Package Manager (RPM), an open packaging system used by Fedora, and the use of the <code class="command">rpm</code> utility. Read this appendix if you need to use <code class="command">rpm</code> instead of <code class="command">yum</code>.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">Appendix B, <em>The X Window System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-The_X_Window_System.html">Appendix C, <em>The X Window System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix covers the configuration of the X Window System, the graphical environment used by Fedora. Read this appendix if you need to adjust the configuration of your X Window System.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html">Appendix C, <em>The sysconfig Directory</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-The_sysconfig_Directory.html">Appendix D, <em>The sysconfig Directory</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix outlines some of the files and directories located in the <code class="filename">/etc/sysconfig/</code> directory. Read this appendix if you want to learn more about these files and directories, their function, and their contents.
- </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-proc.html">Appendix D, <em>The proc File System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
+ </div></dd><dt class="varlistentry"><span class="term"><a class="xref" href="ch-proc.html">Appendix E, <em>The proc File System</em></a></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
This appendix explains the concept of a virtual file system, and describes some of the top-level files and directories within the <code class="systemitem">proc</code> file system (that is, the <code class="filename">/proc/</code> directory). Read this appendix if you want to learn more about this file system.
</div></dd></dl></div></div><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01.html"><strong>Prev</strong>Preface</a></li><li class="up"><a accesskey="u" href="#"><strong>Up</strong></a></li><li class="home"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><strong>Home</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pr01s03.html"><strong>Next</strong>3. Document Conventions</a></li></ul></body></html>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Feedback.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Feedback.html
index a7807cd..65fb397 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Feedback.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-Preface-Feedback.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /><link rel="next" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Next</strong></a
></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Preface-Feedback" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Preface-Feedback">4. Feedback</h2></div></div></div><a id="id475729" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="pr01.html" title="Preface" /><link rel="prev" href="pr01s03s03.html" title="3.3. Notes and Warnings" /><link rel="next" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html" title="5. Acknowledgments" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="pr01s03s03.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="pref-Acknowledgments.html"><strong>Next</strong></a
></li></ul><div xml:lang="en-US" class="section" id="sect-Preface-Feedback" lang="en-US"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h2 class="title" id="sect-Preface-Feedback">4. Feedback</h2></div></div></div><a id="id623780" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in <a href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/">Bugzilla</a> against the product <span class="application"><strong>Fedora Documentation</strong></span>.
</div><div class="para">
When submitting a bug report, be sure to provide the following information:
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html
index 87a2251..19e9bde 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html" title="8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)" /><link rel="prev" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html" title="8.2.5. Configuring Domains" /><link rel="next" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html" title="8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li clas
s="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id656129" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html" title="8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)" /><link rel="prev" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html" title="8.2.5. Configuring Domains" /><link rel="next" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html" title="8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li clas
s="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication">8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication</h3></div></div></div><a id="id620973" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
In order to set up Kerberos authentication, you need to know the address of your <em class="firstterm">key distribution center</em> (KDC) and the Kerberos domain. The client configuration is then stored in the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file.
</div><div class="para">
The Kerberos 5 authentication back end does not contain an identity provider and must be paired with one in order to function properly (for example, <code class="option">id_provider = ldap</code>). Some information required by the Kerberos 5 authentication back end must be supplied by the identity provider, such as the user's <em class="firstterm">Kerberos Principal Name</em> (UPN). The identity provider configuration should contain an entry to specify this UPN. Refer to the manual page for the applicable identity provider for details on how to configure the UPN.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html
index d5e7cb1..9f9a671 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.books');
addID('Fedora_Draft_Documentation.0.1.Deployment_Guide');
- </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html" title="8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html" title="8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication" /><link rel="next" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html" title="8.2.8. Troubleshooting" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class
="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</h3></div></div></div><a id="id622196" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </script><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Deployment Guide" /><link rel="up" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction.html" title="8.2. The System Security Services Daemon (SSSD)" /><link rel="prev" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html" title="8.2.6. Setting Up Kerberos Authentication" /><link rel="next" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html" title="8.2.8. Troubleshooting" /></head><body class="draft toc_embeded "><div id="tocdiv" class="toc"><iframe id="tocframe" class="toc" src="../../../../toc.html">This is an iframe, to view it upgrade your browser or enable iframe display.</iframe></div><p id="title"><a class="left" href="http://www.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_left.png" alt="Product Site" /></a><a class="right" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org"><img src="Common_Content/images/image_right.png" alt="Documentation Site" /></a></p><ul class="docnav"><li class
="previous"><a accesskey="p" href="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Configuring_Domains-Setting_up_Kerberos_Authentication.html"><strong>Prev</strong></a></li><li class="next"><a accesskey="n" href="chap-SSSD_User_Guide-Troubleshooting.html"><strong>Next</strong></a></li></ul><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h3 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Domain_Configuration_Options-Configuring_a_Proxy_Domain">8.2.7. Configuring a Proxy Domain</h3></div></div></div><a id="id721382" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
SSSD currently only supports LDAP and Kerberos as authentication providers. If you prefer to use SSSD (for example, to take advantage of its caching functionality), but SSSD does not support your authentication method, you can set up a proxy authentication provider. This could be the case if you use fingerprint scanners or smart cards as part of your authentication process. Similarly, you can set up proxy to serve as an identity provider.
</div><div class="para">
The following sections cover combinations of identity and authentication providers in which the proxy server takes the role of one.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html
index 03d7012..e20186b 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html
+++ b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/Deployment_Guide/sect-SSSD_User_Guide-Introduction-SSSD_Features.html
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
SSSD can cache remote identities and authentication credentials. This means that you can still authenticate with these remote identities even when a machine is offline. In an SSSD system, you only need to manage one account.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Server_Load_Reduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Server_Load_Reduction">8.2.2.2. Server Load Reduction</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
The use of SSSD also helps to reduce the load on identification servers. For example, using <span class="package">nss_ldap</span>, every client application that needs to request user information opens its own connection to the LDAP server. Managing these multiple connections can lead to a heavy load on the LDAP server. In an SSSD system, only the SSSD Data Provider process actually communicates with the LDAP server, reducing the load to one connection per client system.
- </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">8.2.2.3. Support for Multiple Domains</h4></div></div></div><a id="id662508" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Support_for_Multiple_Domains">8.2.2.3. Support for Multiple Domains</h4></div></div></div><a id="id733977" class="indexterm"></a><div class="para">
You can use SSSD to specify multiple domains of the same type. Compare this to an <code class="filename">nsswitch.conf</code> file configuration, with which you can only request user information from a single server of any particular type (LDAP, NIS, etc.). With SSSD, you can create multiple domains of the same, or of different types of identity provider.
</div><div class="para">
Beginning with version 0.6.0, SSSD maintains a separate database file for each domain. This means that each domain has its own cache, and in the event that problems occur and maintenance is necessary, it is very easy to purge the cache for a single domain, by stopping <code class="systemitem">sssd</code> and deleting the corresponding cache file. These cache files are stored in the <code class="filename">/var/lib/sss/db/</code> directory.
</div><div class="para">
All cache files are named according to the domain that they represent, for example <code class="filename">cache_<em class="replaceable"><code>DOMAINNAME</code></em>.ldb</code>.
- </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id662465">Considerations Associated with Deleting Cache Files</h5><a id="id662461" class="indexterm"></a>
+ </div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id733934">Considerations Associated with Deleting Cache Files</h5><a id="id733930" class="indexterm"></a>
Deleting a domain's cache file can have some unexpected side effects. You should be aware of the following before you proceed:
</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
Deleting the cache file also deletes all user data (both identification and cached credentials). Consequently, you should not proceed unless you are online and can authenticate with your username against the domain's servers, because offline authentication will fail.
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@
If you are online and change your configuration to reference a different identity provider, SSSD will recognize users from both providers until the cached entries from the original provider time out.
</div><div class="para">
To avoid this situation, you can either purge the cache or use a different domain name for the new provider (this is the recommended practice). Changing the domain name means that when you restart SSSD it will create a new cache file (with the new name) and the old file will be ignored.
- </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id662412">8.2.2.4. Support for LDAP Referrals</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="id733882">8.2.2.4. Support for LDAP Referrals</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD supports two types of LDAP referrals: object-level referrals and subtree referrals. These referral types and the extent of SSSD support is outlined below.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id662410">8.2.2.4.1. Object-level Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id733880">8.2.2.4.1. Object-level Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD provides full support for object-level referrals within the same LDAP server, correctly handling any differences in the distinguished name (DN) that might exist as part of the LDAP server referral configuration.
</div><div class="para">
SSSD provides partial support for object-level referrals between different LDAP servers, and requires that the full DN of an LDAP request be identical on each server. SSSD does not support referrals to different DN paths on other servers.
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id662386">8.2.2.4.2. Subtree Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id733855">8.2.2.4.2. Subtree Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
SSSD provides a similar level of support for subtree referrals as it does for object-level referrals. That is, it supports referrals to a changed DN on the local system or to an identical DN on a remote system. The difference with subtree referrals, however, is the ability to set up identical subtrees on each LDAP server and to then configure referrals between these subtrees.
- </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id662393">8.2.2.4.3. Enabling LDAP Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id733862">8.2.2.4.3. Enabling LDAP Referrals</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
To take advantage of the SSSD LDAP referral functionality, you need to set the <code class="option">ldap_referrals</code> option to <code class="literal">TRUE</code> in the LDAP domain configuration section of the <code class="filename">/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file. This will enable anonymous access to the second LDAP server.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Make sure SSSD is compiled with OpenLDAP version 2.4.13 or later</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
SSSD only supports LDAP referrals when it is compiled with OpenLDAP version 2.4.13 or later.
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@
SSSD also provides a <code class="option">filter_users</code> option, which you can use to exclude certain users from being fetched from the database. Refer to the <em class="citetitle">sssd.conf(5)</em> manual page for full details about this option.
</div></div><div class="section" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Integration_with_IPA"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h4 class="title" id="sect-SSSD_User_Guide-SSSD_Features-Integration_with_IPA">8.2.2.6. Integration with IPA</h4></div></div></div><div class="para">
Beyond the offline authentication, multiple domain management and other features already described, SSSD is also designed to integrate with and enhance the functionality of IPA clients. In an environment with the latest version of IPA installed, SSSD provides additional functionality, including support for dynamic DNS updates, host-based access control, and password migration from an LDAP-only environment into the LDAP/Kerberos 5 environment employed by IPA.
- </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id664693">8.2.2.6.1. Support for Dynamic DNS Updates</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
+ </div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div keep-together.within-column="always"><h5 class="title" id="id736162">8.2.2.6.1. Support for Dynamic DNS Updates</h5></div></div></div><div class="para">
Because the IP address of IPA clients can change, SSSD provides the ability to dynamically update the client's DNS entry on the IPA server. Using a combination of Kerberos and GSS-TSIG (Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret Key Transaction), IPA can determine the identity of the host machine, authenticate it, and allow that machine to edit its own DNS record. These changes are then stored in the LDAP back end.
</div><div class="note"><div class="admonition_header"><h2>Each IPA client can only edit its own DNS record</h2></div><div class="admonition"><div class="para">
Using this authentication system means that each IPA client can only edit its own DNS record; it cannot edit the DNS record of any other client.
- </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id607303">Setting up Dynamic DNS Updates</h5>
+ </div></div></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="id690878">Setting up Dynamic DNS Updates</h5>
The SSSD configuration file provides two options used for setting up dynamic DNS updates: <code class="option">ipa_dyndns_update</code>, used to enable dynamic DNS updates; and <code class="option">ipa_dyndns_iface</code>, which specifies the interface whose IP address should be used for dynamic DNS updates.
</div><div class="para">
Refer to the <em class="citetitle">sssd-ipa</em> manual page for more information about these options, and how to configure dynamic DNS updates.
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Deployment_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Deployment_Guide-en-US.pdf b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Deployment_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Deployment_Guide-en-US.pdf
index c5d7c37..d55bfbe 100644
Binary files a/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Deployment_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Deployment_Guide-en-US.pdf and b/public_html/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/pdf/Deployment_Guide/Fedora_Draft_Documentation-0.1-Deployment_Guide-en-US.pdf differ
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora.xml
index 0745643..56d8273 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 50da5a2..83e3864 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 6da3df8..183c9ac 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 5498fae..7c52ead 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/en-US/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/en-US/opds.xml b/public_html/en-US/opds.xml
index 1696347..301e5a7 100644
--- a/public_html/en-US/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/en-US/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:19</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
index 199fe09..75e2b9b 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:21</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_15.xml b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_15.xml
index ee45f2d..6274714 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_15.xml
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_15.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/opds-Fedora_15.xml</id>
<title>Fedora 15</title>
<subtitle>Fedora 15</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:21</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index f09beab..f4b11a1 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:21</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 016ccfd..a7a20af 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 0716a86..05663f5 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/es-ES/opds.xml b/public_html/es-ES/opds.xml
index 707f976..840ad95 100644
--- a/public_html/es-ES/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/es-ES/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:21</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora 15</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/Fedora_15/opds-Fedora_15.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:21</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_15.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:21</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/es-ES/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora.xml
index c59afa2..10d938a 100644
--- a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 90a8157..df555b3 100644
--- a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>مستندات مشارکت کننده فدورا</title>
<subtitle>مستندات مشارکت کننده فدورا</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index f594ad5..58f0fc4 100644
--- a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 7b57e08..38a5992 100644
--- a/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>fa-IR</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/fa-IR/opds.xml b/public_html/fa-IR/opds.xml
index 009b53e..2134a78 100644
--- a/public_html/fa-IR/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/fa-IR/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>fa-IR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>مستندات مشارکت کننده فدورا</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>fa-IR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>fa-IR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fa-IR/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>fa-IR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora.xml
index 410fd69..bc4e305 100644
--- a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 11efcc6..3308cad 100644
--- a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index fc360a1..d731a19 100644
--- a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 5140558..d6e5b32 100644
--- a/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>fi-FI</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/fi-FI/opds.xml b/public_html/fi-FI/opds.xml
index 69720d8..999e63e 100644
--- a/public_html/fi-FI/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/fi-FI/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<dc:language>fi-FI</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<dc:language>fi-FI</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<dc:language>fi-FI</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fi-FI/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<dc:language>fi-FI</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora.xml
index 1d64ad7..c427536 100644
--- a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index b689e81..0112a35 100644
--- a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index d2879d1..4073090 100644
--- a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 5d825af..9a2a108 100644
--- a/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>fr-FR</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/fr-FR/opds.xml b/public_html/fr-FR/opds.xml
index 012972b..0828f89 100644
--- a/public_html/fr-FR/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/fr-FR/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<dc:language>fr-FR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<dc:language>fr-FR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<dc:language>fr-FR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/fr-FR/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<dc:language>fr-FR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index 891f961..38ceadb 100644
--- a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 95bb960..5db506f 100644
--- a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index c34e261..6ddddbf 100644
--- a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index b443028..10ddf5e 100644
--- a/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>gu-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/gu-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/gu-IN/opds.xml
index 7c01f6a..2035565 100644
--- a/public_html/gu-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/gu-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>gu-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>gu-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>gu-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/gu-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>gu-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora.xml
index daa2667..542493e 100644
--- a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 8eb3d3c..5eb9f8b 100644
--- a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 9ec1cbc..5cf084c 100644
--- a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 3e4660c..99e0061 100644
--- a/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>he-IL</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/he-IL/opds.xml b/public_html/he-IL/opds.xml
index adab0b3..3135170 100644
--- a/public_html/he-IL/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/he-IL/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>he-IL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>he-IL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>he-IL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/he-IL/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>he-IL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index 9d892c1..45c5f5f 100644
--- a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 646f84a..62e4477 100644
--- a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 84ce76b..ed1fc11 100644
--- a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index fc1fbcb..77575a2 100644
--- a/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
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+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>hi-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
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diff --git a/public_html/hi-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/hi-IN/opds.xml
index 311ff7f..34c1da9 100644
--- a/public_html/hi-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/hi-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>hi-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>hi-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>hi-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hi-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>hi-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora.xml
index 13cea7a..338459a 100644
--- a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 4246155..7094d75 100644
--- a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 3c0f586..851559f 100644
--- a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 31edfd3..1962906 100644
--- a/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>hu-HU</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
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diff --git a/public_html/hu-HU/opds.xml b/public_html/hu-HU/opds.xml
index 35155cb..84361c7 100644
--- a/public_html/hu-HU/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/hu-HU/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>hu-HU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>hu-HU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/hu-HU/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>hu-HU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>hu-HU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora.xml
index c073243..3ec5adc 100644
--- a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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index cd35143..5275ec3 100644
--- a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 5f215a15..28138cc 100644
--- a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 0414f32..0ea8556 100644
--- a/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>id-ID</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
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diff --git a/public_html/id-ID/opds.xml b/public_html/id-ID/opds.xml
index efe2732..b0c2a00 100644
--- a/public_html/id-ID/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/id-ID/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>id-ID</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>id-ID</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/id-ID/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>id-ID</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>id-ID</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora.xml
index d2a5a8f..1dd333c 100644
--- a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 34bb60c..3e17e62 100644
--- a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Documentazione Collaboratori Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Documentazione Collaboratori Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index eb71e35..fc53c2c 100644
--- a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 5026663..269ff40 100644
--- a/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
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+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
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<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
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diff --git a/public_html/it-IT/opds.xml b/public_html/it-IT/opds.xml
index 983a567..26cac58 100644
--- a/public_html/it-IT/opds.xml
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<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<dc:language>it-IT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Documentazione Collaboratori Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<dc:language>it-IT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<dc:language>it-IT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/it-IT/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<dc:language>it-IT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora.xml
index a211bee..6929ae9 100644
--- a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 09de3f2..9ea315e 100644
--- a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora コントリビュータ用ドキュメント</title>
<subtitle>Fedora コントリビュータ用ドキュメント</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
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<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index f16f6fb..0aed00a 100644
--- a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 25a0c17..8ed38d4 100644
--- a/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora ドラフト文書</title>
<subtitle>Fedora ドラフト文書</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ja-JP</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ja-JP/opds.xml b/public_html/ja-JP/opds.xml
index d9d263a..2cd7873 100644
--- a/public_html/ja-JP/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ja-JP/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<dc:language>ja-JP</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora コントリビュータ用ドキュメント</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<dc:language>ja-JP</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<dc:language>ja-JP</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora ドラフト文書</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ja-JP/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<dc:language>ja-JP</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index b1a4ff1..4239220 100644
--- a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 728c362..81d6143 100644
--- a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 35690e3..db76116 100644
--- a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index d3423a8..7fdf934 100644
--- a/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>kn-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/kn-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/kn-IN/opds.xml
index 172c28e..d3aa0d8 100644
--- a/public_html/kn-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/kn-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<dc:language>kn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<dc:language>kn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<dc:language>kn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/kn-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<dc:language>kn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora.xml
index 6dd1a96..abce019 100644
--- a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index f44aaee..2e979cb 100644
--- a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 1ac65fe..222809d 100644
--- a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index d90baac..b4f1551 100644
--- a/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ko-KR</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ko-KR/opds.xml b/public_html/ko-KR/opds.xml
index 97c358c..619a50e 100644
--- a/public_html/ko-KR/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ko-KR/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ko-KR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ko-KR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ko-KR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ko-KR/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ko-KR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index c217b77..f09b6c0 100644
--- a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 582ae90..713a65b 100644
--- a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 674eb34..6276022 100644
--- a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 7243515..e386ead 100644
--- a/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ml-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ml-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/ml-IN/opds.xml
index 79345b0..2a077cd 100644
--- a/public_html/ml-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ml-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ml-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ml-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ml-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ml-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ml-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index 0d51c42..3806024 100644
--- a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index d579ddf..7716cc6 100644
--- a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index a8d9dd7..3cc4189 100644
--- a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 7de2db5..d85cefb 100644
--- a/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>mr-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/mr-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/mr-IN/opds.xml
index c066eb5..cd798d9 100644
--- a/public_html/mr-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/mr-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>mr-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>mr-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>mr-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/mr-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>mr-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora.xml
index f682efe..aafa196 100644
--- a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index c98d889..fc4079f 100644
--- a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 4be74fc..ed72e96 100644
--- a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index aa10300..4a614c7 100644
--- a/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>nb-NO</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/nb-NO/opds.xml b/public_html/nb-NO/opds.xml
index 61be57d..6473969 100644
--- a/public_html/nb-NO/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/nb-NO/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>nb-NO</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>nb-NO</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>nb-NO</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nb-NO/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>nb-NO</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora.xml
index 98690d6..d06813a 100644
--- a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 1eb8ef0..1eaada8 100644
--- a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index ae2e33d..11afa18 100644
--- a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 8e11920..d59397e 100644
--- a/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>nl-NL</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/nl-NL/opds.xml b/public_html/nl-NL/opds.xml
index a5aaf13..3cbb659 100644
--- a/public_html/nl-NL/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/nl-NL/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>nl-NL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>nl-NL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>nl-NL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/nl-NL/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>nl-NL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/opds.xml b/public_html/opds.xml
index 49693eb..ff13b42 100644
--- a/public_html/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/opds.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<link rel="start" href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/opds.xml" type="application/atom+xml;type=feed;profile=opds-catalog"/>
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<title>Fedora Documentation</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:57</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
<entry>
<title>অসমীয়া</title>
<id>as-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>as-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="as-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<entry>
<title>български</title>
<id>bg-BG/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:14</updated>
<dc:language>bg-BG</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="bg-BG/opds.xml"/>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<entry>
<title>বাংলা</title>
<id>bn-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:48</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>bn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="bn-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Bosanski</title>
<id>bs-BA/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>bs-BA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="bs-BA/opds.xml"/>
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Català</title>
<id>ca-ES/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:15</updated>
<dc:language>ca-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ca-ES/opds.xml"/>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Čeština</title>
<id>cs-CZ/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>cs-CZ</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="cs-CZ/opds.xml"/>
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Dansk</title>
<id>da-DK/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:16</updated>
<dc:language>da-DK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="da-DK/opds.xml"/>
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Deutsch</title>
<id>de-DE/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:49</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<dc:language>de-DE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="de-DE/opds.xml"/>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Ελληνικά</title>
<id>el-GR/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:18</updated>
<dc:language>el-GR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="el-GR/opds.xml"/>
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<entry>
<title>English</title>
<id>en-US/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:19</updated>
<dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="en-US/opds.xml"/>
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Español</title>
<id>es-ES/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>es-ES</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="es-ES/opds.xml"/>
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<entry>
<title>فارسی</title>
<id>fa-IR/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:22</updated>
<dc:language>fa-IR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="fa-IR/opds.xml"/>
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Suomi</title>
<id>fi-FI/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:23</updated>
<dc:language>fi-FI</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="fi-FI/opds.xml"/>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Français</title>
<id>fr-FR/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:24</updated>
<dc:language>fr-FR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="fr-FR/opds.xml"/>
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
<entry>
<title>ગુજરાતી</title>
<id>gu-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:50</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>gu-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="gu-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
<entry>
<title>עברית</title>
<id>he-IL/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>he-IL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="he-IL/opds.xml"/>
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<entry>
<title>हिन्दी</title>
<id>hi-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:25</updated>
<dc:language>hi-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="hi-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Magyar</title>
<id>hu-HU/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>hu-HU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="hu-HU/opds.xml"/>
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Indonesia</title>
<id>id-ID/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:26</updated>
<dc:language>id-ID</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="id-ID/opds.xml"/>
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Italiano</title>
<id>it-IT/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:28</updated>
<dc:language>it-IT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="it-IT/opds.xml"/>
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
<entry>
<title>日本語</title>
<id>ja-JP/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:51</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:30</updated>
<dc:language>ja-JP</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ja-JP/opds.xml"/>
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
<entry>
<title>ಕನ್ನಡ</title>
<id>kn-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:31</updated>
<dc:language>kn-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="kn-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<entry>
<title>한국어</title>
<id>ko-KR/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ko-KR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ko-KR/opds.xml"/>
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
<entry>
<title>മലയാളം</title>
<id>ml-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:32</updated>
<dc:language>ml-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ml-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
<entry>
<title>मराठी</title>
<id>mr-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>mr-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="mr-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Norsk (bokmål)</title>
<id>nb-NO/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:33</updated>
<dc:language>nb-NO</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="nb-NO/opds.xml"/>
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Nederlands</title>
<id>nl-NL/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>nl-NL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="nl-NL/opds.xml"/>
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
<entry>
<title>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</title>
<id>or-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>or-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="or-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
<entry>
<title>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</title>
<id>pa-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<dc:language>pa-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="pa-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Polski</title>
<id>pl-PL/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<dc:language>pl-PL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="pl-PL/opds.xml"/>
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Português Brasileiro</title>
<id>pt-BR/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:40</updated>
<dc:language>pt-BR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="pt-BR/opds.xml"/>
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Português</title>
<id>pt-PT/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>pt-PT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="pt-PT/opds.xml"/>
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Romanian</title>
<id>ro/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:42</updated>
<dc:language>ro</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ro/opds.xml"/>
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Русский</title>
<id>ru-RU/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>ru-RU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ru-RU/opds.xml"/>
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Slovenščina</title>
<id>sk-SK/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<dc:language>sk-SK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="sk-SK/opds.xml"/>
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Srpski (latinica)</title>
<id>sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<dc:language>sr-Latn-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml"/>
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Српски</title>
<id>sr-RS/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:46</updated>
<dc:language>sr-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="sr-RS/opds.xml"/>
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Svenska</title>
<id>sv-SE/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<dc:language>sv-SE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="sv-SE/opds.xml"/>
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
<entry>
<title>தமிழ்</title>
<id>ta-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>ta-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="ta-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
<entry>
<title>తెలుగు</title>
<id>te-IN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>te-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="te-IN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Українська</title>
<id>uk-UA/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:50</updated>
<dc:language>uk-UA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="uk-UA/opds.xml"/>
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
<entry>
<title>简体中文</title>
<id>zh-CN/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<dc:language>zh-CN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="zh-CN/opds.xml"/>
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
<entry>
<title>繁體中文</title>
<id>zh-TW/opds.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<dc:language>zh-TW</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="zh-TW/opds.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index 07fbbd3..1053b8d 100644
--- a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:52</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index f77e6ae..78f5f57 100644
--- a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index b2441da..7aadca8 100644
--- a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index e3860a3..8ad3e28 100644
--- a/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>or-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/or-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/or-IN/opds.xml
index ceca2c4..a968e95 100644
--- a/public_html/or-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/or-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>or-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>or-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>or-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/or-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>or-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index d6b6cda..f1ed01c 100644
--- a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 4c0a2ea..6702d4b 100644
--- a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 20690e8..0789c2f 100644
--- a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 2de2bea..d5fac00 100644
--- a/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>pa-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/pa-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/pa-IN/opds.xml
index bc6129b..be87568 100644
--- a/public_html/pa-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/pa-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:36</updated>
<dc:language>pa-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<dc:language>pa-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<dc:language>pa-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pa-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:37</updated>
<dc:language>pa-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora.xml
index f0b1557..d9eb45b 100644
--- a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index cbbf5a0..8953bc5 100644
--- a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Dokumentacja dla współtwórców Fedory</title>
<subtitle>Dokumentacja dla współtwórców Fedory</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index a635889..638e460 100644
--- a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index b8d9936..ab56d90 100644
--- a/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>pl-PL</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/pl-PL/opds.xml b/public_html/pl-PL/opds.xml
index f5b0b76..7339478 100644
--- a/public_html/pl-PL/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/pl-PL/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<dc:language>pl-PL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Dokumentacja dla współtwórców Fedory</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<dc:language>pl-PL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<dc:language>pl-PL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pl-PL/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:38</updated>
<dc:language>pl-PL</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora.xml
index 60dd2c9..d826bda 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 40df8bb..1aa4699 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 6ac40a0..8bc85f3 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 8f52cce..2a05ef5 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>pt-BR</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/pt-BR/opds.xml b/public_html/pt-BR/opds.xml
index abcf838..b71aa76 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-BR/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-BR/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:40</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<dc:language>pt-BR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<dc:language>pt-BR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<dc:language>pt-BR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-BR/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:53</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:39</updated>
<dc:language>pt-BR</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora.xml
index 5e25728..a2b157c 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 857ea93..3103522 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index d1a4a00..b816e0b 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index f87ace9..358cb54 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>pt-PT</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/pt-PT/opds.xml b/public_html/pt-PT/opds.xml
index 6e06eea..c4fc714 100644
--- a/public_html/pt-PT/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/pt-PT/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>pt-PT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>pt-PT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>pt-PT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/pt-PT/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>pt-PT</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora.xml
index ca7dd5f..1d804c6 100644
--- a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 96a8242..f848ed9 100644
--- a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 4945925..895d630 100644
--- a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 3348f7f..408cf36 100644
--- a/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ro/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Schiță Documentație Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Schiță Documentație Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:42</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ro</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ro/opds.xml b/public_html/ro/opds.xml
index 1e3eda3..477859f 100644
--- a/public_html/ro/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ro/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:42</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>ro</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>ro</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:41</updated>
<dc:language>ro</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Schiță Documentație Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ro/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:42</updated>
<dc:language>ro</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora.xml
index 9334a45..82865be 100644
--- a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 1f5df51..9827991 100644
--- a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Документация участника Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Документация участника Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 273bfde..4ba3cc3 100644
--- a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 771f451..97277ee 100644
--- a/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ru-RU</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ru-RU/opds.xml b/public_html/ru-RU/opds.xml
index 5de3d43..c03a100 100644
--- a/public_html/ru-RU/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ru-RU/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>ru-RU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Документация участника Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>ru-RU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>ru-RU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
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<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ru-RU/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>ru-RU</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora.xml
index 9313015..5ad1df4 100644
--- a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 19dff56..98377fb 100644
--- a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 6343837..fb4545b 100644
--- a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index c7365ec..3d4b182 100644
--- a/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>sk-SK</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/sk-SK/opds.xml b/public_html/sk-SK/opds.xml
index 0cd820a..b03bba8 100644
--- a/public_html/sk-SK/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/sk-SK/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>sk-SK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>sk-SK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>sk-SK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sk-SK/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:43</updated>
<dc:language>sk-SK</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora.xml
index 5881f12..0c64f01 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 50f29cb..17f6ee9 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 911f78c..294dbec 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index acb0b7c..bc85005 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>sr-Latn-RS</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml
index 853dbf4..605e03e 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<dc:language>sr-Latn-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<dc:language>sr-Latn-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<dc:language>sr-Latn-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-Latn-RS/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:54</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:44</updated>
<dc:language>sr-Latn-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora.xml
index ee6f004..3ebf610 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:45</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index accaee4..ae00fce 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:45</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index f09e9cd..52e70d5 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:46</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 41794ee..527564b 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:46</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>sr-RS</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/sr-RS/opds.xml b/public_html/sr-RS/opds.xml
index 52a7f19..fa8d3ce 100644
--- a/public_html/sr-RS/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/sr-RS/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:46</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:45</updated>
<dc:language>sr-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:45</updated>
<dc:language>sr-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:46</updated>
<dc:language>sr-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sr-RS/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:46</updated>
<dc:language>sr-RS</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora.xml
index 80ad238..fe218fc 100644
--- a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 7706e43..4af36f5 100644
--- a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 9d27280..75f7f48 100644
--- a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index e429635..cb35e97 100644
--- a/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>sv-SE</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/sv-SE/opds.xml b/public_html/sv-SE/opds.xml
index e79ed3e..269bdd1 100644
--- a/public_html/sv-SE/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/sv-SE/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<dc:language>sv-SE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<dc:language>sv-SE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<dc:language>sv-SE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/sv-SE/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:47</updated>
<dc:language>sv-SE</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index f1c928e..c873e53 100644
--- a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 585ca26..785e151 100644
--- a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 068291e..560d986 100644
--- a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index f5cd65e..8d225ab 100644
--- a/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>ta-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/ta-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/ta-IN/opds.xml
index 9588aa4..9d49e7b 100644
--- a/public_html/ta-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/ta-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>ta-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>ta-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>ta-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/ta-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:55</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>ta-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
index 255586e..d50b4ef 100644
--- a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 9b4b9af..cf3b038 100644
--- a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 4f1352d..1214a1b 100644
--- a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 707a122..54773ad 100644
--- a/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>te-IN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/te-IN/opds.xml b/public_html/te-IN/opds.xml
index 934cc32..2f6967c 100644
--- a/public_html/te-IN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/te-IN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>te-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>te-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>te-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/te-IN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:48</updated>
<dc:language>te-IN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora.xml
index e5b38a6..ee355bc 100644
--- a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 30d6482..1a8d00c 100644
--- a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Документація для учасника розробки Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Документація для учасника розробки Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index ae3e55b..deec4f7 100644
--- a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index 86abfeb..34f018a 100644
--- a/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>uk-UA</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/uk-UA/opds.xml b/public_html/uk-UA/opds.xml
index ad1b21b..7753cce 100644
--- a/public_html/uk-UA/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/uk-UA/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:50</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<dc:language>uk-UA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Документація для учасника розробки Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<dc:language>uk-UA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<dc:language>uk-UA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/uk-UA/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:49</updated>
<dc:language>uk-UA</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora.xml
index b4987af..0256189 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index 4159672..7ccde8c 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index ec5714c..4bba5cd 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index fe2a491..af2fed9 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>zh-CN</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/zh-CN/opds.xml b/public_html/zh-CN/opds.xml
index 0da316a..284e621 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-CN/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-CN/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<dc:language>zh-CN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<dc:language>zh-CN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<dc:language>zh-CN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-CN/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:51</updated>
<dc:language>zh-CN</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora.xml b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora.xml
index 7d5fad2..fa6be33 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
<title>Fedora</title>
<subtitle>Fedora</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
index ef91478..8b24046 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Contributor Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Core.xml b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
index 482e6fb..c155cf1 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Core.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Core</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
index a82953d..dda467d 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<subtitle>Fedora Draft Documentation</subtitle>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
</author-->
- <updated>2011-10-14</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19</updated>
<dc:language>zh-TW</dc:language>
<category label="" scheme="http://lexcycle.com/stanza/header" term="free"/>
<!--dc:issued></dc:issued-->
diff --git a/public_html/zh-TW/opds.xml b/public_html/zh-TW/opds.xml
index cf35684..6e4a198 100644
--- a/public_html/zh-TW/opds.xml
+++ b/public_html/zh-TW/opds.xml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<link rel="http://opds-spec.org/crawlable" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://bookserver.archive.org/catalog/crawlable" title="Crawlable feed"/>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/opds.xml</id>
<title>Product List</title>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<!--author>
<name></name>
<uri></uri>
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/Fedora/opds-Fedora.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<dc:language>zh-TW</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora.xml"/>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Contributor Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/Fedora_Contributor_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<dc:language>zh-TW</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Contributor_Documentation.xml"/>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Core</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/Fedora_Core/opds-Fedora_Core.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<dc:language>zh-TW</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Core.xml"/>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<entry>
<title>Fedora Draft Documentation</title>
<id>http://docs.fedoraproject.org/zh-TW/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml</id>
- <updated>2011-10-14T14:23:56</updated>
+ <updated>2011-10-19T01:15:52</updated>
<dc:language>zh-TW</dc:language>
<content type="text"></content>
<link type="application/atom+xml" href="opds-Fedora_Draft_Documentation.xml"/>
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