[wpa_supplicant] Fix various crashes with D-Bus interface (rh #678625) (rh #725517)

Daniel Williams dcbw at fedoraproject.org
Wed Jul 27 15:07:29 UTC 2011


commit 7a399e89381503b0089bbd4ed40f23c4c769702e
Author: Dan Williams <dcbw at redhat.com>
Date:   Wed Jul 27 10:06:37 2011 -0500

    Fix various crashes with D-Bus interface (rh #678625) (rh #725517)

 ...an-up-new-D-Bus-interface-getters-setters.patch | 3311 ++++++++++++++++++++
 wpa_supplicant-dbus-null-error.patch               |   47 -
 wpa_supplicant.spec                                |    9 +-
 3 files changed, 3317 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/0001-dbus-clean-up-new-D-Bus-interface-getters-setters.patch b/0001-dbus-clean-up-new-D-Bus-interface-getters-setters.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e06b5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/0001-dbus-clean-up-new-D-Bus-interface-getters-setters.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,3311 @@
+From 822596cfa5e37cdad710b9e282c2bcc267c3fe01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Dan Williams <dcbw at redhat.com>
+Date: Tue, 26 Jul 2011 19:48:01 -0500
+Subject: [PATCH] dbus: clean up new D-Bus interface getters/setters
+
+A number of fixes/improvements here:
+
+1) Remove casting of getter/setter function types which allows
+us to change the prototypes in the future and not have hard-to-find
+runtime segfaults
+
+2) Instead of having the getters create a fake reply message which
+then gets its arguments copied into the real reply message, and is
+then disposed, just pass message iters around and have them add
+their arguments to the message itself
+
+3) For setters, just pass in the message iter positioned at the
+start of the argument list, instead of each setter having to skip
+over the standard interface+property name
+
+4) Convert error handling to use DBusError and return the error
+back down through the call stacks to the function that will
+actually send the error back to the caller, instead of having a
+fake DBusMessage of type DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR that then
+needs to have the error extracted from it.
+
+But most of all, this fixes various segfaults (like rh #725517
+and #678625) which were caused by some functions deep down in the
+getter callpaths wanting a source DBusMessage* when the getters were
+used for two things: signals (which don't have a source DBusMessage)
+and methods (which will have a source DBusMessage that's being
+replied to).  This duality made the code fragile when handling
+errors like invalid IEs over the air.
+---
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.c     |   14 +-
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.h     |    3 +-
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new.c              |  127 ++--
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.c     | 1236 +++++++++++++--------------
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.h     |  204 +++--
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers_wps.c |   32 +-
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.c      |  365 +++++----
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.h      |   17 +-
+ wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_old_handlers.c     |    8 +-
+ 9 files changed, 1009 insertions(+), 997 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.c b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.c
+index b3aff40..dbfdcc1 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.c
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.c
+@@ -593,18 +593,26 @@ dbus_bool_t wpa_dbus_dict_append_string_array(DBusMessageIter *iter_dict,
+  * @param iter A valid DBusMessageIter pointing to the start of the dict
+  * @param iter_dict (out) A DBusMessageIter to be passed to
+  *    wpa_dbus_dict_read_next_entry()
++ * @error on failure a descriptive error
+  * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  */
+ dbus_bool_t wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(DBusMessageIter *iter,
+-				    DBusMessageIter *iter_dict)
++				    DBusMessageIter *iter_dict,
++				    DBusError *error)
+ {
+-	if (!iter || !iter_dict)
++	if (!iter || !iter_dict) {
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		                     "[internal] missing message iterators");
+ 		return FALSE;
++	}
+ 
+ 	if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+-	    dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)
++	    dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
++		                     "unexpected message argument types");
+ 		return FALSE;
++	}
+ 
+ 	dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, iter_dict);
+ 	return TRUE;
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.h b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.h
+index eb31575..9d23efa 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.h
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_dict_helpers.h
+@@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ struct wpa_dbus_dict_entry {
+ };
+ 
+ dbus_bool_t wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(DBusMessageIter *iter,
+-				    DBusMessageIter *iter_dict);
++				    DBusMessageIter *iter_dict,
++				    DBusError *error);
+ 
+ dbus_bool_t wpa_dbus_dict_get_entry(DBusMessageIter *iter_dict,
+ 				    struct wpa_dbus_dict_entry *entry);
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new.c b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new.c
+index c66640a..2da9fef 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new.c
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new.c
+@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void wpas_dbus_signal_interface(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ {
+ 	struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface;
+ 	DBusMessage *msg;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, iter_dict;
++	DBusMessageIter iter;
+ 
+ 	iface = wpa_s->global->dbus;
+ 
+@@ -61,14 +61,9 @@ static void wpas_dbus_signal_interface(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ 		goto err;
+ 
+ 	if (properties) {
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_write(&iter, &iter_dict))
+-			goto err;
+-
+-		wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(iface, wpa_s->dbus_new_path,
+-					       WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE,
+-					       &iter_dict);
+-
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&iter, &iter_dict))
++		if (!wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(iface, wpa_s->dbus_new_path,
++						    WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE,
++						    &iter))
+ 			goto err;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -157,7 +152,7 @@ static void wpas_dbus_signal_bss(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ {
+ 	struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface;
+ 	DBusMessage *msg;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, iter_dict;
++	DBusMessageIter iter;
+ 
+ 	iface = wpa_s->global->dbus;
+ 
+@@ -177,14 +172,9 @@ static void wpas_dbus_signal_bss(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ 		goto err;
+ 
+ 	if (properties) {
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_write(&iter, &iter_dict))
+-			goto err;
+-
+-		wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(iface, bss_obj_path,
+-					       WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS,
+-					       &iter_dict);
+-
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&iter, &iter_dict))
++		if (!wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(iface, bss_obj_path,
++						    WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS,
++						    &iter))
+ 			goto err;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -304,7 +294,7 @@ static void wpas_dbus_signal_network(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ {
+ 	struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface;
+ 	DBusMessage *msg;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, iter_dict;
++	DBusMessageIter iter;
+ 	char net_obj_path[WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX], *path;
+ 
+ 	iface = wpa_s->global->dbus;
+@@ -330,14 +320,9 @@ static void wpas_dbus_signal_network(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+ 		goto err;
+ 
+ 	if (properties) {
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_write(&iter, &iter_dict))
+-			goto err;
+-
+-		wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(iface, net_obj_path,
+-					       WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_NETWORK,
+-					       &iter_dict);
+-
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&iter, &iter_dict))
++		if (!wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(iface, net_obj_path,
++						    WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_NETWORK,
++						    &iter))
+ 			goto err;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -655,30 +655,27 @@ void wpas_dbus_signal_prop_changed(struc
+ 
+ 	switch (property) {
+ 	case WPAS_DBUS_PROP_AP_SCAN:
+-		getter = (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan;
++		getter = wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan;
+ 		prop = "ApScan";
+ 		break;
+ 	case WPAS_DBUS_PROP_SCANNING:
+-		getter = (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_scanning;
++		getter = wpas_dbus_getter_scanning;
+ 		prop = "Scanning";
+ 		break;
+ 	case WPAS_DBUS_PROP_STATE:
+-		getter = (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_state;
++		getter = wpas_dbus_getter_state;
+ 		prop = "State";
+ 		break;
+ 	case WPAS_DBUS_PROP_CURRENT_BSS:
+-		getter = (WPADBusPropertyAccessor)
+-			wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss;
++		getter = wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss;
+ 		prop = "CurrentBSS";
+ 		break;
+ 	case WPAS_DBUS_PROP_CURRENT_NETWORK:
+-		getter = (WPADBusPropertyAccessor)
+-			wpas_dbus_getter_current_network;
++		getter = wpas_dbus_getter_current_network;
+ 		prop = "CurrentNetwork";
+ 		break;
+ 	case WPAS_DBUS_PROP_BSSS:
+-		getter = (WPADBusPropertyAccessor)
+-			wpas_dbus_getter_bsss;
++		getter = wpas_dbus_getter_bsss;
+ 		prop = "BSSs";
+ 		break;
+ 	default:
+@@ -859,27 +842,27 @@ static const struct wpa_dbus_method_desc wpas_dbus_global_methods[] = {
+ 
+ static const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc wpas_dbus_global_properties[] = {
+ 	{ "DebugLevel", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_INTERFACE, "s",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ 	{ "DebugTimestamp", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_INTERFACE, "b",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ 	{ "DebugShowKeys", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_INTERFACE, "b",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Interfaces", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_INTERFACE, "ao",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) &wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "EapMethods", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_INTERFACE, "as",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+@@ -976,13 +959,13 @@ static void wpa_dbus_free(void *ptr)
+ 
+ static const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc wpas_dbus_network_properties[] = {
+ 	{ "Properties", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_NETWORK, "a{sv}",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Enabled", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_NETWORK, "b",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_enabled,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_enabled,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_enabled,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_enabled,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ 	{ NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 }
+@@ -1104,52 +1087,52 @@ int wpas_dbus_unregister_network(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, int nid)
+ 
+ static const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc wpas_dbus_bss_properties[] = {
+ 	{ "SSID", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "ay",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "BSSID", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "ay",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Privacy", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "b",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Mode", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "s",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Signal", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "n",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Frequency", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "q",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Rates", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "au",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "WPA", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "a{sv}",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "RSN", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "a{sv}",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "IEs", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_BSS, "ay",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies,
+ 	  NULL,
+ 	  R
+ 	},
+@@ -1352,58 +1335,58 @@ static const struct wpa_dbus_method_desc wpas_dbus_interface_methods[] = {
+ 
+ static const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc wpas_dbus_interface_properties[] = {
+ 	{ "Capabilities", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "a{sv}",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "State", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "s",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_state,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_state,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Scanning", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "b",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_scanning,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_scanning,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "ApScan", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "u",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Ifname", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "s",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_ifname,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_ifname,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Driver", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "s",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_driver,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_driver,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "BridgeIfname", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "s",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "CurrentBSS", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "o",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "CurrentNetwork", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "o",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_current_network,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_current_network,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Blobs", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "a{say}",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_blobs,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_blobs,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "BSSs", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "ao",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_bsss,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_bsss,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ 	{ "Networks", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_INTERFACE, "ao",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_networks,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_networks,
+ 	  NULL, R
+ 	},
+ #ifdef CONFIG_WPS
+ 	{ "ProcessCredentials", WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_WPS, "b",
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_getter_process_credentials,
+-	  (WPADBusPropertyAccessor) wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials,
++	  wpas_dbus_getter_process_credentials,
++	  wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials,
+ 	  RW
+ 	},
+ #endif /* CONFIG_WPS */
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.c b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.c
+index e2b5e50..af17a16 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.c
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.c
+@@ -213,36 +213,35 @@ static struct wpa_supplicant * get_iface_by_dbus_path(
+ 
+ /**
+  * set_network_properties - Set properties of a configured network
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+  * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+  * @ssid: wpa_ssid structure for a configured network
+  * @iter: DBus message iterator containing dictionary of network
+  * properties to set.
+- * Returns: NULL when succeed or DBus error on failure
++ * @error: On failure, an error describing the failure
++ * Returns: TRUE if the request succeeds, FALSE if it failed
+  *
+  * Sets network configuration with parameters given id DBus dictionary
+  */
+-static DBusMessage * set_network_properties(DBusMessage *message,
+-					    struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
+-					    struct wpa_ssid *ssid,
+-					    DBusMessageIter *iter)
++dbus_bool_t set_network_properties(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
++				   struct wpa_ssid *ssid,
++				   DBusMessageIter *iter,
++				   DBusError *error)
+ {
+-
+ 	struct wpa_dbus_dict_entry entry = { .type = DBUS_TYPE_STRING };
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+ 	DBusMessageIter	iter_dict;
++	char *value = NULL;
+ 
+-	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(iter, &iter_dict))
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(message, NULL);
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(iter, &iter_dict, error))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	while (wpa_dbus_dict_has_dict_entry(&iter_dict)) {
+-		char *value = NULL;
+ 		size_t size = 50;
+ 		int ret;
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_get_entry(&iter_dict, &entry)) {
+-			reply = wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(message, NULL);
+-			break;
+-		}
++
++		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_get_entry(&iter_dict, &entry))
++			goto error;
++
++		value = NULL;
+ 		if (entry.type == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY &&
+ 		    entry.array_type == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
+ 			if (entry.array_len <= 0)
+@@ -311,71 +310,59 @@ static DBusMessage * set_network_properties(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ 		os_free(value);
+ 		wpa_dbus_dict_entry_clear(&entry);
+-		continue;
+-
+-	error:
+-		os_free(value);
+-		reply = wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(message, entry.key);
+-		wpa_dbus_dict_entry_clear(&entry);
+-		break;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	return TRUE;
++
++error:
++	os_free(value);
++	wpa_dbus_dict_entry_clear(&entry);
++	dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
++			     "invalid message format");
++	return FALSE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter - Get basic type property
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
++ * @iter: Message iter to use when appending arguments
+  * @type: DBus type of property (must be basic type)
+  * @val: pointer to place holding property value
+- * Returns: The DBus message containing response for Properties.Get call
+- * or DBus error message if error occurred.
++ * @error: On failure an error describing the failure
++ * Returns: TRUE if the request was successful, FALSE if it failed
+  *
+  * Generic getter for basic type properties. Type is required to be basic.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       const int type, const void *val)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     const int type,
++					     const void *val,
++					     DBusError *error)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, variant_iter;
++	DBusMessageIter variant_iter;
+ 
+ 	if (!dbus_type_is_basic(type)) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter:"
+-			   " given type is not basic");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message, NULL);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: given type is not basic", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if (message == NULL)
+-		reply = dbus_message_new(DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+-	else
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
+-
+-	if (reply != NULL) {
+-		dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-		if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(
+-			    &iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+-			    wpa_dbus_type_as_string(type), &variant_iter) ||
+-		    !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, type,
+-						    val) ||
+-		    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter)) {
+-			wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: "
+-				   "wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter: out of "
+-				   "memory to put property value into "
+-				   "message");
+-			dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-			reply = dbus_message_new_error(message,
+-						       DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-						       NULL);
+-		}
+-	} else {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter:"
+-			   " out of memory to return property value");
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					       NULL);
+-	}
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
++	                                      wpa_dbus_type_as_string(type),
++	                                      &variant_iter))
++		goto error;
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&variant_iter, type, val))
++		goto error;
++
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &variant_iter))
++		goto error;
++
++	return TRUE;
++
++error:
++	dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++	               "%s: error constructing reply", __func__);
++	return FALSE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -388,98 +375,75 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+  *
+  * Generic setter for basic type properties. Type is required to be basic.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       const int type, void *val)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     const int type, void *val)
+ {
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, variant_iter;
++	DBusMessageIter variant_iter;
+ 
+ 	if (!dbus_type_is_basic(type)) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter:"
+-			   " given type is not basic");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message, NULL);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++			       "%s: given type is not basic", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter)) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter:"
+-			   " out of memory to return scanning state");
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
+-	}
+-
+-	/* omit first and second argument and get value from third */
+-	dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
+-	dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
+-	dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &variant_iter);
+-
++	/* Look at the new value */
++	dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &variant_iter);
+ 	if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&variant_iter) != type) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "dbus: wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter:"
+-			   " wrong property type");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(message,
+-						    "wrong property type");
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++				     "wrong property type");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 	dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&variant_iter, val);
+ 
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter - Get array type property
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iterator
+  * @type: DBus type of property array elements (must be basic type)
+  * @array: pointer to array of elements to put into response message
+  * @array_len: length of above array
+- * Returns: The DBus message containing response for Properties.Get call
+- * or DBus error message if error occurred.
++ * @error: a pointer to an error to fill on failure
++ * Returns: TRUE if the request succeeded, FALSE if it failed
+  *
+  * Generic getter for array type properties. Array elements type is
+  * required to be basic.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+-						     const int type,
+-						     const void *array,
+-						     size_t array_len)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						   const int type,
++						   const void *array,
++						   size_t array_len,
++						   DBusError *error)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, variant_iter, array_iter;
++	DBusMessageIter variant_iter, array_iter;
+ 	char type_str[] = "a?"; /* ? will be replaced with subtype letter; */
+ 	const char *sub_type_str;
+ 	size_t element_size, i;
+ 
+ 	if (!dbus_type_is_basic(type)) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: "
+-			   "wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter: given "
+-			   "type is not basic");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message, NULL);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: given type is not basic", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	sub_type_str = wpa_dbus_type_as_string(type);
+ 	type_str[1] = sub_type_str[0];
+ 
+-	if (message == NULL)
+-		reply = dbus_message_new(DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+-	else
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
+-	if (reply == NULL) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: "
+-			   "wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter: out of "
+-			   "memory to create return message");
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
++					      type_str, &variant_iter)) {
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: failed to construct message 1", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+-					      type_str, &variant_iter) ||
+-	    !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
+ 					      sub_type_str, &array_iter)) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: "
+-			   "wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter: out of "
+-			   "memory to open container");
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: failed to construct message 2", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	switch(type) {
+@@ -507,11 +471,9 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+ 		element_size = sizeof(char *);
+ 		break;
+ 	default:
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: "
+-			   "wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter: "
+-			   "fatal: unknown element type");
+-		element_size = 1;
+-		break;
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: unknown element type %d", __func__, type);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < array_len; i++) {
+@@ -519,17 +481,19 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+ 					       array + i * element_size);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&variant_iter, &array_iter) ||
+-	    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter)) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: "
+-			   "wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter: out of "
+-			   "memory to close container");
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&variant_iter, &array_iter)) {
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: failed to construct message 3", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &variant_iter)) {
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		               "%s: failed to construct message 4", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
++	}
++
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -557,7 +521,7 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_create_interface(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ 	dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter);
+ 
+-	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict))
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict, NULL))
+ 		goto error;
+ 	while (wpa_dbus_dict_has_dict_entry(&iter_dict)) {
+ 		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_get_entry(&iter_dict, &entry))
+@@ -706,79 +670,85 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_get_interface(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level - Get debug level
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: DBus message with value of debug level
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "DebugLevel" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error,
++					 void *user_data)
+ {
+ 	const char *str;
+ 	int idx = wpa_debug_level;
++
+ 	if (idx < 0)
+ 		idx = 0;
+ 	if (idx > 4)
+ 		idx = 4;
+ 	str = debug_strings[idx];
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						&str);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						&str, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp - Get debug timestamp
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: DBus message with value of debug timestamp
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "DebugTimestamp" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++                                             DBusError *error,
++                                             void *user_data)
+ {
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						&wpa_debug_timestamp);
+-
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++						&wpa_debug_timestamp, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys - Get debug show keys
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: DBus message with value of debug show_keys
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "DebugShowKeys" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						&wpa_debug_show_keys);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++						&wpa_debug_show_keys, error);
+ 
+ }
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level - Set debug level
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: %NULL or DBus error message
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter for "DebugLevel" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
++	struct wpa_global *global = user_data;
+ 	const char *str = NULL;
+ 	int i, val = -1;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						 &str);
+-	if (reply)
+-		return reply;
++	if (!wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(iter, error, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++					      &str))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; debug_strings[i]; i++)
+ 		if (os_strcmp(debug_strings[i], str) == 0) {
+@@ -789,138 +759,142 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	if (val < 0 ||
+ 	    wpa_supplicant_set_debug_params(global, val, wpa_debug_timestamp,
+ 					    wpa_debug_show_keys)) {
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(
+-			message, "Wrong debug level value");
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED, "wrong debug "
++				     "level value");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp - Set debug timestamp
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: %NULL or DBus error message
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter for "DebugTimestamp" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
++	struct wpa_global *global = user_data;
+ 	dbus_bool_t val;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						 &val);
+-	if (reply)
+-		return reply;
++	if (!wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(iter, error, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++					      &val))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	wpa_supplicant_set_debug_params(global, wpa_debug_level, val ? 1 : 0,
+ 					wpa_debug_show_keys);
+ 
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys - Set debug show keys
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: %NULL or DBus error message
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter for "DebugShowKeys" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
++	struct wpa_global *global = user_data;
+ 	dbus_bool_t val;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						 &val);
+-	if (reply)
+-		return reply;
++	if (!wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(iter, error, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++					      &val))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	wpa_supplicant_set_debug_params(global, wpa_debug_level,
+ 					wpa_debug_timestamp,
+ 					val ? 1 : 0);
+ 
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces - Request registered interfaces list
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @global: %wpa_supplicant global data structure
+- * Returns: The object paths array containing registered interfaces
+- * objects paths or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Interfaces" property. Handles requests
+  * by dbus clients to return list of registered interfaces objects
+  * paths
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces(DBusMessage *message,
+-					  struct wpa_global *global)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++					void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_global *global = user_data;
+ 	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s;
+ 	const char **paths;
+ 	unsigned int i = 0, num = 0;
++	dbus_bool_t success;
+ 
+ 	for (wpa_s = global->ifaces; wpa_s; wpa_s = wpa_s->next)
+ 		num++;
+ 
+ 	paths = os_zalloc(num * sizeof(char*));
+ 	if (!paths) {
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	for (wpa_s = global->ifaces; wpa_s; wpa_s = wpa_s->next)
+ 		paths[i] = wpa_s->dbus_new_path;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message,
+-						       DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+-						       paths, num);
++	success = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter,
++							 DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
++							 paths, num, error);
+ 
+ 	os_free(paths);
+-	return reply;
++	return success;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods - Request supported EAP methods list
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @nothing: not used argument. may be NULL or anything else
+- * Returns: The object paths array containing supported EAP methods
+- * represented by strings or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "EapMethods" property. Handles requests
+  * by dbus clients to return list of strings with supported EAP methods
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods(DBusMessage *message, void *nothing)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+ 	char **eap_methods;
+ 	size_t num_items = 0;
++	dbus_bool_t success;
+ 
+ 	eap_methods = eap_get_names_as_string_array(&num_items);
+ 	if (!eap_methods) {
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message,
+-						       DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						       eap_methods, num_items);
++	success = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++							 eap_methods, num_items,
++							 error);
+ 
+ 	while (num_items)
+ 		os_free(eap_methods[--num_items]);
+ 	os_free(eap_methods);
+-	return reply;
++	return success;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -1326,6 +1300,7 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_add_network(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	DBusMessageIter	iter;
+ 	struct wpa_ssid *ssid = NULL;
+ 	char path_buf[WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX], *path = path_buf;
++	DBusError error;
+ 
+ 	dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter);
+ 
+@@ -1343,11 +1318,15 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_add_network(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	ssid->disabled = 1;
+ 	wpa_config_set_network_defaults(ssid);
+ 
+-	reply = set_network_properties(message, wpa_s, ssid, &iter);
+-	if (reply) {
++	dbus_error_init(&error);
++	if (!set_network_properties(wpa_s, ssid, &iter, &error)) {
+ 		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "wpas_dbus_handler_add_network[dbus]:"
+ 			   "control interface couldn't set network "
+ 			   "properties");
++		reply = wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error(message, &error,
++						       DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
++						       "Failed to add network");
++		dbus_error_free(&error);
+ 		goto err;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -1661,34 +1640,26 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_remove_blob(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities - Return interface capabilities
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a dict of strings
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Capabilities" property of an interface.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities(DBusMessage *message,
+-					    struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					  DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	struct wpa_driver_capa capa;
+ 	int res;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, iter_dict;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter_dict_entry, iter_dict_val, iter_array,
++	DBusMessageIter iter_dict, iter_dict_entry, iter_dict_val, iter_array,
+ 		variant_iter;
+ 	const char *scans[] = { "active", "passive", "ssid" };
+ 	const char *modes[] = { "infrastructure", "ad-hoc", "ap" };
+ 	int n = sizeof(modes) / sizeof(char *);
+ 
+-	if (message == NULL)
+-		reply = dbus_message_new(DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+-	else
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
+-	if (!reply)
+-		goto nomem;
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+ 					      "a{sv}", &variant_iter))
+ 		goto nomem;
+ 
+@@ -1956,34 +1927,33 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ 	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&variant_iter, &iter_dict))
+ 		goto nomem;
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter))
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &variant_iter))
+ 		goto nomem;
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	return TRUE;
+ 
+ nomem:
+-	if (reply)
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-
+-	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, NULL);
++	dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++	return FALSE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_state - Get interface state
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a STRING representing the current
+- *          interface state
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "State" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_state(DBusMessage *message,
+-				     struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_state(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				   void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	const char *str_state;
+ 	char *state_ls, *tmp;
++	dbus_bool_t success = FALSE;
+ 
+ 	str_state = wpa_supplicant_state_txt(wpa_s->wpa_state);
+ 
+@@ -1991,141 +1961,154 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_state(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	 */
+ 	state_ls = tmp = os_strdup(str_state);
+ 	if (!tmp) {
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 	while (*tmp) {
+ 		*tmp = tolower(*tmp);
+ 		tmp++;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						 &state_ls);
++	success = wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						   &state_ls, error);
+ 
+ 	os_free(state_ls);
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	return success;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_new_iface_get_scanning - Get interface scanning state
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing whether the interface is scanning
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "scanning" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_scanning(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_scanning(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++                                      void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	dbus_bool_t scanning = wpa_s->scanning ? TRUE : FALSE;
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						&scanning);
++
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++						&scanning, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan - Control roaming mode
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A message containong value of ap_scan variable
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter function for "ApScan" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	dbus_uint32_t ap_scan = wpa_s->conf->ap_scan;
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32,
+-						&ap_scan);
++
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32,
++						&ap_scan, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan - Control roaming mode
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: NULL
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter function for "ApScan" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	dbus_uint32_t ap_scan;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(message, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32,
+-						 &ap_scan);
+-	if (reply)
+-		return reply;
++	if (!wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(iter, error, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32,
++					      &ap_scan))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	if (wpa_supplicant_set_ap_scan(wpa_s, ap_scan)) {
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(
+-			message, "ap_scan must equal 0, 1 or 2");
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++				     "ap_scan must be 0, 1, or 2");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_ifname - Get interface name
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a name of network interface
+- * associated with with wpa_s
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Ifname" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_ifname(DBusMessage *message,
+-				      struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_ifname(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				    void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	const char *ifname = wpa_s->ifname;
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						&ifname);
++
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						&ifname, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_driver - Get interface name
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a name of network interface
+- * driver associated with with wpa_s
+++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
+++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
+++ * @user_data: Function specific data
+++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Driver" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_driver(DBusMessage *message,
+-				      struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_driver(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				    void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	const char *driver;
+ 
+ 	if (wpa_s->driver == NULL || wpa_s->driver->name == NULL) {
+ 		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "wpas_dbus_getter_driver[dbus]: "
+ 			   "wpa_s has no driver set");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message, NULL);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED, "%s: no driver set",
++			       __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	driver = wpa_s->driver->name;
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						&driver);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						&driver, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss - Get current bss object path
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a DBus object path to
+- * current BSS
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "CurrentBSS" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error,
++					 void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	char path_buf[WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX], *bss_obj_path = path_buf;
+ 
+ 	if (wpa_s->current_bss)
+@@ -2135,27 +2118,25 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	else
+ 		os_snprintf(bss_obj_path, WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX, "/");
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message,
+-						 DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+-						 &bss_obj_path);
+-
+-	return reply;
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
++						&bss_obj_path, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_current_network - Get current network object path
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a DBus object path to
+- * current network
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "CurrentNetwork" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_current_network(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_current_network(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	char path_buf[WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX], *net_obj_path = path_buf;
+ 
+ 	if (wpa_s->current_ssid)
+@@ -2165,70 +2146,63 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_current_network(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	else
+ 		os_snprintf(net_obj_path, WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX, "/");
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message,
+-						 DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+-						 &net_obj_path);
+-
+-	return reply;
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
++						&net_obj_path, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname - Get interface name
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: A dbus message containing a name of bridge network
+- * interface associated with with wpa_s
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "BridgeIfname" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname(DBusMessage *message,
+-					     struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					   DBusError *error,
++					   void *user_data)
+ {
+-	const char *bridge_ifname = NULL;
+-
+-	bridge_ifname = wpa_s->bridge_ifname;
+-	if (bridge_ifname == NULL) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname[dbus]: "
+-			   "wpa_s has no bridge interface name set");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message, NULL);
+-	}
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
++	const char *bridge_ifname;
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						&bridge_ifname);
++	bridge_ifname = wpa_s->bridge_ifname ? wpa_s->bridge_ifname : "";
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						&bridge_ifname, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bsss - Get array of BSSs objects
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing an array of all known BSS objects
+- * dbus paths
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "BSSs" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bsss(DBusMessage *message,
+-				    struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bsss(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				  void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	struct wpa_bss *bss;
+ 	char **paths;
+ 	unsigned int i = 0;
++	dbus_bool_t success = FALSE;
+ 
+ 	paths = os_zalloc(wpa_s->num_bss * sizeof(char *));
+ 	if (!paths) {
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Loop through scan results and append each result's object path */
+ 	dl_list_for_each(bss, &wpa_s->bss_id, struct wpa_bss, list_id) {
+ 		paths[i] = os_zalloc(WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX);
+ 		if (paths[i] == NULL) {
+-			reply = dbus_message_new_error(message,
+-						       DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-						       NULL);
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
++					     "no memory");
+ 			goto out;
+ 		}
+ 		/* Construct the object path for this BSS. */
+@@ -2237,39 +2211,43 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bsss(DBusMessage *message,
+ 			    wpa_s->dbus_new_path, bss->id);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message,
+-						       DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+-						       paths, wpa_s->num_bss);
++	success = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter,
++							 DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
++							 paths, wpa_s->num_bss,
++							 error);
+ 
+ out:
+ 	while (i)
+ 		os_free(paths[--i]);
+ 	os_free(paths);
+-	return reply;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_networks - Get array of networks objects
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing an array of all configured
+- * networks dbus object paths.
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Networks" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_networks(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_networks(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	struct wpa_ssid *ssid;
+ 	char **paths;
+ 	unsigned int i = 0, num = 0;
++	dbus_bool_t success = FALSE;
+ 
+ 	if (wpa_s->conf == NULL) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_networks[dbus]: "
+-			   "An error occurred getting networks list.");
+-		return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message, NULL);
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "%s[dbus]: An error occurred getting "
++			   "networks list.", __func__);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED, "%s: an error "
++			       "occurred getting the networks list", __func__);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	for (ssid = wpa_s->conf->ssid; ssid; ssid = ssid->next)
+@@ -2277,17 +2255,15 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_networks(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ 	paths = os_zalloc(num * sizeof(char *));
+ 	if (!paths) {
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	/* Loop through configured networks and append object path of each */
+ 	for (ssid = wpa_s->conf->ssid; ssid; ssid = ssid->next) {
+ 		paths[i] = os_zalloc(WPAS_DBUS_OBJECT_PATH_MAX);
+ 		if (paths[i] == NULL) {
+-			reply = dbus_message_new_error(message,
+-						       DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-						       NULL);
++			dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
+ 			goto out;
+ 		}
+ 
+@@ -2297,50 +2273,40 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_networks(DBusMessage *message,
+ 			    wpa_s->dbus_new_path, ssid->id);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message,
+-						       DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
+-						       paths, num);
++	success = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter,
++							 DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH,
++							 paths, num, error);
+ 
+ out:
+ 	while (i)
+ 		os_free(paths[--i]);
+ 	os_free(paths);
+-	return reply;
++	return success;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_blobs - Get all blobs defined for this interface
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing a dictionary of pairs (blob_name, blob)
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Blobs" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_blobs(DBusMessage *message,
+-				     struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_blobs(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				   void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, variant_iter, dict_iter, entry_iter, array_iter;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
++	DBusMessageIter variant_iter, dict_iter, entry_iter, array_iter;
+ 	struct wpa_config_blob *blob;
+ 
+-	if (message == NULL)
+-		reply = dbus_message_new(DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+-	else
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
+-	if (!reply)
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+ 					      "a{say}", &variant_iter) ||
+ 	    !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&variant_iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
+ 					      "{say}", &dict_iter)) {
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	blob = wpa_s->conf->blobs;
+@@ -2363,176 +2329,189 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_blobs(DBusMessage *message,
+ 						       &array_iter) ||
+ 		    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&dict_iter,
+ 						       &entry_iter)) {
+-			dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-			return dbus_message_new_error(message,
+-						      DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-						      NULL);
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
++					     "no memory");
++			return FALSE;
+ 		}
+ 
+ 		blob = blob->next;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&variant_iter, &dict_iter) ||
+-	    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter)) {
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++	    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &variant_iter)) {
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
++static struct wpa_bss * get_bss_helper(struct bss_handler_args *args,
++				       DBusError *error,
++				       const char *func_name)
++{
++	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(args->wpa_s, args->id);
++
++	if (!res) {
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "%s[dbus]: no bss with id %d found",
++		           func_name, args->id);
++		dbus_set_error(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED, "%s: BSS %d not found",
++			       func_name, args->id);
++	}
++	return res;
++}
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid - Return the BSSID of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the bssid for the requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "BSSID" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid(DBusMessage *message,
+-					 struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				       void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE,
+-						      res->bssid, ETH_ALEN);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE,
++						      res->bssid, ETH_ALEN,
++						      error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid - Return the SSID of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the ssid for the requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "SSID" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid(DBusMessage *message,
+-					      struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE,
+-						      res->ssid,
+-						      res->ssid_len);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE,
++						      res->ssid, res->ssid_len,
++						      error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy - Return the privacy flag of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the privacy flag value of requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Privacy" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 	dbus_bool_t privacy;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	privacy = (res->caps & IEEE80211_CAP_PRIVACY) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						&privacy);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++						&privacy, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode - Return the mode of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the mode of requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Mode" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 	const char *mode;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	if (res->caps & IEEE80211_CAP_IBSS)
+ 		mode = "ad-hoc";
+ 	else
+ 		mode = "infrastructure";
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-						&mode);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						&mode, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_level - Return the signal strength of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the signal strength of requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Level" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal(DBusMessage *message,
+-					  struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_INT16,
+-						&res->level);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_INT16,
++						&res->level, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency - Return the frequency of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the frequency of requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Frequency" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency(DBusMessage *message,
+-					     struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					   DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency[dbus]: "
+-			   "no bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_UINT16,
+-						&res->freq);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_UINT16,
++						&res->freq, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -2544,72 +2523,64 @@ static int cmp_u8s_desc(const void *a, const void *b)
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates - Return available bit rates of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing sorted array of bit rates
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Rates" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates(DBusMessage *message,
+-					    struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++				       DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 	u8 *ie_rates = NULL;
+ 	u32 *real_rates;
+ 	int rates_num, i;
++	dbus_bool_t success = FALSE;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates[dbus]: "
+-			   "no bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	rates_num = wpa_bss_get_bit_rates(res, &ie_rates);
+ 	if (rates_num < 0)
+-		return NULL;
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	qsort(ie_rates, rates_num, 1, cmp_u8s_desc);
+ 
+ 	real_rates = os_malloc(sizeof(u32) * rates_num);
+ 	if (!real_rates) {
+ 		os_free(ie_rates);
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	for (i = 0; i < rates_num; i++)
+ 		real_rates[i] = ie_rates[i] * 500000;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message,
+-						       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32,
+-						       real_rates, rates_num);
++	success = wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32,
++							 real_rates, rates_num,
++							 error);
+ 
+ 	os_free(ie_rates);
+ 	os_free(real_rates);
+-	return reply;
++	return success;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+-static DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct wpa_ie_data *ie_data)
++static dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						   struct wpa_ie_data *ie_data,
++						   DBusError *error)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
+-	DBusMessageIter iter, iter_dict, variant_iter;
++	DBusMessageIter iter_dict, variant_iter;
+ 	const char *group;
+ 	const char *pairwise[2]; /* max 2 pairwise ciphers is supported */
+ 	const char *key_mgmt[7]; /* max 7 key managements may be supported */
+ 	int n;
+ 
+-	if (message == NULL)
+-		reply = dbus_message_new(DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+-	else
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
+-	if (!reply)
+-		goto nomem;
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+ 					      "a{sv}", &variant_iter))
+ 		goto nomem;
+ 
+@@ -2690,152 +2661,152 @@ static DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(
+ 
+ 	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&variant_iter, &iter_dict))
+ 		goto nomem;
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter))
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &variant_iter))
+ 		goto nomem;
+ 
+-	return reply;
++	return TRUE;
+ 
+ nomem:
+-	if (reply)
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-
+-	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, NULL);
++	dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++	return FALSE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa - Return the WPA options of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the WPA options of requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "WPA" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 	struct wpa_ie_data wpa_data;
+ 	const u8 *ie;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	os_memset(&wpa_data, 0, sizeof(wpa_data));
+ 	ie = wpa_bss_get_vendor_ie(res, WPA_IE_VENDOR_TYPE);
+ 	if (ie) {
+-		if (wpa_parse_wpa_ie(ie, 2 + ie[1], &wpa_data) < 0)
+-			return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message,
+-							     "invalid WPA IE");
++		if (wpa_parse_wpa_ie(ie, 2 + ie[1], &wpa_data) < 0) {
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++					     "failed to parse WPA IE");
++			return FALSE;
++		}
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(message, &wpa_data);
++	return wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(iter, &wpa_data, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn - Return the RSN options of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing the RSN options of requested bss
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "RSN" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 	struct wpa_ie_data wpa_data;
+ 	const u8 *ie;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	os_memset(&wpa_data, 0, sizeof(wpa_data));
+ 	ie = wpa_bss_get_ie(res, WLAN_EID_RSN);
+ 	if (ie) {
+-		if (wpa_parse_wpa_ie(ie, 2 + ie[1], &wpa_data) < 0)
+-			return wpas_dbus_error_unknown_error(message,
+-							     "invalid RSN IE");
++		if (wpa_parse_wpa_ie(ie, 2 + ie[1], &wpa_data) < 0) {
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++					     "failed to parse RSN IE");
++			return FALSE;
++		}
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(message, &wpa_data);
++	return wpas_dbus_get_bss_security_prop(iter, &wpa_data, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies - Return all IEs of a BSS
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @bss: a pair of interface describing structure and bss's id
+- * Returns: a dbus message containing IEs byte array
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "IEs" property.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct bss_handler_args *bss)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	struct wpa_bss *res = wpa_bss_get_id(bss->wpa_s, bss->id);
++	struct bss_handler_args *args = user_data;
++	struct wpa_bss *res;
+ 
+-	if (!res) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies[dbus]: no "
+-			   "bss with id %d found", bss->id);
+-		return NULL;
+-	}
++	res = get_bss_helper(args, error, __func__);
++	if (!res)
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE,
+-						      res + 1, res->ie_len);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BYTE,
++						      res + 1, res->ie_len,
++						      error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_enabled - Check whether network is enabled or disabled
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpas_dbus_setter_enabled: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * and wpa_ssid structure for a configured network
+- * Returns: DBus message with boolean indicating state of configured network
+- * or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "enabled" property of a configured network.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_enabled(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct network_handler_args *net)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_enabled(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct network_handler_args *net = user_data;
+ 	dbus_bool_t enabled = net->ssid->disabled ? FALSE : TRUE;
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						&enabled);
++
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++						&enabled, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_enabled - Mark a configured network as enabled or disabled
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpas_dbus_setter_enabled: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface
+- * and wpa_ssid structure for a configured network
+- * Returns: NULL indicating success or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter for "Enabled" property of a configured network.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_enabled(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct network_handler_args *net)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_enabled(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+-
++	struct network_handler_args *net = user_data;
+ 	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s;
+ 	struct wpa_ssid *ssid;
+-
+ 	dbus_bool_t enable;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						 &enable);
+-
+-	if (reply)
+-		return reply;
++	if (!wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(iter, error, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++					      &enable))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	wpa_s = net->wpa_s;
+ 	ssid = net->ssid;
+@@ -2845,48 +2816,37 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_enabled(DBusMessage *message,
+ 	else
+ 		wpa_supplicant_disable_network(wpa_s, ssid);
+ 
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties - Get options for a configured network
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @net: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface and
+- * wpa_ssid structure for a configured network
+- * Returns: DBus message with network properties or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Getter for "Properties" property of a configured network.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct network_handler_args *net)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++	DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+-	DBusMessageIter	iter, variant_iter, dict_iter;
++	struct network_handler_args *net = user_data;
++	DBusMessageIter	variant_iter, dict_iter;
+ 	char **iterator;
+ 	char **props = wpa_config_get_all(net->ssid, 0);
+-	if (!props)
+-		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					      NULL);
++	dbus_bool_t success = FALSE;
+ 
+-	if (message == NULL)
+-		reply = dbus_message_new(DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL);
+-	else
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
+-	if (!reply) {
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					       NULL);
+-		goto out;
++	if (!props) {
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-
+-	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT,
+-			"a{sv}", &variant_iter) ||
++	if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(iter, DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "a{sv}",
++					      &variant_iter) ||
+ 	    !wpa_dbus_dict_open_write(&variant_iter, &dict_iter)) {
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					       NULL);
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
+ 		goto out;
+ 	}
+ 
+@@ -2894,10 +2854,8 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties(
+ 	while (*iterator) {
+ 		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_append_string(&dict_iter, *iterator,
+ 						 *(iterator + 1))) {
+-			dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-			reply = dbus_message_new_error(message,
+-						       DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-						       NULL);
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
++					     "no memory");
+ 			goto out;
+ 		}
+ 		iterator += 2;
+@@ -2905,13 +2863,13 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties(
+ 
+ 
+ 	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&variant_iter, &dict_iter) ||
+-	    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &variant_iter)) {
+-		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
+-					       NULL);
++	    !dbus_message_iter_close_container(iter, &variant_iter)) {
++		dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY, "no memory");
+ 		goto out;
+ 	}
+ 
++	success = TRUE;
++
+ out:
+ 	iterator = props;
+ 	while (*iterator) {
+@@ -2919,39 +2877,27 @@ out:
+ 		iterator++;
+ 	}
+ 	os_free(props);
+-	return reply;
++	return success;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties - Set options for a configured network
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @net: wpa_supplicant structure for a network interface and
+- * wpa_ssid structure for a configured network
+- * Returns: NULL indicating success or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter for "Properties" property of a configured network.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct network_handler_args *net)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						DBusError *error,
++						void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct network_handler_args *net = user_data;
+ 	struct wpa_ssid *ssid = net->ssid;
++	DBusMessageIter	variant_iter;
+ 
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+-	DBusMessageIter	iter, variant_iter;
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter);
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
+-	dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &variant_iter);
+-
+-	reply = set_network_properties(message, net->wpa_s, ssid,
+-				       &variant_iter);
+-	if (reply)
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "dbus control interface couldn't set "
+-			   "network properties");
+-
+-	return reply;
++	dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &variant_iter);
++	return set_network_properties(net->wpa_s, ssid, &variant_iter, error);
+ }
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.h b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.h
+index 3cdf9cb..9d5b6ff 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.h
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers.h
+@@ -26,17 +26,20 @@ struct bss_handler_args {
+ 	unsigned int id;
+ };
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       const int type,
+-					       const void *val);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     const int type,
++					     const void *val,
++					     DBusError *error);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       const int type, void *val);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     const int type, void *val);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(DBusMessage *message,
+-						     const int type,
+-						     const void *array,
+-						     size_t array_len);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_simple_array_property_getter(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						   const int type,
++						   const void *array,
++						   size_t array_len,
++						   DBusError *error);
+ 
+ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_create_interface(DBusMessage *message,
+ 						 struct wpa_global *global);
+@@ -47,29 +50,34 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_remove_interface(DBusMessage *message,
+ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_get_interface(DBusMessage *message,
+ 					      struct wpa_global *global);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_debug_level(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error,
++					 void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++                                             DBusError *error,
++                                             void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_debug_level(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_debug_timestamp(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_debug_show_keys(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces(DBusMessage *message,
+-					  struct wpa_global *global);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_interfaces(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++					void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   void *nothing);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_eap_methods(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_scan(DBusMessage *message,
+ 				     struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
+@@ -95,98 +103,122 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_get_blob(DBusMessage *message,
+ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_remove_blob(DBusMessage *message,
+ 					    struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities(DBusMessage *message,
+-					    struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_capabilities(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					  DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_state(DBusMessage *message,
+-				     struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_state(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				   void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_scanning(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_scanning(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_ap_scan(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_ap_scan(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_ifname(DBusMessage *message,
+-				      struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_expire_age(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					    DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_driver(DBusMessage *message,
+-				      struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_bss_expire_age(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					    DBusError *error,
++					    void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname(DBusMessage *message,
+-					     struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_expire_count(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					      DBusError *error,
++					      void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_bss_expire_count(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					      DBusError *error,
++					      void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_current_network(DBusMessage *message,
+-					       struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_country(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
++
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_country(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
++
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_ifname(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				    void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bsss(DBusMessage *message,
+-				    struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_driver(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				    void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_networks(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bridge_ifname(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					   DBusError *error,
++					   void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_blobs(DBusMessage *message,
+-				     struct wpa_supplicant *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_current_bss(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error,
++					 void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid(DBusMessage *message,
+-					 struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_current_network(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bsss(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				  void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_networks(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode(DBusMessage *message,
+-					struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_blobs(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				   void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal(DBusMessage *message,
+-					  struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_bssid(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				       void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency(DBusMessage *message,
+-					     struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ssid(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates(DBusMessage *message,
+-					 struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_privacy(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					 DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_mode(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				      void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_signal(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct bss_handler_args *bss);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_frequency(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++					   DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_enabled(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct network_handler_args *net);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rates(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++				       DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_enabled(DBusMessage *message,
+-				       struct network_handler_args *net);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_wpa(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct network_handler_args *net);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_rsn(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct network_handler_args *net);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_bss_ies(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
++
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_enabled(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
++
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_enabled(DBusMessageIter *iter, DBusError *error,
++				     void *user_data);
++
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_network_properties(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						DBusError *error,
++						void *user_data);
++
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_network_properties(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						DBusError *error,
++						void *user_data);
+ 
+ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_wps_start(DBusMessage *message,
+ 					  struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_process_credentials(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
+-
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_process_credentials(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++	DBusError *error, void *user_data);
+ 
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_credentials(DBusMessage *message,
+-					   struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s);
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						 DBusError *error,
++						 void *user_data);
+ 
+ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_error_invalid_args(DBusMessage *message,
+ 					   const char *arg);
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers_wps.c b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers_wps.c
+index dc44a59..9e934c7 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers_wps.c
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_handlers_wps.c
+@@ -289,34 +289,36 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_handler_wps_start(DBusMessage *message,
+  * true if wps_cred_processing configuration field is not equal to 1 or false
+  * if otherwise.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_getter_process_credentials(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_getter_process_credentials(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++	DBusError *error, void *user_data)
+ {
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	dbus_bool_t process = (wpa_s->conf->wps_cred_processing != 1);
+-	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						&process);
++	return wpas_dbus_simple_property_getter(iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++						&process, error);
+ }
+ 
+ 
+ /**
+  * wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials - Set credentials_processed conf param
+- * @message: Pointer to incoming dbus message
+- * @wpa_s: %wpa_supplicant data structure
+- * Returns: NULL on success or DBus error on failure
++ * @iter: Pointer to incoming dbus message iter
++ * @error: Location to store error on failure
++ * @user_data: Function specific data
++ * Returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+  *
+  * Setter for "ProcessCredentials" property. Sets credentials_processed on 2
+  * if boolean argument is true or on 1 if otherwise.
+  */
+-DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials(
+-	DBusMessage *message, struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s)
++dbus_bool_t wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++						 DBusError *error,
++						 void *user_data)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
++	struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = user_data;
+ 	dbus_bool_t process_credentials, old_pc;
+ 
+-	reply = wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(message, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+-						 &process_credentials);
+-	if (reply)
+-		return reply;
++	if (!wpas_dbus_simple_property_setter(iter, error, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
++					      &process_credentials))
++		return FALSE;
+ 
+ 	old_pc = (wpa_s->conf->wps_cred_processing != 1);
+ 	wpa_s->conf->wps_cred_processing = (process_credentials ? 2 : 1);
+@@ -327,5 +329,5 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_setter_process_credentials(
+ 					       WPAS_DBUS_NEW_IFACE_WPS,
+ 					       "ProcessCredentials");
+ 
+-	return NULL;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.c b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.c
+index 06749db..e77a0c7 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.c
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.c
+@@ -21,112 +21,49 @@
+ #include "dbus_common_i.h"
+ #include "dbus_new.h"
+ #include "dbus_new_helpers.h"
++#include "dbus_dict_helpers.h"
+ 
+ 
+-/**
+- * recursive_iter_copy - Reads arguments from one iterator and
+- * writes to another recursively
+- * @from: iterator to read from
+- * @to: iterator to write to
+- *
+- * Copies one iterator's elements to another. If any element in
+- * iterator is of container type, its content is copied recursively
+- */
+-static void recursive_iter_copy(DBusMessageIter *from, DBusMessageIter *to)
++static dbus_bool_t fill_dict_with_properties(DBusMessageIter *dict_iter,
++	const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc *props,
++	const char *interface, void *user_data, DBusError *error)
+ {
+-
+-	char *subtype = NULL;
+-	int type;
+-
+-	/* iterate over iterator to copy */
+-	while ((type = dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(from)) !=
+-	       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
+-
+-		/* simply copy basic type entries */
+-		if (dbus_type_is_basic(type)) {
+-			if (dbus_type_is_fixed(type)) {
+-				/*
+-				 * According to DBus documentation all
+-				 * fixed-length types are guaranteed to fit
+-				 * 8 bytes
+-				 */
+-				dbus_uint64_t v;
+-				dbus_message_iter_get_basic(from, &v);
+-				dbus_message_iter_append_basic(to, type, &v);
+-			} else {
+-				char *v;
+-				dbus_message_iter_get_basic(from, &v);
+-				dbus_message_iter_append_basic(to, type, &v);
+-			}
+-		} else {
+-			/* recursively copy container type entries */
+-			DBusMessageIter write_subiter, read_subiter;
+-
+-			dbus_message_iter_recurse(from, &read_subiter);
+-
+-			if (type == DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT ||
+-			    type == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+-				subtype = dbus_message_iter_get_signature(
+-					&read_subiter);
+-			}
+-
+-			dbus_message_iter_open_container(to, type, subtype,
+-							 &write_subiter);
+-
+-			recursive_iter_copy(&read_subiter, &write_subiter);
+-
+-			dbus_message_iter_close_container(to, &write_subiter);
+-			if (subtype)
+-				dbus_free(subtype);
+-		}
+-
+-		dbus_message_iter_next(from);
+-	}
+-}
+-
+-
+-static unsigned int fill_dict_with_properties(
+-	DBusMessageIter *dict_iter, const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc *props,
+-	const char *interface, const void *user_data)
+-{
+-	DBusMessage *reply;
+-	DBusMessageIter entry_iter, ret_iter;
+-	unsigned int counter = 0;
++	DBusMessageIter entry_iter;
+ 	const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc *dsc;
+ 
+ 	for (dsc = props; dsc && dsc->dbus_property; dsc++) {
+-		if (!os_strncmp(dsc->dbus_interface, interface,
+-				WPAS_DBUS_INTERFACE_MAX) &&
+-		    dsc->access != W && dsc->getter) {
+-			reply = dsc->getter(NULL, user_data);
+-			if (!reply)
+-				continue;
+-
+-			if (dbus_message_get_type(reply) ==
+-			    DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR) {
+-				dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-				continue;
+-			}
++		/* Only return properties for the requested D-Bus interface */
++		if (os_strncmp(dsc->dbus_interface, interface,
++			       WPAS_DBUS_INTERFACE_MAX) != 0)
++			continue;
+ 
+-			dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &ret_iter);
++		/* Handle access permissions or missing getter */
++		if (dsc->getter == NULL || dsc->access == W)
++			continue;
+ 
+-			dbus_message_iter_open_container(dict_iter,
+-							 DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY,
+-							 NULL, &entry_iter);
+-			dbus_message_iter_append_basic(
+-				&entry_iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+-				&dsc->dbus_property);
++		if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(dict_iter,
++						      DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY,
++						      NULL, &entry_iter)) {
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
++			                     "no memory");
++			return FALSE;
++		}
++		if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter,
++						    DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
++						    &dsc->dbus_property)) {
++			dbus_set_error_const(error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
++			                     "no memory");
++			return FALSE;
++		}
+ 
+-			recursive_iter_copy(&ret_iter, &entry_iter);
++		/* An error getting a property fails the request entirely */
++		if (!dsc->getter(&entry_iter, error, user_data))
++			return FALSE;
+ 
+-			dbus_message_iter_close_container(dict_iter,
+-							  &entry_iter);
+-			dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-			counter++;
+-		}
++		dbus_message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter);
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return counter;
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -142,37 +79,43 @@ static unsigned int fill_dict_with_properties(
+  * specified as argument. Returned message contains one dict argument
+  * with properties names as keys and theirs values as values.
+  */
+-static DBusMessage * get_all_properties(
+-	DBusMessage *message, char *interface,
+-	struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_dsc)
++static DBusMessage * get_all_properties(DBusMessage *message, char *interface,
++				        struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_dsc)
+ {
+-	/* Create and initialize the return message */
+-	DBusMessage *reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
++	DBusMessage *reply;
+ 	DBusMessageIter iter, dict_iter;
+-	int props_num;
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+-
+-	dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY,
+-					 DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN_CHAR_AS_STRING
+-					 DBUS_TYPE_STRING_AS_STRING
+-					 DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT_AS_STRING
+-					 DBUS_DICT_ENTRY_END_CHAR_AS_STRING,
+-					 &dict_iter);
++	DBusError error;
+ 
+-	props_num = fill_dict_with_properties(&dict_iter, obj_dsc->properties,
+-					      interface, obj_dsc->user_data);
++	reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
++	if (reply == NULL) {
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "%s: out of memory creating dbus reply",
++			   __func__);
++		return NULL;
++	}
+ 
+-	dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &dict_iter);
++ 	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_write(&iter, &dict_iter)) {
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "%s: out of memory creating reply",
++			   __func__);
++		dbus_message_unref(reply);
++		reply = dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_NO_MEMORY,
++					       "out of memory");
++		return reply;
++	}
+ 
+-	if (props_num == 0) {
++	dbus_error_init(&error);
++	if (!fill_dict_with_properties(&dict_iter, obj_dsc->properties,
++				       interface, obj_dsc->user_data, &error)) {
+ 		dbus_message_unref(reply);
+-		reply = dbus_message_new_error(message,
+-					       DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+-					       "No readable properties in "
+-					       "this interface");
++		reply = wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error (message, &error,
++							DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
++							"No readable properties"
++							" in this interface");
++		dbus_error_free(&error);
++		return reply;
+ 	}
+ 
++	wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(&iter, &dict_iter);
+ 	return reply;
+ }
+ 
+@@ -219,15 +162,33 @@ static DBusMessage * properties_get(DBusMessage *message,
+ 				    const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc *dsc,
+ 				    void *user_data)
+ {
+-	if (os_strcmp(dbus_message_get_signature(message), "ss"))
++	DBusMessage *reply;
++	DBusMessageIter iter;
++	DBusError error;
++
++	if (os_strcmp(dbus_message_get_signature(message), "ss")) {
+ 		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+ 					      NULL);
++	}
++
++	if (dsc->access == W || dsc->getter == NULL) {
++		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
++					      "Property is write-only");
++	}
+ 
+-	if (dsc->access != W && dsc->getter)
+-		return dsc->getter(message, user_data);
++	reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
++	dbus_message_iter_init_append(reply, &iter);
+ 
+-	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+-				      "Property is write-only");
++	dbus_error_init(&error);
++	if (dsc->getter(&iter, &error, user_data) == FALSE) {
++		dbus_message_unref(reply);
++		reply = wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error(message, &error,
++		                                       DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		                                       "Failed to read property");
++		dbus_error_free(&error);
++	}
++
++	return reply;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -235,15 +196,38 @@ static DBusMessage * properties_set(DBusMessage *message,
+ 				    const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc *dsc,
+ 				    void *user_data)
+ {
+-	if (os_strcmp(dbus_message_get_signature(message), "ssv"))
++	DBusMessage *reply;
++	DBusMessageIter iter;
++	DBusError error;
++
++	if (os_strcmp(dbus_message_get_signature(message), "ssv")) {
+ 		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+ 					      NULL);
++	}
++
++	if (dsc->access == R || dsc->setter == NULL) {
++		return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
++					      "Property is read-only");
++	}
++
++	dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter);
++	/* Skip the interface name and the property name */
++	dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
++	dbus_message_iter_next(&iter);
+ 
+-	if (dsc->access != R && dsc->setter)
+-		return dsc->setter(message, user_data);
++	/* Iter will now point to the property's new value */
++	dbus_error_init(&error);
++	if (dsc->setter(&iter, &error, user_data) == TRUE) {
++		/* Success */
++		reply = dbus_message_new_method_return(message);
++	} else {
++		reply = wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error(message, &error,
++		                                       DBUS_ERROR_FAILED,
++		                                       "Failed to set property");
++		dbus_error_free(&error);
++	}
+ 
+-	return dbus_message_new_error(message, DBUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+-				      "Property is read-only");
++	return reply;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -611,14 +595,14 @@ int wpa_dbus_unregister_object_per_iface(
+ }
+ 
+ 
+-static void put_changed_properties(const struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_dsc,
+-				   const char *interface,
+-				   DBusMessageIter *dict_iter)
++static dbus_bool_t put_changed_properties(
++	const struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_dsc, const char *interface,
++	DBusMessageIter *dict_iter)
+ {
+-	DBusMessage *getter_reply;
+-	DBusMessageIter prop_iter, entry_iter;
++	DBusMessageIter entry_iter;
+ 	const struct wpa_dbus_property_desc *dsc;
+ 	int i;
++	DBusError error;
+ 
+ 	for (dsc = obj_dsc->properties, i = 0; dsc && dsc->dbus_property;
+ 	     dsc++, i++) {
+@@ -629,37 +613,37 @@ static void put_changed_properties(const struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_dsc,
+ 			continue;
+ 		obj_dsc->prop_changed_flags[i] = 0;
+ 
+-		getter_reply = dsc->getter(NULL, obj_dsc->user_data);
+-		if (!getter_reply ||
+-		    dbus_message_get_type(getter_reply) ==
+-		    DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR) {
+-			wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: Cannot get new value "
+-				   "of property %s", __func__,
+-				   dsc->dbus_property);
+-			continue;
+-		}
+-
+-		if (!dbus_message_iter_init(getter_reply, &prop_iter) ||
+-		    !dbus_message_iter_open_container(dict_iter,
++		if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(dict_iter,
+ 						      DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY,
+-						      NULL, &entry_iter) ||
+-		    !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter,
++						      NULL, &entry_iter))
++			return FALSE;
++
++		if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&entry_iter,
+ 						    DBUS_TYPE_STRING,
+ 						    &dsc->dbus_property))
+-			goto err;
+-
+-		recursive_iter_copy(&prop_iter, &entry_iter);
++			return FALSE;
++
++		dbus_error_init(&error);
++		if (!dsc->getter(&entry_iter, &error, obj_dsc->user_data)) {
++			if (dbus_error_is_set (&error)) {
++				wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: Cannot get new"
++				           " value of property %s: (%s) %s",
++				           __func__, dsc->dbus_property,
++				           error.name, error.message);
++			} else {
++				wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: Cannot get new"
++				           "value of property %s", __func__,
++					   dsc->dbus_property);
++			}
++			dbus_error_free(&error);
++			return FALSE;
++		}
+ 
+ 		if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(dict_iter, &entry_iter))
+-			goto err;
+-
+-		dbus_message_unref(getter_reply);
++			return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	return;
+-
+-err:
+-	wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: Cannot construct signal", __func__);
++	return TRUE;
+ }
+ 
+ 
+@@ -680,7 +664,8 @@ static void send_prop_changed_signal(
+ 					      "{sv}", &dict_iter))
+ 		goto err;
+ 
+-	put_changed_properties(obj_dsc, interface, &dict_iter);
++	if (!put_changed_properties(obj_dsc, interface, &dict_iter))
++		goto err;
+ 
+ 	if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&signal_iter, &dict_iter))
+ 		goto err;
+@@ -849,27 +834,75 @@ void wpa_dbus_mark_property_changed(struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface,
+  * @iface: dbus priv struct
+  * @path: path to DBus object which properties will be obtained
+  * @interface: interface name which properties will be obtained
+- * @dict_iter: correct, open DBus dictionary iterator.
++ * @iter: DBus message iter at which to append property dictionary.
+  *
+  * Iterates over all properties registered with object and execute getters
+  * of those, which are readable and which interface matches interface
+  * specified as argument. Obtained properties values are stored in
+  * dict_iter dictionary.
+  */
+-void wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface,
+-				    const char *path, const char *interface,
+-				    DBusMessageIter *dict_iter)
++dbus_bool_t wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface,
++					   const char *path,
++					   const char *interface,
++					   DBusMessageIter *iter)
+ {
+ 	struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_desc = NULL;
++	DBusMessageIter dict_iter;
++	DBusError error;
+ 
+ 	dbus_connection_get_object_path_data(iface->con, path,
+ 					     (void **) &obj_desc);
+ 	if (!obj_desc) {
+-		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: wpa_dbus_get_object_properties: "
+-			   "could not obtain object's private data: %s", path);
+-		return;
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: could not obtain object's "
++		           "private data: %s", __func__, path);
++		return FALSE;
++	}
++
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_write(iter, &dict_iter)) {
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: failed to open message dict",
++			   __func__);
++		return FALSE;
++	}
++
++	dbus_error_init(&error);
++	if (!fill_dict_with_properties(&dict_iter, obj_desc->properties,
++				       interface, obj_desc->user_data,
++				       &error)) {
++		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "dbus: %s: failed to get object"
++		           " properties: (%s) %s", __func__,
++		           dbus_error_is_set(&error) ? error.name : "none",
++		           dbus_error_is_set(&error) ? error.message : "none");
++		dbus_error_free(&error);
++		return FALSE;
+ 	}
+ 
+-	fill_dict_with_properties(dict_iter, obj_desc->properties,
+-				  interface, obj_desc->user_data);
++	return wpa_dbus_dict_close_write(iter, &dict_iter);
++}
++
++/**
++ * wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error - Create a new D-Bus error message from a
++ *   dbus error structure
++ * @message: The original request message for which the error is a reply
++ * @error: The error containing a name and a descriptive error cause
++ * @fallback_name: A generic error name if @error was not set
++ * @fallback_string: A generic error string if @error was not set
++ * Returns: A new D-Bus error message
++ *
++ * Given a DBusMessage structure, creates a new D-Bus error message using
++ * the error name and string contained in that structure.
++ */
++DBusMessage *wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error (DBusMessage *message,
++					     DBusError *error,
++					     const char *fallback_name,
++					     const char *fallback_string)
++{
++	if (error && error->name && error->message) {
++		return dbus_message_new_error(message, error->name,
++					      error->message);
++	}
++	if (fallback_name && fallback_string) {
++		return dbus_message_new_error(message, fallback_name,
++					      fallback_string);
++	}
++	return NULL;
+ }
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.h b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.h
+index 8db7a37..32a3ba5 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.h
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_new_helpers.h
+@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ typedef DBusMessage * (* WPADBusMethodHandler)(DBusMessage *message,
+ 					       void *user_data);
+ typedef void (* WPADBusArgumentFreeFunction)(void *handler_arg);
+ 
+-typedef DBusMessage * (* WPADBusPropertyAccessor)(DBusMessage *message,
+-						  const void *user_data);
++typedef dbus_bool_t (* WPADBusPropertyAccessor)(DBusMessageIter *iter,
++                                                DBusError *error,
++						void *user_data);
+ 
+ struct wpa_dbus_object_desc {
+ 	DBusConnection *connection;
+@@ -127,9 +128,10 @@ int wpa_dbus_unregister_object_per_iface(
+ 	struct wpas_dbus_priv *ctrl_iface,
+ 	const char *path);
+ 
+-void wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface,
+-				    const char *path, const char *interface,
+-				    DBusMessageIter *dict_iter);
++dbus_bool_t wpa_dbus_get_object_properties(struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface,
++					   const char *path,
++					   const char *interface,
++					   DBusMessageIter *iter);
+ 
+ 
+ void wpa_dbus_flush_all_changed_properties(DBusConnection *con);
+@@ -144,4 +146,9 @@ void wpa_dbus_mark_property_changed(struct wpas_dbus_priv *iface,
+ DBusMessage * wpa_dbus_introspect(DBusMessage *message,
+ 				  struct wpa_dbus_object_desc *obj_dsc);
+ 
++DBusMessage *wpas_dbus_reply_new_from_error(DBusMessage *message,
++					    DBusError *error,
++					    const char *fallback_name,
++					    const char *fallback_string);
++
+ #endif /* WPA_DBUS_CTRL_H */
+diff --git a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_old_handlers.c b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_old_handlers.c
+index d914697..3d252e7 100644
+--- a/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_old_handlers.c
++++ b/wpa_supplicant/dbus/dbus_old_handlers.c
+@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_global_add_interface(DBusMessage *message,
+ 		DBusMessageIter iter_dict;
+ 		struct wpa_dbus_dict_entry entry;
+ 
+-		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict))
++		if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict, NULL))
+ 			goto error;
+ 		while (wpa_dbus_dict_has_dict_entry(&iter_dict)) {
+ 			if (!wpa_dbus_dict_get_entry(&iter_dict, &entry))
+@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_iface_set_network(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ 	dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter);
+ 
+-	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict)) {
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict, NULL)) {
+ 		reply = wpas_dbus_new_invalid_opts_error(message, NULL);
+ 		goto out;
+ 	}
+@@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_iface_set_smartcard_modules(
+ 	if (!dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter))
+ 		goto error;
+ 
+-	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict))
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict, NULL))
+ 		goto error;
+ 
+ 	while (wpa_dbus_dict_has_dict_entry(&iter_dict)) {
+@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ DBusMessage * wpas_dbus_iface_set_blobs(DBusMessage *message,
+ 
+ 	dbus_message_iter_init(message, &iter);
+ 
+-	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict))
++	if (!wpa_dbus_dict_open_read(&iter, &iter_dict, NULL))
+ 		return wpas_dbus_new_invalid_opts_error(message, NULL);
+ 
+ 	while (wpa_dbus_dict_has_dict_entry(&iter_dict)) {
+-- 
+1.7.4.4
+
diff --git a/wpa_supplicant.spec b/wpa_supplicant.spec
index f0ca4fc..1ff1803 100644
--- a/wpa_supplicant.spec
+++ b/wpa_supplicant.spec
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Summary: WPA/WPA2/IEEE 802.1X Supplicant
 Name: wpa_supplicant
 Epoch: 1
 Version: 0.7.3
-Release: 8%{?dist}
+Release: 9%{?dist}
 License: BSD
 Group: System Environment/Base
 Source0: http://w1.fi/releases/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Patch6: wpa_supplicant-gui-qt4.patch
 # Send PropertyChanged notificationes when the BSS list changes
 Patch7: wpa_supplicant-bss-changed-prop-notify.patch
 # Don't crash trying to pass NULL to dbus
-Patch8: wpa_supplicant-dbus-null-error.patch
+Patch8: 0001-dbus-clean-up-new-D-Bus-interface-getters-setters.patch
 # Dirty hack for WiMAX
 # http://linuxwimax.org/Download?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=wpa-1.5-README.txt
 Patch100: wpa_supplicant-0.7.2-generate-libeap-peer.patch
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Don't use this unless you know what you're doing.
 %patch5 -p1 -b .more-openssl-algs
 %patch6 -p1 -b .qt4
 %patch7 -p1 -b .bss-changed-prop-notify
-%patch8 -p1 -b .dbus-null
+%patch8 -p1 -b .dbus-rework
 
 %build
 pushd wpa_supplicant
@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ fi
 %postun -n libeap -p /sbin/ldconfig
 
 %changelog
+* Wed Jul 27 2011 Dan Williams <dcbw at redhat.com> - 1:0.7.3-9
+- Fix various crashes with D-Bus interface (rh #678625) (rh #725517)
+
 * Tue May  3 2011 Dan Williams <dcbw at redhat.com> - 1:0.7.3-8
 - Don't crash when trying to access invalid properties via D-Bus (rh #678625)
 


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