Can one now help?
Parshwa Murdia
b330bkn at gmail.com
Mon Jul 19 01:53:09 UTC 2010
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: "Christofer C. Bell" <christofer.c.bell at gmail.com>
> To: Community support for Fedora users <users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
> Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2010 17:56:35 -0400
> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
> On 7/18/10, Parshwa Murdia <b330bkn at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> The X there isn't really a drive letter. Under Windows, a "drive letter"
> really refers to a partition, not a disk, and so the N (the number) is more
> analogous to a drive letter (but not really, keep reading!). The X refers
> to the disk itself. Under Linux, the 4 portions of that device name are:
>
> * Controller type (IDE, SCSI, SATA, etc) (SCSI and SATA both use 's', IDE
> uses 'h')
> * Device type (disk, tape, etc) (d for disk, t for tape, etc)
> * Disk/Controller position (where is the disk on the controller? Or which
> controller? Enumerated starting with a, sda, sdb, sdc, etc)
> * Partition number (enumerated starting with 1, then 2, 3, 4, etc)
>
> Under this scheme, the first partition of your first disk will be sda1.
> Let's look at this:
>
> s - controller is SATA
> d - we're talking about a disk device
> a - we're talking about the first disk on the controller, really with SATA
> we're talking about the first controller)
> 1 - we're talking referencing the first partition on that disk
>
> On Intel PC systems (what most people run Fedora on), the "partition
> number" field can also tell you what kind of partition it is. Partitions 1
> through 4 are *always* Primary partitions. Partition 5 is *always* an
> Extended partition. Extended partitions will never have a filesystem
> written directly to them. Instead, they will contain Logical partitions.
> These will be all partitions numbered 6 and beyond.
>
> Let's take a look at the disks in my own system here. This machine
> contains 3 disks, each 1.5 TB in size. I've deleted all the confusing RAID
> stuff and partition statistics since we don't care about that here:
>
>
> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
> /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
> Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
> /dev/sda2 64 182402 1464625152 8e Linux LVM
>
>
> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
> /dev/sdb1 1 182401 1465136032 fd Linux raid
> autodetect
>
> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
> /dev/sdc1 1 182401 1465136001 fd Linux raid
> autodetect
>
> We can see from this output that the system has 3 SATA controllers that are
> in use. This is evident by each disk being enumerated as sda, sdb, and
> sdc. Remember, s = SCSI or SATA (SATA here), the physical disk devices are
> a, b, and c. There are 2 partitions (1 and 2) on the first disk, then 1
> partition each on the other 2 disks.
>
Really good clarification. Thanks Christopher.
Now, all of this ignores what's likely the case if you installed Fedora 13
> with the installation defaults. In that case, you're likely using LVM (and
> none of the information folks have given so far is going to work). Notice
> that in the example above, disk sda2 is of type "Linux LVM" -- this means
> it's being used as a PV (physical volume) under LVM management. We can use
> the command 'pvscan' to get a listing of all PVs (again, physical volumes,
> ie; real disk partitions) that are being used and what VG (volume group)
> they contain:
>
> lvm> pvscan
> PV /dev/sda2 VG vg_circe lvm2 [1.36 TiB / 0 free]
> PV /dev/md0 VG homevg_1 lvm2 [1.36 TiB / 0 free]
> Total: 2 [2.73 TiB] / in use: 2 [2.73 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
> lvm>
>
> And here it is! We see that PV /dev/sda2 (the second partition of the disk
> on the first SATA controller) contains VG (again, volume group, sort of like
> an extended partition) vg_circe. Now, what is inside that volume group? We
> can use the command lvscan to find out:
>
> lvm> lvscan
> ACTIVE '/dev/homevg_1/homelv_1' [1.36 TiB] inherit
> ACTIVE '/dev/vg_circe/lv_root' [1.36 TiB] inherit
> ACTIVE '/dev/vg_circe/lv_swap' [5.44 GiB] inherit
> lvm>
>
> And there is our root partition. It's /dev/vg_circe/lv_root.
>
Correct, but I ran the following (before you posted this):
[liveuser at localhost ~]$ su -
[root at localhost ~]# kpartx -av /dev/sda
[root at localhost ~]# vgscan
[root at localhost ~]# vgchange -ay
[root at localhost ~]# ls /dev/mapper
Though I didn't understand what this is, but I ran. The last command's
output is:
control live-osimg-min live-rw VolGroup-lv_root VolGroup-lv_swap
which I mounted like:
[root at localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root /mnt/oldfedora/
(by creating the folder oldfedora in the /mnt directory). After that I just
switched to that particular directory and edited the fstab file, the only
error (as what I am assuming) was that there was a single space (single
character space) between the default, noatime and nodiratime which added
everwhere where there was written defaults in the /etc/fstab file. This I
did for improving the speed, and really speaking it worked except for that
error (
http://digitizor.com/2009/01/31/fedora-speed-tweaks-make-fedora-faster/)
I request to confirm if I did in correct way??
> Now, looking at what you've provided, here's the output of fdisk -l for
> your machine:
>
> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
> /dev/sda1 1 5737 46082421 7 HPFS/NTFS
> /dev/sda2 5738 30400 198105547+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
> /dev/sda5 5738 9561 30716248+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
> /dev/sda6 9562 13385 30716248+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
> /dev/sda7 13386 15935 20482843+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
> /dev/sda8 * 15936 15961 204799+ 83 Linux
> /dev/sda9 15961 28596 101487615+ 8e Linux LVM
>
> You mentioned you were confused that you didn't see sda3 or sda4. If you
> recall what I said earlier, this is normal. That's because you only have 2
> primary partitions on your disk. You have an extended partition (always 5)
> that contains 4 logical partitions (6, 7, 8, and 9). Since you only have 2
> primary partitions, you won't have an entry for 3 or 4, just 1 and 2.
>
> In looking at your list here, it's likely that sda8 is your /boot
> filesystem and that sd9 contains your root filesystem and swap partition
> (assuming a default selection of settings during the installation of
> Fedora). Because LVM is in use here, we can't mount the disk partitions
> directly. Remember, the disk partition is an LVM physical volume, it's not
> a filesystem that can be mounted. However, the logical volumes *are* normal
> filesystems that can be mounted.
>
I can't see the hostname of your machine, but I'll wager you didn't change
> the default installation name of vg_$(hostname) so I'll go with that here:
>
# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_$(hostname)/lv_root /mnt
>
[root at localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root /mnt/oldfedora/
But before you posted this I ran this command, you used -t option which I
didn't, I guess the first commands (of kpartx -av /dev/sda and vgscan) might
have done that work.
This will mount the logical volume "lv_root" contained in volume group
> "vg_yourhostname" under /mnt with a filesystem type of ext4 (what your
> system is most likely using). If you receive an error about the wrong
> filesystem type, then you may be using the ext3 filesystem. In that case,
> simply replace ext4 with ext3. You can then follow the rest of the
> information provided to restore your backup copy of the fstab (you'll
> restore your backup to /mnt/etc/fstab, remember, you've mounted your
> system's root partition under /mnt, the actual /etc directory when booted
> off the Live CD is the /etc/ on the Live CD).
>
> Here's a real example, done on my own machine using the Live CD:
>
> [liveuser at localhost ~]$ su -
> [root at localhost ~]# lvscan
> ACTIVE '/dev/homevg_1/homelv_1' [1.36 TiB] inherit
> ACTIVE '/dev/vg_circe/lv_root' [1.36 TiB] inherit
> ACTIVE '/dev/vg_circe/lv_swap' [5.44 GiB] inherit
> [root at localhost ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_circe-lv_root /mnt
> [root at localhost ~]# ls -l /mnt/etc/fstab*
> -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 957 Jun 27 05:00 /mnt/etc/fstab
> -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 861 Jun 26 17:46 /mnt/etc/fstab.20100626
> [root at localhost ~]#
>
> There's only one part where this gets confusing. The lvscan told us that
> the logical volume is /dev/vg_circe/lv_root. But when we mount it, we use
> /dev/mapper/vg_circe-lv_root. Note how we've included "mapper" and we've
> changed a forward slash (/) to a dash (-). All you need to do to fix this
> is copy your backup fstab to /mnt/etc/fstab and reboot.
>
> Good luck!
>
> --
> Chris
>
Now I am able to boot, thanks.
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: "Christofer C. Bell" <christofer.c.bell at gmail.com>
> To: Community support for Fedora users <users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
> Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2010 17:01:29 -0500
> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
> I noticed that I actually made a mistake in the below, here's the
> correction:
>
> On Sun, Jul 18, 2010 at 4:56 PM, Christofer C. Bell <christofer.c.bell at gm
>
>> In looking at your list here, it's likely that sda8 is your /boot
>> filesystem and that sd9 contains your root filesystem and swap partition
>> (assuming a default selection of settings during the installation of
>> Fedora). Because LVM is in use here, we can't mount the disk partitions
>> directly. Remember, the disk partition is an LVM physical volume, it's not
>> a filesystem that can be mounted. However, the logical volumes *are* normal
>> filesystems that can be mounted.
>>
>> I can't see the hostname of your machine, but I'll wager you didn't change
>> the default installation name of vg_$(hostname) so I'll go with that here:
>>
>> # mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_$(hostname)/lv_root /mnt
>>
>
> That mount command should read, instead:
>
> # mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/vg_$(hostname)-lv_root /mnt
>
Oh, I see.
>
> Where you replace $(hostname) with the hostname of your computer (basically
> the correct name as given by the lvscan command).
>
> Anyway, sorry for the foul-up! And again, good luck getting your issue
> resolved!
>
Yes. It got resolved.
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: JD <jd1008 at gmail.com>
> To: Community support for Fedora users <users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
> Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2010 15:13:52 -0700
> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
> On 07/18/2010 01:24 PM, Parshwa Murdia wrote:
>
>>
>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>> From: JD <jd1008 at gmail.com <mailto:jd1008 at gmail.com>
>> <mailto:jd1008 at gmail.com <mailto:jd1008 at gmail.com>>>
>> To: Community support for Fedora users
>> <users at lists.fedoraproject.org
>> <mailto:users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
>> <mailto:users at lists.fedoraproject.org
>> <mailto:users at lists.fedoraproject.org>>>
>> Date: Sat, 17 Jul 2010 14:31:48 -0700
>> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
>>
>> Live CD also allows you to just boot the cd without installing it.
>> So, do not select install. just boot it and the desktop will come up.
>> in desktop, open a terminal:
>> Click Applications -> System Tools -> Terminal
>>
>> in the shell terminal, mount your fedora partition:
>> su -
>> No password needed. just press enter.
>> mkdir /mydisk
>> mount /dev/sdXN /mydisk
>>
>> where X is the drive letter and N is the partition number (starts
>> at 1) where you installed fedora.
>>
>> Now cd to your /etc and edit fstab and fix the problem.
>>
>> If you do not know how to do that, post the contents of your fstab
>> to this list
>> and I am certain someone will tell you what is wrong.
>>
>>
>> one things is that when you say sdXN, X is the drive letter means what
>> drive letter is give to the linux partition? in windows if i see, its H so
>> it should be like sdH9?? in the line:
>>
> Of course.
>
>
>> mount /dev/sdXN /mydisk
>>
> I seriously doubt you did it right.
> Mounting a fedora partition using fedora live does not
> require you to enter a type.
>
> As root:
>
> mount /dev/sda8 /mydisk
>
> would have mounted your fedora disk partition.
>
>
>> but the error i get is:
>> *
>> mount: you must specify the filesystem type* (which comes in the terminal)
>>
>>
>> You did something wrong, and you do not tell us what command you entered
> along with the arguments.
>
I didn't do anything except what was written, but as Christopher said, and
correct, mounting LVM, is quite different. like the above one method.
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>> From: Marko Vojinovic <vvmarko at gmail.com <mailto:vvmarko at gmail.com>>
>> To: users at lists.fedoraproject.org
>> <mailto:users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
>> Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2010 19:50:22 +0100
>> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
>> On Sunday, July 18, 2010 15:39:43 Parshwa Murdia wrote:
>>
>
> How many extended partitions do you have?
> Legacy partitions are a total of 4, and can be extended
> by having an extended partition, within which you can create 4 partitions.
>
> So please explain how you created these partitions?
>
What I did is using the live CD, I installed to the hard disk and it was in
fact a auto process. I used Fedora Core 11 live CD. Perhaps, I don't know
about how these partitions got created, I am seeing it after the automatic
installation. But now trying to see.
> After you have determined which partition is the Fedora root (in
>> what follows
>> I will assume that it is /dev/sda2, while you should substitute
>> the relevant
>> /dev/sd?? instead), you want to mount it somewhere --- typically
>> to /mnt
>> directory of your running LiveCD Fedora. This is done as follows:
>>
>> (1) create a new directory in /mnt, by typing "mkdir /mnt/oldfedora"
>> (2) mount the partition to that directory by typing
>> "mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/oldfedora" (and don't forget to substitute
>> /dev/sda2
>> with whatever is relevant for your case)
>>
>>
>> mounting this (for both sda8 and sda9), it shows me the error:
>> *
>> mount: unknown filesystem type 'lvm2pv'* (in the terminal)
>>
>> and once:
>> *
>> mount: you must specify the filesystem type* (in the terminal)
>>
>> so again it is not getting either mounted.
>>
> I repeat,
> post the verbatim command you entered.
>
I repeat, I didn't do anything except what was written, but as Christopher
said, and correct, mounting LVM, is quite different. like the above one
method.
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: JD <jd1008 at gmail.com>
> To: Community support for Fedora users <users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
> Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2010 15:19:55 -0700
> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
> On 07/18/2010 02:11 PM, Gene Heskett wrote:
>
>> On Sunday, July 18, 2010 05:09:23 pm Parshwa Murdia did opine:
>> This is 100% correct. Linux can understand quite a few file system
>> architectures, so you need to include a '-t filesystemname' in your mount
>> command line. Man mount.
>>
>> As I already replied, no necessarily true for all filesystem types.
> To wit:
> $ sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /sdc1
> $ ls /sdc1
> lost+found/ sdb1.bkup/ sdb3.bkup/ sdb4.bkup/
>
> sdc1 is an ext3 partition and is automatically recognized as such.
>
Confusing., it didn't work.
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: "Christofer C. Bell" <christofer.c.bell at gmail.com>
> To: Community support for Fedora users <users at lists.fedoraproject.org>
> Date: Sun, 18 Jul 2010 17:23:56 -0500
> Subject: Re: Can one now help?
> On 7/18/10, JD <jd1008 at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> As root:
>>
>> mount /dev/sda8 /mydisk
>>
>> would have mounted your fedora disk partition.
>
>
> This ignores the default use of LVM under Fedora.
>
>
>> How many extended partitions do you have?
>> Legacy partitions are a total of 4, and can be extended
>> by having an extended partition, within which you can create 4 partitions
>>
>
> You can create up to 15 logical partitions on a SCSI (and thus SATA) disk
> and up to 63 on an IDE disk.
>
Oh I see.
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